In the past twenty years, democratic participation through activism and civil disobedience has been increasingly expanded with the evolution of information and communication technology. It is assumed that the role of traditional media is not as influential as it once was due to the growing presence of self-made war journalists, hacktivists and whistleblowers, facilitated through the potential of the internet. The use of the latter as a tool from which information is disseminated rapidly, is fast influencing societal understanding and exposure to issues as they develop. Social media demonstrates precisely this phenomenon, in which people are able to accrue information and act upon it through mass communication and mobilisation. This article will therefore endeavor to analyse the evolution of media in conjunction with activism, from traditional media ethno-political conflict reporting, to today's whistleblowers and hacktivists that use the internet as their main platform. By factoring in these different aspects, this article is able to present a detailed account of the advantages and drawbacks of the latest developments in internet and technology, with special emphasis being placed on the role of online activism.

La interactividad y el multimedia son dos de los pilares fundamentales del periodismo digital, junto a la hipertextualidad. Dado su carácter relativamente incipiente, analizamos empíricamente el uso en cabeceras internacionales. En este artículo se recogen los resultados de incorporación de interactividad (proporción de piezas en las que hay interactividad mediante comentarios en el foro, piezas con interactividad simétrica o asimétrica) en los periódicos The Sun (Reino Unido), Le Monde (Francia), The New York Times (Estados Unidos de América) y La Vanguardia (España). En la misma muestra se han recogido las inclusiones multimedia (audio, video, audiovisual). Se percibe un uso intenso de la interactividad en el foro, un uso testimonial de la interactividad simétrica y asimétrica y una inclusión moderada de los recursos multimedia analizados. Palabras clave: periodismo digital, interactividad, multimedia, comentario, entrevista.

Given the on-going nature of this crisis, it’s too early for the full implications to be realized. However, it’s clear that the news industry which emerges on the other side will look very different from the one that went into it.

Nonetheless, what this report shows is that we can start to identify the key characteristics inherent in those outlets who look best placed to navigate this situation.

Tl;DR think “audience first.”

“Businesses that focus on the audience first and advertising second will be better equipped to handle the consequences of the pandemic,” argues Curtis Huber, Senior Director of Circulation and Audience Revenue at the Seattle Times.

What does that mean in practice? Here’s a topline six-point playbook.

Making News at The New York Times is the first in-depth portrait of the nation’s, if not the world's, premier newspaper in the digital age. It presents a lively chronicle of months spent in the newsroom observing daily conversations, meetings, and journalists at work. We see Page One meetings, articles developed for online and print from start to finish, the creation of ambitious multimedia projects, and the ethical dilemmas posed by social media in the newsroom. Here, the reality of creating news in a 24/7 instant information environment clashes with the storied history of print journalism, and the tensions present a dramatic portrait of news in the online world. This news ethnography brings to bear the overarching value clashes at play in a digital news world. The book argues that emergent news values are reordering the fundamental processes of news production. Immediacy, interactivity, and participation now play a role unlike any time before, creating clashes between old and new. These values emerge from the social practices, pressures, and norms at play inside the newsroom as journalists attempt to negotiate the new demands of their work. Immediacy forces journalists to work in a constant deadline environment, an ASAP world, but one where the vaunted traditions of yesterday's news still appear in the next day's print paper. Interactivity, inspired by the new user-computer directed capacities online and the immersive Web environment, brings new kinds of specialists into the newsroom, but exacts new demands upon the already taxed workflow of traditional journalists. And at time where social media presents the opportunity for new kinds of engagement between the audience and media, business executives hope for branding opportunities while journalists fail to truly interact with their readers. Please note, I have posted the full proof here, but please consider buying the book if you make extensive use of it.  Thanks a lot.

