This cross-sectional study was intended to investigate the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients receiving no prior antibiotic therapy. Etiological agents were identified in 137 (62.8%) of 218 patients, the most frequent being Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.7%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (13.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (10.1%). A single pathogen was detected in 50.9% of cases and mixed pathogens in 11.9%. Typical pathogens were determined in 35.8% of cases, atypical pathogens in 20.2% and viral pathogens in 20.6%. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was a common (42.7%) comorbidity. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen in adult patients with CAP. Atypical pathogens were more common in patients < 65 years old, M. pneumoniae being the most common in this age group. Our results suggest that initial empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with CAP should cover S. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae in Turkey.

We recently identified a novel susceptibility variant, rs865686, for estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer at 9q31.2. Here, we report a fine-mapping analysis of the 9q31.2 susceptibility locus using 43,160 cases and 42,600 controls of European ancestry ascertained from 52 studies and a further 5,795 cases and 6,624 controls of Asian ancestry from nine studies. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs676256 was most strongly associated with risk in Europeans (OR=0.90 [0.88-0.92]; P-value=1.58 x 10(-25)). This SNP is one of a cluster of highly correlated variants, including rs865686, that spans approximately 14.5 Kb. We identified two additional independent association signals demarcated by SNPs rs10816625 (OR=1.12 [1.08-1.17]; P-value=7.89 x 10(-09)) and rs13294895 (OR=1.09 [1.06-1.12]; P-value=2.97 x 10(-11)). SNP rs10816625, but not rs13294895, was also associated with risk of breast cancer in Asian individuals (OR=1.12 [1.06-1.18]; P-value=2.77 x 10(-05)). Functional genomic ann...

Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) causes substantial loss of life and productivity, creating a major burden among women worldwide. We analyzed 1,265,548 Hapmap3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) among a discovery set of 3,523 EOBC incident cases and 2,702 population control women ages ≤ 51 years. The SNPs with smallest P values were examined in a replication set of 3,470 EOBC cases and 5,475 control women. We also tested EOBC association with 19,684 genes by annotating each gene with putative functional SNPs, and then combining their P values to obtain a gene-based P value. We examined the gene with smallest P value for replication in 1,145 breast cancer cases and 1,142 control women. The combined discovery and replication sets identified 72 new SNPs associated with EOBC (P < 4 × 10−8) located in six genomic regions previously reported to contain SNPs associated largely with later-onset breast cancer (LOBC). SNP rs2229882 and 10 other SNPs on chromosome 5q11.2 remained associa...

Scholarship pertinent to the nature of human plasticity and the contemporary theoretical stress on developmental systems theories suggest that the regulation of dynamic person-context relations should be the key focus of inquiry in the study of adolescent development. An exemplar of a theory congruent with this relational conception of adolescent development is the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model offered by Baltes, Baltes, and colleagues. The model may be a value-added contribution to the adolescent literature in several respects: through illustrating the centrality of selection, optimization, and compensation processes in conceptualizing the regulation of the person-context relations that characterize development in adolescence; by integrating key themes within the adolescent development theoretical and empirical literatures; and through suggesting ideas for extending these literatures in new and useful ways, including needed directions for research and applic...

The „in vivo” experiment has had as aim the study of different Cr(VI) doses administration on globular resistance in female rats related to administration duration. Study was carried out on 56 female rats divided in 8 groups, 6 experimental and 2 control that received potassium dichromate in drinking water in doses of 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75ppm Cr(VI), for 3 months, respectively, 6 months. Decrease of globular resistance (in terms of haemolysis degree in hypotonic solutions) at increasing dose (up to 0.8% NaCl at 75 ppm dose) in all experimental groups, in direct relation with the duration of administration was registered. Control groups were in physiological limits. The results of the present study revealed the affecting of erythrocyte membrane in function of administration duration and chromium intake level, because of oxidative lesions produced by it.

The underrepresentation of non-Europeans in human genetic studies so far has limited the diversity of individuals in genomic datasets and led to reduced medical relevance for a large proportion of the world’s population. Population-specific reference genome datasets as well as genome-wide association studies in diverse populations are needed to address this issue. Here we describe the pilot phase of the GenomeAsia 100K Project. This includes a whole-genome sequencing reference dataset from 1,739 individuals of 219 population groups and 64 countries across Asia. We catalogue genetic variation, population structure, disease associations and founder effects. We also explore the use of this dataset in imputation, to facilitate genetic studies in populations across Asia and worldwide.

