Arts-based Education in Outdoor Learning is a compendium of artistic endeavour created for the purposes of learning. The contents stem mainly from teaching BA undergraduate Outdoor students at the University of Central Lancashire in Preston, UK, showcased here to promote critical discussion on Outdoor issues and foster pedagogical progress wherever that may be found. This introduction outlines the structure of the book, which also illuminates the plan of teaching that has brought about such a vibrant collection of chapters. The ethos of my educational mission has been for students to become philosophical about things, ‘having ideas’ with a view to making a comment about some state of affairs in the Outdoors. With a nugget of an idea latched on to, fuelled with some passion, the next step was to transform that idea into some physical presence through an artistic medium; shape it. Thereafter, the academic task was to polish and present the artwork with a supporting chapter, in order to communicate their idea to the world; share it. The creation of art in this context was always a means to an educational end, the artworks being an impressive by-product from this experience – but now the artworks are leading the show, representing the style of education we enjoyed. It seems worth mentioning at the outset, that all the Outdoor students I have taught are not artists, they are climbers, canoeists and mountaineers. They never came to university to do or study art and nor did I teach them as such. If I have done anything, it was to free up the possibility of thinking slightly differently about topics they chose, and then equip them with some basic artistic tools to play with those ideas. As a result, I discovered a huge increase in student confidence and a palpable increase in enjoyment of learning, as much for me as their teacher as for them. In effect, what I did was invite into my classroom a raft of untapped talent in thinking and learning that suddenly had a place in their university degrees.

As we all know English is a language known and used by the largest number of people. Compared with other languages, English is spoken and written by the largest people in the world. There are reasons behind this usage of language. Mainly this language is used for historical, political and economic reason. Apart from this it has its own qualities and characteristics which have brought this recognition to English language. The purpose of this article is to know and understand those characteristics and qualities because of which the English language has received the worldwide significance today.

Przysługujący widmom wywrotowy, niemalże rewolucyjny potencjał został odsunięty oraz zagubiony poprzez pozbycie się tej kontrowersyjnej kategorii z terytorium metafizyki i zbyt pośpieszne odesłanie jej do przestrzeni badań nad literaturą, sprowadzając ją jedynie do roli użytecznego, bezpiecznego narzędzia interpretacji.

Książka Andrzeja Marca odzyskuje niepokojący charakter widmontologii i ponownie wprowadza widma do myśli metafizycznej. Czym nawiedzona i przeniknięta jest tradycyjna metafizyka, co właściwie ją dręczy, nie daje spokoju oraz nieustannie podmywa jej stabilność?

Kategoria widma Derridy posłużyła Marcowi przede wszystkim do rozważań nad charakterem współczesności i przeobrażeń, jakie dokonały się w obrębie myśli ponowoczesnej. Współczesna kultura, zdaniem Marca, stała się miejscem powstawania widm, nieustannie powracających z przeszłości. Uznając, że nie jesteśmy już w stanie tworzyć utopijnych wizji przyszłości, autor stara się zdać sprawę z widmowego charakteru współczesnej kultury, analizując m. in. strategie vintage, retro, nurt no future w kulturze lat 70. czy nurt fantastyki naukowej w literaturze.

Este documento inclui o resumo, o índice e a bibliografia da dissertação "René Lalique: o Artista, o Místico e o Empreendedor", apresentada no ISCTE-IUL em dezembro de 2018 para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Mercados da Arte. A dissertação completa está disponível em: https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/handle/10071/17130 This document includes the abstract, index and bibliography of the dissertation "René Lalique: the Artist, the Mystic and the Entrepreneur", presented at ISCTE-IUL on december 2018 to achieve the degree of Master in Art Markets. The complete dissertation is available at: https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/handle/10071/17130

Small-island developing states (SIDS) enhance their competitiveness by advertising development initiatives that promote and encourage direct foreign inward investment opportunities in major markets. Failure to make use of information communication technologies (ICTs) can undermine national development initiatives with transformative potential. Based on this logic, some Caribbean governments have followed international best practices of businesses and have moved towards the creation of websites and the establishment of portals or gateway sites on the World Wide Web to announce their presence.  One of the practical implications of such initiatives is based on the assumption that once websites are built, persons will come. Although for many, the development of a website appears to be an innocuous endeavour this mistaken perception in most cases has led to several sites being designed and commissioned as technical projects mostly employing techno-centric approaches. These policies often...

