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Tony Björk

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I work at Sydsvensk Arkeologi Ltd in Sweden with contract archaeology, and I am also finishing a phD at the University of Lund, Sweden. My main interests are graves from early iron age, ceramic traditions in later bronze age and early iron age and iron production in prehistoric time. Scandinavia and neighboring areas.

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Swedish National Heritage Board

Uppsala University

Université de Nantes

SAU Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis

Ulrika Söderström

Linnaeus University

Lund University

Thomas Eriksson

National Historical Museums

Joakim Goldhahn

The University of Adelaide

Torbjörn Brorsson

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Books by Tony Björk

Med elden längs vattnet. Rituella noder under bronsåldern i västra Blekinge.

Att leva vid Vesan. Arkeologi längs nya väg E22 i västra Blekinge, 2021

This an article about the ritual nodes of the bronze age in western Blekinge, Sweden. The remains... more This an article about the ritual nodes of the bronze age in western Blekinge, Sweden. The remains of a cairn of fire crackes stone, an urnfield and a cult house examined at excavations made 2011 are put in context of other monuments, ritual places, what constitutes such places and how we interpret them. Published in the book "Att leva vid Vesan" (Rudebeck & Anglert 2021 eds.).

Den föränderliga kustbygden. Skyttlahagen och bebyggelseutvecklingen i Möre under brons- och järnålder.

Lekberg, P., Lundholm, S. & Victor, H. (eds). Från jägare till stormän. Utgrävningar inför E22 söder om Kalmar 2014. Museiarkeologi sydost, Kalmar länsmuseum., 2019

My contribution in the book presents the results of the investigation of the settlement site Skyt... more My contribution in the book presents the results of the investigation of the settlement site Skyttlahagen from bronze and early iron age. The site is compared with other investigated, contemporary settlements in the Möre area. The focus is on chronological issues, in particular the similar relocation phases of the settlements and discusses the reasons behind the changes.

Tre spadtag i Tygelsjö / An excavation in Tygelsjö medieval village

by Claes B Pettersson, Tony Björk, Erik Johansson, and Stella Macheridis

Sydsvensk Arkeologi rapport, 2019

Tygelsjö is a village with medieval origens, located just south of Malmö in Scania, Southern Swed... more Tygelsjö is a village with medieval origens, located just south of Malmö in Scania, Southern Sweden. Prior to a large development project archaeological excavations were undertaken on the site in the autumn of 2017, consisting of both former fields, pastures and a part of the medieval village proper. Here the remains of three farms were found. From 14C-datings it was possible to place the establishment of these farms in the early eleventh century. A small number of buildings were excavated together with a well, cultural layers, pits and postholes. Through metaldetecting dateable finds (mostly coins) and items that indicated different activities in the village were recovered. In the former fields and pastures traces of activities predating the village were found, dating to the Iron Age as well as the Neolitic periods. What appears to be a badly damaged stone age grave was probably the most spectacular discovery on this part of the vast site. Here the handle of a flint dagger was found.

Uncovering more Death. Some recent excavations of graves from the Early Iron Age in Scania.

Small Things Wide Horizons. Studies in honour of Birgitta Hårdh. Eds Larsson, L., Ekengren, F., Helgesson, B. & Söderberg, B., 2015

This article is a review of the Early Iron Age graves in Swedens southernmost province Scania dur... more This article is a review of the Early Iron Age graves in Swedens southernmost province Scania during the past 10 years. The purpose is mainly to make this valuable material easier to grasp, but also to point out some interesting features worth further studying. Published in "Small Things Wide Horizons. Studies in honour of Birgitta Hårdh". Archaeopress Archaeology. 2015.

Istabygravfältet

by Tony Björk and Helene Wilhelmson

Istabygravfältet, 2011

Björk, T., Persson, T. & Wilhelmson, H. 2011. Istabygravfältet (ISBN 978-91-979807-1-5). Present... more

Helgesson, B. (red.) 2009. Järnets roll. Kristianstad: Regionmuseet/Landsantikvarien i Skåne. (ISBN 978-91-977127-2-9), 2009

Skäran på bålet. Om den äldre järnålderns gravar i Skåne.

