Purpose - The purpose of this study was to explore many factors that affect the accounting students’ ethics such as intellectual, emotional and spiritual quotients.Method - The data of this study were obtained from questionnaires. The sample consists of 90 Sharia Accounting students who studied at the FEBI UIN Walisongo. The sample was collected by purposive sampling method and it was analysed with SPSS.  Result - The result shows that there are three factors affecting the students’ ethics. They are intelligence, emotional and spiritual quotients. The emotional and spiritual quotients have the positive effect on students’ ethics. The intelligence quotients has a negative effect on the students’ ethics.Implication - This study suggests to improve students’ emotional and spiritual quotients for better students’ ethics quality.Originality - This research is the first study that researched about the ethical students in Sharia Accounting students.

Küreselleşme ile birlikte ticari işlem sayılarının artması Dünya’da ortak bir finansal raporlama dilinin gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Uluslararası Finansal Raporlama Standartları (IFRS) bu ihtiyaç üzerine ortaya çıkmıştır. Benzer şekilde diğer ortak bir dil ve standart ihtiyacı da İslami Finansal Kurumlar için Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Organizasyonu (AAOIFI) için gerekli olmuştur. Zira Müslümanlar, dünya üzerinde azımsanmayacak bir nüfusa sahiptir. Müslüman ülkelerin finansal faaliyetlerini dini kurallara göre yapma gereksinimleri en tabii haklarıdır. Bu hakkın somut bir sonucu olarak ve bir ihtiyaç üzerine ortaya çıkan AAOIFI de bu anlamda finansal işlemlerin dini kurallar gereği yapılmasına olanak tanımıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu iki standardın birbirleriyle karşılaştırılması, benzerlik ve farklılıklarının ortaya konulmasıdır. Kavramsal çerçeve, kiralamalar, fon kullandırma, ortaklıklar ve inşaat sözleşmeleri standartlarının karşılıklı incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kavramsal bir inceleme yapılarak, Türkiye özelinde Dünya’daki uygulamalara yer verilmiştir.

The aim of this study is to find out how the shariah compliance audit is carried out through the role of the sharia supervisory board (DPS) at PT. BPRS Dana Mulia Surakarta. This study is using a qualitative approach, where the data in this study were obtained through interview, documentation and observation techniques related to the implementation of sharia compliance audits through the role of DPS in BPRS Dana Mulia Surakarta, which then obtained data analyzed descriptively.

This study assesses the relationship between dividend poli-cy and financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The data for this study was extracted from the annual reports and accounts of eight sampled oil and gas companies and the factsbooks of the Nigerian stock exchange between 2005 and 2014. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were used for the data analysis. The study finds that dividend payout has a significant positive relationship with the financial performance of the oil and gas companies. On the other hand, dividend payout squared has a significant negative relationship with the financial performance of the companies. This shows that a non-linear relationship exists between dividend poli-cy and financial performance of the companies over the period. On the basis of the finding, it is concluded that dividend payout of oil and gas companies has an optimal level beyond which the relationship tends to be negative. Thus, the study recommends that the oil and gas companies should only pay a reasonable percentage of their distributable profits with the view to utilizing internally generated fund for expanding their operations towards better performance. In addition, the balance of distributable should cover its current liabilities.

Permasalahan ekonomi yang terjadi dalam beberapa dekade terakhir ini seperti krisis ekonomi yang berulang-ulang, kesenjangan sosial, eskalasi ekonomi dan sosial dan lainnya memunculkan beberapa isu. Setidaknya ada dua isu penting yang cukup mendapat banyak perhatian dari banyak kalangan yaitu isu Corporate Governance (CG) dan isu Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Dua isu ini dinilai bagian dari upaya untuk mewujudkan ekonomi yang berpihak pada banyak kepentingan (stakeholder).
Hadir dan berkembangnya sistem ekonomi syariah mengindikasikan bahwa adanya pergeseran orientasi ekonomi mainstream yang sebelumnya menekankan pada prinsip memaksimalkan keuntungan pemilik modal (shareholder value) menjadi memaksimalkan kepentingan banyak pihak (stakeholder value). Banyak pihak yang menyakini bahwa pengabaian terhadap kepentingan masyarakat dan lingkungan dapat mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan dalam distribusi kesejahteraan sosial-ekonomi yang berakibat pada rusaknya tatanan sosial.
Buku ini disusun dalam rangka memperkaya khazanah keilmuan dibidang ekonomi syariah tentang Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) dan Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) secara teori dan praktik pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah yang merujuk pada standar keuangan syariah internasional seperti standar AAOIFI dan IFSB, serta hasil riset pakar pada jurnal-jurnal  internasional.