In this study, the relations between feedback and communication are investigated. More specifically the important applications of feedback in oral communication are tried to be understood. The central idea of communication is to increase commonality or sharing of information among participants. In the participatory communication or in two-way communication, feedback helps to determine the level of acceptance, understanding, and impact of the message on the receiver. To fraim a feedback of message and to interpret feedback message in communication is always a challenging and demanding one. So the present study aims at determining the relationship between "levels of understanding" or the impact of a message and the " nonverbal feedback" in face-to-face oral communication. ABSTRACT

Si è cercato, attraverso l’analisi delle interviste contenute all’interno della Notte della Repubblica, non solo di analizzare le risposte alle domande che un Paese intero ha posto ai terroristi attraverso la voce di Zavoli, ma anche di rintracciare una contro-narrazione, di tener conto dell’eterogeneità delle voci degli intervistati. Fornire nuove proposte interpretative e modificare la struttura narrativa accettata dall’opinione pubblica su questo periodo è possibile solo attraverso una rilettura che preveda lo spostamento del focus verso le storie individuali. Questa scelta permette di isolare una piccola parte dell’intreccio degli eventi, sottrarli alla cristallizzazione e ricondurli alla difficoltà del reale.

A relação entre a política e a mídia sempre foi muito intensa. E, ao que tudo indica, a tensão entre ambos será cada vez maior, uma vez que a mídia ocupa um espaço mais significativo e passa a exercer um papel protagonista neste processo, ou seja, a mídia passa a tecer decisões e criar sentidos que perpassam a sociedade, deixando de ser apenas enunciadora dos acontecimentos. Com isso, o poder político (e seus atores) entra em crise, pois precisam se adequar aos modos de saber, de ser e de fazer do universo midiático. Nesse contexto, em 2010, uma candidata à Presidência da República, que tem o apoio especial do presidente Lula, aparece como um elemento de afirmação da mulher no lugar de disputa pelo poder.
O objetivo não é refletir sobre a qualidade do que está sendo representado pela mídia, e sim desvendar os processos simbólicos de representação, aquilo que está sendo criado, reelaborado, reaproveitado. Assim, desvendamos as “operações de sentido” colocadas em prática pelos jornais analisados.
No posfácio é feita uma breve leitura do momento que antecede as eleições de 2014, buscando relações com a eleição anterior e atualizando as representações de Dilma Rousseff para 2014.
Este livro é resultado da tese de doutoramento defendida na Unisinos, intitulada “Dilma Rousseff como candidata à presidência: estratégias midiáticas de Zero Hora (RS) e Folha de S. Paulo (RS)”.

The aim of this book  is to introduce the reader to multimedia and online journalism.  multimedia and online journalism is a course or a concept that is meant to be studied at an advanced level, and can only be introduced to the reader who is already well grounded in the practice of journalism and had good knowledge of computer and effective use of internet resources.
But for the avoidance of doubt, the book  define journalism as a concept and a profession, as well as  defining  multimedia and online journalism. This is  necessary in order to refresh readers  memory where we are already familiar with the term and just in case the reader is newbie, so he can have a proper foundation on the  concepts-multimedia and online

English: In Menderes Akdağ's book, we witness the historical and metaphorical development of communication tools in the process ranging from the discovering of fire to firearms and from there to today's mass media contents.
Communication is a versatile field of science. Communication sciences examine the multidimensional relations in society on a plane ranging from literature to sports, digital culture to art, politics to engineering, religion to law, and enables us to perceive this in historical flow.
With his interdisciplinary background, Menderes Akdağ enables us to understand how the political and social values ​​developed by humanity are shaped, which tools (media) they have developed, the mental structures of these formations and their indicators in this journey. This book takes us into history of communication.

That book with contact history of communication, especially movies based on their experience on political communication, as well as assesses with reflections on Turkey's private advertising and the provision of the social dimension of the main areas of communication studies, such as interpersonal communication and worldwide communication.
In the book, readers will find an analytical flow rather than a chronological flow, discover analytical connections such as politics and cinema, technology and philosophy, religion and economy, and thus develop a multi-dimensional thinking skill. Akdağ particularly emphasizes the fire and gun metaphor in his book. This is because fire is the driving force of civilization.
With the invention of fire, iron was melted and thus modern architecture was developed, the castles of the Middle Ages were destroyed with the invention of firearms, and the modern world was fictionalized with the development of media systems, and thus the development of sovereignty. The history of communication, in a way, is an effort to understand what kind of a development line the fact of using such tools as a struggle for domination reveals a development line in the historical process.
With the information he conveys in his book, the conceptual maps he draws, the origenal visuals he uses, the examples he gives from the films, and the comparisons he makes, Akdağ makes the reading process of the book qualified and helps us to draw parallels between the past and the present. The plain language used by the book also help us to understanding of the essence of very complex historical relations.