Skäran på bålet. Om den äldre järnmålderns gravar i Skåne., 2005

A survey of the early iron age graves of Scania, southern Sweden. Discusses geographic and chrono... more A survey of the early iron age graves of Scania, southern Sweden. Discusses geographic and chronologic distribution, local and regional traits and tradition in burial customs. The Scanian graves are also evaluated compared to the graves from Zealand, Denmark. Discussion of social reasons (mainly different kinship-systems) behind the differences.

Papers by Tony Björk

Linear Iron Age monuments at Degeberga in Scania and elsewhere in Sweden. Evidence for a radical transformation of the ritual landscape

How to bury the dead. A study on regional variations in the southern Baltic area during Late Pre-Roman and Early Roman Iron Age.

Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History (JAAH), 2022

This article deals with the question of regional variation in funeral customs during a part of th... more This article deals with the question of regional variation in funeral customs during a part of the Early Iron Age in the Baltic Sea area. The backbone of this study is a presentation of a comparison between a selection of investigated cemeteries in the south Baltic area, including parts of Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Poland.
Keywords: Early Iron Age, Late Pre-Roman Iron Age, Early Roman Iron Age,
Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland, cemeteries, funeral customs, burial customs, grave monuments, artefact types, regionality, regional variation, ritual systems, ritual norms, correspondence analysis.
It is possible to take part of the peer-reviewers opinions through https://www.arkeologi.uu.se/journal-se/no-29-bjork/

Earth or fire: Burial customs as a beginning in exploring regional variations in Early Iron Age Scania

This paper is a presentation of the regional implications of ongoing work about burial rituals du... more This paper is a presentation of the regional implications of ongoing work about burial rituals during the Early Iron Age in Scania. Based on archaeologically investigated graves where grave type and/or grave goods have been recorded, preliminary conclusions about regional diversity lead to a rough division into four different areas in the south-west, south-east, north-east and interior parts of the landscape. There are very clear similarities between this division of smaller areas with distinct cultural traits and divisions made for Viking Age and historic times. This indicates that there are long-lived and very stable structures in the everyday common culture, in stark contrast to the probably more unstable political situation. This is a challenge to further investigation by means of long-term studies of different aspects of regional variations.

Skebbas rör på Lister. En gammal undersökning i nytt ljus.

Ale nr 1, 2021

In the 1950´s an investigation was made of the grave Skebbas rör and another, smaller adjacent ca... more In the 1950´s an investigation was made of the grave Skebbas rör and another, smaller adjacent cairn in Lörby skog, Lister in western Blekinge, Sweden. Through a new review several previously not reported observations were made. The grave had an inner construction of a spiral row of stones, and the buried individual lived during the Pre-roman Iron Age and had damage to the skull that may have been the cause of death. The article was published in Ale, a journal for the history of the provinces of Skåne, Halland and Blekinge. Language swedish. Ale 2021 nr 1.

Skånskt järn på järnåldern. Exemplet Bromölla.

ALE, 2007

This article concerns iron production during the iron age in Skåne (Scania), southern Sweden, wit... more

En skärvstenshög i Blekinge och de rituella miljöerna under bronsåldern i södra Sverige.

FORNTID LÄNGS OSTKUSTEN 5. Blankaholmsseminariet. Eds: Dahlin, Michael & Wikell, Roger., 2019

The article presents the results of an investigation of a bronze age burnt mound in Blekinge, Swe... more

Ingen öde plats. Arkeologi i Önnestadtrakten 1993-2017.

Önnestad hembygdsförenings årsbok 2019, 2019

A short account (in swedish) of archaeological investigations in and near the village of Önnestad... more

Rows of wooden pillars. Continued fieldwork at the Degeberga linear monument, with further parallels and societal implications.

by Tony Björk and Ylva Wickberg

Presentation of results of the second excavation of a linear post row at Degeberga, Scania. The p... more Presentation of results of the second excavation of a linear post row at Degeberga, Scania. The picture of the layout and the dating has been markedly refined. Comparisons are made with other similar places, like Önsvala, Färlöv and Tomteboda. We present an interpretation of their regional importance, connecting them to central places, and of the goals common to the politically and militarily infuential groups who built them in cardinal points in the landscape over a large part of Scandinavia AD 400-650.

