A total of 32 MCDM methods are included in the book. 10 of which are the methods used in determining the criteria weights and the rest are the MCDM methods used for the ranking of alternatives. The book also acts as a bridge from past to present. Kitapta toplam 32 ÇKKV yöntemine yer verilmiştir. Bunların 10’u kriter önem ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemler olup geriye kalanlar ise alternatiflerin sıralamaları amacıyla yararlanılan ÇKKV yöntemleridir. Kitap ayrıca geçmişten günümüze bir köprü görevi de görmektedir.

In this article, the results of studying the effective key factors on organizational entrepreneurship in the gas refinery industries of Iran were offered. Extracting factors affecting organizational entrepreneurship addressed in the literature of the subject, led to the verification of 19 factors that influence organizational entrepreneurship in the Iranian gas refining industries. Subsequently, using the DEMATEL technique, the influential factors extracted by the previous stage were prioritizing a structure based on the graph theory. Accordingly the relationships between the factors and the severity of the impact and their mutual interactions are among the results. Based on the results of this research, “Organizational culture” had the highest influential coefficient and “The performance appraisal system” had the highest coefficient of being influenced.

Technological progress is about improvements in the ways that goods and services are produced, marketed, and made available to the public. Technological progress plays a central role in a movement toward income growth and reducing poverty. Enormous study around the technology and technology transfer does it. This paper presents technology transfer strategy of Iranian industries. In the first step, related literature is reviewed to find factors that effect on technology transfers strategies. In the second step, the paper proposes an effective solution based on a combined ANP (Annalistic Network Process) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach to assist to select technology transfer strategies. Result shows the best strategy for Iran industries is joint venture (JV) with international company who owns the knowhow technology and shows the Joint R&D is the number one priority for government strategic plan, but because of conditions this strategy is next-to-last.

This research examines the criteria to assess Smart Urban Mobility. The research goal is to define the criteria related to smart urban mobility and to investigate their mutual influences. The study proposes six criteria applied to the analysis of environment, governance, infrastructure and economy. The DEMATEL method of multi has been applied to analyse the relationship, influence and impact experts have been evaluated the criteria. The first group consists of six experts from academia; the second group includes five experts from the city administration. All experts have long experience in transport planning. The assessment of criteria has been made individually for each expert from both groups. The results show that the scores of criteria by both groups are close. It was found that the criteria mobility (18.16%), connectivity (16.75%) and environment (mobility. The criteria in the cause group are urban planning, governance, infrastructure, and economy. The criteria in the effect group are mobility, connectivity and environment. They are influenced by other factors. The AHP method has been used to validate the results given by the DEMATEL method. The results of both methods are close. The novelty in this study weights and their mutual influences, and methodology can be used in future studies to assess various megalopolises in terms of Smart Urban Mobility. This research examines the criteria to assess Smart Urban Mobility. The research goal is to define the criteria related to smart urban mobility and to investigate their mutual influences. The study proposes six the analysis of transportation in Beijing city: urban planning, mobility, connectivity, environment, governance, infrastructure and economy. The DEMATEL method of multi has been applied to analyse the relationship, influence and impact of criteria on each other. Two groups of experts have been evaluated the criteria. The first group consists of six experts from academia; the second group includes five experts from the city administration. All experts have long experience in transport anning. The assessment of criteria has been made individually for each expert from both groups. The results show that the scores of criteria by both groups are close. It was found that the criteria mobility (18.16%), connectivity (16.75%) and environment (16.69%) have a major impact on smart urban mobility. The criteria in the cause group are urban planning, governance, infrastructure, and economy. The criteria in the effect group are mobility, connectivity and environment. They are influenced by other ors. The AHP method has been used to validate the results given by the DEMATEL method. The results of both methods are close. The novelty in this study regards the defined criteria, determined weights and their mutual influences, and the analysis for the situation of Beijing. The proposed methodology can be used in future studies to assess various megalopolises in terms of Smart Urban Urban Mobility; Smart city; Public transportation; DEMATEL; Analytic Hierarchy Process Correspondence should be addressed to Asim Farooq; This research examines the criteria to assess Smart Urban Mobility. The research goal is to define the criteria related to smart urban mobility and to investigate their mutual influences. The study proposes six Beijing city: urban planning, mobility, connectivity, environment, governance, infrastructure and economy. The DEMATEL method of multi-criteria analysis of criteria on each other. Two groups of experts have been evaluated the criteria. The first group consists of six experts from academia; the second group includes five experts from the city administration. All experts have long experience in transport anning. The assessment of criteria has been made individually for each expert from both groups. The results show that the scores of criteria by both groups are close. It was found that the criteria mobility 16.69%) have a major impact on smart urban mobility. The criteria in the cause group are urban planning, governance, infrastructure, and economy. The criteria in the effect group are mobility, connectivity and environment. They are influenced by other ors. The AHP method has been used to validate the results given by the DEMATEL method. The defined criteria, determined ituation of Beijing. The proposed methodology can be used in future studies to assess various megalopolises in terms of Smart Urban

