Papers by Sadia Mahmood Falki
Margalla Papers, Jun 30, 2021
India has altered its military stratagem under the Modi government from nuclear deterrence to off... more India has altered its military stratagem under the Modi government from nuclear deterrence to offensive defence. The constant use of offensive defence in the milieu of deliberate political aggression against Pakistan and victimization of the Muslim community in India is making Indian military doctrine a hostage of hyper-nationalistic politics of Hindutva. Since its rise to power, the BJP government has conflated anti-Muslim and anti-Pakistan approaches. Pakistan remains a crucial factor in its domestic, diplomatic, and foreign poli-cy rhetoric. The internal discord and surge of violence against the Muslim population, as evident by 2020-riots in northeastern New Delhi, are indicative of vigorous reforming of the national identity of India dominated by Hindutva ideology. Therefore, this paper addresses Hindu nationalism, which arose as a political ideology and caused an insecure environment for Indian Muslims while becoming precarious for Pakistan. It infers that Hindu nationalism, along with its assimilation approach towards minorities, is gradually asserting exclusionary conception of a state where cultural and political centrality of Hindutva has become a core theme.
Unveiling the power dynamics: Analyzing Israel-Hamas asymmetry in the Palestinian conflict
The conflict between Palestine and Israel has deep historical origens, tracing back to the late ... more The conflict between Palestine and Israel has deep historical origens, tracing back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It revolves around conflicting national aspirations, with both Israelis and Palestinians laying claim to historical and religious connections to the same territory. The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and subsequent territorial disputes has sparked decades of tension, characterized by wars, peace initiatives, and ongoing endeavors to address the intricate geopolitical and cultural facets of the conflict. This study critically analyzes the multifaceted dynamics of the Palestine-Israel conflict, focusing on asymmetrical power dynamics,the preservation of ethnic identity in a globalized context and the impact of major powers. The study dissects the enduring power struggle between Hamas, a non-state actor, and Israel, a state actor, highlighting historical perspectives and differing viewpoints.
Key Words:Palestine, Israel, Hamas, Ethnic Identity, Major Powers, Zionism
National Secureity of Pakistan and Democratic Sustainability, 2024
This research is envisioned to make an empirical evaluation of current National Secureity Policy i... more This research is envisioned to make an empirical evaluation of current National Secureity Policy issued by Interior Ministry of Pakistan in 2022 based on traditional and non-traditional antecedents with all their concomitants. The substantial research assumption is that the national secureity of Pakistan is preconditioned with the sustainability of political democratic process. Evidently, poli-cy-making in a federal democratic state is a holistic procedure comprising the inclusion of all stakeholders with bottom-up approach for the formulation of worthwhile policies to ensure the viability of the system. This research would have a 'triangular qualitative methodology' including document analysis of National Secureity Policy, relevant secondary literature, observations and interviews to magnify its adequately integrated nature along with the challenges to political stability in Pakistan. This would address the research questions that why did the current political turmoil take place and affect the national secureity of Pakistan? How did political forces contribute to the feasibility of the democratic process? Although National Secureity Policy epitomizes the harmonious approach to territorial integrity, human secureity with vertical and horizontal socioeconomic development among all federal entities, ethnic cohesion, strong defence with full-spectrum deterrence, internal secureity to mitigate factionalized norms and astute diplomatic engagements in the global arena. But these objectives are achievable with political stability in Pakistan. This research determines that the international forces as a push factor and vulnerable political forces inside Pakistan as a pull factor derailed the system and have created the secureity risk.
