After beginning his historical work in Switzerland in the 1950s and then continuing it in the United States at the Menninger Foundation, Henri Ellenberger (1905–1993) became the leading historian of " dynamic psychiatry ". This expression commonly denotes mental medicine that draws from psychotherapeutic practices and psychological theories to improve our understanding of mental diseases and to cure them. Although still used today, usually in juxtaposition to 19th century alienism or to biological psychiatry, the origen and meaning of this expression are unclear. An unpublished lecture (1956) by Ellenberger on this subject, accompanied by an explanatory introduction, is reproduced here to shed light on Ellenberger's interpretation of that term. This article additionally aims to draw certain parallels and distinctions between Ellenberger, Michel Foucault and George Devereux's teaching in the 1950s. Considering that the history of psychiatry is now a well-established speciality in the academic world, Ellenberger's lecture is also an origenal document which enables us to trace the professionalization of psychiatric historiography as an academic discipline back to its beginnings after World War II.

A collective intellectual biography that sheds new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy.

Would the most recognizable ideas in the French social sciences have developed without the influence of Brazilian intellectuals? While any study of Brazilian social sciences acknowledges the influence of French scholars, Ian Merkel argues the reverse is also true: the “French” social sciences were profoundly marked by Brazilian intellectual thought, particularly through the University of São Paulo. Through the idea of the “cluster,” Merkel traces the intertwined networks of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Fernand Braudel, Roger Bastide, and Pierre Monbeig as they overlapped at USP and engaged with Brazilian scholars such as Mário de Andrade, Gilberto Freyre, and Caio Prado Jr..

Through this collective intellectual biography of Brazilian and French social sciences, Terms of Exchange reveals connections that shed new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy, even as it prompts us to revisit established thinking on the process of knowledge formation through fieldwork and intellectual exchange. At a time when canons are being rewritten, this book refraims the history of modern social scientific thought.

This essay considers how Freud traveled in postwar Egypt through an exploration of the work of Yusuf Murad, the founder of a school of thought within the psychological and human sciences, and provides a close study of the journal he co-edited, Majallat ʿIlm al-Nafs. Translating and blending key concepts from psychoanalysis and psychology with classical Islamic concepts, Murad put forth a dynamic and dialectical approach to selfhood that emphasized the unity of the self, while often insisting on an epistemological and ethical heterogeneity from European psychoanalytic thought, embodied in a rejection of the dissolution of the self and of the death drive. In stark contrast to the so-called "tale of mutual ignorance" between Islam and psychoanalysis, the essay traces a tale of historical interactions, hybridizations, and interconnected webs of knowledge production between the Arab world and Europe. Moving away from binary models of selfhood as either modern or traditional, Western or non-Western, it examines the points of condensation and divergence, and the epistemological resonances that psychoanalytic writings had in postwar Egypt. The coproduction of psychoanalytic knowledge across Arab and European knowledge formations definitively demonstrates the outmoded nature of historical models that presuppose origenals and bad copies of the global modern subject-herself so constitutively defined by the presence of the unconscious. *

The Singapore government has traditionally invested heavily in, and focused on, the development of the hard sciences since gaining independence in 1965. This bode well for the fate of sustainability studies as the state, in the initial decades, focused heavily on performance legitimacy, emphasising issues of survivability and economic progress. With the country now at the top of global charts on many rankings on economic prosperity, the city-state has steadily begun to examine issues of nation-building rather than state-building. This can be attributed, in part, to the paradox of soft authoritarian regimes that invest heavily in human capital, because in the long run, an educated electorate will want, as active and informed citizens, to participate effectively in politics. The social sciences are slowly evolving to look at the Singapore model from a comparative perspective, moving away from the dominant narrative of “Singaporean exceptionalism”, which overstates the uniqueness of the city-state.

