Journal einstein (São Paulo)
einstein (São Paulo) is an Open Access, peer-reviewed journal publishing exceptional work that advances our understanding of medicine and health-based research across several specialties and disciplines. This cross disciplinary approach to health research dissemination is a critical part of making basic, translational and clinical research findings available to the community. einstein (São Paulo) is the official scientific publication of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, and due to this sponsorship, there are no fees or article processing charges to the authors.
We are a general medical journal that publishes outstanding research in the areas outlined below, as well as others:
. Basic and Translational Research
. Clinical Medicine
. Surgery
. OB/GYN
. Pediatrics
. Primary Care/Family Health
. Multi-professional
. Health Economics & Management
. Data Sciences, eHealth, and Health Engineering
einstein (São Paulo) publishes material under the categories of Original Article, Health Economics and Management, Case Report, Review, Learning by Images, Letters to the Editor, and Special Articles.
The journal’s electronic format, e-ISSN 2317-6385, operates under a continuous publication model.
Website: https://journal.einstein.br/
Editor-in-Chief: Kenneth John Gollob and Claudio Roberto Cernea
Scientific Editor: Jacyr Pasternak
Managing Editor: Edna Terezinha Rother
Editor Emeritus: Sidney Glina
revista@einstein.br
We are a general medical journal that publishes outstanding research in the areas outlined below, as well as others:
. Basic and Translational Research
. Clinical Medicine
. Surgery
. OB/GYN
. Pediatrics
. Primary Care/Family Health
. Multi-professional
. Health Economics & Management
. Data Sciences, eHealth, and Health Engineering
einstein (São Paulo) publishes material under the categories of Original Article, Health Economics and Management, Case Report, Review, Learning by Images, Letters to the Editor, and Special Articles.
The journal’s electronic format, e-ISSN 2317-6385, operates under a continuous publication model.
Website: https://journal.einstein.br/
Editor-in-Chief: Kenneth John Gollob and Claudio Roberto Cernea
Scientific Editor: Jacyr Pasternak
Managing Editor: Edna Terezinha Rother
Editor Emeritus: Sidney Glina
revista@einstein.br
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Volume 23 by Journal einstein (São Paulo)
A 32-year-old man with renal hyperparathyroidism was referred for surgical treatment after exhausting clinical measures for metabolic control.(1,2) Combined analysis of neck ultrasound (Figure 1) and Sestamibi (Figure 2)/SPECT-CT (Figure 3) findings enabled the identification of three possible enlarged parathyroid glands.(3) The right and left superior parathyroid glands were located in their usual positions beneath the thyroid gland, while the right inferior parathyroid gland was found in the upper mediastinum.
(...)
Dear Editor,
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is an essential support in severe cases.(1) Data obtained through expiratory and inspiratory pause maneuvers on mechanical ventilators during spontaneous breathing in adult IMV patients have been shown to aid prevention of patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI).(2,3)
(...)
A 53-years old white women was presented with a four-weeks history of unsteady gait, followed by mental confusion and progressive memory loss. Neurological examination revealed axial ataxia, short-term memory loss, and brisk deep tendon reflexes in all limbs. Brain MRI (Figure 1) revealed a diffusion signal abnormality involving the bilateral caudate heads and putamen, with no cortical changes. Cerebrospinal fuid (CSF) analysis showed 1 cells per μL, protein content of 25.5 mg/dL, and glucose content of 58 mg/dL. Eletroencefalograma revealed no periodic sharp wave complexes. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) test and 14-3-3 protein detection in the CSF were both positive. Eight weeks later, multifocal myoclonus developed, and death occurred shortly thereafter.
(...)
Dear Editor,
We read with interest the article by Costa et al.,(1) which demonstrated that individuals who consistently wear face masks have a lower likelihood of carrying a high viral load after contracting severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared to those who do not regularly wear masks. This finding strongly supports the recommendation of face mask usage during periods of high viral circulation in outdoor crowded places, particularly among individuals at higher risk of developing more aggressive forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as frail and immunocompromised people. However, some methodological considerations merit attention.