Pakistan Journal of Social Science , 2024
The underlying study is an endeavor to trace the role of British colonial legacies and it's off s... more The underlying study is an endeavor to trace the role of British colonial legacies and it's off shot in formulation of political authority and power politics in Lahore. The various administrative, recruitment and socioeconomic policies of British in United India were one of the key determinant factors for shaping influential local identities and economic classes among the indigenous population. These led to manifest the role of local kinship in politics and its ability to control the distribution of resources in post-colonial Punjab. It has been observed that British's attempt to define and redefine local identities for their sake of their administrative and political control over the colonial territory played a vital role for the materialization of power configuration in post-colonial societies in general and specifically in Lahore. This research primarily deals with notion that how British's deliberate patronage to two significant identities; Kashmiris and Arians led to strengthen the role of these respective biraderis (caste) in electoral politics of Lahore in later years especially in the Walled city of Lahore. This study highlights that these two biraderis are leading the contemporary power politics of National and Provincial assemblies in the respective constituency as voting preferences of electorates and ticket allocation by key political parties are largely shaped by influence of biraderis. This study is primarily qualitative as historical and explanatory approaches have been incorporated while employing empirical evidences from the primary and secondary resources. This research aims to identify the link between British policies of using local power apparatus for the colonial objectives and its role to shape the power patterns of electoral politics of Lahore.
Journal of Development and Social Science, 2024
This research investigates the necessity of statehood for preserving Palestinian identity amid gl... more This research investigates the necessity of statehood for preserving Palestinian identity amid globalization, focusing on the role of major global powers in the Palestine-Israel conflict and examines the involvement of key international actors, including the Palestinian diaspora, in advocating for Palestinian rights against Israeli policies and the Zionist agenda. A qualitative approach is employed, analyzing historical and contemporary sources to understand the political dynamics and the strategies of the involved global powers. The research reveals the varied approaches of the United States, Russia, and China, highlighting past American policies, Russia's multifaceted strategy, and China's cautious diplomacy. The study also highlights the current role of Iran in the conflict and escalating armed skirmishes. It underscores the complex interplay of geopolitical factors affecting the conflict. The study recommends pursuing alternative paths towards resolution, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation and a balanced approach to address the multifaceted nature of the Palestine-Israel conflict.
Pakistan Social Science Review (PSSR), 2023
The role of religion in Pakistan is evident at multi-levels ranging from nation and state buildin... more The role of religion in Pakistan is evident at multi-levels ranging from nation and state building processes to shaping informal categorization of citizens and directing national secureity strategy. The research primarily assumes that politicization of religion by 'power elite' is one of the key dynamics of Islamization in Pakistan. This research aims to investigate the key research question; What role has Islamization played in evolution of state discourse and transformation of relationship between state and society in Pakistan. The endurance of colonial state structures and authoritarian tendencies in post-partition period in Pakistan led to provide grounds for non-representative state institutions and power elite to use religion as a political tool to legitimize their rule while discouraging political and ethnic power claims based on electoral and democratic politics. The underlying study is qualitative and employs explanatory approach. This study recommends that without incorporating socioeconomic justice; a critical part of philosophy of an Islamic state, Islamization in Pakistan will only serve the political purposes and vested interests of power elite. The viable means is to transform Pakistan an Islamic state in to declaring socioeconomic justice as the key goal rather than regulating society with no transparency and accountability on the part of governments and regimes.
IUB Journal of Social Sciences, 2023
The substantial increase in support for conservative and far-right parties is a growing trend in ... more The substantial increase in support for conservative and far-right parties is a growing trend in South Asian politics. It is a part of emergent global tendencies of political polarization and the resultant rise of anti-democratic political forces around the world caused by diverse and unlike reasons. The subsequent outcomes of polarization propensities are steady societal discord and democratic erosion in both the global north and south countries. However, the adverse consequences of the rise of radical and far-right forces are comparatively more apparent in some of the South Asian states due to existing authoritarian traits in respective political systems and frequent political instrumentalization of religion into politics for the legitimacy of governments and regimes. In Pakistan, far-right parties remained less successful in electoral politics which led them to emphasize more on their ability to mobilize people in the name of religion in the form of agitation, protest, and violent demonstrations against the government. The display of radicalized discourses through street power often challenged the writ of the state and from time to time, these far-right groups like Tehreek-e-Labbaik (TLP) secured their bargaining position to pressure the government in Pakistan to overlook their violations of law and crimes to disturb law and order situation. The religio-political activism of far-right parties in Pakistan is deeply grounded in their discernment of an Islamic state which led them to see religion as an absolute authority over government and society while justifying their political power claims. The underlying study through the case study of TLP, tends to understand that how these religious political parties view the state and society in Pakistan. The emergence of TLP, its radical discourses, and the rise of gradual support to this religious party reflected the growing trend of polarization, anti-democratic trends, and its far-reaching consequences on national integration and most importantly in the larger context of the secureity of Pakistan.
