ABSTRACT We use Global Positioning System measurements to determine relative plate movements and ... more ABSTRACT We use Global Positioning System measurements to determine relative plate movements and crustal deformation across the Scotia - South America plate boundary. Our results clearly show active crustal deformation along the South America - Scotia transform boundary in eastern Tierra del Fuego. The 160 km subaerial section of the plate boundary there, to first order, is concentrated on a narrow region best modeled by a simple east-west oriented strike-slip plate boundary. We find no evidence for a significant component of active transpression or transtension between the South America and Scotia plates along this section of the plate boundary. The GPS data also enable us to estimate the first South America -Scotia pole that does not depend on closure for determination of the rotation rate.
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion... more Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion and crustal deformation across the Scotia-South America transform plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego. This plate boundary accommodates a part of the overall motion between South America and Antarctica. The subaerial section of the plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego, about 160 km in length, is modeled as a two dimensional, strike-slip plate boundary with east-west strike. Along the Magallanes-Fagnano fault system, the principal fault of this portion of the plate boundary, relative plate motion is left-lateral strikeslip on a vertical fault at 6.6 ± 1.3 mm/year based on an assumed locking depth of 15 km. The site velocities on the Scotia Plate side are faster than the relative velocity by an additional 1-2 mm/yr, suggesting there may be a wider region of diffuse left-lateral deformation in southern Patagonia. The northsouth components of the velocities, however, do not support the existence of active, large-scale transpression or transtension between the South America and Scotia plates along this section of the plate boundary. Components: 9235 words, 7 figures, 2 tables.
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion... more Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion and crustal deformation across the Scotia-South America transform plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego. This plate boundary accommodates a part of the overall motion between South America and Antarctica. The subaerial section of the plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego, about 160 km in length, is modeled as a two dimensional, strike-slip plate boundary with east-west strike. Along the Magallanes-Fagnano fault system, the principal fault of this portion of the plate boundary, relative plate motion is left-lateral strikeslip on a vertical fault at 6.6 ± 1.3 mm/year based on an assumed locking depth of 15 km. The site velocities on the Scotia Plate side are faster than the relative velocity by an additional 1-2 mm/yr, suggesting there may be a wider region of diffuse left-lateral deformation in southern Patagonia. The northsouth components of the velocities, however, do not support the existence of active, large-scale transpression or transtension between the South America and Scotia plates along this section of the plate boundary. Components: 9235 words, 7 figures, 2 tables.
Relaciones De La Sociedad Argentina De Antropologia, 2005
La especialización en el aprovechamiento de recursos litorales que ocurrió entre Chiloé y el Cabo... more La especialización en el aprovechamiento de recursos litorales que ocurrió entre Chiloé y el Cabo de Horno s a partir del Holoceno medio fu e lIotoria, intensa y perdurable. En el examen de esa transformación adaptativa es posible encarar varios temas: qué es estrictamente una especialización litoral, quiénes fueron los que se adaptaron de ese modo, cuándo lo hicieron, dónde lo hicieron, por qué lo hicieron y qué es lo que permitió la perduración de esa particular especialización. En esta ocasión se examinan los cuatro primeros ítems, actualizando desde un punto de vista arealla información ofrecida en trabajos anteriores. Palabras clave: Arqueología. Ca zadores-recolecto res. Adaptación litoral. Área litoral sudamericana sudoccidental. Canal Beagle.
Estudios Atacameños.Arqueología y Antropología Surandinas., 2017
We explore the implications of the spatial structure of the artifact assemblages at the Binushmuk... more We explore the implications of the spatial structure of the artifact assemblages at the Binushmuka I site, located in the north coast of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego). The information corresponding to the stratigraphy, chronology and composition of the archaeological assemblages of this site is described. We focus on the spatial distribution of artifacts, which mainly depend on the number and duration of the occupations and the size of the group, to evaluate the temporal structure of the assemblages. For assessing pattern mobility, we also consider the spatial consistency of the location of the site in relation to features of the paleogeography and the archaeological landscape. The confined size of the assemblages (~7-8 m2) are likely to represent occupations by small sized groups. The spatial consistency between early Holocene occupations and marine hunter-gatherer assemblages observed at a regional level suggests that groups with similar mobility and foraging strategies could have occupied the site. Keywords: coastal site, early Holocene, early coastal foragers, lithic technology, spatial analysis.