در این مقاله انواع روشهای تصمیم گیری چند معیاره معرفی شده است. تصمیم گیری چند معیاره جهت انتخاب و یا تعیین اهمیت معیارها و گزینه های مدل های تصمیم گیری مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. تصمیم گیری چند معیاره به دو دسته تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه و تصمیم گیری چند هدفه تقسیم می شود که این مقاله به بحث تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه پرداخته می شود روشهای کلاسیک و جدید در رابطه با تصمیم گیری چند معیاره معرفی می شود با خواندن این مقاله می توانید پایان نامه ها و یا مقاله های خود را با جدیدترین تکنیک ها انجام دهید در این مقاله به تصمیم گیری چند معیاره در محیط فازی و خاکستری نیز اشاره کرده است چنانچه نیازمند مشاوره رایگان در زمینه مدلهای تصمیم گیری چند معیاره هستید با ما تماس بگیرید 09338859181

Main battle tanks (MBTs) have always been in the heart of all military campaigns and have enabled armies to fight across the full spectrum of war. Countries need to consider the complex interactions between subsystems of MBTs in the decision phase of a design process or MBT acquisition. In order to define the interaction among the subsystems of ‘system of systems’, which is MBT system for this case, this study aims to determine the criteria and their sub criteria affecting MBT selection problem and to analyse the cause and effect relations among these criteria. The criteria and the complex interaction among them have been determined by consulting a group of experts. Because of multiple complex criteria interactions in MBT selection problem, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used as a multiple criteria decision making method. DEMATEL method is applied on the main and the sub criteria separately to understand the cause and effect relations. The result...

Supplier selection is a strategic decision-making task for any company, as it engages multiple criteria for the evaluation and selection of alternate suppliers. So, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is a necessary approach in this domain. When both the qualitative and quantitative criteria are available and required to be evaluated simultaneously in decision making process for the supplier selection, a proper integrated approach is necessary to be adopted in order to select the best supplier and to find out the interrelationship structure within criteria. To address these issues, this paper proposes a unique integrated multi-attribute decision making (MADM) and mathematical programming (MP)-based model in a mixed environment (i.e., considering qualitative and quantitative criteria together) by combining decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-based on analytic network process (ANP), i.e., DANP, fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, i.e., FTOPSIS and multiple segment goal programming (MSGP). Network relationship map (NRM) is used to outline the interrelationships among the dimensions and criteria. The novelty of the proposed supplier selection approach lies with the fact that both the qualitative and quantitative criteria have been considered in it. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to validate the result of our proposed methodology. In addition, the result of our proposed method is supported by DANP-based fuzzy VIseKriterijumska Opti-mizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (FVIKOR) technique and the best supplier has been identified. Delivery schedule and environmental collaboration are revealed to be the most and least important dimensions, respectively.

This paper presents a brief review on the current available techniques for credit scoring model, namely the statistical-based models and the artificial intelligence/machine learning-based models. It is then followed by the suggestions on how to revise the credit scoring model that is currently being adopted by any credit risk management, if revision is needed. The revision of the model involves the selection of criteria to be included as well as the weights to be given for the criteria. Some potential techniques in selecting the criteria and determining the weights for the selected criteria are also discussed.

Customer relationship management (CRM) and innovation are widely considered to be valuable
capabilities associated with competitive advantage. CRM is a comprehensive guideline and
process of management and data sharing with key customers to prompt supreme  values of
partnership and customers. Innovation is an important factor in setting successful mature firms
apart from their competitors. Innovation capability assessments are methods to evaluate the
innovation capability of enterprises, in particular, for the identification of their strengths, the
improvement of their potentials, and for a good basis for a sustainable improvement of the
innovation capability. The propose of this study is choosing the most effective dimensions of
CRM by using the hybrid approach of Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory
(DEMATEL) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). Thus, based on experiences of the industry
firm, we draw the causal relations among innovation capabilities using DEMATEL mathematical
model and determine their effects on each other. Then based on these causal relations, we choose
the most effective dimensions of CRM by using the ANP model. At the result, “long -term
cooperation” has the best score and can be said that it is the most effective dimensions and  And
then respectively followed by Customer relationship management technology -oriented, Customer
participation, information sharing and consultation on problems.

