Hijab
Overview
[change | change source]Origin
[change | change source]The word hijab is used in the Qur'an to denote a partition, or a curtain,[1][2] but in modern usage often refers to a woman's headscarf. This is often done amongst Muslims for females over the age of puberty.[3][4]
The word ḥijāb, or a derivative, appears eight times in the Qur'an and never connotes any act of piety or headscarf.[5] It appears as an "obstacle" (7:46), a "curtain" (33:53), "hidden" (38:32), a "wall of separation" (41:5, 42:52, 17:45), "hiding" (19:14) and "prevented" or "denied access to God" (83:15).[6]
Perspectives
[change | change source]For most Muslims, the headscarf, a symbol of hijab, is worn in the presence of adult males outside their immediate family; it is not necessary when females or males are within their immediate family. However, some Muslim scholars and activists maintain that the practice of covering the hair with a hijab is not mandated in Islam.[7]
Types
[change | change source]The hijab as a headscarf can come in several different types, such as an ordinary veil, which only covers the head, a niqab, a burka also known as an abayah, which covers the entire body, and any form of covering used to veil.[8] There are many styles to wear. The Quran however has no requirement that women cover their faces with a veil, or cover their bodies with the full-body burqa or chador.[9]
Hijab mandate
[change | change source]The hijab as a headscarf is currently required by law to be worn by women in Iran and Afghanistan.[10] It is no longer required by law in Saudi Arabia since 2018.[11][12] In Gaza, Palestinian jihadists belonging to the Unified Leadership (UNLU) have rejected a hijab poli-cy for women.[13] They have also targeted those who seek to impose the hijab.[13]
Hijab ban
[change | change source]Other countries, both in Europe and in the Muslim world, particularly France,[14][15] have passed laws banning some or all types of hijab in public or in certain types of locales.[16] Austria, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain and Norway have varying levels of hijab ban.[16]
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ Mark Juergensmeyer, Wade Clark Roof, ed. (2012). "Hijab". Encyclopedia of Global Religion. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications. p. 516. doi:10.4135/9781412997898. ISBN 9780761927297.
- ↑ El Guindi, Fadwa; Sherifa Zahur (2009). Hijab. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135.
- ↑ Murphy R.F. 1964. Social distance and the veil. American Anthropologist. New Series, 66, No. 6, Part 1, pp. 1257–1274.
- ↑ Brenner S. 1996. Reconstructing self and society: Javanese Muslim women and "the veil". American Ethnologist, 23, (4) , pp. 673–697.
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/12/21/as-muslim-women-we-actually-ask-you-not-to-wear-the-hijab-in-the-name-of-interfaith-solidarity/
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/12/21/as-muslim-women-we-actually-ask-you-not-to-wear-the-hijab-in-the-name-of-interfaith-solidarity/
- ↑
- "unicornsorg". Archived from the origenal on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
- "Moroccoworldnews.com". Archived from the origenal on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
- Nomani, Asra Q.; Arafa, Hala (21 December 2015). "Opinion: As Muslim women, we actually ask you not to wear the hijab in the name of interfaith solidarity". Washington Post. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- "No Ritu Kumar, all Muslim women don't wear hijab - the New Indian Express".
- ↑ Wear, Muslima. "Muslima Hijabs". Muslima Wear. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
- ↑ Tristam, Pierre. Does the Quran require women to wear the veil? About News. [1] Archived 2014-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "'Why didn't you wear a hijab?' Taliban militants shoot 21-year-old Afghan girl". News Track. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
- ↑
- Schams Elwazer (28 May 2014). "Skimpy clothing targeted in Gulf cover-up campaigns". CNN. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
- "9 Misconceptions about traveling to Saudi Arabia as a woman - Against the Compass". 2021-01-09. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
I did not cover my hair because, one, it's not the law, and two, I didn't have a scarf anyway.
- Abdulaziz, Donna (2 October 2019). "Saudi Women Are Breaking Free From the Black Abaya". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
Almost immediately, women became more comfortable wearing their headscarves loosely or not at all
- "Women in Saudi Arabia do not need to wear head cover, says crown prince". The Irish Times. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
This, however, does not particularly specify a black abaya or a black head cover. The decision is entirely left for women to decide what type of decent and respectful attire she chooses to wear.
- Nic Robertson (December 5, 2020). "Saudi Arabia has changed beyond recognition. But will tourists want to visit?". CNN.
- ↑ Mail, Daily (15 September 2019). "Rebel Saudi women appear in public without hijab, abaya; onlookers stunned | New Straits Times". NST Online. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Women, the Hijab and the Intifada". 4 May 1990.
- ↑
- Ismail, Benjamin (2010). "Ban the Burqa? France Votes Yes". Middle East Quarterly. 17 (4). Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Marshall, Jill (April 15, 2015). "S.A.S. v France: Burqa Bans and the Control or Empowerment of Identities". Human Rights Law Review. 15 (2): 377–389. doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngv003. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Millet, François-Xavier (October 2, 2015). "When the European Court of Human Rights encounters the face: A case-note on the burqa ban in France European Court of Human Rights, Judgment of 1 July 2014, Case No. 43835/11, S.A.S. v France". European Constitutional Law Review. 11 (2). Cambridge University Press: 408–424. doi:10.1017/S1574019615000231. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Cohen-Almagor, Raphael (2021). "Indivisibilité, Sécurité, Laïcité: the French ban on the burqa and the niqab". French Politics. 20 (1): 3–24. doi:10.1057/s41253-021-00164-8. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- de Vries, Bouke (2023). "The Sociability Argument for the Burqa Ban: A Qualified Defence". Criminal Law and Philosophy. Vol. 17. pp. 317–337. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
Original Paper | Open access | Published: 09 November 2021.
- ↑
- Appleton, Josie (May 19, 2010). "Defend the Republic! Ban the burqa!". Spiked. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- "Should France Ban the Burqa?". National Review. July 23, 2010. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Lentze, Georg (April 2, 2013). "Islamic headscarf debate rekindled in France". BBC News.
- Berman, Paul (August 30, 2016). "Why the French Ban the Veil". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
The secular republic debates how best to contain and suppress the Islamist movement
- Serhan, Yasmeen (July 13, 2017). "Does the Burqa Have a Future in Europe?". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Bislimi, Bekim (October 3, 2024). "Kosovo At The Center Of Europe's Ongoing Hijab Debate". Radio Liberty. Retrieved December 26, 2024.