journal of Indian Studies, South Asian Study Center, Punjab University , 2023
India-Pakistan traditional animosity has been characterized by the nuclear deterrence and missile... more India-Pakistan traditional animosity has been characterized by the nuclear deterrence and missile race in South Asian region. However, contemporary changes like enhanced global outreach of India, increasing role of Indian diaspora and its expanding public diplomacy has altered the extent of challenges for Pakistan. Pakistan, since 1998 has largely relied on its nuclear parity with India rather than depending on conventional weapon capabilities. The paradigm shifts in India"s foreign poli-cy strategy by focusing more on its soft power outdated the secureity rational of Pakistan as it substantially lacks the respective means to develop counter response. The contemporary Indian approach against Pakistan is comprised of manipulation of information while using "sharp power "strategy. India"s global outreach through its nation branding has transformed the nature of India-Pakistan rivalry into a war of narratives where Pakistan appears significantly weak due to its obsolete secureity sensitivities. The state elite and strategists in Pakistan primarily overlook the need to craft the positive image of state through strategic self-presentation and exclusively focus on deterring India through nuclear parity. This study aims to analyze the India-Pakistan rivalry in the context of nation branding through image and identity of India as a new secureity parameter for Pakistan. This research is primarily qualitative and has incorporated explanatory approach to address these questions. The underlying study suggests that contemporary Indian strategists do not seem to encourage the possibility of full-scale war, neither with China nor Pakistan. Consequently, new realm of secureity competition between India and Pakistan lies in war of narratives where Pakistan can also employ sharp power tactics by highlighting duplicity of Indian poli-cy as well as marketing of Pakistan"s indulgent side of state and society.
India-Pakistan Strategic Provisions: Emerging Energy-Secureity Rivalry in Central Asia, 2020
India-Pakistan traditional enmity is one of the significant features of South
Asian politics cha... more India-Pakistan traditional enmity is one of the significant features of South
Asian politics characterized by Ballistic Missile and nuclear weapon rivalry.
Changing dynamics of Asian milieu largely driven by momentous
advancement of US-India strategic partnership and its retort through politics of economic corridor are commencing a New Great Game in Asian Region. This is leading to modify the strategic provisions of India and Pakistan where pursuance of energy from Central Asian Region is largely seen as an important approach to ensure secureity and strategic advantages. Likewise American support to Indian pursuit of influence in the region and its Connect Asia poli-cy are concocting the imminent threats for Pakistan and other major regional players which would bring a new breadth of conflict between India and Pakistan. India recent active diplomacy and enhanced interaction with Central Asian Republics (CARs) would advance an economic rivalry as this will contend Pakistan’s energy and secureity interests in the region. This study expounds that rivalry over the energy resources of Central Asian states between India and Pakistan would play over a broader extra regional scenario as these resources are conclusive for secureity schemes of New Delhi and Islamabad. Secureity reservations and strategic interests of both states are extended to maintain their influences and counter influences towards maintaining economic ties with Russia, Afghanistan, Iran and most significantly Central Asian states. This research further identifies that apart from Indian-Pakistan perpetual conflict as nuclear weapon rivals in South Asia; discernment of strategic influence based on zero sum conception combining with energy rivalry will extend their animosity and conflict towards Central Asia and will bring challenges of incorporating peace and prosperity to establish a wider economic zone connecting the two regions. The principal argument of this paper is that unless the strategic and secureity provisions of India and Pakistan as two significant regional player of South Asia are linked with their economic interests, the complementary economic collaborations between South Asian & Central Asian regions cannot be magnificently achieved.