Vaetland - ett vattenrike. Tankar kring en bronsåldersbygd 2300-500 f.Kr.

Synthesis chapter about an important central settlement area in Southern Sweden during the Bronze... more Synthesis chapter about an important central settlement area in Southern Sweden during the Bronze Age. Treats the landscape, settlements, graves and depositions of bronzes. Written together with Magnus Artursson. Part of the book "Vägar till Vaetland. En bronsåldersbygd i nordöstra Skåne 2300-500 f.Kr", Artursson, Magnus (ed.) 2007.

Osteologisk analys

by Helene Wilhelmson and Tony Björk

Istabygravfältet, 2011

Makt och monument under järnåldern

Badelundabygden nr 33, 2015

Short paper based on a lecture with the basic knowledge of today on linear, ritual demarcations i... more

Kring förfädernas bopålar. Om bronsålderns och den äldre järnålderns bosätttningar i Vaetland.

Artursson, Magnus (ed) Vägar till Vaetland. En bronsåldersbygd i nordöstra Skåne 2300-500 f.Kr. Riksantikvariämbetet & Regionmuseet Kristianstad., 2007

A presentation of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age farms and village like sites in North east Sc... more

Just another central place? A critical description of Vä.

Lund archaeological Review 7, 2001, 2003

An evaluation of the Iron Age finds and excavations at the central place Vä in north-east Scania,... more

Med elden längs vattnet. Rituella noder under bronsåldern i västra Blekinge.

Att leva vid Vesan. Arkeologi längs nya väg E22 i västra Blekinge, 2021

This an article about the ritual nodes of the bronze age in western Blekinge, Sweden. The remains... more This an article about the ritual nodes of the bronze age in western Blekinge, Sweden. The remains of a cairn of fire crackes stone, an urnfield and a cult house examined at excavations made 2011 are put in context of other monuments, ritual places, what constitutes such places and how we interpret them. Published in the book "Att leva vid Vesan" (Rudebeck & Anglert 2021 eds.).

Den föränderliga kustbygden. Skyttlahagen och bebyggelseutvecklingen i Möre under brons- och järnålder.

Lekberg, P., Lundholm, S. & Victor, H. (eds). Från jägare till stormän. Utgrävningar inför E22 söder om Kalmar 2014. Museiarkeologi sydost, Kalmar länsmuseum., 2019

My contribution in the book presents the results of the investigation of the settlement site Skyt... more My contribution in the book presents the results of the investigation of the settlement site Skyttlahagen from bronze and early iron age. The site is compared with other investigated, contemporary settlements in the Möre area. The focus is on chronological issues, in particular the similar relocation phases of the settlements and discusses the reasons behind the changes.

Tre spadtag i Tygelsjö / An excavation in Tygelsjö medieval village

by Claes B Pettersson, Tony Björk, Erik Johansson, and Stella Macheridis

Sydsvensk Arkeologi rapport, 2019

Tygelsjö is a village with medieval origens, located just south of Malmö in Scania, Southern Swed... more Tygelsjö is a village with medieval origens, located just south of Malmö in Scania, Southern Sweden. Prior to a large development project archaeological excavations were undertaken on the site in the autumn of 2017, consisting of both former fields, pastures and a part of the medieval village proper. Here the remains of three farms were found. From 14C-datings it was possible to place the establishment of these farms in the early eleventh century. A small number of buildings were excavated together with a well, cultural layers, pits and postholes. Through metaldetecting dateable finds (mostly coins) and items that indicated different activities in the village were recovered. In the former fields and pastures traces of activities predating the village were found, dating to the Iron Age as well as the Neolitic periods. What appears to be a badly damaged stone age grave was probably the most spectacular discovery on this part of the vast site. Here the handle of a flint dagger was found.

Uncovering more Death. Some recent excavations of graves from the Early Iron Age in Scania.

Small Things Wide Horizons. Studies in honour of Birgitta Hårdh. Eds Larsson, L., Ekengren, F., Helgesson, B. & Söderberg, B., 2015

This article is a review of the Early Iron Age graves in Swedens southernmost province Scania dur... more This article is a review of the Early Iron Age graves in Swedens southernmost province Scania during the past 10 years. The purpose is mainly to make this valuable material easier to grasp, but also to point out some interesting features worth further studying. Published in "Small Things Wide Horizons. Studies in honour of Birgitta Hårdh". Archaeopress Archaeology. 2015.