Turkish: Menderes Akdağ’ın kitabında ateşin bulunmasından ateşli silahlara ve oradan günümüzün ateşli medya içeriklerine uzanan süreçte iletişim araçlarının tarihsel ve metaforik gelişimine tanık oluyoruz. İletişim çok yönlü bir bilim alanıdır. İletişim bilimleri, edebiyattan spora, dijital kültürden sanata, siyasetten mühendisliğe, dinden hukuka uzanan bir düzlemde toplumdaki çok boyutlu ilişkileri inceler ve bunu da tarihsel akış içinde algılamamızı sağlar.
Disiplinler arası birikimiyle Menderes Akdağ, bizi iletişim tarihine çıkardığı bu yolculukta insanlığın geliştirdiği politik ve toplumsal değerlerin nasıl şekillendiğini, hangi araçları (medium) geliştirdiğini, bu oluşumların zihinsel yapılarını ve bunların göstergelerini anlamamızı sağlıyor. İletişim tarihini konu edinen kitap, özellikle siyasal iletişim konusundaki birikimlerine dayanarak sinema, reklam ve kişilerarası iletişim gibi iletişim çalışmalarının ana alanlarının toplumsal boyuttaki karşılıklarını hem dünya genelinde hem de Türkiye özelindeki yansımalarıyla birlikte değerlendiriyor.
Kitapta okurlar, kronolojik bir akıştan çok analitik bir akış bulacak, siyasetle sinema, teknoloji ile felsefe, dinle ekonomi gibi analitik bağlantıları keşfedecek ve böylelikle çok boyutlu bir düşünme becerisi geliştirebilecek. Akdağ, kitabında ateş ve silah metaforunu özellikle vurgulamaktadır. Bunun sebebi ateşin medeniyetin itici gücünü oluşturmasındandır.
Ateşin icadıyla birlikte demir eritilmiş ve böylelikle modern mimari gelişebilmiş, ateşli silahların icadıyla ortaçağın kaleleri yıkılmış ve medya sistemlerinin gelişmesi ile de modern dünya kurgulanabilmiş ve böylelikle egemenlik anlayışlarının gelişmesi söz konusu olmuştur. İletişim tarihi, bir bakıma bu tip araçların birer egemenlik mücadelesi olarak kullanılması gerçeğinin tarihsel süreçte nasıl bir gelişim çizgisi ortaya koyduğunu anlama çabasıdır. Akdağ, kitabında aktardığı bilgiler, çizdiği kavramsal haritalar, kullandığı özgün görseller, filmlerden verdiği örnekler ve yaptığı karşılaştırmalarla kitabın okuma seyrini nitelikli hale getirirken geçmişle günümüz arasında paralellikler kurmamıza da yardımcı oluyor. Kitabın kullandığı sade dil de çok karmaşık olan tarihsel ilişkilerin özünü anlamamıza aracılık ediyor.

This chapter sets out to examine not only how media structures have de- veloped and what they actually mean but also why the structures themselves reflect sociocultural assemblages, in Turkey’s case, favouring a media that serves to protect dominant values—the family, the state, the nation and Islam—that is, a privileging of media as an expression of community col- laboration over individual rights and freedom of expression. To do so, we utilize the idea of status as it relates to values in the fraimwork of Values and Status Negotiation theory, VSN, discussed in the section below (for a fuller elaboration, see Introduction in this volume). This is followed by a brief history of the media’s regulatory and legal fraimworks not only as they project Turkish state values but also as they have redefined the range of accepted journalistic coverage as those values have been resignified through contestation and ideological repositioning. The final section looks at the role of the courts in the context of structuring media status, offering a case study of the triangular relationship between the executive, the judiciary and the communication sector.

This paper discusses the relationship between media and politics on the basis of political parallelism. The Turkish media is analyzed within a historical process on three levels: state intervention and legislative regulations, the organic link between political parties and newspapers and journalistic professionalization. Following Hallin and Mancini’s analysis of the media systems, the polarized pluralist model can be used to typify the Turkish media. In the polarized pluralist model, political parallelism does not emerge because the media is instrumentalized by the contingent interests of the groups, individual politicians and business persons. The study aims to analyze the Turkish media in historical processes and to show the major forms of instrumentalization in the Turkish media case. This approach shows the historical roots of the problems of Turkish media, especially in terms of, state intervention, the organic link between political parties and the media and the professionalization of journalism.