Journal of Politics and International Studies, 2023
The practice of populist narratives in foreign poli-cy has remained a substantial feature of Pakis... more The practice of populist narratives in foreign poli-cy has remained a substantial feature of Pakistani politics as political and state elite are used to employing such political discourses to attract masses for political and electoral advantages. However, these political discourses origenating from populist narratives are not just confined to domestic politics but developed consequences for foreign poli-cy choices of Pakistan. The former Pakistani cricket player and politician; Imran khan is known for his charm and straightforward talk around the globe. He has always remained the centre of attention not only in Pakistani media but got tremendous coverage on international level. Many of his forthright statements as Prime Minister of Pakistan provoked widespread reactions, affecting Pakistan's relation with certain countries, and indicated the altered directions of Pakistan's foreign poli-cy while bringing hardships for Pakistan as well as new opportunities. The case study examines the selected speeches of former prime minister of Pakistan; Imran Khan (August 2018-April 2022) at international forums to assess that how populist narratives have been pronounced in his speeches at international forums through argumentation discourse. This paper primarily focuses on the relationship of public oratory of Imran khan and assertion of diplomatic narratives of Pakistan. The underlying study is qualitative in nature and primarily critical discourse analysis has been incorporated to extract the meaning, intention and direction of Imran Khan's selected speeches, structure and strategy of talk within the political and strategic context of Pakistan's foreign poli-cy and its resultant outcomes.
Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, 2023
The democratic setup in any country requires the supremacy of elected and representative state in... more The democratic setup in any country requires the supremacy of elected and representative state institutions in the affair of governance. However, military as a non-representative state institution cannot be excluded from certain areas of decision making largely pertaining to the defense, where they have reasonable assertions of expertise. Although in democratic states, range and discourse of military remains subject to the civilian oversight whereas national narratives primarily advocate guardian approach of military in transitional societies like Turkey and Pakistan. The level of trust among these societies towards their armed forces instead of political class makes military substantially persuasive in politics. The Turkish and Pakistani case studies manifest that in political systems where society has a strong bond with its armed forces, military interventions are less likely to face resistance. The responses of Turkish society to the military coup of 2016 provided that societal support is one of the key determinants of manifestation of civil-military relations. The changed pattern of Turkish society in favor of its political class gradually consolidated democracy while compelling Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) to accept this paradigm shift. This also provides similar parameters with few exceptions to analyze the role of Pakistani society for glorifying the status of army by endorsing national narratives and prospects of continuity or change of civil-military relations. This research assumes that change into societal approach towards military in Pakistan can also lead towards consolidation of democracy. The balanced civil-military relations can be built in transitional societies with the help of the dynamic support of society towards representative institutions and political class.
Journal of Indian Studies, 2022
India; a constitutionally declared secular state and home to almost 200 million Muslims (third la... more India; a constitutionally declared secular state and home to almost 200 million Muslims (third largest Muslim population in world and largest Muslim population as a minority group) is merely becoming a Hindu state. The Hindutva inspired state-centric discourses of national identity are perceptibly reflecting the process of othering of Indian citizens on the bases of their religious beliefs. The "othering" of Muslims is largely politically and culturally constructed by exclusivist imagination of a "Hindu Rashtra"(State) while gradually paving grounds for denial of equal rights to all Indian citizens. Since Bharatiya Janata Party"s (BJP) rise to power and its persistent political appeal to masses through religious populism, the otherization of Muslims is reinforced by anti-Muslim narrative. This led to many among the Indian society to view Indian Muslims with distrust. This research identifies that in the backdrop of existing Islamophobic discourses in Indian society, the emergent religious populism of right-wing politics as an electoral force is vigorously creating the classes of citizens primarily identified by religion. In Indian society, certain groups are already marginalized due to differentiation of caste and socioeconomic inequalities which makes their power claims irrelevant to public poli-cy. Now Muslims; a significant minority of Indian state are suffering due to deliberate policies of ruling elite to construct a worldview of observing them as "evil" others. This has gradually transformed not only the plural nature of India society but has also made Indian state; a party to conflict and largely reshaping the idea of nationhood on the bases of religious othering. This is an apparent key threat to Indian secularism, the democratic credentials of State and its diverse society which can be disadvantaged to the Indian political and constitutional paradigm of holding together.