(...)
Volume 22 by Journal einstein (São Paulo)
Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under ID CRD42021227231.
A 32-year-old man with renal hyperparathyroidism was referred for surgical treatment after exhausting clinical measures for metabolic control.(1,2) Combined analysis of neck ultrasound (Figure 1) and Sestamibi (Figure 2)/SPECT-CT (Figure 3) findings enabled the identification of three possible enlarged parathyroid glands.(3) The right and left superior parathyroid glands were located in their usual positions beneath the thyroid gland, while the right inferior parathyroid gland was found in the upper mediastinum.
(...)
Dear Editor,
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is an essential support in severe cases.(1) Data obtained through expiratory and inspiratory pause maneuvers on mechanical ventilators during spontaneous breathing in adult IMV patients have been shown to aid prevention of patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI).(2,3)
(...)
A 53-years old white women was presented with a four-weeks history of unsteady gait, followed by mental confusion and progressive memory loss. Neurological examination revealed axial ataxia, short-term memory loss, and brisk deep tendon reflexes in all limbs. Brain MRI (Figure 1) revealed a diffusion signal abnormality involving the bilateral caudate heads and putamen, with no cortical changes. Cerebrospinal fuid (CSF) analysis showed 1 cells per μL, protein content of 25.5 mg/dL, and glucose content of 58 mg/dL. Eletroencefalograma revealed no periodic sharp wave complexes. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) test and 14-3-3 protein detection in the CSF were both positive. Eight weeks later, multifocal myoclonus developed, and death occurred shortly thereafter.
(...)
Dear Editor,
We read with interest the article by Costa et al.,(1) which demonstrated that individuals who consistently wear face masks have a lower likelihood of carrying a high viral load after contracting severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared to those who do not regularly wear masks. This finding strongly supports the recommendation of face mask usage during periods of high viral circulation in outdoor crowded places, particularly among individuals at higher risk of developing more aggressive forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as frail and immunocompromised people. However, some methodological considerations merit attention.
(...)
Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under ID CRD42021227231.
A 70-year-old man with liver cirrhosis underwent follow-up examinations at our hospital while awaiting liver transplantation. His medical history included an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to the rupture of esophageal varices approximately a year ago.
His computed tomography (CT) showed signs of chronic liver disease with subacute portal vein thrombosis, cavernous transformation at the abdominal level, ascites, and right pleural effusion. Furthermore, multiple collateral vessels were observed, some of which ascended through the right hemidiaphragm to communicate with the pulmonary veins, which is consistent with transdiaphragmatic collateral circulation (Figure 1).
[…]
Dear Editor,
With this letter, we aim to supplement the data published by Colleti Junior et al.(1) Evaluating the global prevalence of validated delirium assessment tools and implementing delirium management protocols is essential.(2) Delirium often complicates the care of elderly patients in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and long-term care facilities, necessitating effective strategies to mitigate its effect on patient outcomes and recovery.(3)
[…]
Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under registration ID CRD42023416383.
Simulation-based education (SBE) in health professions education has been increasingly implemented across the world for the past two decades. There has also been a similar trend in Brazil, with SBE being widely implemented in most phases of education, from undergraduate to postgraduate to continued professional development. However, there are still many challenges concerning the effective use of SBE in Brazil, especially due to the low level of country-specific research that can inform its implementation. In this editorial, we will discuss the current challenges of researching SBE to inform best practice in Brazil and also propose a future research agenda to ensure SBE is more effective.
We conducted a search on the Web of Science using terms related to SBE and found a growth in the number of publications related to SBE. We identified 7,113 articles worldwide (Figure 1), but only 168 articles (Figure 2) were by Brazilian authors. We have also noticed that most publications from Brazil are published in Brazilian journals, but not in international journals. One possible explanation is the lack of authors’ proficiency in English and the fact that most publications in high impact journals only have native English speakers as co-authors.(1) Also, non-native speakers take more time to write and revise in English.(2) However, this also might be explained by the type of research that has been conducted in Brazil.