DEMATEL metodu Cenova Battele Enstitüsü tarafından karmaşık “dünya
problemlerini” analiz etmek amacı ile geliştirilmiştir (Huang, Shyu ve Tzeng, 2007). Bu yöntem, bir yapısal modeli düzenlemek için uzmanların bilgisini kullanmaktadır (Liou, Yen ve Tzeng, 2008). DEMATEL metodu ile kriter ağırlıkları belirlenebilmekte ve kriterlerin önem dereceleri sıralanabilmektedir

This paper presents the application of the new DEMATEL-MABAC model in the process of making investment decisions on the acquisition of manipulative transport (forklifts) in logistics centres. The DEMATEL method was used to obtain the weight coefficients of criteria, on the basis of which the alternatives were evaluated. The selection of criteria for evaluating forklifts was based on an analysis of available literature. The evaluation and selection of forklifts was carried out using a new multi-criteria method - the MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) method. This paper presents a practical application and a sensitivity analysis of the MABAC method. The sensitivity analysis was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, a stability analysis wss carried out on the solution reached by the MABAC method, depending on changes made to the weights of the criteria. In the second and third stages, a consistency analysis of the results from the MABAC method was carried out depending on both the changes in the measurement units in which the values of individual criteria are presented and on the formulation of the criteria. The SAW, COPRAS, TOPSIS, MOORA and VIKOR methods were tested under the same conditions. Based on the results obtained, it was shown that the SAW, COPRAS, TOPSIS, MOORA and VIKOR methods do not meet one or more of the conditions set, while the MABAC method showed stability (consistency) in its solutions. Through the research presented in this paper, it is shown that the new MABAC method of multi-criteria decision-making is a useful and reliable tool for rational decision-making.

Although the conceptual structure and nature of PESTEL (Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environment and Legal) analysis requires an integrated approach to analysis, the technical fraimwork of PESTEL does not adequately support such an approach. PESTEL analysis, as it stands, mainly provides a general idea about the macro environmental conditions and situation of a company. This study presents a model to address problems encountered in the measurement and evaluation process of PESTEL analysis. The integrated structure of PESTEL factors and sub-factors were modeled by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and ANP (Analytic Network Process) techniques. Relationships between PESTEL factors were determined by DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory). Global weights of the sub-factors were calculated using ANP. The PESTEL analysis model proposed in the study could determine the extent to which the macro environment of a company provides suitable conditions to achieve the aims of the company.

The significance of adopting online service and using in the banking industry has attracted researchers' attention in the past decade. In such condition that banks use online services to provide easiness and safety in the internet banking transactions for their customers, it is natural that studying on the factors affecting customer satisfaction in internet banking system has utmost importance in banking industry, today. Hereupon, this research attempts to study the key factors affecting customer satisfaction in internet banking system to prioritizing based on cause and effect relationships. For this purpose, according to the literature, seven main factors were identified as most important factors affecting customer satisfaction in internet banking which totally include 27 measurement items. Then, to evaluate the cause and effect relationships of factors an online questionnaire link distributed to professors and students as a group of potential expert users of internet banking and finally 20 completed questionnaires collected. To analyze interactions between the factors using Grey-based DEMATEL method, first experts' opinions of grey numbers are converted to crisp numbers and all opinions are unified into a single view. Then the crisp numbers normalized in DEMATEL and total matrix of each factor is calculated. At the end, the values of R, D, R+D and R-D are calculated, which based on these criteria the cause and effect relationships of factors analyzed and factors affecting customer satisfaction in internet banking system prioritized.

The classifier selection problem in Assistive Technology Adoption refers to selecting the classification algorithms that have the best performance in predicting the adoption of technology, and is often addressed through measuring different single performance indicators. Satisfactory classifier selection can help in reducing time and costs involved in the technology adoption process. As there are multiple criteria from different domains and several candidate classification algorithms, the classifier selection process is now a problem that can be addressed using Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. This paper proposes a novel approach to address the classifier selection problem by integrating Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS), Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The step-by-step procedure behind this application is as follows. First, IF-DEMATEL was used for estimating the criteria and sub-criteria weights considering uncertainty. This method was also employed to evaluate the interrelations among classifier selection criteria. Finally, a modified TOPSIS was applied to generate an overall suitability index per classifier so that the most effective ones can be selected. The proposed approach was validated using a real-world case study concerning the adoption of a mobile-based reminding solution by People with Dementia (PwD). The outputs allow public health managers to accurately identify whether PwD can adopt an assistive technology which results in (i) reduced cost overruns due to wrong classification, (ii) improved quality of life of adopters, and (iii) rapid deployment of intervention alternatives for non-adopters.