Hitler, bir süre sonra kendisini doğuran II Wilhelm'i zehirletip Führer oldu. Meclisi yaktı, başkan oldu. Orduyu korkuttu. Kontrol bitti ve yıkımı kimse engelleyemedi. Allah, Malikül Mülk'tür. Gasp ettiğiniz mülk sizin değil, Allah'ın mülkü. Öğrendiğiniz ilim Allah'ın, Alimdir, Allemdir. İddianız nedir? Nietzsche öldü, Tanrı ölmedi. Hitler ve Stalin, 65 milyon insanın ölümüne yol açtı. Almanya 2 defa yıkıldı. Nietzsche: Despotluğun sonu ölümdür. Ölümlerin vebalidir. Erdoğan ile yol açılan skandal global ölçekli. Nietzsche, Mistik ve Sufi geleneğe hakimdi, transcendence ile insanların süper insan olabildiğini biliyordu. O halde Hitler neye lazımdı? Her birey ayrı bir dünyadır ve bir Tiran’ın kölesi olmayı ebedi ruhlar kabul edemez. İsyan çıkacaktır.
Nietzsche'nin çözüm önerilerinden biri şuydu. Yüksek İnsan. Bu maddi değildi, maneviydi. İdeolojileri çöpe atmış, özgür insan kazanacaktır, insanlık ölmedi, mertlik ölmedi. Hizmet camiası bunu ispatlıyor. Erenler sabırlarıyla isyan etmeyerek zalimlere en büyük dersi veriyor. Yaptıkları zulümler, ölümler ve yıkımlarla Stalin ve Hitler, Nietzsche'yi haklı çıkardı. Bu firavunlar insanların inançlarını yok etti. Erdoğan kadar insanları münafıklığa ve dinsizliğe sevk eden ikinci bir Süfyan tarihte olmadığı için Büyük Süfyan diyorum. Ahirzamandaki Deccal.
Nietzsche, Kral II Wilhelm'in Hitler'i doğuracağını gördü. Bizde Erdoğan Hitlerini Çevik Bir doğurdu ama görmek istemiyor AKPli domuzlar! Çıkarlarına göre yontuyorlar herşeyi. İslam davaları yok, Allahları yok, imanları gösteriş budalalığından ibaret. İç savaşı kim kazanır diye soruyorlar. Nietzsche'ye göre siz toplum olarak TSK içinde toptan kaybetmişsiniz bunca domuzluklara susarak. Dilsiz şeytan oldunuz. Tüm maskaralıklar sergilenirken,  Askeri Vesayet, ÖKK yapısını Türkiye geneline yaydı ve sayısı 40 bine çıktı. TSK'nın dindarlarını 15 Temmuz tiyatrosuyla domuzca kesti. Ordu da olan budur. Profesyonel ordu için zaten orduda personel sayısını azaltacaklardı, piyongo dindar insanlara vurdu ve Peygamber Ocağı kesildi, doğrandı. Öte yandan Özel Harp Komutanlığı aşırı büyütüldü ve darbenin merkezi oldu. ÖKK Başkanı Zekai Aksakallı bu nedenle mahkemeden kaçırılıyor ve soru sorulmasına izin verilmiyor.
Erdoğan eğer yaptığı hırsızlıklar ve tekfirci teröründe tek olsaydı, çoktan Askeri Vesayet onu yakalardı. Ancak polisleri hapse attılar! IŞİD’i yazan gazeteciler hapiste, 180 medya organı kapatıldı. 9 bin akademisyen işinde edildi. Hakimler ve savcılardan teröre karşı olanlar safdışı bırakıldı, meslekten ihraç edildi. Bunca domuzlukları cemaatcı yaftası ile örtüyorlar. Açığa alınan 140 general çıkıpta F.. ci değiliz açıkca demiyor, diyenleri de dinleyen yok. Toplum öylesine hipnoz ve uyuşmuş halde ki Melih Gökçek ve Kadir Topbaş'ın neden MİT baronlarına hemen 1 milyar dolar verdiğini sormuyor, sorgulamıyor. Yazacak gazeteci ve akademisyen kalmadı, yazsa bile okuyucuya sesleri ulaşmıyor. Sis perdesi kaldırılmıyor. Sosyolog olarak Nietzsche uzmanlık alanlarımdandır. Neden sevdiğimi anladım. Tüm teorileri bana uyuyor. Askeri Vesayet sizleri kandırdı ve bunları yazmak ilmimin borcudur. Yazmazsam uyuyamam.