[…]
In common parlance, the term “initiation” may evoke images of secret ceremonies or mysterious rituals in which participants are inducted into hidden secrets. Far from esoteric practices and “mysterious” ceremonies, “Scientific Initiation”, or “Iniciação Científica”, as its known in Brazil, can be understood as an pedagogical activity that provides support for the early stages of undergraduate students’ scientific education. Unlike well-kept secrets, science is an open field accessible to all, and its methodology contributes to the development of critical thinking and the making of more informed decisions.
Scientific Initiation, as it is practiced in Brazil, contributes to “initiating” undergraduate students precisely because it serves as a first step towards the development of the so-called “scientific habitus”. “Habitus’’ is a concept developed by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu(1) to describe how individual experiences and interactions within a specific social setting gradually mold a person’s inclinations and choices. Habitus is a set of implicit dispositions that guide individual’s actions and choices in a specific social context. These dispositions are acquired over time through socialization and life experiences. As a result, they influence how a person acts and thinks without them necessarily being aware of it.
[…]
Dear Editor,
Research indicates that in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic there
was a decrease in number of tuberculosis diagnosis. This reduction has been
suggested to have occurred due to social distancing and more constant
hygiene routines, such as hand washing and sanitizing, as well as continued
use of masks.(1,2)
Dear Editor,
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic boosted Telemedicine encounters around the world, with physicians having to face a variety of clinical adversities daily. The conditions with a low level of scientific evidence to guide treatment, such as hiccups, are even more challenging in remote care. Hiccups (diaphragmatic and intercostal muscle contraction followed by laryngeal closure) are usually self-limited and benign after peripheral phrenic irritation. However, this symptom may be a life-threatening situation or related to severe diseases.(1) Our Telemedicine center evaluated 245,633 patients from January 2020 to April 2021, and 39 (0.016%) patients had hiccups as the main complaint. Although possible, we did not observe frequent serious situations; only 2 (5.1%) patients were referred to the emergency department immediately. A specific step-by-step guideline is suggested, and some tips and tricks may help low-risk patients. First key point is the remote detection of red flags, which requires a very detailed evaluation. (...)
Dear Editor,
The widespread use of face masks is an essential tool for slowing the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its adoption is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).() During the pandemic, several computed tomography scans of patients wearing face masks showed prominent nasal deformation, such as nasal septal deviations and nasal airway narrowing, which were absent in examinations of the same patients performed before the pandemic (). Therefore, care should be taken when evaluating the imaging examinations of the nasal region of patients wearing face masks.
Dear Editor,
The article “Endobronchial ultrasound: minimally invasive technology to aid in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases”,(1) contributes to technicaldiagnostic evolution of pulmonary lesions. Endobronchial ultrasound with a radial transducer enabled to perform cytopathological examination and transbronchial biopsy of small lung lesions. Bronchoscopic radial ultrasound and fluoroscopic images are usually combined procedures. The ability to target small peripheral lesions is technically complex due to the challenging localization of small airways in relation to lung lesions. (...)
Dear Editor,
In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Surgical Safety Checklist as part of the Global Patient Safety Challenge to reduce surgical morbidity and mortality worldwide. The list comprises three stages: before induction of anesthesia (sign in), before skin incision (timeout), and before patient leaves operating room (sign out), which consider the regular flow of surgical procedures.(1)
The checklist is a simple and cheap intervention that may avoid half of
postoperative deaths.(2) If the implementation is carefully performed and all those involved understand the working process in the operating room, it may result in improvements. However, despite favorable evidence, the generalized adoption of the Surgical Safety Checklist has been inconsistent.(3)
Assessment of novel technologies in healthcare - definition and importance
New health technologies, such as new medications, products, equipment, and vaccines, are constantly produced. The traditional development of new health technologies is a lenghty and high-cost process, including pre-clinical development phases (in vitro and animal model studies) and clinical trials, traditionally divided into phases 1, 2 and 3. The registry of novel technologies must be required at the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa - Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária), only after the conclusion of clinical trials. The agency has a technical team responsible for evaluating and determining whether or not the novel technology can be introduced in the Brazilian market.(1)
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according to the Global Initiative for Asthma questionnaire, more than half of the sample did not notice the lack of asthma control.