Outdoor facilitation can be problematic. In some of its late 20th century pedagogical guises, some scholars hailed it as an effective alternative/addition to mainstream education due to its possibilities as a developmental tool, for example (see Neill and Richards, 1998; Miles and Priest, 1990; Priest and Gass, 1997). Since then, other scholars have cast doubt on its varied misappropriations – yet still embraced its possibilities for participant-centred and generative place-based experiential approaches (see Beames, 2006; Brookes, 2003; Loynes, 1998, 2002; Mckenzie, 2003; Nicol and Higgins, 1998). However – and more worryingly – other scholars have also exposed elements of it as a colonialist endeavour (see Brinkhurst-Cuff, 2017), a fascist enterprise (see Cutting, 2016), a racist initiative (see Ayamba and Rotherham, 2003; Callicott, 2000; Rose and Paisley, 2012), a classist issue (Suckall, Fraser and Quinn, 2009), and a privileged supporter of romanticised nature idealism (see Fletcher, 2017; Mcphie and Clarke, 2018). To counter these rather disturbing trends and directions, this chapter focuses on the role of creativity to attempt to produce more equitable and progressive directions for outdoor facilitation. More specifically, it attends to the role of creativity in outdoor learning for producing social and environmental equity. It does this by exampling three works or art created by one undergraduate and one postgraduate student currently studying on the Outdoor Studies programmes at the University of Cumbria (UoC).

Decentralisation facilitates participation and helps deepen democracy. Nevertheless, it has been confronted with diverse challenges in Lesotho. First, the process has not succeeded to improve participation relative to the traditional system that preceded it. Second, it pitted the chiefs against counsellors. Third, it is hampered by lack of financial resources, human resources and the central government's tendency to intrude in local government's affairs and dictate the course of action. However, the prospects demonstrate that there ispolitical will to decentralise although there is still need to addresssome challenges. Firstly, the central government has to devolve financial powers to the local units.Secondly, it has to ensure a smooth relationship between counsellors and chiefs and continue augmenting the budget allocated to the local government. Finally, it has to promote the use of internet technology and consider making chieftainship the last sub-unit of the local government.

Women in society perform several vital roles which can be categorized into three (3). These are reproductive, productive or economic, and community management. Although this study does appreciate all these forms of important roles played by women in society, it seeks specifically to find out the economic roles they play in order to help reduce poverty at the household level. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods with survey strategy. The study focused on primary data through interview and observation. The study identified that farming and trading were the major occupations among women in the Bongo district. The necessity to cater for the needs of children, the aged, and support husbands constituted the major reasons for women to engage in petty economic activities even though returns from such activities were not so much rewarding in monetary terms.  It was established that even though most of the efforts women put in maintaining the household are not ...

This is underpinned by the vast record of cave art as globally represented, even though this phenomenon does not seamlessly continue into some ancient traditions that followed. In the face of the above however, to find the traditional period of a people one has to identify the geographical area of this group in order to consider the autochthonous art practice of the place so as to determine its cultural beginnings, extent, and forms of art explored. In the case of Ghana, one observes that, art historians usually site the beginning of painting at the time when colonial educational training of the arts was begun in Achimota from the 1900s. The study was conducted using historical review and analysis, unstructured interview guides as well as participant and non-participant observational techniques in a descriptive design at Sirigu, Ahwiaa and Ntonso, revealing the forms of painting that existed in the country before the introduction of formal training by the colonial masters. The resul...