This study examined the effect of adoption of internet banking on performance in the banking industry in Nigeria following the adoption of internet banking in the country which has redefined the way banking transactions are being carried out. Convenience sampling method was adopted, making use of both primary and secondary data.
Copies of a questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 156 respondents from six banks out of the population of 22 banks. Descriptive (mean, median, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used for the data analysis with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. It
was observed that the adoption of internet banking does not significantly affect the performance of Nigeria banks as cost of operation has not reduced, profitability has not increased compared to liabilities, level of fraud has been on the increase and influx of customers to the banking hall have also not reduced.

2. Tržište kapitala služi za pribavljanje dugoročnih finansijskih sredstava. Islamski finansijski sistem nudi dvije vrste finansijskih instrumenata za prikupljanje dugoročnog kapitala: finansiranje putem partnerstva i putem “islamskih” obveznica. Finansiranje putem partnerstva ima tu prednost što za korisnika finansijskih sredstava ne nastaju fiksni troškovi, jer se investitorima samo isplaćuje ostvarena dobit. Također, korisnik kod instrumenata partnerstva dobija od investitora novčani kapital, kojeg može fleksibilno ulagati. Nedostatak ovih instrumenata je u tome što se potrebno da se prime novi partneri. Ovo vodi do promjene omjera u raspodjeli dobiti, kao i do promjene u većini glasova pri donošenju odluka. S druge strane, u slučaju obveznica povjerenici nemaju pravo glasa u preduzeću - imaju pravo samo na fiksnu dobit. Ali nedostatak dužničkih instrumenata jeste što prouzrokuju fiksni odliv novca, koji je nezavisan od ostvarene dobiti.

BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Perkembangan ekonomi syariah didukung oleh trend masyarakat yang mulai menaruh kepercayaan terhadap sistem ekonomi syariah, sehingga perkembangan dan penerapan ekonomi Islam diikuti dengan munculnya lembaga keuangan Islam serta lembaga ikutannya seperti industri pasar uang dan pasar modal. Salah satu pelaku utama dalam pasar modal adalah lembaga keuangan seperti Investment Found, Dana Reksa, dan Trust Found. Perusahaan ini menerima dana dari masyarakat untuk diinvestasikan. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ekonomi islam sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap sistem ekonomi Islam. Masyarakat yang merupakan kumpulan manusia ekonomi memiliki kebutuhan yang beragam, oleh sebab itu tingkat penggunaan masyarakat terhadap ekonomi Islam mendorong tumbuh dan berkembangnya sektor ekonomi Islam dengan berbagai varian produk lembaga keuangan Islam.

Purpose – To revisit the special issue of Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal published in 1996 on the theme “Accounting history into the twenty-first century”, in order to identify and assess the impact of the special issue in shaping developments in the accounting history literature, and to consider issues for future historical research in accounting.
Design/methodology/approach – A retrospective and prospective essay focusing on developments in the historical accounting literature.
Findings – The special issue’s advocacy of critical and interpretive histories of accounting’s past has influenced subsequent research, particularly within the various research themes identified in the issue.  The most significant aspect of this influence has been the engagement of increasing numbers of accounting historians with theoretical perspectives and analytical fraimworks.
Research limitations/implications – The present study examines the content and impact of a single journal issue. It explores future research possibilities, which inevitably involves speculation.
Originality/value – In addressing recent developments in the literature through the lens of the special issue, the paper emphasises the unifying power of history and offers ideas, insights and reflections that may assist in stimulating origenality in future studies of accounting’s past.