Melanoma accounts for only approximately 5% of all skin cancer diagnoses worldwide, but it is very important due to its metastatic potential and the fact that it can lead to death.(1) In Brazil, in 2019, there were 1,978 deaths from the disease, and the estimate was 8,450 new cases for 2020.(2) A recently published study with Brazilian data showed that the mean incidence in men increased from 2.52 to 4.84, and in women, from 1.33 to 3.22 cases/100,000 inhabitants in the period from 2000 to 2013.(3) The best management for melanoma remains its early diagnosis and treatment, which is curative in 95% of cases, when located only in skin.(4) Failure to early diagnose a case of localized melanoma can bring many dire consequences to the patient. The longer the time lost to diagnosis, the worse the situation becomes. The impact on health care costs by the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde) increases exponentially in more advanced cases.
(...)
Dear Editor,
It has been well established in science that the mouth is an entry and site of replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Hence, oral health care and use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial products become relevant.(1) Recently the use of phthalocyanine derivative mouthwash (PDM), has been investigated, demonstrating in vitro activity in reduction of viral load of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to clinical improvement and less severe disease, with no reports of adverse effects in COVID-19 patients.(1,2)
(...)
At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began to spread in the city of Wuhan, China, causing an outbreak of a highly transmissible and potentially severe viral pneumonia. This novel coronavirus disease, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rapidly advanced all over the globe and was considered a pandemic in March 2020.(1,2) However, in a recent article, COVID-19 has been redefined as a syndemic, since a background of social and economic disparity increased the adverse effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with several non communicable diseases.(3) In an effort to reduce the increasing morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 across the world, societies are trying to limit the routine utilization of healthcare facilities, to reduce the associated deleterious impacts.(4,5)
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries in individuals aged over 50 years.(1) Aiming to better diagnose and monitor the disease, algorithms have been developed to detect lesions in optical coherence tomography (OCT). The ability of machine learning algorithms to detect OCT lesions may already be comparable to that of retina specialists.(2)
Dear Editor
I bring considerations as to the article, “Profile of patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in Primary Healthcare units.”(1) The importance of prevention and health promotion when related to chronic diseases is well known, making Primary Healthcare decisive and categorical, since it performs basic interventions involving harm reduction and health maintenance. Within the group of chronic diseases (2) diabetes mellitus and hypertension currently account for the main causes of mortality, a major global public health problem.(3)
(...)
Dear Editor,
A large part of the world’s population has become infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).(1) While most SARS CoV-2 infected individuals were asymptomatic or presented with mild symptoms, some were severely affected. The most common COVID-19 symptoms include fever, cough, pneumonia, dyspnea and acute lung injury. Although respiratory symptoms are more frequent, extrapulmonary conditions including coagulation disorders, cardiac injury, kidney failure, and metabolic disorder, can also occur in severe COVID-19. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an immune system overreaction, with high levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and free radicals, causing severe injuries to the lungs and other organs.(1,2) The uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 is called a cytokine storm, a hyperimmune state in patients with severe disease.
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A 15-year old women presented with a 6-month history of progressive right-hand tremor with functional impairment, aggravated by a 1-month history of episodic confusion.
(...)