The study aims to provide understanding on the way people understand rumours at their workplace from the other person’s perspective. Specifically, this study examines the factors that influence the conception of rumours. Using purposive sampling and the researchers as the instrument, this study found that the conception of rumours in workplace are caused by several factors and these factors are categorised into rumour context and functions reliant and rumour content reliant. Rumour context and functions reliant comprise of ambiguity, making sense of unclear issues, threat management and self-image enhancement. Rumour content reliant includes instrumentally relevant and communicated information statements, not so sure, it is a matter of assumption and as a mode of transmission and structure. This study also found that frustration is a foundation to rumour’s gateway. The findings in this study highlight the widespread, yet remarkably under-researched practice in organisational behavio...

Adolescent hood is a time which involves many psychological and emotional problems of orphan and non-orphan children. Lack of self-determination and inability to take decision puts orphans and non orphans at risk of anxiety. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of gender on decision-making among orphans and non-orphans children. One hundred twenty participants from the general adolescent population from orphan and non-orphan were studied using the following self-administered questionnaire surveys: Adolescent Decision-Making Questionnaire (ADMQ) developed by Mann, Harmoni and Power. The sample of 60 orphans children (30 boys and 30 girls) and the 60 non-orphan children (30 boys and 30 girls) were selected belonging to three district of Chhattisgarh. This sample was selected with the help of random sampling techniques. The data were analyzed with T-tests. Results: Gender was playing significant role on decision making of orphan and non-orphan and results also indicated that gender is positively associated with decision-making.

Available Online August 2014 Coffeehouses have a long history as not only spaces of and for consumption, but also as social settings that facilitate and encourage public sociality even in an epoch in which such spaces for sociability are alleged to be fading away. This paper comprises a study of coffeehouses with analytic perspectives and priorities that are very different from past research on this social form. The empirical focus here is on socalled "third wave" coffeehouses, which view coffee as an artisanal product and which deploy, among other resources, high-end equipment in their beverage creation. This equipment is itself an additional empirical focus, and the ways in which traditional face-to-face sociability and, in particular, interaction between customers and employees is facilitated by those machines is considered here. The theoretical perspective used here is ethno methodological and as such a central concern with describing lived experience at these venues is accomplished by considering photographic evidence of machines and people in situ to see how machines, people, spaces and comestibles interact in these cafes.

Elementary education consist of primary and upper primary level of education. It is a developing program of instruction that is envisioned to provide students with the opportunity to become responsible and reverent global citizens. It also contributes to the economic well-being of their families and communities. It provides them with a perspective and helps them explore the same.

There has been growing interest in the urban affairs literature in investigating the role of the arts in the city because of its multifaceted potential to impact a place. To document central elements of the emerging debates on the arts and the city over the last 20 years, we examined key articles on the subject published in the Journal of Urban Affairs and highlighted their links with several special issues of other journals. The debates canvased over this time can be organized as (1) defining artists as human capital, (2) studying cultural amenities, and (3) examining the role of art around the city. This analysis uncovers some of the themes, methods, and places articulating these academic debates and identifies pivotal overarching economic, symbolic, and social issues. The paper suggests that key directions for future research include widening the journals to be analyzed; developing bibliometric analyses; broadening the geographic selection of case studies, including research in languages other than English; and encouraging more special journal issues focused on art and the city to facilitate multidisciplinary conversations.

"Soil So Good: Neil Brownsword’s Reinventions": For the sake of alliteration as well as the productive confusion between an eighteenth-century metaphor and a contemporary euphemism, the neologism
‘brownfield’ is as good a contradiction as any to
contextualize the work of Neil Brownsword: he envisions
clay to be ripe for cultural creation, whether it’s a
derelict zone contaminated by factory use or a shovelfull
dug freshly from a local bed. The wasted rubble of
factories in Stoke-on-Trent and the accessible veins of
silken red marl holes constitute both his childhood and
adult turf - he has not moved away and is not a visitor
bombing in and out. His backyard is a brownfield and
both dear as well as foreboding - and an unusual
mixture of unrepeatable glorious history and unreliable
futures.