Fishing intensification is evidenced in the archaeological record of the Beagle Channel region (T... more Fishing intensification is evidenced in the archaeological record of the Beagle Channel region (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) during the late Holocene by significant diachronic increases in both the representation of coastal taxa and the diversity of pelagic fish species taken. Faunal evidence from the Imiwaia I site, however, shows a different pattern in temporal variation in the exploitation of coastal fish in contrast to that of the regional trend. By comparing data from palaeogeography and archaeoichthyology, we have been able to evaluate how changes in Holocene coastal geomorphology near the Imiwaia I site influenced hunter–gatherer subsistence. The results show that the abundance and taxonomic diversity recorded in ichthyofaunal assemblages at the Imiwaia I site coincide with the environmental expectations arising from palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Cambaceres Bay during the middle and late Holocene.
Marine Ventures: Archaeological Perspectives on Human–Sea Relations, 2016
Pinnipeds (or seals) were probably important pull factors for the earliest marine foragers in the... more Pinnipeds (or seals) were probably important pull factors for the earliest marine foragers in the seascapes of Patagonia and Scandinavia in the early Holocene. Important reasons for this may be that 1) pinnipeds could be hunted on shores (or sea-ice) with more or less the same methods and equipment as terrestrial animals, 2) pinnipeds represented a similar resource as the terrestrial mega-fauna, with a familiar combination of meat, bone, skin, blood, sinews, and fat, and 3) the characteristics pinnipeds evoluted for a life in the water left them quite vulnerable on land. Their senses and locomotion are inferior to terrestrial animals—a weakness that human predators are always ready to exploit. In this paper we will explore the nature of pinnipeds, their habitats and behavior, and discuss how pinnipeds might have related to and influenced the early development of marine foraging systems—technology, logistics, and settlement structure. The timing, circumstances, cultural dynamics and species of pinnipeds involved in the Scandinavian and the Patagonian case differ. However, the two processes towards marine adaptation also have instructive parallels.
The presence of permanent dwellings are among the most commonly used indicators of decreased resi... more The presence of permanent dwellings are among the most commonly used indicators of decreased residential mobility in prehistoric societies , but, unless we understand the factors involved in the dwelling constructions, or the formation processes of the dwelling remains, misinterpretations of settlement patterns are likely to occur. We explore traditions of dwelling reoccupation and settlement stability among marine foragers in Aukra, Central Norway by a comparison with two other coastal areas with abundant and well documented sites, and very different long-term dwelling and settlement histories: The Beagle Channel in Tierra del Fuego and Varanger in North Norway.
This paper presents the results of chemical analyses of the organic and inorganic fractions of pi... more This paper presents the results of chemical analyses of the organic and inorganic fractions of pigment residues found in three archaeological sites located in the Beagle Channel region, Tierra del Fuego, Southern South America. Twenty-one archaeological samples have been analysed through XRD, SEM–EDX, FT-IR and GC–MS in order to characterise their inorganic colouring components and to search for the presence
ABSTRACT We use Global Positioning System measurements to determine relative plate movements and ... more ABSTRACT We use Global Positioning System measurements to determine relative plate movements and crustal deformation across the Scotia - South America plate boundary. Our results clearly show active crustal deformation along the South America - Scotia transform boundary in eastern Tierra del Fuego. The 160 km subaerial section of the plate boundary there, to first order, is concentrated on a narrow region best modeled by a simple east-west oriented strike-slip plate boundary. We find no evidence for a significant component of active transpression or transtension between the South America and Scotia plates along this section of the plate boundary. The GPS data also enable us to estimate the first South America -Scotia pole that does not depend on closure for determination of the rotation rate.
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion... more Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion and crustal deformation across the Scotia-South America transform plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego. This plate boundary accommodates a part of the overall motion between South America and Antarctica. The subaerial section of the plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego, about 160 km in length, is modeled as a two dimensional, strike-slip plate boundary with east-west strike. Along the Magallanes-Fagnano fault system, the principal fault of this portion of the plate boundary, relative plate motion is left-lateral strikeslip on a vertical fault at 6.6 ± 1.3 mm/year based on an assumed locking depth of 15 km. The site velocities on the Scotia Plate side are faster than the relative velocity by an additional 1-2 mm/yr, suggesting there may be a wider region of diffuse left-lateral deformation in southern Patagonia. The northsouth components of the velocities, however, do not support the existence of active, large-scale transpression or transtension between the South America and Scotia plates along this section of the plate boundary. Components: 9235 words, 7 figures, 2 tables.