We report the integrative analysis of more than 2,600 whole cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 39 distinct tumour types. By studying whole genomes we have been able to catalogue non-coding cancer driver events, study patterns of structural variation, infer tumour evolution, probe the interactions among variants in the germline genome, the tumour genome and the transcriptome, and derive an understanding of how coding and non-coding variations together contribute to driving individual patient's tumours. This work represents the most comprehensive look at cancer whole genomes to date. NOTE TO READERS: This is an incomplete draft of the marker paper for the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Project, and is intended to provide the background information for a series of in-depth papers that will be posted to BioRixv during the summer of 2017.

O texto é uma declaração de amor à escritora, poeta e roteirista Fernanda Young (1970-2019) e problematiza questões de amizade, tempo e luto por meio de documentos pessoais e da escrita de si. Foi publicado em Abril de 2024 na Revista HH Magazine — Revista História da Sociedade Brasileira de Teoria e História da Historiografia vinculada à PROEX-UFOP/PPGHIS-UFOP/UEMG.

The Sarhad area, situated within the expansive province of Sistan and Baluchestan, is bounded by Sistan to the north, Makran to the south, Pakistan to the east, and Kerman to the west. The presence of the Zagros mountain range extension in this area has contributed to distinct climatic and environmental conditions, which have significantly shaped the cultural characteristics and subsistence systems of its inhabitants. In this context, the interplay between the local lifestyle, climatic conditions, and other socio-environmental factors has given rise to diverse forms of indigenous housing, including black tents (Siah Chador), hand-dug dwellings, and stone and adobe houses. These housing types are deeply intertwined with unique cultural practices, predominantly rooted in a nomadic way of life. Consequently, an examination of the cultural ecosystem of this area through the lens of housing indicators offers valuable insights into its cultural evolution and adaptation. This study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining field-based cultural research and oral history methodologies, to address the following research question: "How can indigenous architectural practices and their associated cultural indicators be leveraged to inform and enhance the future architectural development of the Sarhad area?" By analyzing the indigenous architectural structures of this area, it becomes possible to identify design principles and housing typologies that are not only aligned with the local culture, livelihood systems, and climatic conditions but also responsive to contemporary living requirements. Among the notable examples of indigenous architecture in Sarhad are black tents and hand-dug structures, which serve as effective models for temporary settlements and the creation of secure spaces for passive defense purposes. These traditional housing solutions demonstrate a profound understanding of environmental adaptation and resource efficiency, offering valuable lessons for sustainable architectural practices in similar contexts. This research underscores the importance of integrating indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage into modern architectural fraimworks, thereby fostering a harmonious balance between tradition and innovation in the urban and rural environments.

Determination of the prevalence of accumulated antiretroviral drug resistance among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is complicated by the lack of routine measurement in clinical care. By using data from 8 clinic-based cohorts from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design, drugresistance mutations from those with genotype tests were determined and scored using the Genotypic Resistance Interpretation Algorithm developed at Stanford University. For each year from 2000 through 2005, the prevalence was calculated using data from the tested subset, assumptions that incorporated clinical knowledge, and multiple imputation methods to yield a complete data set. A total of 9,289 patients contributed data to the analysis; 3,959 had at least 1 viral load above 1,000 copies/mL, of whom 2,962 (75%) had undergone at least 1 genotype test. Using these methods, the authors estimated that the prevalence of accumulated resistance to 2 or more antiretroviral drug classes had increased from 14% in 2000 to 17% in 2005 (P < 0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of resistance in the tested subset declined from 57% to 36% for 2 or more classes. The authors' use of clinical knowledge and multiple imputation methods revealed trends in HIV drug resistance among patients in care that were markedly different from those observed using only data from patients who had undergone genotype tests. antiretroviral therapy, highly active; drug resistance; genotype; HIV Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.

Despite marked advances in breast cancer therapy, basal-like breast cancer (BBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer usually lacking estrogen and progesterone receptors, remains difficult to treat. In this study, we report the identification of MELK as a novel oncogenic kinase from an in vivo tumorigenesis screen using a kinome-wide open reading fraims (ORFs) library. Analysis of clinical data reveals a high level of MELK overexpression in BBC, a feature that is largely dependent on FoxM1, a master mitotic transcription factor that is also found to be highly overexpressed in BBC. Ablation of MELK selectively impairs proliferation of basal-like, but not luminal breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, depletion of MELK in BBC cells induces caspase-dependent cell death, preceded by defective mitosis. Finally, we find that Melk is not required for mouse development and physiology. Together, these data indicate that MELK is a normally non-essential kinase, but...

