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3-磷酸甘油酸

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3-磷酸甘油酸
IUPAC名
(2R)-2-Hydroxy-3-phosphonooxypropanoic acid
识别
CAS号 820-11-1  checkY
PubChem 439183
ChemSpider 388326
SMILES
 
  • C([C@H](C(=O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O
ChEBI 17794
性质
化学式 C3H7O7P
摩尔质量 186.06 g·mol−1
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

3-磷酸甘油酸（英語：3-phosphoglycerate, 3PG或glycerate 3-phosphate GP）是生物細胞中常見的分子之一，也是糖解作用與卡爾文循環過程裡的中間產物。(註：在卡爾文循環當中簡寫為PGA)

在糖解作用中，3-磷酸甘油酸是由1,3-雙磷酸甘油酸在磷酸甘油酸激酶（Phosphoglycerate kinase）的催化中產生的。每一分子3-雙磷酸甘油酸會使一分子的ADP轉變成為的ATP，原理是接在1,3-雙磷酸甘油酸上的兩個磷酸根，其中有一個轉移到ADP之上。這個反應需要鎂離子（Mg2+）的幫助。

接下來3-磷酸甘油酸將會在磷酸甘油酸變位酶（Phosphoglycerate）的催化下生成2-磷酸甘油酸，在此反應中，原本接在3-磷酸甘油酸，即己催化，下生成2-磷酸甘油酸的碳上的磷酸根，將會轉移到變位酶上；然後原本在變位酶上的磷酸根，則會接到3-磷酸甘油酸的碳上，反應前後的變位酶整體結構沒有變化。與上一步驟相同，此反應同樣需要Mg2+

糖酵解

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主条目：糖酵解

在糖酵解途径中，1,3-二磷酸甘油酸在偶联反应中去磷酸化形成 3-磷酸甘油酸，通过底物水平磷酸化产生两个ATP 。 [1] 然后，3-PGA 分子上留下的单个磷酸基团从末端碳移动到中心碳，产生 2-磷酸甘油酸酯。这种磷酸基重定位由磷酸甘油酸变位酶催化，该酶也催化逆反应。 [2]

卡尔文-本森循环

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在不依赖于光的反应（也称为卡尔文-本森循环）中，合成了两个 3-磷酸甘油酸分子。 RuBP是一种 5 碳糖，在rubisco酶的催化下进行碳固定，变成不稳定的 6 碳中间体。 然后，该中间体被裂解成两个独立的 3-碳 3-PGA 分子。 [3] 所得 3-PGA 分子之一继续通过 Calvin-Benson 循环再生为 RuBP，而另一个则通过两个步骤还原形成一分子甘油醛 3-磷酸(G3P)：将 3-PGA磷酸化为1， 3-二磷酸甘油酸通过磷酸甘油酸激酶（与糖酵解中的反应相反）生成，随后由甘油醛 3-磷酸脱氢酶催化生成 G3P。 [4] [5] [6] G3P 最终反应形成糖，如葡萄糖或果糖或更复杂的淀粉。 [7] :156[4] [5]

氨基酸合成

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3-磷酸甘油酯（由 3-磷酸甘油酸形成）也是丝氨酸的前体，丝氨酸反过来又可以通过同型半胱氨酸循环产生半胱氨酸和甘氨酸。 [8] [9] [10]

测量

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3-磷酸甘油酸可以使用纸色谱[11]以及柱色谱和其他色谱分离方法来分离和测量。 [12] 它可以使用气相色谱法和液相色谱质谱法进行鉴定，并已针对使用串联质谱技术的评估进行了优化。 [13] [14] [15]

参考文献

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  10. ^ Hanford, J.; Davies, D.D. Formation of Phosphoserine from 3-Phosphoglycerate in Higher Plants. Nature. 1958, 182 (4634): 532–533. Bibcode:1958Natur.182..532H. S2CID 4192791. doi:10.1038/182532a0. Hanford, J.; Davies, D.D. (1958). "Formation of Phosphoserine from 3-Phosphoglycerate in Higher Plants". Nature. 182 (4634): 532–533. Bibcode:1958Natur.182..532H （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. doi:10.1038/182532a0. S2CID 4192791.
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  14. ^ Shibayama, J.; Yuzyuk, T.N.; Cox, J.; et al. Metabolic Remodeling in Moderate Synchronous versus Dyssynchronous Pacing-Induced Heart Failure: Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics Study. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (3): e0118974. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018974S. PMC 4366225 可免费查阅. PMID 25790351. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118974 可免费查阅. Shibayama, J.; Yuzyuk, T.N.; Cox, J.; et al. (2015). "Metabolic Remodeling in Moderate Synchronous versus Dyssynchronous Pacing-Induced Heart Failure: Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics Study". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0118974. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018974S （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118974. PMC 4366225. PMID 25790351 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
  15. ^ Xu, J.; Zhai, Y.; Feng, L. An optimized analytical method for cellular targeted quantification of primary metabolites in tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in three kinds of hepatic cell lines. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2019, 171: 171–179. PMID 31005043. S2CID 125170446. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.022. Xu, J.; Zhai, Y.; Feng, L. (2019). "An optimized analytical method for cellular targeted quantification of primary metabolites in tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in three kinds of hepatic cell lines". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 171: 171–179. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.022. PMID 31005043 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. S2CID 125170446.
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3-磷酸甘油酸&oldid=84645326”
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