are

See also: Appendix:Variations of "are"

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English aren, from Old English earun, earon (“are”), reinforced by Old Norse plural forms in er- (displacing alternative Old English sind and bēoþ), from Proto-Germanic *arun (“(they) are”), from Proto-Germanic *esi/*izi (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).

Cognate with Old Norse eru (“(they) are”) (> Icelandic eru (“(they) are”), Swedish äro (“(they) are”), Danish er (“(they) are”)), Old English eart (“(thou) art”). More at art.

Alternative forms

• ar (obsolete)

Pronunciation

Stressed

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
• (General American) enPR: ar, IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɐː/
• (Northern England, Wales) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /aː(ɹ)/
• (Canada, Ireland) IPA^(key): /aɹ/, /äːɹ/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /äɹ/, /äɾ/
• (now dialectal) IPA^(key): /ɛə(ɹ)/, /ɛː(ɹ)/
• (proscribed, rare, due to confusion with "our") IPA^(key): /aʊɚ/, /aʊə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Homophones: argh, r, our
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Unstressed

• (Received Pronunciation, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ə(ɹ)/
• (General American) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɚ/

Verb

are

1. second-person singular simple present of be

   Mary, where are you going?

2. first-person plural simple present of be

   We are not coming.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)‎^[2]:

     Here we are!

     Audio (US):

     (file)

3. second-person plural simple present of be

   Mary and John, are you listening?

4. third-person plural simple present of be

   They are here somewhere.

5. (East Yorkshire, Midlands) present of be

Usage notes

• The pronunciation /aʊɚ/ arising from confusion of "are" and "our" is rare; however, it occasionally occurs due to the fact that the latter can be elided into /ɑɹ/ in quick speech.

Synonyms

• (second-person singular): (archaic) art (used with thou)

See also

other forms of verb be

• am
• art
• be
• been
• beest
• being
• is
• was
• wast
• were
• wert

 

Etymology 2

From French are.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɛə/, /ɛː/
• (General American) enPR: âr, IPA^(key): /ɛəɹ/, /ɛɹ/
• Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
• Homophones: air, Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, err (one pronunciation); e'er

Noun

are (plural ares)

2. (rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

Usage notes

• Are is now rarely used except in its derivative hectare.

Synonyms

• (SI unit): (rare) square decametre

Derived terms

• centiare
• decare
• hectare
• milliare

 

Translations

unit of area

• Armenian: ար (hy) (ar)
• Bashkir: ар (ar); land area сутый (sutıy)
• Catalan: àrea (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 公畝 / 公亩 (zh) (gōngmǔ)

• Czech: ar (cs) m
• Danish: ar (da)
• Dutch: are (nl) m
• Estonian: aar (et)
• Finnish: aari (fi)
• French: are (fr) m
• Galician: área (gl) f
• German: Ar (de) n
• Greek: άρια (el) n (ária)
• Hungarian: ár (hu)
• Ingrian: sotka
• Irish: ár m
• Italian: ara (it) f
• Japanese: アール (ja) (āru)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ar (ku) f

• Latvian: ārs m
• Macedonian: ар m (ar)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ar (no) n

  Nynorsk: ar n

• Occitan: ara (oc) f
• Ottoman Turkish: آر
• Polish: ar (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: are (pt) m
• Romanian: ar (ro) n
• Russian: ар (ru) m (ar)
• Slovak: ár m
• Spanish: área (es) f
• Swedish: ar (sv) c
• Tagalog: arya
• Turkish: ar (tr)
• Vietnamese: a (vi)

Further reading

Are on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 3

From the phonetic similarity between our and are in many English dialects (both /ɑː(ɹ)/).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Determiner

are

1. (UK, US) Misspelling of our.

Usage notes

Sometimes used deliberately as a form of classist humour, as a mocking imitation of a person with little education.