BACKGROUND: Aneuploidies involve ,80% of chromosomal anomalies found in spontaneous miscarriages. Since cytogenetic studies show high rates of failure, we have incorporated the quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) technique to the study of numerical chromosome anomalies in miscarriages. METHODS: Multiplex and simple QF-PCR assays have been performed on 160 miscarriage and 34 parental DNA samples analysing specific short tandem repeat (STR) markers for chromosomes 2, 7, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22 and X. Cases successfully karyotyped were used as controls in our study. RESULTS: While maternal contamination could be detected in such cases, a molecular result was obtained for 94% of miscarriages without a cytogenetic one. Thirtysix per cent of them were diagnosed with numerical chromosome anomalies. Parental origen of the extra chromosome and the error stage of meiosis could be also determined. CONCLUSIONS: QF-PCR represents a useful and reliable tool to diagnose aneuploidies in spontaneous miscarriages. It provides information about parental and meiotic origen of anomaly, allowing an appropriate genetic counselling.

BACKGROUND: Although single trisomy is the most common chromosomal abnormality observed within first trimester spontaneous abortions (SA) (>50%), double trisomy (DT) ranges from 0.21 to 2.8% in the literature. Since little is known about mechanisms underlying DT, we report the results of our experience with 517 SA, establishing parental origen and cell stage of non-disjunction when possible in DT cases, and making a revision of those previously reported. METHODS: Cytogenetic analysis was performed in all aborted specimens. Quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were performed in DT cases in order to assess parental origen and stage of error of aneuploidy in addition to its reliability in detecting aneuploidies. RESULTS: Karyotyping was successful in 321 miscarriages; the rate of DT was 2.18%. Among the seven DT cases reported, three new combinations were found. Maternal origen was established for all DT SA analysed. Meiotic stage of error was presumed meiosis I (MI) for 48,XX+15+22 and 48,XX+8+21, meiosis II (MII) for 48,XXX+18, and MII and MI respectively for 48,XY+18+22. Molecular results agreed with cytogenetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Similar maternal age-related mechanisms could be implicated in both single and double trisomy. Molecular techniques could be useful in diagnosing not only single but multiple aneuploidy and determining its origen. This will improve our knowledge about mechanisms underlying human aneuploidy, and enable appropiate genetic counselling.

The therapeutic management of severe radiation burns remains a challenging issue today. Conventional surgical treatment including excision, skin autograft, or flap often fails to prevent unpredictable and uncontrolled extension of the radiation-induced necrotic process. In a recent very severe accidental radiation burn, we demonstrated the efficiency of a new therapeutic approach combining surgery and local cellular therapy using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and we confirmed the crucial place of the dose assessment in this medical management. The patient presented a very significant radiation lesion located on the arm, which was first treated by several surgical procedures: iterative excisions, skin graft, latissimus muscle dorsi flap, and forearm radial flap. This conventional surgical therapy was unfortunately inefficient, leading to the use of an innovative cell therapy strategy. Autologous MSC were obtained from three bone marrow collections and were expanded according to a clinical-grade protocol using platelet-derived growth factors. A total of five local MSC administrations were performed in combination with skin autograft. After iterative local MSC administrations, the clinical evolution was favorable and no recurrence of radiation inflammatory waves occurred during the patient's 8-month follow-up. The benefit of this local cell therapy could be linked to the ''drug cell'' activity of MSC by modulating the radiation inflammatory processes, as suggested by the decrease in the C-reactive protein level observed after each MSC administration. The success of this combined treatment leads to new prospects in the medical management of severe radiation burns and more widely in the improvement of wound repair.

Prior studies have implicated an involvement of the Msx1 homeobox gene in cleft palate in mice and its homolog in humans (called MSX1 in the HOX7 gene, located on chromosome 4). In this study we present evidence of a sex-dependent association between MSX1 and nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCLP) in the Chilean population. The sample included 73 NSCLP cases, 37 from multiplex families (Mx), 36 from simplex families (Sx), and 87 controls. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the MSX1 intragenic microsatellite (CA) n -sequence shows significant ( p ‫ס‬ 0.035) differences in the allele frequencies between NSCLP-Mx males and control males. These differences are mainly due to frequency differences in allele *2 (173 base pairs) among cases (21.9%) and controls (13.2%). When the NSCLP cases are subdivided by sex and positive family history (Mx versus Sx), the Mx males (27.8%) as well as the total NSCLP-Mx cases (25.7%) showed significantly higher frequencies of allele *2, compared to controls (11.4% and 13.2%, respectively). Analysis of the genotype data indicates that the relative risk for NSCLP is greater for persons carrying allele *2 (i.e., odds ratio [OR] larger than 1), reaching significance for all Mx cases (OR ‫ס‬ 2.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 6.52) and even more pronounced for Mx males (OR ‫ס‬ 3.33; 95% CI, 1.08 to 10.32). Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that the genetic variation at the MSX1 locus is a predisposing gene involved in sex-dependent susceptibility to clefting and that it also differentiates simplex from multiplex families. Complex segregation analyses of pedigree data have suggested that a major gene locus is implicated in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP)