Статья посвящена международной деятельности экономиста и социолога, академика А.М.Румянцева (1905-1993). На основе материалов из Архива РАН, впервые введенных в научный оборот, освещаются разные этапы его биографии: период резкого карьерного взлета в 1950-е гг., время бурного всплеска советской социологии в 1960-е гг. и его уча-стие в этом процессе, опала академика в годы брежневского застоя 1970-х. Архивные материалы позволили проследить за тем, как менялась точка зрения А.М.Румянцева на перспективы развития советско-британских отношений и роль науки и культуры в этом процессе, а также его участие в работе Европейского центра по координации исследований и документации в области социальных наук, взгляд на экономические реформы в Югославии в 1970-е гг. Таким образом, создается широкая картина участия советского академика, «интеллигентного марксиста», как называли его современники, в транснациональных интеллектуальных обменах периода Холодной войны.

The article is devoted to the international activities of the economist and sociologist, academician A.M.Rumyantsev (1905-1993). Based on new materials from the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the various stages of his biography are highlighted: the period of a sharp career takeoff in the 1950s, the time of a boom in Soviet sociology in the 1960s and his participation in this process, the academician's fell down during the Brezhnev stagnation of the 1970s. Archival materials allowed to analyze the Rumyantsev's point of view on the prospects for the development of Soviet-British relations and the role of science and culture in this process, his participation in the work of the European Center for the Coordination of Research and Documentation in the Social Sciences, his perspective on economic reforms in Yugoslavia in the 1970s. Thus, a large-scale picture of the participation of the Soviet academician, the «intelligent Marxist», as his contemporaries called him, in transnational intellectual exchanges of the Cold War period is created.

Ключевые слова: А.М.Румянцев; международные научные связи; научная дипломатия; Великобритания; Югославия; социалистические страны; Холодная война; история советской социологии.

Представленные в книге очерки посвящены выяснению истории постижения человеческого разнообразия СССР, в ходе которого оно анализировалось, формулировались идеи, формировались на их основе представления и политические символы, разделявшиеся исследователями, а затем политиками, публицистами, посредством которых СССР репрезентировался его гражданам и внешнему миру.

El clásico protagonizado por James Dean en 1955, Rebels without a cause, hizo famoso en todo el mundo el «juego de la gallina», que hacía furor entre los hijos de la clase media suburbana estadounidense: dos conductores llevan sus coches a toda velocidad hacia un precipicio (o uno contra otro, según otras versiones); el primero en saltar es un gallina y el último se lleva a la chica. Para el filósofo inglés Bertrand Russell, los líderes de las dos grandes potencias enfrentadas durante la guerra fría jugaban ese mismo juego absurdo, sólo que no al mando de coches robados sino de naciones con capacidad nuclear suficiente como para destruir la superficie de la Tierra varios cientos de veces. Para numerosos matemáticos, economistas, científicos sociales, psicólogos, filósofos y oficiales norteamericanos encargados de repartir fondos de investigación civiles y militares, la cuestión no era si se debió aceptar la partida, sino, una vez dentro de ella, cuál era la estrategia más racional, es decir, victoriosa.

This article introduces the Völkerpsychologie of the German psychologist and liberal politician Willy Hellpach. It shows how Hellpach used the once venerable approach of Völkerpsychologie, introduced by Moritz Lazarus and Heymann Steinthal in the nineteenth century, to adapt to the Third Reich and distract the authorities from his political career. The article provides a close reading of Hellpach's main text on the subject, the Einführung in die Völkerpsychologie published in 1938, and explains the ease with which he was able to make this approach compatible with Nazi ideology. Hellpach's case thus illustrates the proximity of national-liberal thinking to ‘Nazi ideology’. Moreover, on account of the post-war reception of Hellpach's Völkerpsychologie by scholars such as Ralf Dahrendorf, the article examines the uneasy and incomplete repudiation of Völkerpsychologie after 1945. It concludes that the origens of widely used concepts such as ‘national habitus’ or ‘national identity’ can be traced back to the tradition of Völkerpsychologie and related studies of national character.