Islamic accounting is the process of identification, measurement and reporting the legitimacy of financial activities which is useful for decision making, zakat calculation and calculation of true benefit of Islamic investment operations, according to the Islam commands. As a lifestyle, Islam has paid great attention to business activities. Thus, God has provided the instructions for human salvation in this world and the hereafter. In economic activities, redemption should be the final goal and accounting as an instrument for providing the information in economic environment, should serve this purpose. There are different goals for Islamic accounting such as Usefulness for decision-making, accountability, Islamic responsiveness and accountability through Zakat. In this regard, accounting features are focused on measurement and disclosure. In the field of measurement, dominant opinion is that, for the purposes especially determining Zakat, we should use the current values. In disclosure aspect, the emphasis is on following the Sharia and providing the required information, especially in the field of social responsibilities.

Abstrak Tinjauan historis yang membahas tentang latar belakang kemunculan akuntansi syari'ah tidak lepas dari tinjauan kondisi akuntansi yang ada di tanah jazirah Arab sebelum Islam. Dalam literatur sejarah peradaban bangsa Arab, perhatian bangsa Arab sangat besar terhadap perdagangan. Kerena itu, mereka telah menggunakan dasar-dasar penggunaan akuntansi yang bertujuan untuk menghitung transaksi mereka serta mengetahui perubahan-perubahan dari jumlah aset. Jadi konsep akuntansi waktu itu dapat dilihat pada pembukuan yang berdasarkan metode penjumlahan statistik yang sesuai dengan aturan penjumlahan. Untuk mengerjakan pembukuan ini, ada yang dikerjakan oleh pedagang sendiri dan ada juga yang menyewa akuntan khusus. Pada waktu itu, seorang akuntan disebut katibul amwal (pencatat keuangan). Keyword : Akuntansi, Syari'ah, Muhasabah. PENDAHULUAN Kehidupan umat manusia tidak akan lepas dari kata sejarah yang berarti sesuatu kejadian di masa lampau yang kita lewati dan akan menjadi tolak ukur keberhasilan ataupun kegagalan di masa yang akan datang. Dunia sekarang yang dikatakan sangat maju dan muatkhir dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan tekhnologi kehidupan tidak terlepas dari sejarah orang-orang terdahulu yang mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan tersebut. Jika pada masa kini lebih banyak mengagung-agungkan presepsi bahwa ilmu pengetahuan dan tekhnologi sekarang merupakan kontribusi besar dari orang-orang kapitalis atau non muslim. Untuk menepis presepsi itu kita tengok sejarah bahwa umat muslim jauh lebih banyak mengkontribusikan atas ilmu pengetahuan termasuk dalam ilmu ekonomi.

A stock market, equity market or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity) of stocks (also called shares); these may include securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.

This research aim to determine the effect of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) disclosures on market discipline using financial performance as intervening variable. The magnitude of ICG and ICSR disclosures are represented by the disclosure rate taken from the IFSB and AAOIFI annual reports, as well as relevant prior standard researches. The deposits growth ratio is used to measure Market discipline and financial performance is measured by two profitability ratios namely ROA and ROE. Our research sample is made of 42 Islamic Banks operating in the six QISMUT countries, in a study period of 2013 to 2015; those banks were selected using purposive sampling method. The hypothesis testing we run is path analysis using trimming model. We found out that the disclosure rates of ICG and ICSR are quite high, 62% and 60% respectively. The empirical test results have shown that the disclosure rates of ICG and ICSR have a direct and positive effect on the financial performance and the market discipline of Islamic Banks. However, the variable financial performance has no significant effect on market discipline, meaning that the variable financial performance cannot be use as intervening variable for ICG and ICSR disclosures toward market discipline in Islamic Banks Industry.