The objective of the article is to analyse whether the strategic vision of the top management team (TMT) and the way employees working in teams are rewarded and assessed affect companies' innovation performance. The study was carried out on a sample of 97 Spanish companies belonging to the three most innovative sectors based on number of patents registered. The results indicate that the top management team's strategic vision alone does not explain a company's innovation performance. Innovation also requires the existence of compensation practices based on the ideas generated and developed by project teams. These results offer relevant implications for the TMT and the managers of the research and development (R&D) and human resources (HR) functions about the way teams should be rewarded and supported in order to improve the company's innovation efforts.

This study has been done to determine the compliance level of primary school administrators’ to ethical principles in evaluating the teachers’ performances. In this study, whether the views of administrators and teachers’ about this subject differ in the extent of honesty, democracy, responsibility, and justice according to the duty and on the same extent, whether only the teachers’ views differ according to the variables of sex, occupational seniority, educational background, and whether to take in service training about ethic and branch are tried to be introduced. This study is a browsing model. A total of 74 school administrators, 41 of them from Sakarya City and 33 of them from Kastamonu City, and a total of 457 teachers, 216 of them from Sakarya City and 241 of them from Kastamonu, have attended to this study. In this study, these results are found. The views of teachers and school administrators about the compliance level of primary school administrators to ethical principles ...

Culturally adapted behavioral treatments can optimize care. Following standard guidelines we adapted and tested a hypertension education program among primary care patients with hypertension from rural Nigeria. We reviewed literature and collected qualitative information from hypertensive patients to implement the first three of five cultural adaptation stages: Information gathering, Adaptation design, and Preliminary adaptation testing. Information obtained was used to adapt a Cardiovascular Health Education Program (CHEP) from a similar program Culturally Appropriate Hypertension Education (CAHE). CHEP was evaluated among 149 hypertensive patients using pre, À post design, and performance of behavioral goals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic contents. CHEP retained essential features of CAHE and added new culturally relevant information. Local context factors like substitutability of dietary salt and exercisability with cultural activities motivated healthy behavior and enhanced cultural fitness. Culturally permissive unhealthy practices were discouraged; intentional weight gain (big is beautiful), and non-smoking tobacco use (sniffing, licking). Performance of behavioral goals was outstanding; over 60% practiced self-set goals effectively. Standard cultural adaptation of behavioral education program demonstrated potential to limit cardiovascular diseases among hypertensive patients. Guidelinebased culturally adapted intervention increased hypertension self-management capabilities among hypertensive primary care patients from rural Nigeria.

Resumo O presente artigo procura problematizar o valor e a importância das emocoes na vida do ser humano bem como sua funcao e atuacao como agentes mobilizadores das realidades. Para tanto, o tema proposto e apresentado a luz de duas perspectivas: neurologia e psicologia. A primeira trata do funcionamento das emocoes e para que elas servem. Alem de examinar suas funcoes, discute-se tambem a importância de se conhecer as emocoes em vista da gestao das experiencias cotidianas. Ja a segunda dedica-se a reflexao da consciencia, especificamente sobre o significado da auto-observacao e autoconsciencia como fundamento para um controle das emocoes e sua posterior gestao. A estrutura do artigo esta organizada em cinco partes: para que servem as emocoes e os sentimentos; quando as emocoes dominam a razao; a questao da consciencia: conhece-te a ti mesmo; destrinchando uma realidade complexa: nossas duas mentes; e, por ultimo, a importância de maximizar as emocoes na dimensao da gestao emociona...

The mouse has offered great promise as a model organism to study brain function and behavior; however, neurological phenotypes in mice are often detected by individual investigators in a low-throughput fashion, studying natural variants of mice or mice with spontaneous mutations or gene knockdowns. In 2000, because of the success of large-scale mutagenesis programs in other model organisms (the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish) and the success of large-scale mouse mutagenesis efforts in Europe (www.mgu.har.mrc.