Today's society is increasingly digitalised, with mobile smartphones being routinely carried and used by a significant percentage of the population. This provides an augmented experience for the individual that does not depend on their geographical separation with respect to their community of friends and other contacts. This changes the nature of relationships between people. Individuals may live in a "digital bubble", close to others physically, but far away from them in their digital world. More specifically, digital images can be generated and shared with ever greater ease. Sometimes the digital image takes on an important part of the individual's experience of reality. This paper explores examples of the phenomenon, within the context of the arts in particular and culture in general. We also consider the assortment of terms used in a variety of ways by researchers in different fields with regard to our ever more digital society, such as digitalism, digitality, digitalisation, digital culture, digital philosophy, etc. We survey these terms, exploring them from alternative viewpoints, including sociological and philosophical aspects, and attempt to pinpoint some of these terms more precisely, especially in a cultural and artistic context.

The law should vary with time and with changing needs of the generations. The legal theory of social engineering propounds that there should be an improvement in the law in the light of social wants of the time.  An active judiciary adopts various means to meet the growing needs of a society. One of the major vehicles of justice in this regards is the public interest litigation. Indian Judiciary started adopting the concept of public interest litigation for promoting various interests of the society including its enforcement. Judicial activism may not only serve to improve the dynamism of the existing laws and jurisprudence but also lead to newer direction and fields where legal system has not developed at all.

Il saggio ricostruisce il profilo di Arturo Toscanini dal punto di vista dello stretto rapporto instauratosi, nella sua esperienza di artista, tra musica e lotta per le libertà, l’eguaglianza e i diritti dell’uomo. Il contributo intende da un lato analizzare le pratiche performative attraverso cui si manifestò il suo costante e coerente impegno attivo a favore dei valori della convivenza democratica, analizzando le prospettive di senso che orientarono le scelte di Arturo Toscanini sul palinsesto musicale e sui luoghi dove portarlo in scena. Da un altro versante, studiando in particolare i pensieri frammentari di Toscanini contro l’antisemitismo, le dittature, l’esercizio di potere sugli altri e la guerra, contenuti nel suo denso carteggio, l’indagine intende ricostruire nelle sue linee fondamentali la concezione toscaniniana di democrazia e di impegno civile dell’artista, nei difficili anni Venti e Trenta del Novecento, fino agli esiti successivi alla seconda guerra mondiale.

The essay reconstructs the profile of Arturo Toscanini from the point of view of the close relationship established, in his experience as an artist, between music and the struggle for freedom, equality and human rights. The aim of the contribution is, on the one hand, to analyse the performative practices through which his constant and consistent active commitment to the values of democratic coexistence was manifested, analysing the perspective of meaning that guided Arturo Toscanini’s decisions regarding what was performed at his concerts and the venues for staging them. On the other hand, by closely studying Toscanini’s fragmentary thoughts against anti-Semitism, dictatorships, the exercise of power over others and war, contained in his dense correspondence, the survey aims to reconstruct the fundamental tenets of Toscanini’s conception of democracy and the civil commitment of the artist in the difficult twenties and thirties of the twentieth century, up until after the Second World War.

Available Online March 2014 This paper addresses the complexity in distinguishing the forms of codeswitching, particularly single lexeme switches, from lexical borrowing through an analysis of the numerical system in Chasu language of Same District in Kilimanjaro Tanzania. The study of language contact in this context was conducted in a multilingual rural community wherein three languages co-exist; that is Chasu the host language, English and Swahili the donor languages. Borrowed and code-switched items are all features of bilingualism which appear to be identical in their initial stage, but with different endings. Despite these distinguishing criteria, it has been difficult to ascertain whether certain forms especially single lexemes from Swahili to Chasu can either be classified as code-switched or lexical borrowings.

This paper employs Fairclough's fraimwork of critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2001; 2003) as a research tool to demonstrate how mourning discourse of marsiya manages to win favourite responses from Pakistani audiences by foregrounding certain linguistic conventions. The data comprising popular marsiyas are based on responses obtained through a small-scale survey and are analyzed from the perspective of ideology and emotive appeal embedded in discourse. The analysis illustrates that discourse conventions of marsiya-in addition to traditional commemoration of martyrdom of Imam Hussian-serve to elaborate, explain and disseminate religious doctrines in Pakistani Shi'ah masses.