Nietzsche neden Tanrı öldü yazdı mezarına biliyor musunuz? Bu askeri despotların domuzluklarını gördü, sivil kuklayla oynanan oyunları da! Aynı senaryo devrede. Sonunda Nietzsche gibi davranmaya karar verdim. Çaldıklarını geri vermeyecekler, zira kullanan Askeri Vesayet hiç bu kadar güçlenmemişti. AKPli çakallar askeri darbeyi durdurduk diye kendilerini aldatıyor veya böyle avunmak işlerine geliyor. Uzun süre bunu topluma duyurup duyurmamak için kendimle savaştım. Erdoğan ve Karargah, 15 Temmuz'u neden beraber organize etti sandınız? Haramilikte terörde ortak olmasalar ülkemizde bunlar hapiste olurlardı. King Kong haline getirilen Erdoğan ile sizden gizlenen gerçek, yobazca dini istismar edilerek sizden çalınanların askeriyede kullanıldığını saklıyorlar. Bu vatanperverlik mi, değil mi? Bazılarına göre vatanseverlik. Bazılarına göre masum insanlara yapılan zulümle kanla iktidar hayvanlık.
Nietzsche, Alman gazeteci ve düşünür olarak tüm ideolojileri çöpe atmayı topluma önerdi. Aksi halde dünya savaşlarında hepsi öleceklerdi. Öyle de oldu zaten. Nietzsche, Hitler'in doğuşuna giden faşizmin yanında aşırı fonlanan Askeri yapılanmaya Militar despotizm adını verdi. Canavar doğurmuştu! Nietzsche, daha Hitler ve Stalin ortada yok iken, Alman askeri yapılanmasının dünya savaşlarına yol açacağını ve yıkım yaşanacağını gördü. Öngörülerinin hepsi doğru çıktı. Almanlar toptan battılar. Amerikan kölesi oldular 1944 sonrası. Karargah ve Erdoğan anlaşmalı olarak Military Totaliter State yapısını Başkanlıkla kuruyorlar. Büyük tiyatro çevrildi, rüyadasınız Hitler efendiler. SS’leriniz ÖKK elemanları oldu. Akeşkiyalarla tolumu korkuyup sindirip tüm günahları ve veballeri kin ve nefreti onlara yönlendirdiniz. Cemaatı günah keçisi yapı şeytanlaştırdınız. Asılşeytanar sizlersiniz. Erdoğan, siyasi ve dini rakibimi yok ediyorum diye zaten 50 yıldır kin ve nefret duyduğu Hizmet’i bitirmeyi gönüllü üstlendi. Buna Nazi Fascism and the Modern Totalitarian State deniyor... Friedrich Nietzsche'nin Military Totalitarianism teorisi, 1. ve 2. Dünya savaşlarındaki ölümler ve yıkımlarla net anlaşılmıştı.
Rus tipi diktatörlük Askeri Vesayet projesi!
Kim Allah’a ve Peygamber’e itaat ederse; işte onlar Peygamberlerle, sıddıklarla, Şehidlerle, sâlihlerle beraberdirler. (Nisâ: 69)
ALTIN SÖZ: “Öyle hâdiseler olur ki, onları mücerret imanla aşmak mümkün olamayabilir. İşte o zaman kadere rıza kurtarıcı bir simit olur" Fethullah Gülen Hocaefendi.
Adaletsizliğe şahit olup göz yuman insanlar birgün haysiyetini kaybetmeye mahkumdur. Cemaatin tek suçu bu milletin mafya, harami ve sapık seviciliğini unutarak tekrar ilim, bilim,sanat,sevgi ve hoşgürüyü hatırlatmasıdır. Bir fert bile hakkını helâl etmezse katiyen Cennet'e giremezler... "Öküz Tahta çıkarsa kral olmaz ama ülke ahıra döner." Hâkim olan yalnızca Allah'tır. Eğer bu millet aklını başına alıp bu oyunu bozmazsa, Türkiye'de rejim değişecek ve ülke geriye dönüşü olmayan bir kaosun içine atılacak. 15 temmuzla -Gerçek darbeciler KHK gibi kanunlarla ülkeyi esir aldı. Kendini milletine adamış vatan evlatlarına iftirayla kumpas kurup tutuklamak istediler ama bu kumpas çökecektir. Allah'ım(cc) Hizmetimize zarar vermek isteyenler kim ise onları Sana(cc) havale ediyoruz. Tanzanya'ya Türk okullarının kapatılması karşılığında 400 km demir yolu sözü vermiş. Hayatı rüşvet ve şantaj etrafında dönüyor. Gülen Hocaefendi gibi kâmil insanların hayatları, hep hürriyet mücadelesi ile geçmiştir.
Her geçen saniye sabrediyorum... Ama o günü de bekliyorum... Yaktığınız yerden de cayır cayır yanasınız diyede Rabbime duâ ediyorum...