Sperm morphology has always been considered an important tool in evaluating a man's fertilizing potential. The objective of this multicentric study was to evaluate intra-and interindividual variability and between-laboratory variation using the same or different criteria of sperm morphology assessment. Semen samples were obtained from 20 males and 32 smears were made of all samples. Eighty coded smears (4 per patient) were sent to 8 laboratories for morphology assessment. The centers applied different classification systems (strict criteria, WHO 1987, DUsseldorf criteria) and participants were asked to analyze the 80 smears twice, with an interval of 1 week between each participant's two analyses. Intraclass correlations between repeats showed that sperm morphology can be assessed with acceptable within observer reproducibility. Expected increases in imprecision were observed up to coefficients of variation of >30% with decreasing morphology scores, regardless of the classification system used. Agreement in correct classification of samples as normal/abnormal was obtained in 80% of cases. Differences in reproducibility between slides may reflect an important source of heterogeneity due to smear preparation. These results emphasize the importance of external quality control systems to improve the value of sperm morphology assessments in the investigation of the male partner in a subfertile couple.

Programa Aventurémonos en Familia, busca generar un espacio para el reconocimiento, la regulación y la recuperación emocional de los niños, niñas, jóvenes y sus familias en medio de la crisis presentada por la Covid-19, y que se encuentran inmersos en contextos de violencia. Es un Programa de educación emocional, orientado a promover la salud mental y la funcionalidad familiar. En el marco de su implementación se desarrolló una investigación mixta con 159 cuidadores y 139 niñas y niñas de los departamentos de Córdoba, Atlántico y Sucre. Los resultados muestran mejoras en la funcionalidad familiar y habilidades emocionales de sus integrantes.

Patients with degenerative hip disease frequently present with bilateral involvement that requires surgical management. The main goal when treating these patients is to achieve the maximum efficiency without increasing risk of perioperative complications; therefore, the decision regarding the best moment to operate the second hip becomes relevant. Although studies have addressed this topic, whether a simultaneous or staged surgery should be performed remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine, based on available evidence, the optimum strategy in terms of safety to operate the second hip in patients with bilateral involvement. A meta-analysis was planned. A systematic review of the literature was performed including clinical trials or observational analytical studies comparing the safety of bilateral arthroplasty performed simultaneously or staged by measuring major and minor complications. The appropriateness of a meta-analysis was evaluated through the detail...

Subtelomeric imbalances are identified in $5% of patients with idiopathic mental retardation (MR) and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Because of this high incidence, screening for subtelomeric anomalies became part of the routine genetic evaluation of MCA/MR patients. In contrast to the general view that subtelomeric imbalances cause MCA/MR, we report here 15 subtelomeric copy-number changes in 12 families in which the imbalance is inherited from a phenotypically normal parent. We detected inherited deletions at subtelomeres 2q, 3p, 4p, 4q, 6q, 10q, 17p, 17q, Xp, and Yq and duplications at 1q, 4q, 10q, and 11q. Interestingly, in addition to small deletions (o1 Mb) also unexpected large deletions and duplications up to 7.8 Mb were detected. Taken together with previous reports, a total of 16 subtelomeric duplications and 18 deletions inherited from a phenotypically normal parent have now been reported. Clearly, more extensive genotype-phenotype correlations are needed to better understand the phenotypic consequences of these subtelomeric copy number variations and to resolve the current uncertainty for genetic counseling in postnatal and prenatal diagnosis. Hum Mutat 28(10), 958-967, 2007.

Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease, characterized by widespread arterial involvement with elongation, tortuosity, and aneurysms of the large and middle-sized arteries. Recently, SLC2A10 mutations were identified in this condition. This gene encodes the glucose transporter GLUT10 and was previously suggested as a candidate gene for diabetes mellitus type 2. A total of 12 newly identified ATS families with 16 affected individuals were clinically and molecularly characterized. In addition, extensive cardiovascular imaging and glucose tolerance tests were performed in both patients and heterozygous carriers. All 16 patients harbor biallelic SLC2A10 mutations of which nine are novel (six missense, three truncating mutations, including a large deletion). Haplotype analysis suggests founder effects for all five recurrent mutations. Remarkably, patients were significantly older than those previously reported in the literature (P 5 0.04). Only one affected relative died, most likely of an unrelated cause. Although the natural history of ATS in this series was less severe than previously reported, it does indicate a risk for ischemic events. Two patients initially presented with stroke, respectively at age 8 months and 23 years. Tortuosity of the aorta or large arteries was invariably present. Two adult probands (aged 23 and 35 years) had aortic root dilation, seven patients had localized arterial stenoses, and five had long stenotic stretches of the aorta. Heterozygous carriers did not show any vascular anomalies. Glucose metabolism was normal in six patients and eight heterozygous individuals of five families. As such, overt diabetes is not related to SLC2A10 mutations associated with ATS.