Istabygravfältet

by Tony Björk and Helene Wilhelmson

Istabygravfältet, 2011

Björk, T., Persson, T. & Wilhelmson, H. 2011. Istabygravfältet (ISBN 978-91-979807-1-5). Present... more

Helgesson, B. (red.) 2009. Järnets roll. Kristianstad: Regionmuseet/Landsantikvarien i Skåne. (ISBN 978-91-977127-2-9), 2009

Skäran på bålet. Om den äldre järnålderns gravar i Skåne.

Skäran på bålet. Om den äldre järnmålderns gravar i Skåne., 2005

A survey of the early iron age graves of Scania, southern Sweden. Discusses geographic and chrono... more A survey of the early iron age graves of Scania, southern Sweden. Discusses geographic and chronologic distribution, local and regional traits and tradition in burial customs. The Scanian graves are also evaluated compared to the graves from Zealand, Denmark. Discussion of social reasons (mainly different kinship-systems) behind the differences.

Linear Iron Age monuments at Degeberga in Scania and elsewhere in Sweden. Evidence for a radical transformation of the ritual landscape

How to bury the dead. A study on regional variations in the southern Baltic area during Late Pre-Roman and Early Roman Iron Age.

Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History (JAAH), 2022

This article deals with the question of regional variation in funeral customs during a part of th... more This article deals with the question of regional variation in funeral customs during a part of the Early Iron Age in the Baltic Sea area. The backbone of this study is a presentation of a comparison between a selection of investigated cemeteries in the south Baltic area, including parts of Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Poland.
Keywords: Early Iron Age, Late Pre-Roman Iron Age, Early Roman Iron Age,
Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland, cemeteries, funeral customs, burial customs, grave monuments, artefact types, regionality, regional variation, ritual systems, ritual norms, correspondence analysis.
It is possible to take part of the peer-reviewers opinions through https://www.arkeologi.uu.se/journal-se/no-29-bjork/

Earth or fire: Burial customs as a beginning in exploring regional variations in Early Iron Age Scania

This paper is a presentation of the regional implications of ongoing work about burial rituals du... more This paper is a presentation of the regional implications of ongoing work about burial rituals during the Early Iron Age in Scania. Based on archaeologically investigated graves where grave type and/or grave goods have been recorded, preliminary conclusions about regional diversity lead to a rough division into four different areas in the south-west, south-east, north-east and interior parts of the landscape. There are very clear similarities between this division of smaller areas with distinct cultural traits and divisions made for Viking Age and historic times. This indicates that there are long-lived and very stable structures in the everyday common culture, in stark contrast to the probably more unstable political situation. This is a challenge to further investigation by means of long-term studies of different aspects of regional variations.

Skebbas rör på Lister. En gammal undersökning i nytt ljus.

Ale nr 1, 2021

In the 1950´s an investigation was made of the grave Skebbas rör and another, smaller adjacent ca... more In the 1950´s an investigation was made of the grave Skebbas rör and another, smaller adjacent cairn in Lörby skog, Lister in western Blekinge, Sweden. Through a new review several previously not reported observations were made. The grave had an inner construction of a spiral row of stones, and the buried individual lived during the Pre-roman Iron Age and had damage to the skull that may have been the cause of death. The article was published in Ale, a journal for the history of the provinces of Skåne, Halland and Blekinge. Language swedish. Ale 2021 nr 1.

Skånskt järn på järnåldern. Exemplet Bromölla.

ALE, 2007

This article concerns iron production during the iron age in Skåne (Scania), southern Sweden, wit... more

En skärvstenshög i Blekinge och de rituella miljöerna under bronsåldern i södra Sverige.

FORNTID LÄNGS OSTKUSTEN 5. Blankaholmsseminariet. Eds: Dahlin, Michael & Wikell, Roger., 2019

The article presents the results of an investigation of a bronze age burnt mound in Blekinge, Swe... more

Ingen öde plats. Arkeologi i Önnestadtrakten 1993-2017.

