The core principle of the agricultural sector in Rwanda is to move from subsistence farming to commercial farming, and institutionally speaking, moving from a government led sector to a private led agriculture sector. The new economic and poverty reduction strategy of the country identifies agriculture as an important job creation and economic transformation sector. Agriculture already contributes to 35% to Gross Domestic Product with an annual growth of more 5%.

More extreme climate events expected in the coming years challenge the design of structures and water availability in general.

Although the highest cash crops are also highly perishable, only tomatoes, chili, stevia and passion seem to have a reliable market outlet. The less profitable staple foods have a steadier price in the market considering the national export strategy. Generally the industrial sector in Rwanda is considered weak with a limited contribution to poverty alleviation.