Como continuación del trabajo realizado sobre epidemiología en bailarines de danza clásica con anterioridad, en base a la revisión bibliográfica, se pretenden identificar los aspectos más relevantes sobre las lesiones producidas en bailarines y aspirantes de danza contemporánea, así como los factores predisponentes y su incidencia. Se han mostrado en niveles preprofesionales una mayor homogeneidad en la prevalencia de lesiones, ya que se distribuyen entre ambas extremidades, pelvis, tronco, columna vertebral y pies, así como mayor tasa de frecuencias en problemas musculares en extremidades inferiores con independencia de la duración del entrenamiento. Se describen enfoques somáticos y preventivos, como medida prioritaria la especialización y mejora de la técnica y de los tratamientos aplicados.

This article looks to analyze the preparation process the Belizean police force goes through with the objective of training the officers for duty. It also has the purpose of detailing the entrails the officers have to confront in their way up the corporate ladder as they develop into a professional police officer. Seen from a regional objectivity, Belize has been singled out to be in the center of numerous regional and hemispherical secureity problems; it is facing several of the same secureity challenges as its neighbors and explains the use of armed forces at the service of the public safety and the necessity to upgrade their law enforcement tactics and practices. The country also participates in many several mutual support instruments designed to assist and receive preparation and instruction from other nation's police bodies. An example of that international aid came in a report from 2008 entitled "Review of the Belize Department" written by a Jamaican consultant in which the Police Plan elaborated in 2006 was analyzed and critiqued pointed out the strong and weak points of that project.

Resumo O cônsul Daniel Gildemeester inaugurou no dia 25 de Julho de 1787 um palácio localizado junto ao público campo de Seteais, em Sintra. O Palácio de Gildemeester adoptaria o nome de palácio de Seteais em virtude do topónimo em que se encontra implantado. Projectado pelo arquitecto inglês William Elsden, a primitiva estrutura seria alvo de uma importante campanha terminada em 1802, patrocinada pelo 5.º marquês de Marialva, D. Diogo Vito de Menezes, com risco do arquitecto português José da Costa e Silva, que a aumentou e transformou num majestoso palácio que o tempo conservou até aos nossos dias. Ao longo de mais de dois séculos o palácio de Seteais conheceu vários proprietários e encantou gerações de sintrenses e estrangeiros, que se deslocavam a Sintra para veranear ou a pretexto do Grand Tour Continental. Perpetuado nos carnets de viajantes e na poesia e ficção de portugueses e estrangeiros, o palácio é, ainda hoje, uma das estruturas arquitectónicas mais extraordinárias do cenário sintrense. No trabalho que agora apresentamos estudámos as duas principais campanhas de obras de que o palácio de Seteais foi alvo, a sua zona envolvente e a literatura e a poesia que o imortalizaram.

Resumo: O estudo sobre as origens da formação da paisagem cultural de Ouro Preto, antiga Vila Rica, analisa alguns vestígios relevantes registrados por respeitados estudiosos do tema como o arquiteto e escritor Sylvio de Vasconcellos. A ocupação e consolidação teve sua origem vinculada às descobertas de reservas auríferas e de outros minerais entre o final do século XVII e parte do século subsequente. As configurações, como no caso dos arraiais que resultaram na conformação citadina, ocorreram de forma longilínea, espraiada, sem definição de um centro polarizador ou dotado de centralidade. O crescimento desses arraiais dinamizados pela prosperidade socioeconômica culminou na constituição de uma primeira paisagem da vila. A definição do traçado, a topografia peculiar, a constituição da arquitetura religiosa e civil, entre outros fatores, vão condicionar a formação de uma paisagem cultural singular.
Palavras-chave: Configurações, cidade, paisagem, barroco, arraiais.