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion... more Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide the first direct measurement of plate motion and crustal deformation across the Scotia-South America transform plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego. This plate boundary accommodates a part of the overall motion between South America and Antarctica. The subaerial section of the plate boundary in Tierra del Fuego, about 160 km in length, is modeled as a two dimensional, strike-slip plate boundary with east-west strike. Along the Magallanes-Fagnano fault system, the principal fault of this portion of the plate boundary, relative plate motion is left-lateral strikeslip on a vertical fault at 6.6 ± 1.3 mm/year based on an assumed locking depth of 15 km. The site velocities on the Scotia Plate side are faster than the relative velocity by an additional 1-2 mm/yr, suggesting there may be a wider region of diffuse left-lateral deformation in southern Patagonia. The northsouth components of the velocities, however, do not support the existence of active, large-scale transpression or transtension between the South America and Scotia plates along this section of the plate boundary. Components: 9235 words, 7 figures, 2 tables.
Relaciones De La Sociedad Argentina De Antropologia, 2005
La especialización en el aprovechamiento de recursos litorales que ocurrió entre Chiloé y el Cabo... more La especialización en el aprovechamiento de recursos litorales que ocurrió entre Chiloé y el Cabo de Horno s a partir del Holoceno medio fu e lIotoria, intensa y perdurable. En el examen de esa transformación adaptativa es posible encarar varios temas: qué es estrictamente una especialización litoral, quiénes fueron los que se adaptaron de ese modo, cuándo lo hicieron, dónde lo hicieron, por qué lo hicieron y qué es lo que permitió la perduración de esa particular especialización. En esta ocasión se examinan los cuatro primeros ítems, actualizando desde un punto de vista arealla información ofrecida en trabajos anteriores. Palabras clave: Arqueología. Ca zadores-recolecto res. Adaptación litoral. Área litoral sudamericana sudoccidental. Canal Beagle.
Estudios Atacameños.Arqueología y Antropología Surandinas., 2017
We explore the implications of the spatial structure of the artifact assemblages at the Binushmuk... more We explore the implications of the spatial structure of the artifact assemblages at the Binushmuka I site, located in the north coast of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego). The information corresponding to the stratigraphy, chronology and composition of the archaeological assemblages of this site is described. We focus on the spatial distribution of artifacts, which mainly depend on the number and duration of the occupations and the size of the group, to evaluate the temporal structure of the assemblages. For assessing pattern mobility, we also consider the spatial consistency of the location of the site in relation to features of the paleogeography and the archaeological landscape. The confined size of the assemblages (~7-8 m2) are likely to represent occupations by small sized groups. The spatial consistency between early Holocene occupations and marine hunter-gatherer assemblages observed at a regional level suggests that groups with similar mobility and foraging strategies could have occupied the site. Keywords: coastal site, early Holocene, early coastal foragers, lithic technology, spatial analysis.
Fishing intensification is evidenced in the archaeological record of the Beagle Channel region (T... more Fishing intensification is evidenced in the archaeological record of the Beagle Channel region (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) during the late Holocene by significant diachronic increases in both the representation of coastal taxa and the diversity of pelagic fish species taken. Faunal evidence from the Imiwaia I site, however, shows a different pattern in temporal variation in the exploitation of coastal fish in contrast to that of the regional trend. By comparing data from palaeogeography and archaeoichthyology, we have been able to evaluate how changes in Holocene coastal geomorphology near the Imiwaia I site influenced hunter–gatherer subsistence. The results show that the abundance and taxonomic diversity recorded in ichthyofaunal assemblages at the Imiwaia I site coincide with the environmental expectations arising from palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Cambaceres Bay during the middle and late Holocene.
Marine Ventures: Archaeological Perspectives on Human–Sea Relations, 2016
Pinnipeds (or seals) were probably important pull factors for the earliest marine foragers in the... more Pinnipeds (or seals) were probably important pull factors for the earliest marine foragers in the seascapes of Patagonia and Scandinavia in the early Holocene. Important reasons for this may be that 1) pinnipeds could be hunted on shores (or sea-ice) with more or less the same methods and equipment as terrestrial animals, 2) pinnipeds represented a similar resource as the terrestrial mega-fauna, with a familiar combination of meat, bone, skin, blood, sinews, and fat, and 3) the characteristics pinnipeds evoluted for a life in the water left them quite vulnerable on land. Their senses and locomotion are inferior to terrestrial animals—a weakness that human predators are always ready to exploit. In this paper we will explore the nature of pinnipeds, their habitats and behavior, and discuss how pinnipeds might have related to and influenced the early development of marine foraging systems—technology, logistics, and settlement structure. The timing, circumstances, cultural dynamics and species of pinnipeds involved in the Scandinavian and the Patagonian case differ. However, the two processes towards marine adaptation also have instructive parallels.