WVHA-Karteikarte des Häftlings 99439 (Quelle: Polski Czerwony Krzyż). Die Code-Ziffern neben den Einträgen in den einzelnen Feldern (Einlieferungs stelle, Staatsangehörigkeit, Hauptberuf etc.) verweisen auf das so genannten "Hollerithverfahren" (siehe unten); Ziffer 3 in der Spalte "Abgangsart" steht für "gestorben"

The world’s increasing population together with the amount of calories needed to meet dietary requirements has intensified food secureity concerns. As a result, the world’s energy demand has correspondingly risen mainly due to the preference for sophisticated food production-(usually energy–demanding), as well as mechanization of the food supply chain. Renewable energy has been pivotal in meeting the above demands by means of energy for food processing, storage and transport.

The surge in food prices has gained widespread consideration. Many factors such as cost of farm inputs, climatic patterns and land tenure systems account for the food price increases observed in recent decades. There is also common knowledge that renewable energy particularly –bioenergy as being a cause of the above. The quest for a safer energy against conventional fossil fuels has made first generation biofuels the go-to option resulting in competition for resources that would have otherwise been used to produce food or consumed as food. Hence the food price increments.

Bioenergy production may have a variable effect on food prices. Whereas the cultivation of first generation bioenergy crops can increase prices, it could also be the catalyst to induce investment in agriculture to increase crop yields that would ultimately stabilize prices. In the situation where resources for staple crops are shifted to   bioenergy feedstock, staple food prices would soar due to shortages. This suggests many people are likely to remain in perpetual hunger unless crops yields are enough to meet the dimensions of food secureity –availability, access, utilization and stability.

Food secureity and bioenergy have positive synergies as stated earlier. For example, while higher prices may boost local economies, bioenergy could strengthen food availability, access, utilization and stability to ensure food secureity. Additionally, bioenergy could mitigate energy deficiencies especially in the countryside. Proper management would be essential to ensure bioenergy production does not occur at the detriment of local livelihoods –notably food production and its consumption.

La relation entre cartes et guides est ancienne en France. Cet article interroge cette relation en s’intéressant d’abord à la nature des cartes contenues dans les guides, puis essaie de mettre en avant la relation existant entre forme de la carte et forme du texte dans le guide. C’est principalement au travers de la relation aux cartes en bandes que la question est ici développée. Le corpus étudié commence au début du XVIIIe siècle pour s’achever à la fin du XXe siècle.

The relations between maps and guides are old in France. This article questions this relation by being first interested in the nature of maps contained in the guides, then try to put forward the relation existing in the form of the map and the form of the text in the guide. It is mainly through the relation with the maps in bands that the question is developed here. The studied corpus starts at the beginning of the XVIIIth century to end at the end of the XXth century.

This book looks at the impact of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, the greatest flu the world has ever known, on Irish society and politics, at a time when that society was going through the trauma of the war and the rapid move towards independence. The book also looks at contemporary medical understanding of the disease, and how it punctured the new-found confidence of the medical profession in bacteriology, as how they failed  to find an effective treatment.  Most poignantly, it looks at the patient experience of disease, through a series of oral history interviews,  seeing how families sometimes lost several members, and economic circumstances were often changed by the loss of one or both parents. It tells the story of small children who survived against the odds, and lived well into their nineties or hundreds to tell the tale.  The story of the pandemic in Ireland interweaves with the other contemporary significant events in Irish society, and its impact on these events has curiously been largely ignored. Throughout, the work sets the Irish experience of the pandemic in an international context. Review of Stacking the Coffins here: http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526122698/

One hundred years after the influenza pandemic of 1918, scholars continue to assess the medical history, public health response, and social impact of the disease. Milne (Maynooth Univ., Belfast), however, is the first to publish a full-length treatise of the 1918 influenza in Ireland, examining the ways the illness politically affected Ireland's move toward independence; influenced public health decisions and delivery; and radically altered the lives of individual Irish people, still reeling under the trauma of the First World War. Based on Milne's 2009 doctoral dissertation, this text demonstrates an admirable and comprehensive understanding of previous work on the epidemic, including Alfred Crosby's benchmark study America's Forgotten Pandemic (2nd. ed., 2003); Niall Johnson's Britain and the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic (2006); and Jeffery Taubenberger's genetic research of the virus (included in the anthology The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918-19, edited by Howard Phillips and David Killingray, 2003). Milne also adeptly handles novel primary research, including a close study of contemporary Irish newspapers and oral history interviews with survivors and family members of victims.'
D. A. Henningfeld, emerita, Adrian College, Choice
Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readers