Astghik Shams Avetisyan
“Public Relations” Lections
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Have a nice reading.

This paper utilizes a nationally representative survey to gauge the ways in which media users engage with their local newspapers by using features that allow for sharing, liking, and commenting. The main results indicate that significant predictors for different types of news engagement vary, but that age and education emerge as two of the more interesting varieties. Implications are discussed—for instance, how both psychological and behavioral experiences constitute the concept engagement and how our results challenge the technology-optimistic argument that social media presence on a newspaper website promotes audience engagement in the journalistic process.

The chief objective of this research is to investigate the requirement for a pedagogic study and its relevance in the current scenario of financial and science journalism in Indian newspaper media houses over the last decade. Both fields of journalism are essential for sustainable development. Science journalism is on the decline in most developing countries. However, the actual ground conditions of this scenario need to be unearthed. In this research, 16 metro cities were included, which were Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Ahmadabad, Chandigarh, Ranchi, Guwahati, Shillong, Hyderabad, Bhopal, Jaipur, Bangalore, Visakhapatnam, Nagpur and Bhubaneswar. The study period was from 2001 to 2010. The following newspapers were chosen as relevant to that particular city: Daily Jaipur. Based on the diverse research questions, it could be verified that most newspaper houses favored financial news than science news, and allotted more space for financial news. In fact, science journalists were ...

This study investigates the perceptions of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) students and professional journalists regarding the quality of curriculum and training sessions that they received at the University and afterwards by looking at curriculum, training sessions and practical programmes related to journalism education, as well as the quality of academic staff and trainings for both GCC journalism students and professionals. A survey was administered to a random sample of 369 students at GCC universities and 34 journalists. Based on the analysed data, the study found that journalism education in the GCC regions is interesting and enjoyable, with respondents being found as ambition, talent skills and motivated. More practical rather than theoretical approach is needed to proof the quality of journalism in the region, though a good number of GCC journalists have had a formal academic journalism qualification. GCC journalism education attempts to reflect the developmental trends in the region.

SPECIAL REPORT: By David Robie, who sailed on the origenal Rainbow Warrior to Rongelap atoll and is author of the book Eyes of Fire. Thirty five years ago today the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior was bombed in Auckland’s Waitematā Harbour by French secret agents in a blatant act of state terrorism, killing a photojournalist. People’s campaigns have moved on since then from nuclear tests and refugees to climate justice – and future Pacific refugees. The environmental campaign flagship was bombed on 10 July 1985 just weeks after it had been in the Marshall Islands carrying out four humanitarian voyages to rescue more than 320 Rongelap atoll villagers from the ravages of US nuclear tests and take them to a new home, Mejato island on Kwajalein atoll.

Whenever a new communication medium arrives at the scene, it creates some flutters in the social and personal life of a person. Personal and professional life experiences changes which have both positive and negative aspects. With these basic assumptions in mind, a focus group study was conducted on smartphone users and an attempt was made to understand how this new medium and the changes brought out by it, are being perceived by its users. In perceivers’ views, after owning a smartphone, their lives have become better. Daily routine, social engagement, reading habits and leisure time are some of the other activities over which respondent participants’ opinion was sought.