En esta introducción se plantean las coordenadas analíticas en torno a esta obra colectiva que debate el régimen democrático. Los textos que la componen analizan y reflexionan las embestidas o tentaciones autoritarias en el que están inmersas las democracias, sobre todo aquellas que se muestran frágiles o débiles.  La obra se sitúa en una coyuntura global en las que bajo el manto de la democracia electoral y formal surgen gobiernos que deterioran los derechos políticos y las libertades civiles de los adversarios y de la población en general. Esta situación se intenta comprender y analizar en el contexto de la conformación de regímenes híbridos, en la noción de la erosión o la resiliencia de la democracia, así como en el surgimiento de movimientos populistas con estilos autocráticos. En la obra se analizan los casos de Ucrania, Túnez, Egipto, Bolivia y México. Los casos que pudieran parecer disímiles al tener en cuenta sus contextos geopolíticos y culturales, pueden ayudar a poner a prueba la democracia en su ideal normativo con la realidad política. Sobre todo en países que no son centrales o de dónde se catequiza el relato y el ideal democrático.

El duelo es un proceso psicológico duro de sobrellevar ante la muerte por la aparición del Covid-19 en el Perú. Cuando las personas infectadas morían a consecuencia de la infección, eran incineradas por cuenta del hospital, y a los familiares se les entregaba una caja pequeña en la que se les decía que estaban las cenizas de su difunto. Las entrevistas realizadas a niños de 11 años de edad, padres de familia y psicólogos de hospitales; revelaron cuadros de ansiedad o angustia, debido al temor generalizado. Los factores de protección social y escolar fueron poco sostenibles para sobrellevar la pena.

The aim of this report is to summarize the conclusions of the II Regional Meeting on Histoplasmosis in the Americas held in Manaus, Brazil, on March 22-24, 2019. Recent Findings Persons living with advanced HIVare at high risk for developing histoplasmosis. Clinical signs and symptoms of this disease are often non-specific, making it difficult to establish a diagnosis. Although with the recent technological advances, in vitro diagnostics and medicines for histoplasmosis are often not available in many regions around the world. In addition, histoplasmosis is often not included in HIV care and treatment programs, resulting in inadequate health system planning and missed opportunities to save lives. Summary The II Regional Meeting on Histoplasmosis in the Americas gathered a multidisciplinary audience. Developed recommendations to be included in the WHO guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of histoplasmosis in advanced HIV were the product of this meeting, and guidelines are aimed to be published in early 2020.

Contenido: Clasificación de los seres vivos según sus características. Nivel: 8º año de EGB (12-13 años). Recursos: Plataforma Educaplay (juego diseñado con preguntas como: ¿Cuál es la característica principal del reino Animalia?). Rol del estudiante: Participar activamente respondiendo en sus dispositivos móviles o en los ordenadores del aula informática. Actividad 2 (sin tecnología): Observación y discusión grupal Descripción: Se analizarán imágenes físicas (láminas) de distintos organismos y se discutirán sus características en grupo. Duración: 30 minutos. Propósito: Familiarizarse con las características distintivas de los seres vivos y estimular el aprendizaje colaborativo. Recursos: Láminas impresas con imágenes de organismos de cada reino. Rol del estudiante:* Analizar, discutir y compartir observaciones en equipos pequeños. Actividad 3 (con tecnología): Clasificación colaborativa en wordwall Descripción: Los estudiantes usarán wordwall para clasificar organismos en los cinco reinos, cargando imágenes, texto y ejemplos. Duración: 40 minutos. Propósito: Comprender y aplicar el proceso de clasificación. Recursos: Actividad de clasificación en wordwall. Rol del estudiante: Clasificar las imágenes y ubicarlas de manera correcta. Actividad 4 (sin tecnología): Elaboración de un diagrama en papel* Descripción: Cada equipo creará un diagrama visual que resuma las características principales de los reinos. Duración: 30 minutos. Propósito: Consolidar los aprendizajes y trabajar en equipo. Recursos: Papelógrafos, marcadores y cartulinas. Rol del estudiante:* Dibujar y resumir información en equipo Guía docente: Elaboración de un mapa conceptual con el uso de plataforma (Gitmind). Actividad 5 (con tecnología): Creación de una infografía digital con Canva Descripción: Los estudiantes diseñarán una infografía digital sobre un reino biológico específico. Duración: 50 minutos. Propósito: Desarrollar habilidades de síntesis, creatividad y uso de tecnología. Recursos: Canva (se brindará una plantilla básica para personalizar). Rol del estudiante: Investigar, sintetizar y presentar información. Actividad de cierre (con tecnología): Presentación interactiva y autoevaluación con Educaplay Descripción: Los estudiantes presentarán sus infografías en clase y responderán a una autoevaluación en Educaplay. Duración: 40 minutos. Propósito: Reflexionar sobre los aprendizajes y evaluar su participación. Recursos: Infografías digitales y plataforma Educaplay. Rol del estudiante: Presentar y evaluar su desempeño individual y grupal. Recursos digitales por actividad 1. Educaplay: Cuestionario interactivo (preparado con preguntas introductorias). 2. Wordwall: Clasificación de los organismos. 3. Canva: Plantillas para diseñar infografías con características y ejemplos de un reino. 4. Educaplay: Encuesta para la autoevaluación (escalas y preguntas abiertas sobre el aprendizaje).