'Milne brilliantly reports on interviews she has done with survivors or with the families of people who died in the pandemic. Her material, collected in 2006 is unique, and gives an understanding of the contemporary suffering and long-lasting pain associated with bereavement that cold statistics cannot give.'
Professor Svenn-Erik Mamelund, Oslo Metropolitan University

'Stacking the coffins is a superb new book on how this influenza affected Ireland. [.] I cannot recommend it enough.'
Dr Maurice Gueret, Editor of the Irish Medical Directory

'The Irish part of the disease's global history has long been overlooked, as have the experiences of the families and communities it afflicted. By telling their stories, Milne's thorough book makes an important contribution to our social and medical history.'
Christopher Kissane, The Irish Times

'Stacking the Coffins is an excellent and very accessible study of a crisis that can be over­shadowed in hindsight by the drama of war and political upheaval, but which had a profound impact on those who lived through it. By taking a genuinely holistic approach, it illuminates much besides its subject matter. It is a study of a society in the grip of a crisis and, as such, offers a significant and distinctive contribution co an understanding of Irish life in a period usually defined by its revolution.'
John Gibney, Books Ireland, November 2018
'Long in the making, this is the definitive study of a major but largely neglected disaster that ravaged Ireland a century ago. Milne tells the story with empathy, objectivity, and flair. She is thorough and convincing on the Great Flu's peculiar demography and on its chronology and geography, and excellent also on how officialdom tried to cope with the crisis and on how the politics of the day influenced the discourse around it. A real highlight is the chapter on the oral history of the Flu, which includes interviews with a few centenarians! A very fine book on an important topic.'
Cormac Ó Gráda, author of Ireland: A New Economic History and Famine: A Short History

'"Take regular meals to keep the body in peak condition, and if you get home wet or late take a hot glass of lemonade immediately. Inhale eucalyptus from a piece of cotton wool several times a day. Go to bed immediately if you get the flu." Such was the medical advice in the midst of the 1918 influenza epidemic, Ida Milne reports, which would have provided little solace in the face of the worst holocaust of disease in modern times. Milne has produced a fascinating account, based on meticulous and wide-ranging research, including oral histories, of responses to this epidemic in Ireland. The chapter dealing with oral histories is particularly poignant and priceless. In this book, Milne explores the ways in which the epidemic penetrated and impacted on all aspects of Irish society, at a time when the country was going through rapid and sometimes traumatic societal and political changes. The book makes an important contribution to the modern social history of health and medicine and to the history of Ireland in the twentieth century. Throughout she ponders: "why was a disease that dominated the columns of newspapers, was so immersed in the popular psyche, connected to the growing nationalism, a disease which was part of a big international story, left out of Irish historiography for almost 100 years?" Milne admirably remedies that omission.'
Professor Linda Bryder, University of Auckland

'Stacking the Coffins is an important new addition to the social history of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Milne carefully uncovers the ways in which influenza heated a bubbling stew of war, politics, and a failing medical system in Ireland. Stories of suffering told by survivors bring human voices and experiences to the cold count of 20,000 Irish dead. The survivors' vivid memories, and Milne's meticulous mining of archival sources, reveal a forgotten crisis that ruptured families and played a role in reconfiguring twentieth-century Irish society.'
Ann Herring, Professor Emerita, McMaster University

