Nicaragua remains the second-poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, despite averaging over four percent GDP growth annually since 1995. Nicaragua's GDP per capita reached approximately $2,100 in 2021. About 30 percent of the population lived below the poverty line in 2020. The country's unemployment rate reached nearly 6.0 percent in 2021.

USAID’s regional activity provides HIV assistance to Nicaragua, and USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) provides humanitarian aid in vulnerable communities in Nicaragua.