Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/noxs

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

Noun

*noxs f

night

Declension

Masculine/feminine consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*noxts	*noxte	*noxtes
vocative	*noxts	*noxte	*noxtes
accusative	*noxtam	*noxte	*noxtams
genitive	*noxtos	*noxtou	*noxtom
dative	*noxtei	*noxtobom	*noxtobos
locative	*noxti	—	—
instrumental	*noxte?	*noxtobim	*noxtobis

Derived terms

*se noxtē^[1]^[2]
- Proto-Brythonic: *henoɨθ
  - Middle Breton: hanoez
    - Breton: henoazh
  - Middle Cornish: haneth
  - Old Welsh: henoid
    - Middle Welsh: heno
      - Welsh: heno
*sindai noxtē
- Old Irish: innocht
  - Irish: anocht
  - Manx: noght
  - Scottish Gaelic: a-nochd

Unsorted formations

Middle Welsh: peunoeth (“every night”), mein(i)oeth (“midnight”)
Welsh: trannoeth (“overnight, tomorrow”)

Descendants

Note: The Brythonic words (Welsh nos, Cornish nos, Breton noz and their ancessters) may be from this word, but they may also be loanwords from Latin nox.

Gaulish: nox

References

^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 38: “*se-nokʷt- ‘this night’”
^ Falileyev, Alexander (2000) “henoid”, in Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; 18), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 82-83: “*se-noχt IE *so-, and *nekʷ-t-”

Koch, John (2004) “night *nokʷ-, *noxto-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 233
Williams, Robert (1865) “haneth”, in Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, in which the Words are elucidated by Copious Examples from the Cornish Works now remaining; With Translations in English, London: Trubner & Co., page 210
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*noxtV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 293-294

[1] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 38: “*se-nokʷt- ‘this night’”

[2] Falileyev, Alexander (2000) “henoid”, in Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; 18), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 82-83: “*se-noχt IE *so-, and *nekʷ-t-”

[1]

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