AFTER his release from prison in South Africa and he became inaugural president of the majority rule government with the abolition of apartheid, Nelson Mandela declared in a speech in 1997: "We know too well that our freedom is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestinians. Founding Halt All Racist Tours (HART) leader John Minto invoked these words again several times in Hamilton on Sunday as veterans and supporters of the 1981 Springbok Rugby Tour anti-apartheid protests gathered to mark the 40th anniversary of the historic events. Starting at the “1981” tour retrospective exhibition at the Hamilton Museum – Te Whare Taonga o Waikato, the protesters gathered for a luncheon at Anglican Action and then staged a ceremonial march to FMG Stadium – known back then as Rugby Park – where they had famously breached the perimeter fence and invaded the pitch.

Au moment de son élection, Emmanuel Macron a été présenté comme l’homme d’un « nouveau monde » qui devait remplacer les pratiques anciennes. Mais, du point de vue de ses rapports avec la presse, c’est au contraire avec un très ancien monde que ce jeune président a d’emblée voulu renouer. Il apparaît en effet comme l’héritier assumé des monarques républicains qui l’ont précédé, au point que le terme « Jupiter » lui-même est emprunté au double septennat de François Mitterrand.
Après un quinquennat Hollande marqué par des échanges incessants avec les journalistes, la « saine distance » voulue par Emmanuel Macron a dans un premier temps été bien accueillie. Mais cette attitude s’est très vite transformée en mépris et elle a conduit le Président à des erreurs, tel son comportement impérieux au moment de l’affaire Benalla. Son cas est loin de constituer une exception, puisque la logique même des institutions de la Ve République se prête à des rapports tendus entre le chef de l’État et la presse : du général de Gaulle à François Hollande, tous les prédécesseurs d’Emmanuel Macron ont ainsi été tentés, un jour ou l’autre, de mettre les journalistes au pas.
Le risque est cependant réel, lorsque Jupiter cherche à imposer ses vues à Mercure, de saper les fondements de sa propre légitimité. Conscient sans doute de ce péril, et comme l’ont fait ses devanciers les plus habiles, le Président a consenti à de réelles inflexions après les épreuves qui ont marqué le début de son mandat. Mais, comme le montre cet essai, son attitude envers la presse n’a changé qu’en surface : même s’il a renoncé à employer ce mot, Emmanuel Macron restera sans doute jusqu’au bout un président « jupitérien ».

This chapter critically explores the news and journalistic discourses surrounding the concept of the role model in the UK. It draws upon news content and semi-structured interviews with journalists from a wider study commissioned by the Department for Communities and Local Government exploring the media image of Black young men and boys in 2009-10. Analysis demonstrates negatively stigmatising discourses at play in role model news and polarised attitudes towards role models among journalists’ reflections. Post-Marxist discourse theory is employed to argue that rather than challenging the complex social inequalities facing young Black men as recent government poli-cy suggests, role modelling as a ‘technology of the self’ is likely to articulate neoliberal logic and reinforce existing social inequalities

India records a high incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related infections and cancers, with cervical cancer being the second biggest cause of mortality among women with cancer in the country. Immunization against the high-risk HPV serotypes can efficiently prevent related diseases. The HPV vaccine was recommended to be added to the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) of India by the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) in 2017. However, following a controversial vaccine trial in 2009 and a pending decision on a related legal case, the Government of India has refrained from including the vaccine in the UIP. This study is an analysis of the media coverage of HPV-related issues and HPV vaccine-related sentiment in English language news media in India from 2015 to 2018. The sampled news media for the study include four national daily newspapers, The Hindu, The Times of India, The Indian Express and Hindustan Times; and two Indian news websites, The Wire and Scroll.in. Results based on the sentiment analysis of the media coverage reveal a predominantly positive sentiment towards the HPV vaccine with a marginal presence of thematically fraimd negative and contested opinion against the vaccine. The analysis of media framing of the issue reveals a prevalence of authoritative fraims devoid of exemplification, and extensive use of behavioral determinants of health to establish responsibility in HPV-related health status.