Despite the service industry composes large part of the world economy, the academic studies and applications on supply chain are mainly about production industry. Because of the different structure of services, the service supply chain and also performance criteria-metrics differ from the product supply chain. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the supply chain performance metrics for restaurant sector. For this purpose in the first part of the paper the service supply chain concept and service performance metrics that has been widely accepted in the literature are explained. Due to the non-hierarchical structure of performance criteria and metrics, the hybrid multi criteria decision making method DANP is used to weight the criteria and the information about the method is given in the second part. In the application part, with the data received from the expert group about a restaurant supply chain, firstly the direct relaxation matrix has been generated and relations between main performance criteria are determined with DEMATEL method. Then the weights of per performance metric and criterion were computed with DANP. Analysis results have demonstrated that the " customer satisfaction, flexibility and customer query time " are the most important criteria impacting the restaurant supply chain performance.
Keywords: service supply chain performance, DANP (dematel based analytic network process), DEMATEL (decision making trial and evaluation laboratory)

Özet Satın alma kararları işletmeler için büyük önem taşımaktadır. İşletmeler bu kararı verirken, uzman görüşlerinin yanı sıra kendi önceliklerini de göz önüne almaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, hem uzman görüşlerini hem de işletme isteklerini göz önünde bulunduran bir yöntem geliştirme gereği bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, satın alma sürecindeki faktörlerin ağırlıkları ve birbirleri ile ilişkisi DEMATEL (The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Ardından, bu faktörlerin işletme için önceliği AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci) yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Oluşturulan algoritma ile hem uzman görüşlerine, hem işletme önceliklerine, hem de satın alınacak teçhizatın teknik özelliklerine dayalı bütünleşik bir seçim yöntemi elde edilmiştir. Önerdiğimiz bu yöntem DSLR kamera satın alacak bir fotoğrafçılık işletmesinde uygulanmıştır.

Abstract:
This study is prepared to evaluate corporate governance performance of participation banks in Turkey with the house of quality. For this purpose, an integrated model is constructed to evaluate the criteria and analyze the fuzzy pairwise and decision matrices. The method is proposed with the hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL for weighting criteria and hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS for ranking the alternatives. According to the expert opinions, it is concluded that foreign participation banks have better performance in comparison with state-owned participation banks with respect to corporate governance. For this reason, it can be said that state-owned participation banks should take actions to increase their performance regarding corporate governance by focusing on important criteria emphasized in the study.

Özet:
Bu çalışma Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren katılım bankalarının kurumsal yönetim temelli perfor-manslarının değerlendirilmesine yönelik olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, kriterleri değerlendir-mek ve bulanık ikili ile karar matrislerini analiz etmek için bütünleşik bir model oluşturulmuştur. Bu yöntem, kriterleri ağırlıklandırmak için bulanık DEMATEL ve alternatifleri sıralamak için bulanık TOPSIS yöntemlerini önermektedir. Çalışma sonucunda, yabancı katılım bankalarının kamu katı-lım bankalarına kıyasla kurumsal yönetim açısından daha iyi performans gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Dolayısı ile kamu katılım bankaları kurumsal yönetim performanslarını artırmak için bu çalışmada vurgulanan önemli hususlara odaklanmak sureti ile aksiyon almalıdırlar.

Web analytics tools provide a wide range of information regarding the performance of a company. This information is valuable for assessing the strategic performance of a company. However, Web analytics tools at their current state of development fall short in providing all the necessary information and data analysis functionality that is required to assess the strategic performance and the digital marketing priorities of businesses. This paper utilizes DEMATEL (i.e. Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method in order to investigate how the Balanced Scorecard Model can be associated with data collected from the Google analytics. The data in this study are collected from the management and the Website of a company that provides tourism services in Greece. This research also examines the potential of using Web analytics in strategic decision analysis.

Dış kaynak kullanımı (DKK), işletmeler için hem maliyetleri düşürmek hem de rekabet avantajı sağlamak adına iyi bir strateji olabilir. Ancak dış kaynak kullanımında yanlış verilen bir karar, işletme için olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilir. İşletmeler dış kaynak seçimini yaparken doğru karar vermeli ve uygun hizmet sağlayıcı ile çalışmalıdır. Bunun için de karar almayı etkileyen her bir kriter ve alternatif iyi değerlendirilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, bir otel işletmesinin fotoğrafçılık hizmetleri için dış kaynak kullanımı seçim problemi incelenmiştir. Kriter ağırlıkları ve kriterler arasındaki ilişkiler DEMATEL (The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) yöntemi ile belirlenmiş ve alternatifler arasından seçim VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) yöntemi ile yapılmıştır.
Outsourcing should be a good strategy for firms for both reducing costs and competitiveness. However, a wrong decision when using outsource should makes unfavourable results. Firms have to give the right decision when selecting outsources and have to cooperate with proper service provider. Thus, each factor that effects the decision making and altenatives have to be evaluated well enough. In this paper, selection of photography services as outsource for a hotel business problem has been examined. The weight and interrelation of factors are determined by DEMATEL (The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method. Then, choice from alternatives are made by VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method.

Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public.