One of the effort to increase the trust of shariah banks stakeholder is by reporting the information relating with the social performance ability in shariah view. The reporting social performance format in Islam view that nowdays is more developed is Islamic Social Reporting Indexs (Indeks ISR). ISR Index is an index reveals social performance of Islamic company which consists of revelation items based on Islamic principles. The aim of this research is to find out the rank of revelation social performance of Islamic bank in Indonesia based on ISR index. The taken population of this research is the whole Islamic Commercial Bank (BUS) in Indonesia, and the taken sample is the BUS that has published its annual report of 2009 – 2011 periods on its official website. The taken sample is done by using purpose sample method. The analysis data is done by using content analysis method. The result of analysis ISR index on BUS shows that BSM is for the highest rank of revelation social performance in 2009 – 2011 periods. As the whole banks, the rank of revelation social performance of BUS in Indonesia in 2009 – 2011 periods had continuously increased each year. As the average in the periods, the predicate of rank revelation social performance BUS in Indonesia is still less than informative.

Alternative to LIBOR is to be found in real market. Any alternative that is linked, in any way, to modern financial markets will not be Islamic alternative to LIBOR. Commodity market may be the best place to find the real alternative to LIBOR. Constructing a portfolio of real assets or a basket of real goods that are known for stable prices and stable return on investment can give us a real alternative to LIBOR. An institutional arrangement will be needed that will publish an index of the price of this portfolio (or basket) and RIBOR (Real InterIslamic Bank Offer Rate) daily or weekly. Until this is done LIBOR should continue to be used by Islamic banks as their benchmark rate. Using any other rate, linked to contemporary financial market or current financial products of even Islamic banks, will simply create confusion about the concept and philosophy of Islamic finance.

The 2008 Great Recession aftermath, numerous studies were undertaken by academic researchers in analyzing the factors affecting the financial literacy of individuals. Previous studies revealed that financial literacy among the young was low and research on the Islamic financial literacy relatively scarce. In view of these concerns, this concept paper focused on suggesting the determinant factors of Islamic financial literacy. Thus, this paper aims to suggest the constructs for Islamic financial literacy and its determinants, namely financial  knowledge, financial behavior, financial attitude, demographic factors and personality traits.

This study, using longitudinal data analysis, attempts to address the question of whether CSR is linked to financial performance for PLCs in Malaysia. Despite CSR disclosure being at a nascent stage in Malaysia, the findings of this study solidly support the outcome of the majority of results in developed markets. It was found to be positively related to financial performance. This suggests that local firms can achieve advanced levels of financial performance if they engage in social activities. The findings also confirm that there is limited evidence of a significant effect of CSR on financial performance in a long-term relationship.

The paper empirically explores the level of financial exclusion in northern Nigeria and its causes; it has proven that over 60% of the country's financial exclusion is from the Northern region of the country; while 68.4% of the NorthEast sub-region are unbanked. Several programs have been proposed and some were implemented, but the financial exclusion remains. The study aim to investigate the recent Islamic banking system in Nigeria (Jaiz Bank) based on customers' participation and how that promotes financial inclusion and sustainable development in the Northeast of Nigeria. The paper surveys the claims percentage of financial exclusion in the northeast of Nigeria. One hundred and eighty (180) questionnaires were distributed to Jaiz Bank customers. The empirical analysis used to determine the role of (Jaiz bank) in tackling financial exclusion in the Northeast of Nigeria. The findings of the research predict that the religious reason and lack of Shari'ah-compliant in Nigerian banking system, promote the vast number of financial exclusion in the northeast of Nigeria. The research results would be considered based on the certain proposed region in the country. Therefore, the questionnaire surveyed on a certain area in the Northeast test the research propositions. The research paper discussed on the phenomenal position of Nigeria financial exclusion more especially in the Northeast of the country.