Önnestad hembygdsförenings årsbok 2019, 2019

A short account (in swedish) of archaeological investigations in and near the village of Önnestad... more

Rows of wooden pillars. Continued fieldwork at the Degeberga linear monument, with further parallels and societal implications.

by Tony Björk and Ylva Wickberg

Presentation of results of the second excavation of a linear post row at Degeberga, Scania. The p... more Presentation of results of the second excavation of a linear post row at Degeberga, Scania. The picture of the layout and the dating has been markedly refined. Comparisons are made with other similar places, like Önsvala, Färlöv and Tomteboda. We present an interpretation of their regional importance, connecting them to central places, and of the goals common to the politically and militarily infuential groups who built them in cardinal points in the landscape over a large part of Scandinavia AD 400-650.

Vaetland - ett vattenrike. Tankar kring en bronsåldersbygd 2300-500 f.Kr.

Synthesis chapter about an important central settlement area in Southern Sweden during the Bronze... more Synthesis chapter about an important central settlement area in Southern Sweden during the Bronze Age. Treats the landscape, settlements, graves and depositions of bronzes. Written together with Magnus Artursson. Part of the book "Vägar till Vaetland. En bronsåldersbygd i nordöstra Skåne 2300-500 f.Kr", Artursson, Magnus (ed.) 2007.

Osteologisk analys

by Helene Wilhelmson and Tony Björk

Istabygravfältet, 2011

Makt och monument under järnåldern

Badelundabygden nr 33, 2015

Short paper based on a lecture with the basic knowledge of today on linear, ritual demarcations i... more

Kring förfädernas bopålar. Om bronsålderns och den äldre järnålderns bosätttningar i Vaetland.

Artursson, Magnus (ed) Vägar till Vaetland. En bronsåldersbygd i nordöstra Skåne 2300-500 f.Kr. Riksantikvariämbetet & Regionmuseet Kristianstad., 2007

A presentation of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age farms and village like sites in North east Sc... more

Just another central place? A critical description of Vä.

Lund archaeological Review 7, 2001, 2003

An evaluation of the Iron Age finds and excavations at the central place Vä in north-east Scania,... more

For Gods and Men to behold. Excavations at an Iron Age Grave-Field in Färlöv, 1996-1998.

Lund Archaeological Review 4, 1998., 1999

Presentation of an excavation at an Iron Age cemetery in Färlöv, Scania, Sweden, with traces of s... more

Gravfältet i Färlöv

Report on an excavation of an Iron Age cemetery in Scania, Sweden. Weapon grave from Late Roman I... more

Gravfältet i Färlöv (exc. plan)

Excavation plan of the Iron Age cemetery in Färlöv. Appendix to the report above.

Storslagna fynd i Färlöv.

Regionmuseets arkeologer informerar, 1998

Presentation for the general public of the some of the features and graves at the Färlöv cemetery... more

Linear Iron Age monuments at Degeberga in Scania and elsewhere in Sweden. Evidence for a radical transformation of the ritual landscape.

by Tony Björk and Ylva Wickberg

Fornvännen (Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research), 2013

Järnåldersgårdar mellan Ivösjön och Ryssberget

A popularized survey of excavated Iron Age farms in the area between the lake Ivösjön and the Rid... more

Härdar på rad. Om spåren efter en kultplats från bronsåldern.

Recension av "Wealth and Prestige" av Boye & Lund Hansen

Fornvännen/Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research , 2011

Review of "Wealth and Prestige. An Analysis of Rich Graves from the Late Roman Iron Age on Easter... more

Recension av "En arkeolog i Trelleborg" av Larsson & Arcini

Fornvännen/Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research, 2008

Reiview of "En arkeolog i Trelleborg. Skånska städer. Riksantikvarieämbetet." Stefan Larsson & Ca... more

Recension av "Järnåldersundersökningar i Sydsverige" av Bengt Jacobsson.

Fornvännen/ Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research, 2002

Review of "Järnåldersundersökningar i Sydsverige. Katalog för Skåne, Halland, Blekinge och Smålan... more

Recension av "På arkeologins bakgård" av Anne Carlie.

Fornvännen/Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research, 1996

Review of "På arkeologins bakgård. En bebyggelsearkeologisk undersökning i norra Skånes inland ba... more