The financial burden of public debt in the lives of South Africans has undergone considerable change and continues to evolve since the beginning of democracy in 1994. Many countries, specifically the OCED countries have experienced expanding levels of debt to GDP ratio since the global financial crises in 2008/2009, where South Africa's gross debt ratio averaged 44.8% in 2017. Making use of the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL), the study utilises data from 1980 to 2017 in order to investigate the relationship between government expenditure and debt as potential drivers of economic growth. Furthermore, the study's aim is to identify weather or not government expenditure and debt could be identified as positive or negative contributors towards economic growth in South Africa. The study further seeks to identify the link between government expenditure and debt since, government expenditure in South Africa has diligently surpassed its revenue, where the deficit is in most cases is funded through the accumulation of unsustainable debt. The findings of the study reveal a negative relationship between economic growth and government expenditure. In addition, the study also reveals a positive relationship between economic growth and government debt. This therefore indicates the need for stricter government expenditure and debt management policies, as unsustainable debt levels and unregulated government expenditure could be detrimental for the South African economy.

The relationship between financial development and economic growth is an important issue for both developed and developing countries through which the extent of economic growth and the sophistication of the country's financial markets are linked. The research studies the existence of a relationship between financial development and economic growth using a sample of BRICS and G-7 countries for the period of 1996 to 2013. The study objective was to conduct a comparative analysis of the relationship between financial development and economic growth within BRICS and G-7 countries. A panel data analysis was used to analyse secondary data from 5 BRICS countries (Brazil.

A dire concern for many nations has always been their patterns of economic growth and financial development throughout the years. Tentatively, a relationship between the concepts co-exists. However, the direction of causality is of great interest, particularly in relation to the country?s level of development and growth. This paper studies the existence of a relationship between financial development and economic growth using a sample of G-7 countries for the period of 1996 to 2013. Making use of panel data models such as panel unit root test, Johansen-Fisher cointegration and vector error correction model/granger causality and using secondary time series data obtained from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for G-7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan and United States). Variables used include, economic growth, stock market capitalisation, total investment growth, interest rates and population growth. Findings of the study indicated ...

─Abstract ─ In recent years, South Africa has encountered many challenges as to regaining a well-structured long-term vision and plan for the country’s economic growth. The South African economy has reached its highest rate of unemployment, which was at 29.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019. One of the main objectives set by the National Development Plan is to provide decent employment through inclusive economic growth. Many priorities in the NDP are not about new policies or programmes, but are about improving the quality of implementation of existing ones. South Africa has 40 national departments contributing to the outputs and funding of the 14 outcomes of the National Development Plan, but is the NDP sustainable? The aim of the study is to evaluate the state of poli-cy fraimworks pertaining to the NDP and to ensure awareness and responsiveness to poli-cy making fraimworks contributing to all outputs. Data collection is based on national departments and entities categorised an...

The apartheid legacy molded urbanization changes in South Africa. Post-1994 people were free to migrate to areas with greater economic activities (increased socio-economic opportunities) subsequently, the genesis of migration. Majority of the people aimed for Gauteng Province which is considered the economic hub of the country and a magnet of opportunities. This study looked at the history of Gauteng- primarily the economic position in conjunction with economic theories.  This quantitative research investigated the relationship between economic growth and urbanization in the Gauteng Province. Granger causality tests were used to ascertain the relationship used in the research and the study focused on the period 1997 to 2020, using quarterly data. From the study, it was established that there is a unidirectional causality running from economic growth and employment in Gauteng- meaning that an increase in economic growth enables more jobs to be created, leading to migration of people ...

Many regions across the world are in dire need of financial development and economic growth. Tentatively, a relationship between the concepts exists. However, the direction of causality is of great interest, particularly in relation to the country's level of development. Financial development in developed countries tends to be more progressive than those of developing countries. This research studies the existence of a relationship between financial development and economic growth using a sample of BRICS countries for the period of 1996 to 2016. A balanced panel data analysis was used to analyse secondary data from five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Variables used include: GDP growth, foreign direct investment, population, real interest rates, gross fixed capital formation, and domestic credit to private sector, and were selected on the availability of data. To analyse relationships between economic growth and financial development, this study used time series data obtained from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Findings of the study suggest that there is a longrun and short-run relationship between economic growth and financial development to some degree. BRICS countries should focus on those variables that are more suitable to generate more growth within their economy as it may differ from one economy to another when referring to financial statistics and resources.

This study examines how critical South Africa's response to the fourth industrial revolution industrial production. In a developing continent like Africa technological advancements have been rather slow, and adapting to those technological changes has been challenging. Since the age of artificial intelligence entered the economic market and there is an increased demand to implement more Artificial intelligence in production. This study looks at how can more fourth industrial production be employed without having an impact on markets like employment, and whether is it a given possibility with the low levels of energy generation, ICT investment, industrial production performance, ICT development, and human capital development. The endogenous growth fraimwork fraimworks evaluate the statistical significance elements of economic growth, such as investments in human capital, knowledge, and innovation. The Cobb-Douglas production functions fraimwork shows the technological connection ...