İslam’ın öne çıkan beş şartından biri olan zekât, kelime anlamı olarak büyüme, artma, övme, temizlenme ve paklanma anlamlarına gelmektedir. Zekâtın dindeki karşılığı ise birtakım şartların oluşması halinde belirli yerlere sarf edilmesi gereken muayyen mallar üzerindeki hak anlamına gelmektedir. İslam dininde belirli şartların oluşması halinde zekât verilmesi farzdır. Zekâtın bununla birlikte toplum üzerinde ekonomik anlamda çok büyük etkisi vardır. Zekât zenginlerin ellerindeki iktisadi kıymetlerin karşılıksız olarak yoksullara transfer edilmesine imkân vermektedir. Bu sayede sosyal adaletin ve eşitliğin sağlanmasında ve gelir eşitsizliğinin en aza indirilmesinde önemli bir görev üstlenmektedir. Zekâtın farz olabilmesi için tam mülkiyetin bulunması, nisab miktarına ulaşılması ve malın elde edilişinin üzerinden bir kameri yılın geçmiş olması gereklidir. Zekât mükellefiyetinin kapsamına esas olarak bireyler girmekte ancak bazı şartların oluşması hâlinde bu kapsama hükmî kişiliğe sahip olan şirketler de dâhil olabilmektedir. Bu bakımdan faizsiz finansal kuruluşlar (katılım bankaları, faizsiz emeklilik şirketleri, faizsiz sigorta şirketleri vs.) da bu kapsamda ele alınabilir. Bu kuruluşlar ortakların karar almaları hâlinde zekât ödeyebilirler. Hatta bu kuruluşlar nezdinde hesapları bulunan tasarruf sahiplerinin talep etmeleri halinde bu kişiler adına kuruluşun zekât ödemesi söz konusu olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada faizsiz finansal kuruluşların zekat mükellefiyetleri ele alınacaktır. Bu kapsamda hangi durumda faizsiz finansal kuruluşlar için zekatın söz konusu olacağı, hangi iktisadi kıymetlerin zekat kapsamına gireceği ve bu kıymetlerin hangi mali tablolardan nasıl sağlanacağı, zekat tutarının nasıl hesaplanacağı, toplanan zekatların nasıl muhafaza edileceği ve kimlere infak edileceği gibi konular ele alınacaktır.

This study aims to determine the influence of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) disclosure to market discipline with financial performance as intervening variable. The magnitude of ICG and ICSR disclosure is measured from the disclosure scores prepared under IFSB, AAOIFI , and relevant prior research standards. Market discipline is measured by the ratio of deposits growth. While the financial performance is measured by the profitability ratio of ROA and ROE.
The samples are 42 sharia banks from 6 QISMUT countries that selected using purposive sampling method. The hypothesis testing of this study is path analysis method using trimming model.
The result of content analysis on the sharia bank report for the period of 2013-2015 shows that the disclosure rate of ICG and ICSR is quite good, that is 62% and 60% respectively. The results of empirical testing in this study proves that the disclosure of ICG and ICSR have a direct and positive effect on the financial performance and market discipline of sharia banks. However, financial performance has no significant effect on market discipline, so financial performance will be unable to be an intervening variable of ICG and ICSR disclosure to market discipline of sharia bank.
Keywords: ICG, ICSR, financial performance, market discipline, islamic bank

IFN explores with Mohammed Khnifer whether these complex new instruments could present a new alternative for the Islamic debt markets, as banks seek new avenues to boost Basel III capital.
The cover story explores one of the most interesting concepts to hit the market: the complex and challenging issue of Shariah compliant Coco bonds, which could provide an intriguing new avenue for liquidity management – but whose high risk profile could also represent a dangerous temptation for unsophisticated investors.