Dear Editor,
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).(1) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 11 to 20 million people across the world fall ill because of typhoid, with mortality of 128,000 to 161,000 individuals each year.(2) The disease, caused by the Gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi, is transmitted through the oral consumption of a pathogenic portion of the bacterium, most often via infected food or water.(3) It can also be spread through personal contact due to unsanitary practices and contamination of water supply.(4)
primary immunodeficiency diseases. Conclusion: This study revealed limited awareness of primary immunodeficiency diseases among physicians working at Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. Although most physicians suspected primary immunodeficiency diseases in patients with a history of recurrent infections and frequent use of antibiotics, not all of them were familiar with the list of 10 warning signs proposed by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, nor were they able to describe ancillary tests requested in suspected cases.
Dear Editor,
Akerman et al.,(1) allude to possible usefulness of religious beliefs toward health. There were 69,333 publications on this subject indexed in PubMed® as by Aug 26, 2020, and the hard evidence for health gains to persons with religious convictions is not overwhelming, to say the least. According to Levin there are hints of association, but none that shows that the possible health gains are casual.(2)
(...)
Dear Editor,
The author of the letter aims to make explicit, through the evidence represented by the volume of publications, that religious beliefs can be “bad for your health.” We cannot refute such a statement. However, accepting it does not imply refusing the possibility that religion and religiosity act as protective factors. Religion, like other complex social practices, generally does not respect the dichotomies established by the reductions in our masterful ways of thinking.
Dear Editor,
Hemodialysis leads to sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with reduction of physical performance.(1) Likewise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used as strategy for improvement in muscle mass and strength.(2,3) We performed a prospective, short-term and single-arm study that evaluated adult men (38.18±12.86 years) undergoing hemodialysis for 40.73±36.98 months (Table 1). Of 15 patients, four women were excluded and 11 men met the inclusion criteria (Figure 1A). This study was approved by the Ethical Committee, protocol 1.919.324, CAAE: 51892915.6.0000.5083.
Dear Editor,
I have some considerations about the article “Epidemiology of hypertension in pregnant women”. The study is strongly based on evidence scientific, shows that health education is important in this scenario, and demonstrates that inappropriate individual and collective may be associated to onset of hypertension. The following factors are related to hypertension: advanced age, family history, preexisting hypertension, diabetes, obesity and consumption of ultra-processed foods, and strongly corroborate the need for health education. Nurses and physicians are the first professionals to have contact with the pregnant woman and should early identify the signs of complications of hypertensive pregnancy syndromes, using tools that guide the essential actions, not only in the biological aspect of the disease, but also addressing the pregnant woman in her singularity.
[…]
Dear Editor,
Szpak et al., demonstrated an expressive increase in expenses by the State Health Authority of Paraná associated to judicialization of access to tiotropium bromide for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the relevant individual financial impact provided by the drug. Based on these findings, the authors indicated the need to revise the clinical protocol of the disease, and insert new therapeutic options on the National Formulary of Essential Medicines. However, although we agree with this observation, we understand the rationale presented by the authors lacks more consistent evidence to guide the process of adding technologies to the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS – Sistema Único de Saúde ).
[…]
radiation and sunscreens. This review article brings together the most recent advances of these clays, the layered double hydroxides, applied to photoprotection.
survival. Pathologic complete response is a protective factor for these same survival analyses.
was carried out using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization. We used multivariate analysis and our human leukocyte antigen population was compared to data from the United States national bone marrow donor program. Human platelet antigen results were compared to a literature review and data from around the world. Results: Our human leukocyte antigen haplotype results were more similar to those of hispanics, followed by caucasians. Likewise, our human platelet antigen sample is more similar to those of Argentina, Rio Grande do Sul and Italy. Conclusion: This was the first article that discusses human platelet antigen and human leukocyte antigen data together. Rare genotypes or antibody associations can make patient management difficult. A blood bank with genotyped donors allows for optimal transfusion and can contribute to better results. Our information can serve as basis for a database of platelet antigen polymorphisms.