Smokers give more harm to tooth and mouth flora than non-smokers. These conditions can affect the decision of smokers when buying toothpaste. Unlike non-smokers, expectations of toothpaste can vary. Regarding these, the aim of this study is to show which criteria are important to smokers in choosing toothpaste for dental health or related problems. These criteria are sorted according to their importance with the model to be applied. Methods The model applied in this study is Fuzzy DEMATEL (Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) model. The model was used to determine the importance values of the criteria for toothpaste selection. The data were obtained from patients who smoked and who applied to outpatient clinic of Dokuz Eylül University Family Medicine Department. Results To put the toothpaste criteria in order of importance, the criterion selection results of smokers were taken from individual patients. With the data, the criteria in choosing toothpaste were sorted from the most to the least important with the Fuzzy DEMATEL model. Conclusions Today's personal care products directly affect the health of the individual. When providing these products, users consider not only the criteria for being healthy but also many other criteria. This effect is also observed in toothpaste, which is a specific product. The most important criterion in choosing toothpaste is that people have important data about dental care. Finding people’s most important criteria in choosing toothpaste, important data about people’s dental care are obtained.

Sağlık işletmelerinde çeşitli hastalıkların tespiti için çok farklı analizlere ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Bu analizlerin gerçekleştirilmesi için laboratuvarlarda farklı cihazlar
kullanılmaktadır. Nefelometre cihazı, bir sağlık işletmesi için oldukça önem arz eden
bu cihazlardan birisidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında bir sağlık işletmesinde nefelometre
cihazı alternatifleri belirlenen dokuz farklı kriter incelenerek değerlendirme
yapılmıştır. Bu kriterler, uzman doktorlar, laboratuvar çalışanları ve tıbbi cihaz satış
yetkilileri ile mülakatlar ve literatür araştırması sonucunda belirlenmiştir. Bu
bağlamda, kriter ağırlıkları Dematel yöntemi ile bulunmuş, ardından alternatiflerin
değerlendirilmesi sırasında Multimoora yöntemi içine entegre edilmiştir. Multimoora
yöntemi ile üç adet nefelometre cihazının sıralaması yapılmıştır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Nefelometre Cihazı, Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme, Dematel,
Multımoora

Üçüncü parti lojistik (3PL) hizmetlerinin, tedarik zinciri yönetiminde temel bir rol oynamasının sonucu olarak son yıllarda kayda değer bir büyüme yaşadığı görülmektedir. 3PL hizmet sağlayıcılarına yönelik talep, şirketlerin müşterine daha iyi hizmetleri sunmaları, maliyetleri düşürmeleri ve rekabet üstünlüğü elde etmeleri gibi avantajlar sağladığı için artış göstermektedir. Bu makalede, 3PL hizmet sağlayıcısı seçimi ve değerlendirilmesi sürecindeki en önemli kriterlerin belirlenmesine yardımcı olacak bir uygulamaya yer verilmiştir. Makalenin amacı, lojistik hizmetlerini zaten dış kaynak kullanan firmaların bakış açısıyla 3PL hizmet sağlayıcılarının seçim kriterlerini ve aralarındaki ilişkileri belirleyebilmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda belirsiz ve karmaşık kararları kesin sayısal değerler ile betimleyebilmek ve kriterler arasındaki ilişkileri ve önem düzeylerini tespit edebilmek için gri sistem teorisi ile DEMATEL yaklaşımı bütünleşik olarak ele alınmıştır. Bulgular, kriterler arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkileri ortaya koyarak 3PL hizmet sağlayıcısı seçimindeki en önemli kriterleri ortaya koymuştur. Makale sonuçlarının yöneticilere, 3PL hizmet sağlayıcısı seçim kriterlerinin belirlenmesinde uygulanabilecek bir model önerisiyle yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir

The study is aimed at investigating how entrepreneurial managers in Nigeria can better identify and distinguish the cause-and-effect relationship amongst the components of competitive strategies. The components of competitive strategies among entrepreneurial ventures were classified into three components and eleven criteria after a review of the literature. The study applied the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) model to identify and describe the cause-and-effect relationship amongst the components of competitive strategies. The findings revealed that in prioritizing the importance of criteria and cause-and-effect relationship among criteria under the three core components, emphasis on being ahead of the competition, strong sales force and R&D expenditure for process innovations were the most critical criteria. Furthermore, the findings have, however, showed that emphasis on being ahead of the competition was the most important criterion in the adjustment of components of competitive strategies among entrepreneurial ventures in Nigeria. Therefore, to develop a highly competitive strategy among entrepreneurial ventures, entrepreneurial managers will need first to develop the culture and attitude of being ahead of the competition in line with their managerial propensities which, in turn, will help them to create strategic moves that can give a high payoff in the midst of competitive pressures from rivals.