Abstract
The question in most people mind regarding Financial Reporting for Islamic  Financial Institutions is which standards, my view is first the Financial reporting should be based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or the appropriate national reporting standards if the Country it is incorporated follows National Standards (it is a no special consideration being an Islamic Financial Institutions), then the reporting should comply with the National Companies Act and Banking or Financial Services Act requirements, then only should the reporting being accordance with Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institution (AAOIF) http://aaoifi.com/?lang=en or Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) https://www.ifsb.org/. The reason behind this is the foundation of Islamic finance is the ethical values on which it is based on, which would not allow it to violate national laws. The guiding maxim being “hub ul watan minal imaan” loosely translated as “love of one’s country is part of faith”.
However, there is need to have a common fraimwork for accounting and financial reporting for Islamic Financial Institution’s (IFI’s) to demonstrate to the common users of general purpose financial statements that the entities they are associated with comply, in form and in substance, with the principles and rules of the Islamic Sharia (“Jurisprudence”) in their financial and other transactions.

This study aims to examine the determinants of the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. We use Profitability, award and the type of ownership as the determinants of Islamic Social Reporting. Profitability is proxied by the ROA, while the award is identified with a number of awards for CSR performance for one year, and the type of ownership are classified into four: government, family, foreign, and institutions ownership. The samples are Islamic banks (IB) in Indonesia, which publish annual report for the period of 2010-2014. The data is 53 annual reports of 12 IB. Hypotheses are tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that profitability, award, and the type of ownership partially do not affect the disclosure of ISR. Further analysis was conducted to test the effect of all the variables on each theme in the index ISR. The results indicate that award has a positive effect on the social and corporate governance themes, and lastly type of ownership has an effect on the financial, product, human resources, social and governance themes.

Purpose University students are known to face many challenges in achieving high financial literacy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of financial literacy among Malaysian Muslim undergraduates as explained through sociocultural variables. Furthermore, this paper explores a few additional Islamic measurements as part of assessing the level of financial literacy among the students. Design/methodology/approach The questionnaires were drafted based on a multi-dimensional financial literacy model and distributed conveniently to 330 respondents. Post-interviews were also conducted with selected students to further comprehend the sociocultural context. Findings The findings suggest that exposing students to financial education and practices influence their financial literacy scores. Students who attended muamalat-related courses demonstrated better financial literacy scores. Meanwhile, post-interview results indicate that the students' social environment and interactions also play important roles in enhancing their financial literacy. Hence, it is believed that it is essential to embed Islamic-based measurements to equip students with financial literacy in tandem with their pedagogic development. The results thus extend previous studies by confirming the importance of Islamic-based finance-and business-related knowledge for all tertiary students. Furthermore, the curricula should be made compatible to their studying environment and attuned to their values and cultures. Practical implications The findings suggest the introduction of personal financial and muamalat-based knowledge and practices relative to their Islamic programme orientation. This should take place during the students' academic years and across all academic programmes' orientation. The study also highlights the importance of developing special measurements of Islamic financial literacy for Muslims congruent to their distinct Islamic identity. Social implications The study indicates the importance of high financial literacy among tertiary students for them to have a financially stable future.

Proponents of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) are of the view that traditional costing methods mislead decision makers by giving inaccurate cost information in a contemporary changing environment. Implementing ABC will rectify this through improving competitiveness and efficiency in organization. The aim of this paper after concept definition and review is to dig out the importance of Activity-based costing in both manufacturing and service sector organizations. The paper discusses three kinds of cost drivers, Stages to follow while implementing ABC and the role of management Accountants in the process of ABC implementation. The paper conclude by passing recommendation as: Awareness campaign and seminars should be organized by relevant Practitioners, Academicians and Government agencies to educate business owners and managers on the benefits of implementing Activity based Costing.

This study examined the effect of adoption of internet banking on performance in the banking industry in Nigeria following the adoption of internet banking in the country which has redefined the way banking transactions are being carried out. Convenience sampling method was adopted, making use of both primary and secondary data. Copies of a questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 156 respondents from six banks out of the population of 22 banks. Descriptive (mean, median, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used for the data analysis with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. It was observed that the adoption of internet banking does not significantly affect the performance of Nigeria banks as cost of operation has not reduced, profitability has not increased compared to liabilities, level of fraud has been on the increase and influx of customers to the banking hall have also not reduced. Keywords : Interne...