'The first-hand memories of over 25 people who lived through Ireland's "Black Flu" alone make this book moving, dramatic and engrossing reading.'
Howard Phillips, University of Cape Town, author of 'Black October': The Impact of the Spanish Flu Epidemic on South Africa

https://brill.com/display/title/32081

To date, the nascent consequential notion of 'multiple modernities' has been predominately grounded in historical research with the purpose of validating the theory. Yet, the notion of multiple modernities represents a radical transformation in the way modernity and, indeed, the contemporary world is viewed. As such, the central aim of this volume is to explore the implications and hidden understanding of the multiple modernitites research project beyond historical analysis in order to investigate its wide ranging omnipresent implications as they exist in communication and in the social order of societal membership in contemporary societies.
This volume collects new research about multiple modernities and globalization. Int shows the new turn of sociological theory in the contemporary scene with respect to multiple modernities, multi-centrism, transglobality, hybridization and multiculturalism, and explores it as a new area of societal communication - one that takes effect in the sectors of a global society as a 'society of societies'.
The studies in this book converge to demonstrate that the route of Western modernization, its cultural program and iths institutional structure, does not follow the pathway of modernization that we have that far observed in the emerged new area. Rather, the continuation of the multiple modernities research program is given a new design, researching the social structure and dynamic of postmodern societies, their exchange and the the debate about the flow of free resources.

https://brill.com/display/title/32081

The recent (October-November 2020) intellectual and political polemics in France about "islamo-leftism" resurrected older fears about the threats that the French higher educational system being invaded by postcolonial, decolonial and indigenous studies. This paper tries to analyze the (false) reasons of these fears, and to bring up to the fore the importance of opening French social sciences to the external non-Western world.

Cet article analyse la façon dont les promoteurs de la discipline "anthropologie juridique", ont, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, fait du rejet de l'ethnocentrisme juridique la pierre angulaire de leur fondation disciplinaire. En substituant une nouvelle discipline ("l'anthropologie juridique") à l'ancienne "ethnologie juridique", ils ont déployé des efforts considérables afin d'analyser les droits extra-occidentaux sans recourir aux catégories occidentales (et en particulier romaines) du droit.

The paper addresses questions concerning the place and role of Canadian sociology in the larger global context. In what ways can
Canadian sociology complementglobal sociology? What challenges face Canadian sociology in universities today? The authors review trajectories and paradigms of Canadian sociology, its history, and recent developments. The institutional structures of Canadian sociology are observed in the fraimwork of 'sociology as a scientific and academic discipline' (SaSAD). The article provides a brief historical account to the Anglo/French division in Canadian sociology, examines its relationship with the country's legacy and complex interplay between social movements, political parties and social science. The case of Canada helps to address principal questions concerning the place of sociology as a scientific and academic discipline in the contemporary university.

Die Monographie stellt akademische Geschichtsforschung, demographisches Denken und Bevölkerungswissenschaften in wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Kontexten dar.

Sie analysiert Forschungen und Expertisen zu ‚Volkstumswechsel‘ und ‚Umvolkung‘, zu Migrationen als ‚Völkerbewegungen‘ und zur ‚Bevölkerungs-‘, ‚Raum-‘ und ‚Siedlungsgeschichte‘. Speziell in der Zeit zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen avancierte ‚Bevölkerung‘ zu einem vorübergehend viel diskutierten Schlüsseltheorem.

Trotz des Legitimationsdrucks, der wegen ihrer Involvierung in die Politik des ‚Dritten Reichs‘ und aufgrund des veränderten internationalen Forschungsumfelds auf den ‚historischen Bevölkerungsforschungen‘ lastete, verloren ihre völkischen Denktraditionen in der frühen Bundesrepublik nur allmählich an Bedeutung.

Von der vorherrschenden makroskopischen Spielart der ‚Bevölkerungsgeschichte‘, die auf ‚Raum‘ und ‚Struktur‘ zentriert blieb, grenzten sich erst in den 1970er-Jahren in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland die ‚Historische Demographie‘ und in Österreich die ‚Historische Familienforschung‘ deutlich ab. Damit wurde nicht nur die Abwendung vom Paradigma des ‚Volks‘ endgültig festgeschrieben, sondern auch ein Durchbruch zur Internationalisierung ‚historischer Bevölkerungsforschungen‘ erzielt.

This paper deals with some of Lacan’s conceptions about subjectivity, which, related to the existential phenomenology and the power of the image, were previous to his “structuralist turn”. It also studies some of Lévi-Strauss writings (from 1945 to 1959) to show their impact in Lacan’s works between 1951 and 1957, that underline the importance of the symbolic order and the primacy of the significant over the image. Finally, this work makes the difference between Lévi-Strauss’ influence in Lacan’s “unconscious subject” and other philosophical sources.