The presence of permanent dwellings are among the most commonly used indicators of decreased resi... more The presence of permanent dwellings are among the most commonly used indicators of decreased residential mobility in prehistoric societies , but, unless we understand the factors involved in the dwelling constructions, or the formation processes of the dwelling remains, misinterpretations of settlement patterns are likely to occur. We explore traditions of dwelling reoccupation and settlement stability among marine foragers in Aukra, Central Norway by a comparison with two other coastal areas with abundant and well documented sites, and very different long-term dwelling and settlement histories: The Beagle Channel in Tierra del Fuego and Varanger in North Norway.
This paper presents the results of chemical analyses of the organic and inorganic fractions of pi... more This paper presents the results of chemical analyses of the organic and inorganic fractions of pigment residues found in three archaeological sites located in the Beagle Channel region, Tierra del Fuego, Southern South America. Twenty-one archaeological samples have been analysed through XRD, SEM–EDX, FT-IR and GC–MS in order to characterise their inorganic colouring components and to search for the presence
Vitenskapsmuseet arkeologisk rapport, 15, Dec 2016
This report is related to the Marine Ventures project, and describes field surveys in Tierra del ... more This report is related to the Marine Ventures project, and describes field surveys in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina – The Cambaceres Surveys. This is a detailed survey of the settlements in a 4km2 large area in Cambaceres, located in the eastern part of the Beagle Channel, Argentinean Tierra del Fuego at the far south of South America. The survey mainly concentrated on shell midden formations, both larger and smaller, and the characteristic house pit formations where shell refuse is arranged in a protective “wall” around the dwelling. While previous surveys are mainly about larger settlements as a whole, our survey is more detailed, and encompasses individual GPS mapping of single structures. This gives the opportunity to see settlement structures more clearly and investigate how simple structures aggregate in larger settlements. The survey includes a total of 1251 structures, of which 804 are dwelling pits, 432 are shell midden domes, and 15 are other sites – ranging from around 7500 BP (uncal.) to the recent past. The Cambaceres Surveys also includes a targeted test pit survey aimed at locating older settlements without preserved organic material, defined as Early Coastal Forager (ECF) sites. The discovery of the large Binushmuka I settlement is an important result. At this site, two ECF lithic concentrations were discovered, dated to 7300–7500 BP. Details from excavations at Binushmuka is described in a separate report (Zangrando et al. in progress). The test pit survey also includes a number of other localities where ECF settlements could be expected, but with negative results. For more details about the project, see the Marine Ventures website: (https://www.ntnu.no/web/vitenskapsmuseet/marine-ventures)
Bjerck, H.B., Zangrando, A.F.J., Breivik, H.M., Piana, E. and Negre, J. 2016: NTNU Vitenskapsmuse... more Bjerck, H.B., Zangrando, A.F.J., Breivik, H.M., Piana, E. and Negre, J. 2016: NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet arkeologisk rapport 2016:15. Marine Ventures: The Cambaceres Surveys, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
This report is part of the Marine Ventures project, and describes field surveys in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina – The Cambaceres Surveys. This is a detailed survey of the settlements in a 4km2 large area in Cambaceres, located in the eastern part of the Beagle Channel, Argentinean Tierra del Fuego at the far south of South America. The survey mainly concentrated on shell midden formations, both larger and smaller, and the characteristic house pit formations where shell refuse is arranged in a protective “wall” around the dwelling. While previous surveys are mainly about larger settlements as a whole, our survey is more detailed, and encompasses individual GPS mapping of single structures. This gives the opportunity to see settlement structures more clearly and investigate how simple structures aggregate in larger settlements. The survey includes 1251 structures, of which 804 are dwelling pits, 432 are shell midden domes, and 15 are other sites – ranging from around 7500 BP (uncal.) to the recent past. The Cambaceres Surveys also includes a targeted test pit survey aimed at locating older settlements without preserved organic material, defined as Early Coastal Forager (ECF) sites. The discovery of the large Binushmuka I settlement is an important result. At this site, two ECF lithic concentrations were discovered, dated to 7300–7500 BP. Details from excavations at Binushmuka is described in a separate report (Zangrando et al. in progress). The test pit survey also includes a number of other localities where ECF settlements could be expected, but with negative results.