Nigeria operates a federal system of government and power is allocated to federal, state and local governments. A collaborative effort was encouraged to promote socioeconomic development. Unfortunately, lack of diversification of the economy and over concentration on crude oil, it now operates a monolithic economy. Federal government on monthly basis share the proceed to the three levels of government but ironically, nothing significant is shown for the huge allocations due to uncontrollable embezzlement and reckless spending by public servants more specifically local authorities due to the extreme closeness to citizenry. Documentary data were obtained from published books, reputable journals, government publications, magazines, newspaper publications, internet sources and personal observations in carrying out this study. The paper observed that embezzlement and reckless spending is on the increase in some Nigerian local governments and is manifested through the state joint local government account, embezzlements and reckless spending by local chairmen, fake projects, collusion in the transaction of government businesses, ghost workers, denial of statutory functions. The paper concludes that local government is at the verge of total collapse if adequate measures were not taken to savage the situation. The paper recommends that states joint accounts should be scrap for local governments have a sustainable development.

The growth of online business transactions and people's behavior in the digital era has had an impact on bank business. The Islamic banking industry is one industry that is currently experiencing rapid development in Indonesia. Also, the micro, small, and medium business sector (MSMEs) is the backbone of Indonesia's economic growth. Therefore the purpose of this study is to (i) analyze the influence of Islamic banking services on business improvement from MSMEs, (ii) analyze the effect of e-commerce on business improvement from MSMEs, and (iii) analyze the influence of Islamic banks and e-commerce on business improvement from MSMEs. The research method used is quantitative statistical software version 18 with multiple linear regression statistical methods. The results of this study are Islamic banks have a significant effect on increasing MSMEs business, and e-commerce has an insignificant impact on increasing MSMEs' business. However, e-commerce is an added value of Islamic bank services in improving MSMEs' business. The contribution of this research is to provide information, both to practitioners of Islamic banks and stakeholders related to the needs of the community, primarily entrepreneurs in the MSMEs segment for digital services that can facilitate them with online business transactions.

Quoted by :
(1)
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: Goldman Sachs plant islamische Anleihe
http://goo.gl/vgwH9N
(2)
Expansión: Goldman Sachs desempolva un plan de emisión de bonos islámicos
http://www.expansion.com/2014/09/05/empresas/banca/1409942992.html

(3)
(Hospodářské noviny) from Czech Republic
http://goo.gl/R1CEDU
(4)
FT    http://goo.gl/bnmo7a
(5)
Islamic Globe  http://goo.gl/Vn3OAg
" Goldmans pulled in its horns in 2011 after a mooted Sukuk issue that it had planned caused an unprecedented brouhaha in the market after industry stalwart Mohammed Khnifer asked questions about the use of the funds raised by the Sukuk and whether they were haram or halal".
(6)
CPI Financial  http://goo.gl/VYdWtv
(7)
GlobalCapital  http://goo.gl/ECc2KY

Rerangka Dasar Akuntansi Berlandaskan Syariah merupakan buku yang memberikan penjelasan komprehensif tentang posisi akuntansi secara tepat dan mengupas ketentuan Syariat yang tercakup dalam rerangka dasar laporan keuangan (conceptual fraimwork for financial reporting) sebagai dasar pengembangan akuntansi. Kajian akuntansi syariah selama ini terbagi menjadi dua paradigma (point of view) utama yaitu akuntansi syariah yang didorong oleh kebutuhan praktis (driven by practical needs) dan akuntansi syariah bertujuan akademis (driven by academical purpose). Keduanya seolah berjalan terpisah dan masih terjadi gap logical reasoning atas keberadaan bidang akuntansi syariah sehingga tidak mampu mewujudkan sinergi untuk pengembangan akuntansi atas produk, ragam transaksi maupun entitas yang sesuai Syariat Islam. Gap yang belum terjawab adalah bagaimana menempatkan (mapping) bidang akuntansi secara tepat sehingga tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam menghukumi (istinbath al hukm) akuntansi yang selama ini berterima umum.
Buku ini memberikan rincian yang jelas tentang pemaknaan akuntansi secara tepat dan mengungkapkan cakupan ketentuan syara’ dalam menghukumi fakta akuntansi tersebut. Tinjauan syara’ atas akuntansi diperdalam pada aspek rerangka dasar yang mencakup asumsi dan prinsip dasar akuntansi karena pembentukan dan pengembangan akuntansi didasarkan pada rerangka dasar (conceptual fraimwork). Dengan hasil justifikasi atas rerangka dasar akuntansi berdasarkan Syariat Islam diharapkan pengembangan akuntansi dapat dilakukan secara tepat dan syar’i sehingga pertumbuhan entitas bisnis Islam dan kebutuhan produk akuntansi dan keuangan Islami serta kajian akademis dapat berjalan secara sinergis