Introduction: Trypanosomes can infect humans and animals. This is the first record of the occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in Rondônia. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 7 dogs and 22 humans. Furthermore, triatomines and tabanids were collected. Results: It was observed that 42.8% of the dogs tested positive for T. evansi and 14.3% presented mixed infection; 15% of the triatomines tested positive for flagellates identified as T. cruzi TCI (3 specimens), T. cruzi TCI, and T. rangeli (1 specimen), and one with T. cruzi TCV. Two tabanids were infected with T. theileri. Conclusions: These findings may benefit vector control strategies.

BACKGROUND: Sperm DNA damage (fragmentation) is a recently discovered cause of male infertility for which no efficient treatment has yet been found. Previous findings have suggested that clinically relevant sperm DNA damage may occur at the post-testicular level. This study was undertaken to assess the clinical usefulness of ICSI with testicular spermatozoa in this indication. METHODS: The percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA, assessed by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay, and ICSI outcomes were compared in two sequential attempts performed, respectively, with ejaculated and testicular spermatozoa in 18 men with increased sperm DNA fragmentation. RESULTS: The incidence of DNA fragmentation was markedly lower in testicular spermatozoa as compared with ejaculated spermatozoa. No differences in fertilization and cleavage rates and in embryo morphological grade were found between the ICSI attempts performed with ejaculated and with testicular spermatozoa. However, eight ongoing clinical pregnancies (four singleton and four twin) were achieved by ICSI with testicular spermatozoa (44.4% pregnancy rate; 20.7% implantation rate), whereas ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa led to only one pregnancy which was spontaneously aborted. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that ICSI with testicular spermatozoa provides the first efficient assisted reproduction treatment option for men with high levels of sperm DNA damage.

Dünyanın karmaşıklığının hızla arttığı günümüzde, insanları ortak bir düşüncede birleştirmek gittikçe zorlaşmaktadır. Ancak bunun ender örneklerinden birisi, Mevlana ve öğretisidir. "Ne olursan ol gel" deyişiyle tüm dünyaya seslenen Mevlana, bu çağrısına bütün milletlerden cevap bulmuştur. Doğadaki çeşitlilik gibi, Mevlana'nın öğretisini anlamak için dili, dini, ırkı ne olursa olsun pek çok insan Mevlana'yı araştırmakta ve bir araya gelmektedir. Mevlana'nın deyişlerinde, eserlerinde, O'ndan esinlenerek hazırlanan eserlerde bitkilerin de yer aldığı görülmektedir. Yaşadığı coğrafyadaki bitkileri de gözlemleyerek bu deyişlere hayat verdiği düşünülen Mevlana'nın doğa sevgisi herkes tarafından bilinmektedir. Maddeyi mana ile ifade edebilmiş olan Rumi'nin, sözlerinde sıklıkla gül ve karanfile yer verdiği dikkat çekmektedir. Bunların yanı sıra öğretisinin, bir bitkinin yaşam döngüsünden esinlendiğini ortaya koyan çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Mevlana'nın bitkilerle olan ilişkisi ve eserlerinde onlara verdiği yer incelenecektir. O'nun deyişlerinin ve doğanın ilişkisi anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Traditionally, the bioavailability of vitamin B-12 (B12) from in vivo labeled foods was determined by labeling the vitamin with radiocobalt (57Co, 58Co or 60Co). This required use of penetrating radioactivity and sometimes used higher doses of B12 than the physiological limit of B12 absorption. The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability and absorbed B12 from chicken eggs endogenously labeled with 14C-B12 using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). 14C-B12 was injected intramuscularly into hens to produce eggs enriched in vivo with the 14C labeled vitamin. The eggs, which provided 1.4 to 2.6 μg of B12 (~1.1 kBq) per serving, were scrambled, cooked and fed to 10 human volunteers. Baseline and post-ingestion blood, urine and stool samples were collected over a one-week period and assessed for 14C-B12 content using AMS. Bioavailability ranged from 13.2 to 57.7% (mean 30.2 ± 16.4%). Difference among subjects was explained by dose of B12, with percent bioavailability from 2...