Anagrams

• 'ear, ear, Rea, rea, EAR, REA, aer-, ReA, aër-, Aer, ERA, era, Rae

Basque

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *arhe.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /aɾe/ [a.ɾe]
• Rhymes: -aɾe
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Noun

are inan

1. rake

Declension

Declension of are (inanimate, ending in vowel)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	are	area	areak
ergative	arek	areak	areek
dative	areri	areari	areei
genitive	areren	arearen	areen
comitative	arerekin	arearekin	areekin
causative	arerengatik	arearengatik	areengatik
benefactive	arerentzat	arearentzat	areentzat
instrumental	arez	areaz	areez
inessive	aretan	arean	areetan
locative	aretako	areko	areetako
allative	aretara	arera	areetara
terminative	aretaraino	areraino	areetaraino
directive	aretarantz	arerantz	areetarantz
destinative	aretarako	arerako	areetarako
ablative	aretatik	aretik	areetatik
partitive	arerik	—	—
prolative	aretzat	—	—

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French are, from Latin ārea.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaː.rə/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: are
• Rhymes: -aːrə

Noun

are f (plural aren or ares)

1. are, a unit of surface area

Derived terms

• hectare

Descendants

• → Indonesian: are
• → Papiamentu: are

French

Etymology

Learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground. Doublet of aire.

Pronunciation

• Homophone: art

Noun

are m (plural ares)

1. an are

Related terms

• aire
• aréage

 

Descendants

• Danish: ar
• Norwegian Bokmål: ar

Further reading

• “are”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch are, from French are, from Latin ārea. Doublet of area.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈarə]
• Hyphenation: arê

Noun

arê (uncountable)

1. are: an SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent.

Related terms

• area
• areal
• hektare

 

Further reading

• “are” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.re/
• Homophone: -are (infinitive verb suffix)
• Rhymes: -are
• Hyphenation: à‧re

Etymology 1

Variant of aere.

Noun

are m (plural ari)

1. (archaic) Alternative form of aere

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

are f pl

1. plural of ara

Anagrams

• -erà, Era, Rea, era, rea

Japanese

Romanization

are

1. Rōmaji transcription of あれ

Latin

Verb

ārē

1. second-person singular present active imperative of āreō

References

• “are”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Lindu

Noun

are

1. long, large sickle

Mapudungun

Noun

are (Raguileo spelling)

1. warmth, heat

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Article

are

1. genitive/dative feminine of an

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

1. (chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Etymology 3

Noun

are

1. Alternative form of hare (“hare”)

Etymology 4

Noun

are

1. (Northern or Early Middle English) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)

Etymology 5

Noun

are

1. (Northern) Alternative form of ore (“oar”)

Etymology 6

Verb

are

1. Alternative form of aren

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Perhaps from a Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German verb.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

are (present tense arar, past tense ara, past participle ara, passive infinitive arast, present participle arande, imperative are/ar)

1. (reflexive) to suit, fit

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

1. (dialectal) alternative form of andre

Adjective

are

1. (dialectal) alternative form of andre

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

are

1. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) white-tailed eagle

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːre/

Noun

āre f

1. honor, glory, grace

Declension

Weak:

	singular	plural
nominative	āre	āran
accusative	āran	āran
genitive	āran	ārena
dative	āran	ārum

Noun

āre

1. dative singular of ār (“messenger, herald; angel; missionary”)

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from Proto-Germanic *ausô.

Noun

are n

1. ear

Inflection

Declension of āre (neuter n-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	āre	ārene, ārne
genitive	āra	ārana, ārena
dative	āra	ārum, ārem ārenum, ārenem
accusative	āre	ārene, ārne

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr: uar

  Hallig, Mooring: uur

  Helgoland: Uaar

• Saterland Frisian: Oor
• West Frisian: ear

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀅𑀭𑁂 (Brahmi script)
• अरे (Devanagari script)
• অরে (Bengali script)
• අරෙ (Sinhalese script)
• အရေ or ဢရေ (Burmese script)
• อเร or อะเร (Thai script)
• ᩋᩁᩮ (Tai Tham script)
• ອເຣ or ອະເຣ (Lao script)
• អរេ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄢𑄬 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

are

1. wow, whoa
2. yay

Derived terms

• re

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾe/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾɨ/

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -aɾi, (Portugal) -aɾɨ
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Etymology 1

Noun

are m (plural ares)

1. (historical) are (unit of area)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

are

1. inflection of arar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Cf. Latin habēret, habuerit. Compare Aromanian ari. See also Romanian ar, used in a periphrastic construction of the conditional.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈare/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -are
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Verb

are

1. third-person singular present indicative of avea

See also

• a

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English are, from Old English ār (“honor, worth, dignity”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from *ais- (“to honour, respect, revere”).

