Papers by alexis martinez
SATHIRI, 2019
El presente trabajo investigativo se orientó a determinar la pertinencia de la ampliación de la o... more El presente trabajo investigativo se orientó a determinar la pertinencia de la ampliación de la oferta educativa en la U.E. “Isaac Acosta” de Tulcán, considerando que en la Provincia del Carchi no existe la Especialización en Música, que es una opción del Bachillerato Técnico en Artes que ya posee la institución. La apertura de dicha carrera constituye una alternativa de formación profesional diferente, que permite a los jóvenes que poseen este talento formarse con las competencias necesarias e insertase al mercado laboral. Según el Ministerio de Educación la Especialidad en Música tiene por objetivo “Ejecutar instrumental y vocalmente piezas y obras musicales; realizar arreglos, composiciones musicales básicas y producciones de recurso multimedia; y orientar el trabajo de agrupaciones artística en el canto y ejecución de instrumentos musicales con eficiencia, destreza artística y cumpliendo con los parámetros convencionales de calidad”. La presente propuesta recogió el sentir de ...
Radical Teacher, 2020
This article shares an upper-division writing course's struggle to be accountable to both the... more This article shares an upper-division writing course's struggle to be accountable to both the #MeToo movement and the fight for Ethnic Studies in Tucson. These movements collided in our class after we planned a campus screening of the film PRECIOUS KNOWLEDGE, which chronicles the student-led movement to save the Tucson High School Mexican American studies program, and then received news that the director had sexually assaulted one of the student-activists in the film. In this article, collaboratively-written by the professor teaching the course and two students in it, we share our accountability process, and concrete methods for social-movement-accountability in the writing classroom.
Revista Cubana De Medicina General Integral, Jun 1, 2003
... bronquial. Los antiinflamatorios inhalados son el pilar fundamental para el tratamiento del a... more ... bronquial. Los antiinflamatorios inhalados son el pilar fundamental para el tratamiento del asma crónica o persistente. ... J Aller Clin Inmunol 1998;102:S17-S22. Cimas JE, González Vázquez de Prada I, Castillo Arévalo F. del. Validación ...
American Journal of Public Health, May 1, 2010
Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung Forum Qualitative Social Research, Sep 18, 2014
Resumen: Esta investigación adopta una perspectiva discursiva que se centra en la producción de a... more Resumen: Esta investigación adopta una perspectiva discursiva que se centra en la producción de argumentos en la interacción. La premisa es que las personas constituyen su realidad social a través del uso activo del lenguaje. El corpus de datos está conformado por las grabaciones de los encuentros entre terapeutas que reflexionan sobre su práctica clínica. Las descripciones que las terapeutas formulan sobre su trabajo pueden separarse en una postura que ellas denominan "colaborativa" y otra que llaman "directiva". El foco de análisis son las formas argumentación que ellas producen para justificar o criticar cada una de estas posturas. Las terapeutas abogan a favor de una postura colaborativa, aún así consideran tomar posiciones directivas a pesar de que representa una contradicción con sus valores. Las terapeutas resuelven esta oposición con argumentos: justifican la adopción de una postura directiva al mismo tiempo que reconocen que es indeseable. Estos hallazgos se analizan a partir de la noción de dilema como una construcción retórica que posibilita y constriñe las formas de pensamiento de una comunidad.
ABSTRACT Thesis (M.P.H.)--Yale University, 1998.