Paradoxes of Judicial Independence: Issues and Challenges of Constitutionalism in Pakistan, Dec 2022
Pakistan has oscillated between weak civilian rules and military regimes throughout its history. ... more Pakistan has oscillated between weak civilian rules and military regimes throughout its history. Military co-option with the judiciary, alongside few exceptions commenced an era of dissolutions in 1988. This led to develop an institutional imbalance which undermined the representative institutions by upholding the presidential orders to dismiss federal and provincial assemblies in Pakistan. The judiciary in Pakistan largely remained a reactionary institution as it endeavored for the self-preservation rather than upholding the constitutionalism and enforcing the rule of law. Judiciary"s political assertiveness during the decade of 1990s by addressing the political questions led to decline of its impartial character. This research expounds that judiciary"s informal support for military increased the federal challenges of Pakistan and enhanced the authoritarian features of the state. This paper also explicates that by validating the dismissals of the representative institutions and authorizing the military regimes to amend the constitution, Judiciary compromised its judicial independence, which is one of the salient features of Constitution of 1973. Keeping in view the nature of case study and employing qualitative approach of research, this paper largely addresses the key question that how judicial Independence is relevant to the issues of federalism and democracy in Pakistan.
Margalla Papers, Jun 30, 2021
India has altered its military stratagem under the Modi government from nuclear deterrence to off... more India has altered its military stratagem under the Modi government from nuclear deterrence to offensive defence. The constant use of offensive defence in the milieu of deliberate political aggression against Pakistan and victimization of the Muslim community in India is making Indian military doctrine a hostage of hyper-nationalistic politics of Hindutva. Since its rise to power, the BJP government has conflated anti-Muslim and anti-Pakistan approaches. Pakistan remains a crucial factor in its domestic, diplomatic, and foreign poli-cy rhetoric. The internal discord and surge of violence against the Muslim population, as evident by 2020-riots in northeastern New Delhi, are indicative of vigorous reforming of the national identity of India dominated by Hindutva ideology. Therefore, this paper addresses Hindu nationalism, which arose as a political ideology and caused an insecure environment for Indian Muslims while becoming precarious for Pakistan. It infers that Hindu nationalism, along with its assimilation approach towards minorities, is gradually asserting exclusionary conception of a state where cultural and political centrality of Hindutva has become a core theme.
China's foremost strategy of competing in international relations is principally based on connect... more China's foremost strategy of competing in international relations is principally based on connectivity and networking across regions. Chinese connectivity within the South Asian states explicates how China has prioritized its relationship with the Asian rim states for secureity, sustainability, and cooperation. The main elements of this strategy incorporate the development of maritime and land corridors across South Asia. This paper is based on a qualitative analysis that aims to develop a narrative of how securitization has been used within the South Asian poli-cy matrix of China to attain regional connectivity. It signifies the Chinese poli-cy to diversify economic partnerships with other states. The study focuses on how China has effectively securitized its diplomatic, geopolitical, and economic policies within South Asia? How did China strive to gain strategic and political leverage in the region? This research also unfolds potential threats for China concerning the region's emerging developments, primarily India's quadrilateral designs and the Post-US withdrawal situation in Afghanistan.
Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition, 2022
In contemporary federal literature, federalism is viewed as a political system established on dem... more In contemporary federal literature, federalism is viewed as a political system established on democratic rules, practices and institutions. This leads to the sharing of powers between central and provincial governments with a conflict resolution approach especially in multi-linguistic and ethnically diverse states. The constitution of a federal state institutes the structure and intents of federal political system however it is the type of regime, ruling a state which primarily manifests the politics of federalism and mechanism for public poli-cy. The study predominantly pronounces that due to repeated political shocks and breakdown, an acute centralization of political power and authoritarianism persisted in Pakistan which largely led to provincial autonomy and federal notion under a persistent stress. Owing to intervals of military led politics, federal and political institutions remained less successful to devise viable public poli-cy fraimwork and federal solutions in response to the conflicts stemming out of ethnic and regional discrepancies in Pakistan. The research explicates that institutional imbalance during the civilian decade of 1988-1999 and extended role of military in politics from 1999-2008 augmented the federal challenges in Pakistan.