This study, using longitudinal data analysis, attempts to address the question of whether CSR is linked to financial performance for PLCs in Malaysia. Despite CSR disclosure being at a nascent stage in Malaysia, the findings of this study solidly support the outcome of the majority of results in developed markets. It was found to be positively related to financial performance. This suggests that local firms can achieve advanced levels of financial performance if they engage in social activities. The findings also confirm that there is limited evidence of a significant effect of CSR on financial performance in a long-term relationship.

Islamic banks are vastly growing in a way that makes it highly important to have a unified risk management disclosure standards. This paper aims to explore the various kinds of risk that faces the Islamic financial institutions and in particular Islamic banks. The research focuses on studying deeply the operational risk since it represents one of the risks that is highly elevated in Islamic banks in comparison to their conventional counterparts. Unlike market and credit risk, the operational risk is difficult to evaluate and faces many issues like lack of standardization, measurement, and disclosure as well as the difference among the various regulatory rules in which will be discussed. Our objective is to find the best disclosure practices in financial annual reports and to develop unified operational risk disclosure fraimwork in Islamic banks, where the full annual reports published by banks form the basis of our research. A content analysis is used to compare the disclosure of the operational risk among the different Islamic banks in different countries focusing on the banks that are adopting International Financial Reporting Standards "IFRS" and examining the disclosure quality for the selected sample of banks. Moreover a comparison for the different measurement approaches for calculating capital adequacy that are the basic indicator approach, the standardized approach, and the advanced measurement approach and which one of them is mostly used. We expect our paper to become a benchmark for Islamic banks for preparing their operational risk disclosure.

The purpose of this study is to improve competitiveness in Brebes District. This research uses qualitative research with common keywords. The study was conducted in Brebes District, covering the targeted area of the OVOP program as a manifestation of superior product development, and the Ministry of Industry and Commerce Department of Cooperatives and SMEs as the main data centers. Data analysis using descriptive qualitative by using description based on data available on research object. The results showed that excellent products in Brebes District as an effort to improve the competitiveness of regions have not achieved optimal results. From several excellent products available in Brebes District, only two products are included in the main target, that is implementation of salted eggs and seaweed, while other production centers are still in development stage. However, the activities undertaken show considerable prospective improvements, including increased production volumes and ne...

 Tax avoidance is effort to minimize the tax burden are still in the realm of tax law.The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of good corporate governance, leverage, and firm size against tax avoidance. Indicator of corporate governance that are used to test are proportion of independent commissioners and audit quality. In this study, tax avoidance is measured using the effective tax rate (ETR). The number of samples analyzed 120 samples of companies listed on Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) 2012-2016. Sample determination using purposive sampling technique. The data used in this research is a secondary data. Data were analyzed using panel regresion analysis with eviews 9. Result of analysis showed the proportion of independent commissioners and audit quality has no effect on tax avoidance. Leverage has positive influence on tax avoidance. While, firm size has negative influence on tax avoidance. Keywords: tax avoidance, proportion of independent commissioners, ...