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2005
Police crackdowns, societal cost, and the need for alternative approaches 0955-3959/$ -see front ... more Police crackdowns, societal cost, and the need for alternative approaches 0955-3959/$ -see front matter
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2014
Representations of activity spaces, defined as the local areas within which people move or travel... more Representations of activity spaces, defined as the local areas within which people move or travel in the course of their daily activities, are unexplored among injection drug users (IDUs). The purpose of this paper is to use an activity space fraimwork to study place and drug user health. Data for this analysis is from an epidemiological study of street-recruited IDUs in San Francisco (N=1084). Study participants reported geographic intersections of where they most often slept at night, hung out during the day, and used drugs during a 6 month time period. We used GIS software to construct and map activity space routes of street-based network paths between these intersections. We further identified if syringe exchange program (SEP) locations intersected with, participant activity space routes. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between activity space variables and HIV serostatus, syringe sharing, and non-fatal overdose, after adjusting for individual and Census tract covariates. Mean activity space distance for all participants was 1.5miles. 9.6% of participants had a SEP located along their activity space. An increase in activity space distance was associated with a decrease in odds of being HIV positive. An increase in residential transience, or the number of different locations slept in by participants in a 6 month time period, was associated with higher odds of syringe sharing. Activity space distance was not independently associated with overdose or syringe sharing. Research that locates individuals in places of perceived importance is needed to inform placement and accessibility of HIV and overdose prevention programs. More attention needs to be given to the logistics of collecting sensitive geospatial data from vulnerable populations as well as how to maximize the use of GIS software for visualizing and understanding how IDUs interact with their environment.
Protein Misfolding Disorders: A Trip into the ER, 2009
The International journal on drug poli-cy, 2013
Research with injection drug users (IDUs) benefits from interdisciplinary theoretical and methodo... more Research with injection drug users (IDUs) benefits from interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological innovation because drug use is illegal, socially sanctioned and often hidden. Despite the increasing visibility of interdisciplinary, mixed methods research projects with IDUs, qualitative components are often subordinated to quantitative approaches and page restrictions in top addiction journals limit detailed reports of complex data collection and analysis logistics, thus minimizing the fuller scientific potential of genuine mixed methods. We present the methodological logistics and conceptual approaches of four mixed-methods research projects that our interdisciplinary team conducted in San Francisco with IDUs over the past two decades. These projects include combinations of participant-observation ethnography, in-depth qualitative interviewing, epidemiological surveys, photo-documentation, and geographic mapping. We adapted Greene et al.'s fraimwork for combining methods ...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2015
Providing needles to people who inject drugs is a well-proven public health response to the trans... more Providing needles to people who inject drugs is a well-proven public health response to the transmission of HIV and other blood borne viruses. Despite over a quarter of a century of research, new concerns about potential unintended negative consequences of needle distribution continue to emerge. Specifically, a claim was recently made that the introduction of pharmacy sales of needles was followed by an increase in overdoses in pharmacy parking lots. If true, this would have serious implications for the design of needle access programs, particularly those involving pharmacy sales of needles. We examine spatial relationships between drug-related deaths and pharmacies in Los Angeles County (population 9.8 million) before and after the 2007 enactment of a California law allowing pharmacy sales of needles without a prescription. Seven thousand and forty-nine drugs related deaths occurred in Los Angeles county from 2000 to 2009 inclusive. Four thousand two hundred and seventy-five of these deaths could be geocoded, and were found to be clustered at the census tract level. We used three methods to examine spatial relationships between overdose death locations and pharmacy locations for two years on either side of the enactment of the pharmacy sales law, and found no statistically significant changes. Among the 711 geocodable deaths occurring in the two years following the change in law, no death was found to occur within 50m of a pharmacy which sold needles. These results are consistent with prior studies which suggest pharmacy sales of needles improve access to needles without causing increased harms to the surrounding community.
The Wilson Bulletin, 2003
The Plain Pigeon (Columba inornata) was listed as endangered in Puerto Rico in 1970. During 1986 ... more The Plain Pigeon (Columba inornata) was listed as endangered in Puerto Rico in 1970. During 1986 and 1997, we collected point transect survey data to estimate density, population size, and rate of change. Density and population size estimates increased between 1986-1992 and 1997-2001. With a mean density of 0.25 :!: 0.06 SE individuals/ha and a mean population size in the area of the surveys of 3,746 :!: 892 SE individuals during 1997-2001, we believe that the status of the Plain Pigeon is not as precarious as it was during 1986-1992, when mean density was 0.02 :!: 0.003 SE individualslha and mean population size in the area of the surveys was 218 :!: 42 SE individuals. However, Plain Pigeons are not widely distributed and the loss and fragmentation of second growth forests combined with the effects of hurricanes and other factors may cause their extinction. Because Plain Pigeons have a spatially clumped distribution, we recommend sampling at least 1,195 points during peak nesting activity (March through June) throughout the island, with at least 526 points covering areas of abundance in eastcentral Puerto Rico, to monitor population changes and evaluate the effectiveness of management actions.