Cognate with Dutch eer (“honour, credit”), German Ehre (“honour, glory”), Latin erus (“master, professor”).

Noun

are (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) grace; mercy

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾe/ [ˈa.ɾe]
• Rhymes: -aɾe
• Syllabification: a‧re

Verb

are

1. inflection of arar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈɾe/ [ʔɐˈɾɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: a‧re

Pronoun

aré (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒ) (chiefly Batangas, Mindoro, Marinduque)

1. Alternative form of ari: this one; this

   Synonyms: (Manila) ito, (Central Luzon) ire, (Central Luzon) ere

   Ano ga are? ― What is this?

See also

Tagalog demonstrative pronouns

	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)	Locative (nasa)	Existential	Manner (gaya ng)
Near speaker*	ari/are, iri/ire/idi, yari**	nari/nare, niri/nire/nidi, niyari†	dini/dine	nandini, narini, nairi/naidi, naari	ere/eri, here/heri, ayri	ganari, ganiri, garini(garni), gayari†
Near speaker and listener*	ito	nito	dito	nandito, narito, naito**	heto, eto, ayto†	ganito, garito(garto)**
Near listener	iyan, yaan	niyan	diyan/diyaan	nandiyan/nandiyaan, nariyan(naryan), nayan/nayaan**, naiyan‡	hayan, ayan	ganiyan(ganyan), gay-an**, gariyan**
Remote	iyon, yoon, yaon†	niyon, noon, niyaon†	doon	nandoon, naron/naroon**, nayon/nayoon**, nayaon‡	hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun	ganoon, gayon, gay-on, gayoon‡,garoon‡
*These two series have merged in modern Tagalog. The first row is used in some dialects, the second row is used anywhere else. **These pronouns are used in some dialects. †These pronouns are not commonly used in casual speech but more prevalent in literature. ‡Rare in text.

Anagrams

• -era

Tangam

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *a-lə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la.

Noun

are

1. (anatomy) foot, leg

References

• Mark W. Post (2017) The Tangam Language: Grammar, Lexicon and Texts, →ISBN

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.ɾe]

Verb

are

1. (transitive) to scratch

Conjugation

Conjugation of are
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toare	foare	miare
2nd	noare	niare
3rd	Masculine	oare	iare, yoare†
Feminine	moare
Neuter	iare
† - archaic

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Toraja-Sa'dan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qazay.

Noun

are

1. ant

Venetan

Noun

are

1. plural of ara

Wolof

Noun

are (definite form are bi)

1. stop, especially a bus stop

Yilan Creole

Etymology

From Japanese あれ (are, “that”).

Pronoun

are

1. third person singular pronoun
2. that (person or object)

Synonyms

• (third person singular pronoun): (Hanhsi) zibun, zin

Coordinate terms

• (that):
  • kore, are, dore
  • koci, aci, doko
  • kono, ano, dono
  • konna no, anna no, donna no
  • konnasite, annasite, donnasite

Derived terms

• (third person singular pronoun): aretaci, ataci

References

• Chien Yuehchen (2015) “The lexical system of Yilan Creole”, in New Advances in Formosan Linguistics‎^[3], pages 513-532
• Chien Yuehchen (2018) “日本語を上層とする 宜蘭クレオールの人称代名詞”, in 日本語の研究‎^[4], volume 14, number 4
• Chien Yuehchen (2019) “日本語を上層とする 宜蘭クレオールの指示詞”, in 社会言語科学 [The Japanese Journal of Language in Society]‎^[5], volume 21, number 2, pages 50-65

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.ɾē/

Noun

àre

1. vindication, justification; justice
2. excuse, pardon

Derived terms

• dáre (“to vindicate”)
• jàre (“please, pardon me”)
• káre (“well done!”)

Etymology 2

From the same root as eré, iré, and uré, see Proto-Yoruba *V-ré

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.ɾé/

Noun

aré

1. Alternative form of eré (“running, race”)
2. Alternative form of eré (“speed”)
3. Alternative form of eré (“play, pastime”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.ɾē/

Noun

àre

1. miserableness; the state of being miserable and aimless

Derived terms

• ráre (“to walk around aimlessly”)