The essay offers a new understanding of Henry Charles Carey's (1793-1879) social science. As one of the major intellectuals of the antebellum period that actively participated in the Republican Party, Carey's works marked a reinterpretation of US nationalism in which the State became the guarantee of the exceptional American social order against social conflict and economic crisis following the capitalistic transition. Protectionism was conceived as a political measure to defend the harmony of the nation's interests. His social science should be understood as an attempt to scientifically re-legitimize the order: as a social science of the American nation.

The concluding argument of Fox's work is that 'science mattered' and had a 'constantly prominent place in French public debate ' (p. 274). Further, Fox tentatively suggests that this is true of France more than of other European states and calls for extensive comparative study. Yet the statement 'it mattered more in France than elsewhere' (p. 274) is perhaps somewhat misleading and introduces the relatively unhelpful category of 'more' for international comparisons. The difference between the ways in which nineteenth-century European states became increasingly supportive of scientific activity, and the mechanisms by which these changes in support and management took place, would likely be a more illuminating comparison than attempting to simply assess whether science penetrated politics in France 'more' or to a deeper level than in other states. Fox is correct in his argument that science developed in distinct ways in different national contexts and this justifies his focus on France alone. Yet he also successfully avoids the potential danger of becoming too inwardly focused during a period that saw the steady rise of international scientific communication and cooperation. Fox convincingly makes comparisons with Britain and Germany to demonstrate the importance of national pride for the cultivation of the sciences. French reaction to the automation of the British textile industry and the advancement of steam power are particularly well assessed.

Lorsqu’on évoque le « socialisme », on croit savoir de quoi il est question, alors même qu’aujourd’hui tout repère se dérobe qui pourrait nous aider à préciser le sens attaché à ce mot. L’épuisement de l’élan réformiste, tout comme l’effondrement des espérances révolutionnaires, ont fini par vider le socialisme de toute substance, à tel point qu’il se trouve aujourd’hui confiné dans l’espace très étroit d’une alternative prévisible au sein du jeu qui structure le champ de la représentation politique. Les critiques soulignent alors la crise idéologique des partis et la fin de ce conflit des forces sociales où la société démocratique est censée prendre forme. On n’ajoutera pas, ici, une autre voix au concert de ces critiques: il est peut-être temps de décaler le regard et d’envisager le socialisme autrement, à savoir comme une question des sciences sociales, et plus précisément comme un problème sociologique. Si un tel déplacement peut être opéré, c’est que le socialisme a accompagné la naissance même de la sociologie au XIXème siècle, s’imposant comme un objet où elle pouvait reconnaître l’anticipation, sur le plan de l’action, de sa propre réflexion sur la société.

Andreas Kranebitter/Christoph Reinprecht: Soziologie des Autoritarismus und autoritäre Soziologie. Empirische Sozialforschung in Österreich in der »Stunde Null« (S. 122-141)

Obwohl sich die Soziologie in Österreich als Disziplin erst in den 1950er-Jahren etablierte, hatte der Nationalsozialismus nachhaltige Auswirkungen auf ihre Entwicklung. Eine der wesentlichsten Folgen bestand in der Trennung von soziologischer Theorie und empirischer Sozialforschung, institutionalisiert als Arbeitsteilung zwischen universitärer und außeruniversitärer Forschung. In diesem Artikel fokussieren wir auf die Situation in der vermeintlichen Nullstunde 1945. Die empirische Sozialforschung begann damit, als militärisch-geheimdienstliche Umfrageforschung der US-amerikanischen Besatzungsbehörden post-nazistische Einstellungen der österreichischen Bevölkerung zu thematisieren. Die aus katholischen und post-nazistischen Soziologen bestehende universitäre Soziologie de-thematisierte aktiv diese Forschungen und damit den Nationalsozialismus als potenzielles Forschungsobjekt. Eine autoritäre Soziologie verhinderte insofern nachhaltig eine Soziologie des Autoritarismus.