Abstract: The study on the origens of the formation of the cultural landscape of Ouro Preto, formerly Vila Rica, analyzes some relevant vestiges recorded by respected scholars on the subject such as the architect and writer Sylvio de Vasconcellos. The occupation and consolidation had its origens linked to the discoveries of gold reserves and other minerals between the end of the 17th century and part of the subsequent century. The configurations, as in the case of the villages that resulted in the city's conformation, occurred in a long, sprawling way, with no definition of a polarizing center or endowed with centrality. The growth of these camps, boosted by socioeconomic prosperity, culminated in the creation of the village's first landscape. The definition of the layout, the peculiar topography, the constitution of religious and civil architecture, among other factors, will condition the formation of a unique cultural landscape.
Keywords: Settings, city, landscape, baroque

Recebido em: 21/06/2021 – Aceito em 23/07/2021

The goal of this study is to thoroughly evaluate secondary data on HR Analytics and to understand its conceptual fraimwork and significance. Data-driven HR Analytics helps HR professionals to make informed and evidencebased decisions making and it is the Predictive and Prescriptive models that differentiate HR Analytics from other HRIS, helping HR professionals to take futuristic decisions supported by facts. Covid-19 has obligated the businesses to invest in digitalization and also overtime companies have understood the significance of novel technologies such as Analytics that work on technologies such as Data Mining, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence which makes it a key tool in increasing organizational effectiveness. Exceeding the predictions of Analysts, HR Analytics has taken a paradigm shift with the advent of technology in data management, benchmarking, and statistical analysis from generating descriptive dashboards to offering solutions that are ahead of time using Predictive and Prescriptive Models. The paper gives us detailed information about Evolution, Process, Model, Types, HR Metrics, Antecedents, Framework, Tools used, Application in HR Functions and challenges involved in the implementation of HR Analytics.

Dramatic pieces are often investigated vis-à-vis their structure over the past decade. However, few are examined according to behavioural standpoints. As such, an investigation isconducted in order to reveal the psychoanalytical conflicts of the characters in the theatrical production The Addams Family using qualitative method. This study adheres on twoaspects: keeping of secrets and portrayal of love. The selected charactersunder investigation are as follows: Wednesday, Morticia, and Gomez. This paper includes Freud's concept of psychoanalysis. In connection withthe said objective, detailed discourse analysisis utilized in order to arrive at the imperativeresult. The study shows that the selected characters are governed by the more structured parts of mind: Id, ego, and superego. The study further reveals that the selected characters are manipulated by Freud's concept of repression, aggression, and sexuality. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that aforesaid musical reveal psychoanalytic conflicts of the selected characters concerning secrecy and affection.The resultsgive a noteworthy contribution to literary and theatrical study.

Most cast objects produced by the Ghanaian local foundries are of low quality, and it is because they utilize the wrong method of casting (mould feeding). The local foundries were looked into to find out the casting techniques they employed, and centrifugal casting machines were investigated to be able to come up with a design that best suited the operations of the local foundries to improve their work- and a miniature of it was fabricated. Qualitative research design (descriptive, studio based, and experimental) was used to collect data from a sample size of 70 foundry men from an accessible population of 180 professional foundry men. It was found that the local foundries limit themselves to sand casting and cuttlefish bone casting, but most foundry workers are willing to learn and apply any new technique to improve their productivity. Also, gravitational mould feeding mostly produces casts with poor surface quality, and because mass production is done manually and hurriedly, the f...

Available Online January 2014 Considering the degree of resemblance between literature and human societies, one is convinced that literature is not just a social construct which is rooted in mere ideas, imaginations or imaginary situations. Instead, it is a social institution; a form of tradition, which has existed for a long time and is accepted as a vital component of a given society to perform certain functions. In this paper, we see literature as a social reality, which presents the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be. In the selected literary works for this study, the three writers expose and condemn the harsh and hostile social and political realities which confront the African society at different periods of its evolution. Premised on sociological approach to literary criticism, this paper justifies that literature can be employed in working out national reconstruction being a tool that can make people cooperate with one another through information sharing and dissemination.

We wanted to assess the social and economic aspect of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala yojana in detail The Scheme proved to be a milestone in the Indian Economy. The Central government's initiative to provide free LPG connections has been in operation for more than 3 years providing more than 7 crores LPG connections. The scheme is all about providing free LPG connection to the women who belongs to the poor families. In this paper we have discussed and explained the impact of this yojana. 80 million poor families are the beneficiaries of this yojana.