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Papers by Ernesto Piana
The confined size of the assemblages (~7-8 m2) are likely to represent occupations by small sized groups. The spatial consistency between early Holocene occupations and marine hunter-gatherer assemblages observed at a regional level suggests that groups with similar mobility and foraging strategies could have occupied the site.
Keywords: coastal site, early Holocene, early coastal foragers, lithic technology, spatial analysis.
methods and equipment as terrestrial animals, 2) pinnipeds represented a similar resource as the terrestrial mega-fauna, with a familiar combination of meat, bone, skin, blood, sinews, and fat, and 3) the characteristics pinnipeds evoluted for a life in the water left them quite vulnerable on land. Their senses and locomotion are inferior to terrestrial animals—a weakness that human predators are always ready to exploit.
In this paper we will explore the nature of pinnipeds, their habitats and behavior, and discuss how pinnipeds might have related to and influenced the early development of marine foraging systems—technology, logistics, and settlement structure. The
timing, circumstances, cultural dynamics and species of pinnipeds involved in the Scandinavian and the Patagonian case differ. However, the two processes towards marine adaptation also have instructive parallels.
The confined size of the assemblages (~7-8 m2) are likely to represent occupations by small sized groups. The spatial consistency between early Holocene occupations and marine hunter-gatherer assemblages observed at a regional level suggests that groups with similar mobility and foraging strategies could have occupied the site.
Keywords: coastal site, early Holocene, early coastal foragers, lithic technology, spatial analysis.
methods and equipment as terrestrial animals, 2) pinnipeds represented a similar resource as the terrestrial mega-fauna, with a familiar combination of meat, bone, skin, blood, sinews, and fat, and 3) the characteristics pinnipeds evoluted for a life in the water left them quite vulnerable on land. Their senses and locomotion are inferior to terrestrial animals—a weakness that human predators are always ready to exploit.
In this paper we will explore the nature of pinnipeds, their habitats and behavior, and discuss how pinnipeds might have related to and influenced the early development of marine foraging systems—technology, logistics, and settlement structure. The
timing, circumstances, cultural dynamics and species of pinnipeds involved in the Scandinavian and the Patagonian case differ. However, the two processes towards marine adaptation also have instructive parallels.
The survey includes a total of 1251 structures, of which 804 are dwelling pits, 432 are shell midden domes, and 15 are other sites – ranging from around 7500 BP (uncal.) to the recent past. The Cambaceres Surveys also includes a targeted test pit survey aimed at locating older settlements without preserved organic material, defined as Early Coastal Forager (ECF) sites. The discovery of the large Binushmuka I settlement is an important result. At this site, two ECF lithic concentrations were discovered, dated to 7300–7500 BP. Details from excavations at Binushmuka is described in a separate report (Zangrando et al. in progress). The test pit survey also includes a number of other localities where ECF settlements could be expected, but with negative results.
For more details about the project, see the Marine Ventures website:
(https://www.ntnu.no/web/vitenskapsmuseet/marine-ventures)
This report is part of the Marine Ventures project, and describes field surveys in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina – The Cambaceres Surveys. This is a detailed survey of the settlements in a 4km2 large area in Cambaceres, located in the eastern part of the Beagle Channel, Argentinean Tierra del Fuego at the far south of South America. The survey mainly concentrated on shell midden formations, both larger and smaller, and the characteristic house pit formations where shell refuse is arranged in a protective “wall” around the dwelling. While previous surveys are mainly about larger settlements as a whole, our survey is more detailed, and encompasses individual GPS mapping of single structures. This gives the opportunity to see settlement structures more clearly and investigate how simple structures aggregate in larger settlements.
The survey includes 1251 structures, of which 804 are dwelling pits, 432 are shell midden domes, and 15 are other sites – ranging from around 7500 BP (uncal.) to the recent past. The Cambaceres Surveys also includes a targeted test pit survey aimed at locating older settlements without preserved organic material, defined as Early Coastal Forager (ECF) sites. The discovery of the large Binushmuka I settlement is an important result. At this site, two ECF lithic concentrations were discovered, dated to 7300–7500 BP. Details from excavations at Binushmuka is described in a separate report (Zangrando et al. in progress). The test pit survey also includes a number of other localities where ECF settlements could be expected, but with negative results.
For more details about the project, see the Marine Ventures website:
(https://www.ntnu.no/web/vitenskapsmuseet/marine-ventures)
Key words: settlements – shell middens and dwelling pits – marine foraging – survey methods – Tierra del Fuego – Yámana Indians