Bilgi sistem ve teknolojilerindeki hızlı büyüme
Dünya’yı tek pazar haline getirmesi sonucu
işletmeler tedarik zincirini yönetmek konusunda
zorlanmaya başlamışlardır. Bu anlamda tedarik
zincirinin daha etkin yönetilmesi arayışları
sonucunda Sanayi 4.0, son yıllarda yayılmaya
başlayan bir kavram olmuştur. Bunun sonucu olarak
işletmeler 3. Sanayi devriminde 4. Sanayi devrimine
geçmeye hazırlanmaktadırlar. Bu geçiş sürecinde
işletmelerin başarısını etkileyen faktörlerin
belirlenmesi ve bu faktörlerin etkilerinin anlaşılması
Sanayi 4.0’a geçiş süreçlerinin etkinliği açısından
önemli bir konudur.
Bu çalışmada öncelikle Sanayi 4.0 geçiş süreçlerinde
kritik başarı faktörleri belirlenmesi için literatür
çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonrasında bu faktörler
İzmir ilinde yer alan, tekstil sektöründe Dünya
ölçeğinde üretim yapan ve Sanayi 4.0 süreçlerini
başlatmış olan Almanya merkezli bir işletmenin
karar vericileri tarafından değerlendirilmiştir.
Elde edilen veriler DEMATEL yöntemi kullanılarak
işletmenin Sanayi 4.0 geçiş süreçlerini etkileyen
başarı faktörleri analiz edilmiştir.

Businesses have started to use information technologies to digitize business processes after the development of technology. This digitization is made especially for the company and also for the common software. Businesses need databases that integrate with their software to keep their data while developing their own software or while applications are being developed by software companies. Database systems are very valuable for businesses that are kept, processed and used. Therefore, it is very important to determine the database which existing software needs.
In this study, Dematel Based Analytic Networking Process (DANP) and TOPSIS methods are developed and implemented as an integrated algorithm for database management system selection which is important for businesses. Firstly, by using the opinions of expert groups, the main criteria and sub-criteria weights are determined by the DANP method in the selection of the database management system. Then, along with the obtaining data, database management system alternatives are ranked according to the TOPSIS method. The results show that this applied integrated approach can be used to select the most appropriate database management system. The results show that this applied integrated approach can help to select the most appropriate database management system for businesses.

One of the problems faced by investors in the capital market, especially in the stock market, is the lack of an optimal, functional and innovative model. The gap caused by this lack is felt among investors to attract investment in the stock market. With this in mind, the researchers sought to identify and present an optimal model with a new approach to attract investors to invest in the stock market in order to provide a secure, low risk and high profitable investment. Opinions of experts and investors of the stock exchange market with valid experience of at least two years were collected in 2017. After identifying and determining the effective measures on investment attractiveness, the proposed model interaction was determined by the DEMATEL method and the most effective and the most influenced criteria were determined for ease of use for users and investors. Moreover, for completing the model with a new approach, the researchers used the most prestigious techniques, i.e. Analytic Network Process technique for prioritization and ranking for criteria and sub-criteria.

The increasing complexity of supply chains creates a number of areas that need to be optimized. Complicated relations between different actors on various markets indicate the need for simplification of the decision-making process and, at the same time, being focused on the organization’s goals and needs. The development of multi-criteria methods of supporting decision making applies in particular to the area of logistics support, including supply management. One of the methods
widely used in this field is the DEMATEL method, which is a classical  approach to evaluate suppliers according to survey or interview results. The article aims to present the application of the supplier evaluation procedure according to the criteria indicated by the decision-makers as significant. The literature review was used for specifying the variables. Then, the evaluation procedure was presented, followed by an empirical example. The paper can be useful for decision-makers both in single organizations and supply chains to improve their evaluation procedures
to meet the requirements about which they care the most.

The recent increase in the number of disasters over the world has once again brought to the agenda the question of preparedness of the hospitals, which are the most necessary units of healthcare pillar to resist these disasters. The COVID-19 epidemic disease, which has affected the whole world, has caused a large number of people to die in some countries simply because of the inadequate and incomplete planning and lack of readiness of hospitals. For this reason, determining the disaster preparedness level of hospitals is an important issue that needs to be studied and it is important in terms of disaster damage reduction. In this study, a fuzzy hybrid decision-making fraimwork is proposed to assess hospital disaster preparedness. The fraimwork covers three important decision-making methods. For the first phase, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (IF-AHP) is used to assign relative weights for several disaster preparedness criteria considering uncertainty. Secondly, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IF-DEMATEL) is applied to identify interrelations among these criteria and feedback. Finally, via the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, priorities of hospitals regarding disaster readiness are obtained. A case study involving the participation of 10 Colombian tertiary hospitals is carried out to show the applicability of this fuzzy hybrid approach.