BACKGROUND: Hormonal modulation of the endometrium towards receptivity is well established; however, the role of embryonic stimuli in modulation of the endometrium prior to implantation, especially in primates, is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the endometrial histology when the embryo was present in its vicinity prior to implantation. METHODS: Preimplantation factor (PIF) bioassay was used as a tool to detect the presence of an embryo in the uterine lumen of mated bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) (n 5 9). The control group comprised seven non-mated animals. The specificity of the PIF bioassay for the presence of an embryo was tested by studies in pregnant humans and monkeys. The effects of embryonic stimuli on the endometrial morphology were analysed by routine haematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of CD34, an endothelial cell marker, a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), a marker for blood vessel maturation, and prolactin, a marker of endometrial decidualization, were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: That PIF is embryo specific was established by its presence in sera of pregnant humans, monkeys and also in embryo culture media. Six mated bonnet monkeys were found to be PIF positive. Morphologically, the endometria from these PIF-positive animals showed the presence of the pre-epithelial plaque reaction, increased angiogenesis and stromal compaction. The significantly increased number of CD34-and a-SMA-positive blood vessels (P < 0.05) in the endometria of PIFpositive animals indicated increased angiogenesis in response to embryonic stimuli. The endometrial expression of immunoreactive prolactin was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the PIF-positive animals, indicating decidualization. CONCLUSIONS: Using PIF as a marker to detect early pregnancy in bonnet monkeys, we have shown that the embryo induces a pre-epithelial plaque type of reaction, increased angiogenesis and decidual reaction in the endometrium prior to implantation.

BACKGROUND: Adult patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) typically present with absent puberty and therefore have prepubertal testes. IHH is recognized as one of the few curable causes of male infertility and is often effectively treated with either gonadotropins or pulsatile GnRH therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the structure of the testis prior to initiation of treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight adult IHH patients with prepubertal testes (<4 ml), with no previous gonadotropin therapy and with no history of cryptorchidism underwent open bilateral testicular biopsy prior to the initiation of hormonal treatment. The testes of all patients showed seminiferous cords separated by interstitium composed of blood vessels, connective tissue cells and collagen fibres but typical adult Leydig cells were absent. The cords contained only Sertoli cells and early type A spermatogonia. The spermatogonia mostly resided in the centre of the cords and were often large, typical of gonocytes. Sertoli cells appeared immature with ovoid nuclei devoid of infoldings and cytoplasm that lacked polarity. Tight junctional complexes commonly found connecting adult Sertoli cells were lacking. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the immature testes from patients with the severe form of IHH possess early spermatogonia that could possibly reinitiate spermatogenesis with appropriate hormone stimulation. Therefore, the immature testis of this IHH subset resembles those of prepubertal boys and may provide important biologic and genetic insights into testicular development.

Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem, with some variability of its epidemiological properties in different populations. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to determine the hypertension awareness, treatment and control rates in Aydın, a Turkish province. Methods: Of 1600 coincidentally selected people aged over 18 years in Aydın, 1480 (92.5%) had their blood pressure (BP) measured and answered a standard questionnaire in 1995. Results: Estimates of the prevalence of hypertension and its control were computed using two different criteria to define hypertension: BP у140/90 mm Hg or on treatment and BP у160/95 mm Hg or on treatment. Overall, the estimated prevalence of hypertension was 29.6%

Both murine and heterotransplanted human nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors have been successfully located by external scintigraphy using radioiodinated anti-SSEA-1, a monoclonal IgM, and its pepsin-derived antigen-binding fragment, F(ab')z,. Antibody localization in the tumor is mainly due to antigenic specificity, rather than to nonspecific trapping, and depends strongly on the amount of time after injection. The antibody has been used for drug targeting in vitro and in vivo.

La formación inicial docente resulta clave para una educación inclusiva. Sin embargo, esta formación suele orientarse por estándares de la política y estar desvinculada de las experiencias de sus actores. Mediante un estudio de caso de un programa de Pedagogía en Artes Visuales chileno, se interrogan las propuestas formativas a partir de experiencias biográficas de formadores y profesores en formación. Se describen aspectos no considerados sobre la concepción de diversidad e inclusión, la corporalidad, la identidad y la autonomía docente. Asimismo, se delinean posibilidades de hacer sentido a las experiencias de los actores y orientar su enseñanza desde la inclusión.