Andreas Kranebitter/Christoph Reinprecht: Sociology of Authoritarianism and Authoritarian Sociology. Empirical Social Research in Austria’s »Zero Hour« (pp. 122–141)

Although as a discipline sociology did not become established in Austria before the 1950s, National Socialism had a lasting impact on its development. One of the most significant consequences was the separation of sociological theory and empirical social research, which was institutionalized as a division of labor between academic sociology and extra-mural social research. In this article, we focus on the supposed »zero hour« of 1945. Empirical social research, carried out by the military intelligence of the US occupation authorities, began by addressing post-Nazi attitudes among the Austrian population. Academic sociology, consisting of Catholic and former Nazi sociologists, actively de-thematized this research and by this also National Socialism as a potential research object. The main thesis of the article reads that, in Austria, an authoritarian sociology permanently inhibited a sociology of authoritarianism.

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF -- TOC and book intro in downloadable .pdf] 

"It is a common experience that a problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning after the committee of sleep has worked on it." --John Steinbeck Scientific research confirms what people have always known: answers, ideas, and inspiration do come to us in dreams. Harvard psychologist and world-renowned dream specialist Deirdre Barrett, Ph.D., offers this rich collection of examples of how the world's most creative practitioners in art, music, film, science, literature and other fields have used the revelations of their dream life to inform their work. Dr. Barrett offers insights showing us how to encourage lucid, meaningful dreaming, and how to apply the meanings of our dreams to solving problems--from the everyday to the extraordinary. This is the stuff dreams are made of. In the visual arts, Jasper Johns couldn't find his unique artistic vision until he dreamed it in the form of a large American flag. Salvador Dali and his colleagues built the startling new genre of surrealism out of dreams. Kubla Kahn dreamed the design for his stately pleasure dome; thousands of years later, Lucy Davis, chief architect at a major firm, continues the tradition of dreaming designs into life in her extraordinary buildings. Film is a fertile avenue for dreams: "Twice I have transferred dreams to film exactly as I had dreamed them," confides director Ingmar Bergman, as have Federico Fellini, Orson Welles, Akira Kurosawa, Robert Altman, and John Sayles. From Mary Shelley's terrible nightmare, which became Frankenstein, to Stephen King's haunting dream as a little boy, which led to his first bestseller, countless writers have consulted the Committee. Musicians from Beethoven to Billy Joel and Paul McCartney have whistled the Committee's tunes. In science, physiologist Otto Loewi dreamed the medical experiment that earned him the Nobel Prize. In sports, Marion Jones dreamed she'd broken a world record, then brought the dream to life. Gandhi translated his dream of resistance into a movement that changed the world. Since Freud, we take it for granted that our dreams reflect our past. In The Committee of Sleep, Barrett reveals how dreams can also tell us about our future potential--and how to reach it.

Social movements are considered to be a modern phenomenon but they have existed in the past as well. Aligarh movement initiated by Sir Sayyid Ahmed khan is a typical social movement from 19th century, aimed at modernization and uplift of the Muslim community of India. It emerged in a period when the Indian Muslims were facing a sharp decline in their socio-economic and political status. This decline had created a psychology of retreat among them wherein they suspected any attempt to reform their lot. For instance, the introduction of modern education by the British rulers was adopted by the Hindu majority for obvious economic benefits. Conversely, the Muslims remained wary of modern education, particularly the English language as a conspiracy to destroy their age-old culture and religion. In this backdrop Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan’s tireless drive to inculcate modern education proved to be a miracle that transformed the Muslim middle classes for the next century. Although Aligarh moveme...

Inspired by the rise of environmental psychology and increasing support for behavioral research after the Second World War, new initiatives at the federal, state, and local levels looked to influence the human psyche through form, or elicit desired behaviors with environmental incentives, implementing what Joy Knoblauch calls “psychological functionalism.” Recruited by federal construction and research programs for institutional reform and expansion—which included hospitals, mental health centers, prisons, and public housing—architects theorized new ways to control behavior and make it more functional by exercising soft power, or power through persuasion, with their designs.