be related to contact before birth. Dental treatment and hygiene habits seem to influence the detection of S. mutans in samples of maternal saliva and colostrum.
pharmacodynamics correlation of vancomycin in pediatric patients, and to propose dose adjustment. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study, conducted in a pediatric hospital, over a 1-year period (2016 to 2017). Children of both sexes, aged 2 to 12 years, were included in the study; burn children, and children in renal replacement therapy were excluded.For the pharmacokinetic analysis, two samples of 2mL of whole blood were collected, respecting the 2-hour interval between each withdrawal. Results: Ten pediatric patients with median age of 5.5 years and interquartile range (IQR) of 3.2-9.0 years, median weight of 21kg (IQR: 15.5-24.0kg) and median height of 112.5cm (IQR: 95-133cm), were included. Only one child achieved trough concentrations between 10μg/mL and 15μg/mL. Conclusion: The empirical use of vancomycin in the children studied did not achieve the therapeutic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target for minimum inhibitory concentration of 1μg/mL.
of oral pathological lesions and for the delimitation of surgical margins. We report a case of oral squamous papilloma with its clinical, histopathological features and, in addition, from the perspective of wide field optical fluorescence.
underpinning the effects of complete protein source and branched-chain amino acid intake on skeletal muscle growth in the postabsorptive and post-exercise state. Evidence in favor of or against potential anabolic effects of isolated branched-chain amino acid intake on muscle protein synthesis in humans is also examined.
made by the time of surgical intervention.
occurrence of drug-drug interaction). The prevalence of drug interaction according to the Beers criteria was 4.9%. After multivariate analysis, diseases of the central nervous system, arrhythmia, number of medications, and female sex were positively associated with drug interaction. The prevalence of drug interaction according to Dumbreck was 27.2%. After multivariate analysis, the number of medications, the presence of heart failure, and Charlson comorbidity index greater than 1 were conditions positively associated with drug interactions. Conclusion: The holistic and individualized approach used in comprehensive medication management services for older patients is important, considering the prevalence of drug interactions and the need to minimize adverse events.
Methods: This study included 326 women with endometriosis and 482 controls without endometriosis, both confirmed by inspection of the pelvic cavity during surgery. Genotyping was performed using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Genotype and allele frequencies and genetic models were compared between the groups.
Results: The genotype and allele frequencies of the rs10835638 variant did not differ between women with and those without endometriosis. Subdividing the endometriosis group into fertile and infertile groups did not result in a significant difference in these frequencies. However, the subgroup with minimal/mild endometriosis had a higher frequency of the GT genotype than the Control Group, regardless of fertility. The T allele was significantly more common in women with minimal/mild endometriosis than in the Control Group in the recessive model.
Conclusion: The T allele is associated with the development of minimal/mild endometriosis in Brazilian women.
To evaluate aspects of eating behavior, presence of non-food substance consumption and negative urgency in women from an on-line support group for eating disorders.
Methods
Participants (n=147) completed questionnaires for binge eating assessment, Intuitive Eating, negative urgency, cognitive restraint and a question of non-food substance consumption. Participants were separated according to criteria for bulimic symptoms and compulsive symptoms.
Results
The consumption of non-food substances was 4.8% (n=7). The Bulimic Group (n=61) showed higher values for binge eating (p=0.01), cognitive restraint (p=0.01) and negative urgency (p=0.01) compared with the Compulsive Group (n=86). Only the Compulsive Group showed an inverse correlation between scores for binge eating and Intuitive Eating (p=0.01). In both groups, binge eating was inversely correlated with the subscale of body-food choice congruence of Intuitive Eating scale. As expected, the Bulimic Group reached higher values for measures of disordered behaviors such as cognitive restraint and binge eating, and lower scores for Intuitive Eating.
Conclusion
The aspects of Intuitive Eating are inversely associated with compulsive and bulimic symptoms and the correlation analyses for binge eating and negative urgency agreed with models reported in published literature about negative urgency.