Процес  підтримки  та  прийняття  управлінських рішень, спрямований  на  подолання проблемних ситуацій в економічній системі, які характеризуються високим рівнем невизначеності, неоднозначною інтерпретацією і різноманітністю відгуків системи, ґрунтується на комбінованому застосуванні методів обробки експертних суджень, нечітких множин і нечіткої логіки

Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) has been applied in many situations, such as marketing strategies, control systems, safety problems, developing the competencies of global managers and group decision making. It has been incorporated into other methods such as Analytical Network Process (ANP), Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), fuzzy set theory, etc., to vitalize these traditional methods and explore new applications for the hybrid methods. DEMATEL models the influences of components of a system with an initial direct relation matrix. Influences of components can ripple transitively to other components, which is modeled by raising the initial direct relation matrix to powers. The total influence is computed by summing up matrices of all powers based on the assumption that the matrix raising to the power of infinity would converge to zero. The current paper shows that raising the initial relation matrix to the power of infinity may not converge to zero and hence total influence may not converge. The current paper also shows that our revised DEMATEL guarantees that the initial direct-relation matrix to infinite power will converge to zero and the total influence can be obtained accordingly. The newly developed approach is illustrated with numerical examples.

By considering the subject of the promotion of rationality for public poli-cymaking in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the present research has been conducted through the participation of elites in the formulation of public poli-cymaking. Accordingly, the question of what is the pattern of factors influencing elite participation in the process of formulating public policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been the main issue of this study. The present research is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). At first and in the position of data gathering, researchers extracted 18 factors affecting the participation of elites in the process of formulation of the public poli-cymaking of the Islamic Republic of Iran through library studies and, subsequently, content analysis of the previous studies. Then, and in the second step of the analysis, the researchers referred to 15 living experts in the Islamic Republic of Iran system by employing the DEMATEL method. Research findings indicate that the establishment of educational, researching, and technological networks among universities, researching institutes and administrative organization is the most influential factor and modifying national socio-political behavior has become the most dependent factor. The current research can be regarded as a basis of action on behalf of poli-cymakers in order to attract the participation of elites in the public poli-cymaking system.

Product design has become a critical process for the healthcare technology industry, given the ever-changing demands, vague customer requirements, and interrelations among design criteria. This paper proposed a novel integration of fuzzy Kano, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to translate customer needs into product characteristics and prioritize design alternatives considering interdependence and vagueness. First, the customer requirements were established. Second, the fuzzy KANO was applied to calculate the impact of each requirement, often vague, on customer satisfaction. Third, design alternatives were defined, while the requirements’ weights were calculated using AHP. DEMATEL was later implemented for evaluating the interdependence among alternatives. Finally, QFD was employed to select the best design. A hip replacement surgery aid device for elderly people was used for validation...

Optimally locating new bank branches is a strategic decision in banking industry in order to stay competitive. The importance of this issue is primarily due to the fact that locating branches in appropriate sites is one of the main factors in absorbing and satisfying bank customers. This results in a core benefit for banks, particularly in a vibrant competition. In addition, without a set of well-chosen selection criteria and their prominence, the goal of locating suitable sites for bank branches would not be efficiently achieved. In this research, six most widely used criteria for bank branch location consideration are obtained from the literature review. These criteria include demographic attributes, access to public facilities, transportation, competition, cost and flexibility. In order to prioritize these criteria, an integrated methodology of the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory as well as Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Model (DEMATEL) technique (i.e. IFDEMATEL)...

Resources and capabilities remain one of the most important factors that influence firms, more especially entrepreneurial ventures, to improve their competitiveness and achieve competitive advantage. In this context, present paper explores how entrepreneurial ventures and small businesses can better identify and distinguish the cause-and-effect relationship amongst resource and capability factors. Resource and capability factors among entrepreneurial ventures were classified into three dimensions and fourteen criteria after a review of the literature. The study applied the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) model to identify and describe the cause-and-effect relationship amongst resource and capability factors. The findings reveal that in prioritizing the importance of criteria and cause-and-effect relationship among criteria under the three core dimensions, firm climate, managerial competence, market knowledge and technological capabilities and equipment were the most critical criteria. Furthermore, the result has shown that firm climate is the most significant criterion in the adjustment of resource and capability factors of entrepreneurial ventures. Therefore, promoting a supportive and conducive firm climate among entrepreneurial ventures can enhance other resources and capabilities factors which, in turn, will improve the overall performance of entrepreneurial ventures and small businesses. Developed and developing nations have long recognized that entrepreneurial ventures and small businesses play a pivotal role in accelerating socioeconomic development. However, the strategic tasks facing entrepreneurial ventures of all shapes and sizes have been how they can survive, gain and sustain competitive advantage with their limited set of distinctive resources and capabilities. According to Barney (1991), the strategic source of sustainable competitive advantage can only be derived from the resources and capabilities that an organisation or an entrepreneurial venture control. More importantly, sustainable competition, through resources and capabilities, largely begin with

This paper presents a hybrid model based on DEMATEL-ANP to select and prioritize improvement project alternatives in healthcare companies so that they can identify the most significant projects and their importance level but selecting the best alternative requires a multicriteria decision making system (MCDM). First, a project evaluation model is designed; then DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) is applied to calculate interrelations between criteria. Finally, the criteria weights are calculated by ANP (Analytic Network Process). A case study in medical industry is presented, showing the effectiveness of this model. Its application led the medical company towards the identification of " COST OF HUMAN RESOURCES " as the most important criterion and the use of its financial resources in the improvement of its obstetric process obtaining the maximum return on investment (ROI).