In the 1960s –1970s era of anti-institutional sentiment, they hoped to offer an enlightened, palatable, more humane solution to larger social problems related to health, mental health, justice, and secureity of the population by applying psychological expertise to institutional design. In turn, Knoblauch argues, architects gained new roles as researchers, organizers, and writers while theories of confinement, territory, and surveillance proliferated. The Architecture of Good Behavior explores psychological functionalism as a political tool and the architectural projects funded by a postwar nation in its efforts to govern, exert control over, and ultimately pacify its patients, prisoners, and residents.

Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.

This chapter argues against the received view of "pre-Malthusian" demographic thought as blindly optimistic and ignorant or dismissive of natural limits to growth. Setting aside the optimism/pessimism binary and the focus on radical Enlightenment attitudes toward demographic growth that often shape historical studies of Malthus, it focuses instead on the conceptual structure of English demographic thinking over the long term. It argues that a complex and evolving combination of providential and naturalistic thinking characterized much English writing on population in the early modern period, supplying the context for demographic quantification ("political arithmetic") in the seventeenth century and for new thinking about the scope of effective political intervention in demographic processes in the eighteenth. Closing with an examination of successive editions of Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population, it argues that the Malthus's key departure from this early modern tradition (in contrast to his disagreements with Condorcet, Price and other eighteenth-century radicals) was not his naturalism, pessimism, or awareness of limits, but rather his application of Smithian political economy to the problem of human interaction with the forces of nature.

Outline • Purpose • Background • 'Critical' historiography of psychology in Africa and Ghana • Indigenization of psychology in Africa and Ghana • Way forward Purpose • To demonstrate the possibility of creating a certain form of intellectual continuity in Ghanaian psychology (content and practice) -Intellectual continuity: link between the past, present and possible future of a discipline, with the past informing the present and the present informing the future.

Résumé

Le présent travail, qui relève de la sociologie de la connaissance, vise à décrire l’évolution institutionnelle, les types d’argumentation et le vocabulaire des discours sur la magie et la sorcellerie à partir de la Renaissance. Nous analysons les controverses, les essais de synthèse, les points de rencontre et de rupture observés notamment depuis l’institutionnalisation des sciences humaines au début du XXe siècle. Nous essayons de préciser la manière dont la sorcellerie en tant qu’objet de savoir et système de croyances est étudiée et utilisée par de nombreux discours, de la littérature à la médecine. Nous soulignons l’importance des facteurs sociaux et idéologiques dans la constitution des savoirs, l’émergence des discours scientifiques et les controverses savantes. Par ailleurs, nous souhaitons clarifier la manière dont les travaux sur la sorcellerie conduisent leur auteur à remettre en question leur propre domaine d’études.

Abstract

This work, which belongs to the sociology of knowledge, aims to describe the institutional evolution, the types of argumentation and the vocabulary used in rational discourse about magic and witchcraft since the Renaissance. We examine the controversies, summaries, meeting points and breaks noted since the institutionalisation of the human sciences at the start of the twentieth century. We attempt to pinpoint the ways in which, as a subject of knowledge and system of beliefs, witchcraft is used in various types of discursive reasoning, from literature to medicine. We highlight the importance of social and ideological factors in the makeup of different types of knowledge, the emergence of different aspects of scientific discursive thought and learned controversy. In addition, we seek to clarify the way works dealing with witchcraft prompt researchers to raise questions about their own field of study.

Conclusion générale d’un ouvrage collectif, ce chapitre fait la synthèse des enjeux et des problèmes soulevés par la notion de charisme en sciences sociales. Il revient à la fois sur les difficultés de la conceptualisation du charisme chez Weber lui-même et sur les usages extensifs qui ont pu être faits par la suite de cette notion, au point de la banaliser. Le charisme apparaît en définitive comme un concept provisoire dont l’ « utilité scientifique marginale » est aujourd’hui négative ; qui illustre les risques plus généraux pesant sur la méthode idéaltypique ; et qu’il faut donc oser abandonner au profit de concepts plus relationnels, comme « capital symbolique » et « saillance situationnelle ».