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基奈半島狼

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基奈半島狼
化石时期:0.81–0 Ma
更新世至1915年
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 食肉目 Carnivora
科: 犬科 Canidae
属: 犬属 Canis
种:
C. lupus
亚种:
基奈半島狼 C. l. alces
三名法
Canis lupus alces
Goldman, 1941[1][2]
灰狼亚种在北美洲的分布

基奈半島狼學名Canis lupus alces)是一个灰狼亚种。原分布在阿拉斯加州基奈半島,因人类捕杀而于1925年灭绝[3]

體型

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基奈半岛狼在被灭绝之前是北美最大的狼,身长为5-7英尺(150-215厘米),高35至44英寸(89-112厘米)。它的体长从60英寸到84英寸(5英尺到7英尺)不等,估计最重可達200-250磅[4][5][6]

特徵

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爱德华·阿方索·戈德曼英语Edward Alphonso Goldman提出,基奈半岛狼体型庞大可能是自然选择的结果,因其主要依赖驼鹿为食[7][8]

史密森尼学会收藏有基奈半岛狼的一块头骨标本,编号为「USNM 147471」[9]

历史

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1941年,基奈半島狼被戈德曼划分为阿拉斯加州四个灰狼亚种之一[1]。2005年出版的《世界哺乳動物》也將其認定為灰狼的一個亚种[10]

20世纪前,牠们在基奈半岛上很常见。然而,1895年,基奈半岛开采出金矿,引发淘金热。惧怕狂犬病的矿工随即开始滥杀狼群。至1915年,狼群绝迹[11][12][13]。1925年,基奈半岛狼被宣布灭绝[14]

基奈半島狼绝迹五十年后,1960年代,基奈半岛被发现有狼群重新定居[15]。尽管如此,基因组学研究表明,现有狼群与原基奈半岛狼的遗传相似性很小。因此,可以认为该亚种已经绝灭[16]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Goldman, E. A. 1941 Sep 30. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 54: 109.
  2. ^ Canis lupus alces Goldman, 1941. ITIS. 
  3. ^ Weckworth, Byron V.; Talbot, Sandra; Sage, George K.; Person, David K.; Cook, Joseph. A Signal for Independent Coastal and Continental histories among North American wolves (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 2005, 14 (4): 917–31 [2021-02-02]. PMID 15773925. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02461.x. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-19). 
  4. ^ Fun Kenai Peninsula Wolf Facts For Kids. [2023-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-03). 
  5. ^ Kenai Peninsula Wolf. lookseek. [2021-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-03). 
  6. ^ Kenai Peninsula Wolf. FactRepublic. [2023-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-19). 
  7. ^ Goldman EA. 1944. Classification of wolves: part II. Pages 389– 636 in Young SP, Goldman EA, editors. The wolves of North America. Washington, D.C.: The American Wildlife Institute.
  8. ^ L. David Mech, The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species, The Natural History Press, 1970, Appendix A page 2
  9. ^ Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Canis lupus alces Goldman, 1941. 
  10. ^ Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 575–577. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494.  NLC 001238428. url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA576
  11. ^ Peterson, R.O. and J.D. Woolington. 1982. The apparent extirpation and reappearance of wolves on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Pages 334-344 in Harrington, F.H. and P.C. Paquet (eds.). Wolves of the world. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 474 pp
  12. ^ Palmer, L. J. 1938. Kenai Peninsula moose. Research Project Report, Bureau of Biological Survey-Sept.-Oct. 1938. Unpubl. report, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge files, 24 pp,typewritten
  13. ^ Effects of Increased Human Populations on. Wildlife Resources of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Edward E. Bangs. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1982 [1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  14. ^ Charles Bergman. Wild Echoes: Encounters With the Most Endangered Animals in North America. University of Illinois Press. 2003: 256– [2021-02-02]. ISBN 978-0-252-07125-6. (原始内容存档于2020-08-02). 
  15. ^ Peterson, Rolf O., et al. “Wolves of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.” Wildlife Monographs, no. 88, 1984, pp. 3–52. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3830728. Accessed 3 Feb. 2021.
  16. ^ Sand Håkan, Wikenros Camilla, Wabakken Petter and Liberg Olof 2006Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn?Proc. R. Soc. B.2731421–1427 http://doi.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3447
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