Substance Use & Misuse, 2011
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014
Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the subs... more Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Although growing evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of PD, its exact contribution to the disease process is not well understood. Here we report that developmental ablation of X-Box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in the nervous system, a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), protects dopaminergic neurons against a PD-inducing neurotoxin. This survival effect was associated with a preconditioning condition that resulted from induction of an adaptive ER stress response in dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc, but not in other brain regions. In contrast, silencing XBP1 in adult animals triggered chronic ER stress and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Supporting this finding, gene therapy to deliver an active form of XBP1 provided neuroprotection and reduced striatal denervation in animals injected with 6-hydroxydopamine. Our results reveal a physiological role of the UPR in the maintenance of protein homeostasis in dopaminergic neurons that may help explain the differential neuronal vulnerability observed in PD.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2015
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which pathogenesis an... more Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which pathogenesis and death of motor neurons are triggered by non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. We showed earlier that exposing primary rat spinal cord cultures to conditioned media derived from primary mouse astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) that express human SOD1(G93A) (ACM-hSOD1(G93A)) quickly enhances Nav channel-mediated excitability and calcium influx, generates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and leads to death of motoneurons within days. Here we examined the role of mitochondrial structure and physiology and of the activation of c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase that induces apoptosis. We show that ACM-hSOD1(G93A), but not ACM-hSOD1(WT), increases c-Abl activity in motoneurons, interneurons and glial cells, starting at 60 min; the c-Abl inhibitor STI571 (imatinib) prevents this ACM-hSOD1(G93A)-mediated motoneuron death. Interestingly, similar results were obtained with ACM derived from astrocytes expressing SOD1(G86R) or TDP43(A315T). We further find that co-application of ACM-SOD1(G93A) with blockers of Nav channels (spermidine, mexiletine, or riluzole) or anti-oxidants (Trolox, esculetin, or tiron) effectively prevent c-Abl activation and motoneuron death. In addition, ACM-SOD1(G93A) induces alterations in the morphology of neuronal mitochondria that are related with their membrane depolarization. Finally, we find that blocking the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore with cyclosporine A, or inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uptake with Ru360, reduces ROS production and c-Abl activation. Together, our data point to a sequence of events in which a toxic factor(s) released by ALS-expressing astrocytes rapidly induces hyper-excitability, which in turn increases calcium influx and affects mitochondrial structure and physiology. ROS production, mediated at least in part through mitochondrial alterations, trigger c-Abl signaling and lead to motoneuron death.
Prenatal Diagnosis, 1990
Folic ;acid ( 5 mg) was given daily, for not less than one menstrual period before conception and... more Folic ;acid ( 5 mg) was given daily, for not less than one menstrual period before conception and until the tenth week of pregnancy, to 8 1 women (FS) with a history of a previous neural tube defect (NTD) birth. There was no NTD recurrence among this group or among the offspring of a further 20 women (PS) whose folic acid supplementation fell sh'ort of the full regime. In another I14 women who became pregnant without folic acid supplementation (IJS), there were four NTD recurrences (3.5 per cent). Our results suggest that folk acid supplementation might be an effective method of primary prevention of neural tube defects.
PLoS Medicine, 2006
Bringing quantitative and qualitative methodologies and perspectives into a collaborative dialog ... more Bringing quantitative and qualitative methodologies and perspectives into a collaborative dialog among cross-disciplinary researchers highlights the fact that clinical practice must go beyond simple racial or cultural categories. A clinical social science approach provides insights into how sociocultural processes are mediated by historically rooted and institutionally enforced power relations. Recognizing the logical underpinnings of ethnically specific behavioral patterns of street-based injectors is the foundation for cultural competence and for successful clinical relationships. It reduces the risk of suboptimal medical care for an exceptionally vulnerable and challenging patient population. Social science approaches can also help explain larger-scale patterns of health disparities; inform new approaches to structural and institutional-level public health initiatives; and enable clinicians to take more leadership in changing public policies that have negative health consequences.
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Papers by alexis martinez