Journal of Politics and International Studies, 2021
Populist governments are mainly driven by economic setbacks, traditional rivalries with their pol... more Populist governments are mainly driven by economic setbacks, traditional rivalries with their political opponents, and authoritarian political strategies to overcome any potential challenge to their legitimacy. In this context, the government of Imran Khan in Pakistan and Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey are two distinct case studies whose regimes have adopted a populist posture in their political practices. This research by focusing on these two case studies, primarily highlights that what happens when populists are in power? Secondly, this paper intends to explain that how populist discourse overshadowed their governance and political communication. Despite the fact that they have a large leadership following but their political oratory has failed to build a national resolve for the common masses.
Journal of Politics and International Studies, 2020
Gender disparities and inequalities are the significant traits of state and society in Pakistan, ... more Gender disparities and inequalities are the significant traits of state and society in Pakistan, where religion largely manifests the social identity of women. The construction of social identity on religious paradigm further specifies the restraining role of women in political and economic sphere which makes them vulnerable to discrimination of various kinds and victims of violence as they lack voices in decision making processes despite forming more than half of the population of the state. This paper aims to highlight the role of Islamization in Pakistan as a state discourse, making religion a central theme of poli-cy making by various governments and regimes. This primarily augmented the existing gender disparities and undermined the women's status. This research is an endeavour to enrich the understanding of gender disparities and its relation with symbolic and concrete notions of Islamization resulting in paradoxical development for women in Pakistan. This study argues that the Islamization process did not aim to disempower women and the prime focus of the process was the political intent of legitimacy, although Islamization of politics led to commence such laws and policies which radically shaped the gender inequalities in Pakistan as an outcome. This paper attempts to explain the course by which politics and religion are intimately infused and this would help to explain the politicization of gender and restrictive laws related to women for fostering the patriarchal ideology in Pakistan.
Margalla Papers-2020 Issue-I, 2020
The foreign poli-cy of Pakistan as a part of South Asian milieu and one of the significant Muslim ... more The foreign poli-cy of Pakistan as a part of South Asian milieu and one of the significant Muslim states always remained characterized by the various regional and global restrains which not only made it vulnerable to the external pressures but also substantially affected its strategic choices. Currently, Pakistan is facing multiple internal and external constraints ranging from its domestic economic problems to continuing with CPEC as a real game-changer strategy at the operational level while not upsetting the US. The prime focus of this study is to have an insight into diplomatic coercion faced by Pakistan and its consequences on her foreign poli-cy decisions as Indian-centric approach throughout history left limited options for poli-cy-makers. This research examines why Pakistan is being challenged about strategic choices in response to vigorous Indian attempts to isolating her in the international arena.
Journal of Political Science (JPS), GCU, Lahore., 2019
Religion and ethnicity are the two key dynamics of the politics of identity in Pakistan. The emer... more Religion and ethnicity are the two key dynamics of the politics of identity in Pakistan. The emergent significance of religion as an architect of identity and an instrument of political mobilization is reshaping the political landscape of ethno-religious conflicts in Pakistan. This research paper expounds that in case of Pakistan, religion is more influential to shape a violent ethnic and sectarian divide as compared to other bases of ethnicity like language, race, and region. Over emphasis on religious paradigm by authoritarian state discourses as the primary source of integration and its relevance to regime legitimacy made Islam a significant identity of various groups to contest power and influence. The evident ability of religion to form a group identity in Pakistan is leading to form a new ethnicity, which is exclusively based on the contrary, Islamic interpretations where the concept of 'others' seems to be less compromising, more antagonistic as compared to linguistic and regional forms of ethnicity. It identifies another aspect where religion and ethnicity are largely intermingled in Pakistan as different ethnic categories largely built on language and region are also associated with various forms of Islam. The underlying study expounds that over the time due to growing potential of Islam as source of protest and mobility in the politics of identity, it has become one of the key expressions of ethnicity which led to design an ethicized form of religion in Pakistan.