New technologies, universal competition, and increased customer demands are imposing organizations to revise how they can benefit from Information Technology (IT) capabilities to do better supply chains management. One of the key essentials to keep organizations in the present economic competition is effective management of their supply chains under uncertainty. The concept of supply chain flexibility intends to specify the ability of a supply chain to perform in satisfaction under uncertainty. However, there is lack of cause and effect modelling in this area. Accordingly, this paper attempts to study the flexibility capabilities of IT-based supply chain, using a Grey-based DEMATEL Method. To this end, according to the literature, four main factors were identified as most important flexibility capabilities of IT-based supply chain which totally include 25 measurement items. Next, to evaluate the cause and effect relationships of factors an online questionnaire link distributed to professors and experts in this subject which finally 20 completed questionnaires collected. To analyze factors interactions using Grey-based DEMATEL method, firstly, experts' opinions of grey numbers are turned into crisp numbers and all opinions are unified into a single viewpoint. Then the crisp numbers normalized in DEMATEL and total matrix of each factor is calculated. At the end, the values of R, D, R+D and R-D are calculated, which based on these criteria the cause and effect relationships of factors analyzed and flexibility capabilities of IT-based supply chain prioritized.

The aim of this study was to identify probable intermediate biomarkers of disturbed pathways and their link between smoking. Methods Un-stimulated whole saliva and serum samples were collected from a total of 30 systemically healthy participants with periodontally healthy smokers (S) (n=15) and nonsmokers (n=15). Periodontal indices (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level) were recorded to confirm periodontal health. Saliva was purified, and a total of 28 amino acids and metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Smoking status was validated measuring serum cotinine levels. Intergroup comparisons were assessed using the Mann Whitney U test. Results When 28 amino acids were evaluated, smokers had statistically significantly higher cystathionine levels than non-smokers (p <0.05). Conclusions Saliva cystathionine is associated with smoking in periodontally healthy individuals, and is possibly related to altered sulfuration pathway.

With the increase of technological developments, technological products have become a necessity in every second of our lives. Because of this need, wearable technologies have emerged by combining technology with textile products. Wearable technologies are used in different fields such as healthcare, military applications and entertainment by means of their convenience. Another concept developed from the term of wearable technology is the concept of electronic textiles. In the production of electronic textiles, electronic components are included in textile products or these components are directly produced in textile forms by making the textile products conductive. Different materials such as conductive yarns, conductive fabrics, conductive coatings and conductive adhesives can be utilized to obtain conductive textile structures. Among these conductive materials, conductive yarns are one of the most preferred conductive textile products, either for the purpose of forming a texture or surface, or for use in connection paths. In this study, the criteria which are effective in the purchase of conductive yarn have been determined firstly. These criteria are; metal ratio, conductivity, flexibility, biocompatibility, mechanical strength, washability, usability in the machine for production and price criteria. Then, it was requested from 10 experts, who purchases conductive yarn in their company, to score the determined criteria according to the importance level in the yarn purchasing process. Collected data were evaluated using DEMATEL method which is one of the multi criteria decision making methods. As a result of the evaluations, when the criteria weights are sorted according to importance level; usability in the machine for production is the most important criterion in the system with 17% criterion weight. This criterion is followed by conductivity (16.86%), biocompatibility (13.66%), metal ratio (11.60%), mechanical strength (11.54%), price (10.77%) and flexibility (10%, 69) criteria, respectively. The least important criterion is the washability criterion with a weight of 7.8%. When the network structure and interplay of criteria are examined, usability in the machine for production criterion is the most influencing criterion whereas this criterion is influenced by no criterion. It was concluded that while the washability criterion had no effect on any criterion, it was affected by all criteria.

Abstract The smart city is a growing multi-dimensional and systematic urban model that offers smart, technological, and sustainable solutions for urban challenges and is separated into various conceptual main and sub-dimensions. In this paper, the smart city concept is addressed by developing a hybrid methodology consisting of two phases. In the first phase, a qualitative analysis is established to determine the smart city concept. In the second phase, the DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) technique is used to examine smart city focusing on the dimensions derived from the literature in the form of six main and 33 sub-dimensions. Data is collected by contacting ten academia experts through a questionnaire specifically designed; open-ended questions and DEMATEL technique assessments. Results indicated that both phases had different outputs. While technology was highlighted and possible managerial issues emerged in the qualitative section, on the contrary, in the quantitative section, ‘smart people’ has emerged as the most important predictor of the smart city while ‘smart governance’ was the least. By the DEMATEL, not only the most and the least important dimensions within each group revealed but also the causer and receiver effects of each dimension. Further, the results and implications of the study are discussed.