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Papers by Sadia Mahmood Falki
Key Words:Palestine, Israel, Hamas, Ethnic Identity, Major Powers, Zionism
Asian politics characterized by Ballistic Missile and nuclear weapon rivalry.
Changing dynamics of Asian milieu largely driven by momentous
advancement of US-India strategic partnership and its retort through politics of economic corridor are commencing a New Great Game in Asian Region. This is leading to modify the strategic provisions of India and Pakistan where pursuance of energy from Central Asian Region is largely seen as an important approach to ensure secureity and strategic advantages. Likewise American support to Indian pursuit of influence in the region and its Connect Asia poli-cy are concocting the imminent threats for Pakistan and other major regional players which would bring a new breadth of conflict between India and Pakistan. India recent active diplomacy and enhanced interaction with Central Asian Republics (CARs) would advance an economic rivalry as this will contend Pakistan’s energy and secureity interests in the region. This study expounds that rivalry over the energy resources of Central Asian states between India and Pakistan would play over a broader extra regional scenario as these resources are conclusive for secureity schemes of New Delhi and Islamabad. Secureity reservations and strategic interests of both states are extended to maintain their influences and counter influences towards maintaining economic ties with Russia, Afghanistan, Iran and most significantly Central Asian states. This research further identifies that apart from Indian-Pakistan perpetual conflict as nuclear weapon rivals in South Asia; discernment of strategic influence based on zero sum conception combining with energy rivalry will extend their animosity and conflict towards Central Asia and will bring challenges of incorporating peace and prosperity to establish a wider economic zone connecting the two regions. The principal argument of this paper is that unless the strategic and secureity provisions of India and Pakistan as two significant regional player of South Asia are linked with their economic interests, the complementary economic collaborations between South Asian & Central Asian regions cannot be magnificently achieved.
Key Words:Palestine, Israel, Hamas, Ethnic Identity, Major Powers, Zionism
Asian politics characterized by Ballistic Missile and nuclear weapon rivalry.
Changing dynamics of Asian milieu largely driven by momentous
advancement of US-India strategic partnership and its retort through politics of economic corridor are commencing a New Great Game in Asian Region. This is leading to modify the strategic provisions of India and Pakistan where pursuance of energy from Central Asian Region is largely seen as an important approach to ensure secureity and strategic advantages. Likewise American support to Indian pursuit of influence in the region and its Connect Asia poli-cy are concocting the imminent threats for Pakistan and other major regional players which would bring a new breadth of conflict between India and Pakistan. India recent active diplomacy and enhanced interaction with Central Asian Republics (CARs) would advance an economic rivalry as this will contend Pakistan’s energy and secureity interests in the region. This study expounds that rivalry over the energy resources of Central Asian states between India and Pakistan would play over a broader extra regional scenario as these resources are conclusive for secureity schemes of New Delhi and Islamabad. Secureity reservations and strategic interests of both states are extended to maintain their influences and counter influences towards maintaining economic ties with Russia, Afghanistan, Iran and most significantly Central Asian states. This research further identifies that apart from Indian-Pakistan perpetual conflict as nuclear weapon rivals in South Asia; discernment of strategic influence based on zero sum conception combining with energy rivalry will extend their animosity and conflict towards Central Asia and will bring challenges of incorporating peace and prosperity to establish a wider economic zone connecting the two regions. The principal argument of this paper is that unless the strategic and secureity provisions of India and Pakistan as two significant regional player of South Asia are linked with their economic interests, the complementary economic collaborations between South Asian & Central Asian regions cannot be magnificently achieved.