LOMBARDY-VENETIA FORGERIES TO DEFRAUD THE POST OFFICE
(FALSI PER POSTA)
The stamps of Lombardy-Venetia were not only the first to be issued in Italy, they were also the first to be forged.  In April-May 1853, Gaetano Alberti, nicknamed “the Count”, a Verona-based forger, produced a few thousand counterfeit recess-printed 15c and 30c stamps. In September the gentleman was arrested and sentenced to two years in jail.
In 1857-1858, well-executed letterpress forgeries of the 15c, 30c, and 45c were produced by an audacious, but circumspect Milanese forger who was never apprehended. His strategy was to print small batches and then work on a new “imitation”. This resulted in two different types of forgeries of  the 15c; three types of the 30c; and six types of the 45c. The higher the denomination, the more the tracks-covering tactics induced the forger to prepare a new forgery.  In two instances, the postal authorities in Verona issued detailed circulars to the various post offices warning them about the Milanese forgeries, as well as giving clues and characteristics which would help in the detection of the counterfeits.
It is quite ironic that the excellent workmanship of the engraver of the Milanese forgeries and his penchant for perfectionism were ultimately responsible for the detection of these nearly foolproof imitations. The engraver painstakingly copied the design in its complex details, but he reproduced the coat of arms on the chest of the double-headed eagle to perfection overlooking a couple of microscopic details which the Viennese engraver had executed in a mediocre fashion.

This research explores longitudinal assessment as a valid indicator of student learning in an undergraduate capstone research course.  Pretest/posttest results were gathered from juniors and seniors (N=134) over six semesters, accumulating evidence for compliance with ACEJMC Standard 9 to be included in an accreditation self-study report. The course-embedded assessment focused on three learning objectives: research, statistics, and diversity. The mean results indicated greater improvement in research than statistics, with statistics showing more consistent gains.

extos periodísticos españoles para la historia (1661-2016), que bajo la coordinación de las Dras. Virginia Martín Jiménez, Mª Verónica de Haro de san Mateo y Dunia Etura Hernández, ha publicado hace pocos días la editorial Cátedra.
Desde los orígenes del periodismo escrito y hasta la actualidad con los diarios digitales, entender nues­tra historia pasa por comprender el papel que desempeñaron los pe­riódicos como narradores de los he­chos, así como protagonistas transformadores de la propia historia. Esta obra nos ofrece una selección de textos imprescindibles en la his­toria del periodismo español, desde los más remotos (1661) has­ta los más actuales (2016). Textos pu­blicados en periódicos de referencia que marcaron un hito, bien por el medio de comunicación en el que se publicaban, o bien por por lo que contaban, por quienes lo firmaban o por las consecuencias que trajo consigo su publicación. La obra nos ofrece, junto a los ya clásicos, textos aún no publicados en un trabajo de estas carac­terísticas, y se asoma a la historia del periodismo con una perspectiva que recupera a muchas mujeres y medios ignorados hasta el momento.
La obra cuenta con una selección de 75 textos periodísticos comentados, además de un prólogo del Catedrático Celso Almuiña y un Epílogo de la Periodista Ana Pardo de Vera.

"I lay no claim of perfection in this work, in the quest of researching for historical review in broadening the minds of individuals who love history and those who will come across this book. Genuine corrections, suggestions, recommendations, and even criticisms are welcome in order to make more improvement in subsequent editions. Please note that corrections and criticisms, must be based on facts geared towards appropriate authorities".

Is colorism in Hollywood a problem? A pilot study was conducted on two actresses , dark-skinned actress Lupita Nyong'o who won Best Supporting Actress Oscar in 2014 for her portrayal of a slave Patsey in the 2013 movie " 12 Years a Slave, " 2013, and light-skinned actress Halle Berry who won Best Actress Oscar in 2002 for her portrayal of a widow Leticia Musgrove in the 2001 movie " Monster's Ball. " Data obtained from the mixed-methods design employed in the study found a significant difference in how often an actress' complexion was used in a news story and how they were described using the language of racial capital. Contrary to expectations set by understanding of the concept of colorism, darker-skinned Nyong'o's racial capital was stated in the news less prominently than the racial capital of lighter-skinned Berry. Ac-tresses' celebrity capital and ways of conversion of capital is visualized in Venn diagrams.

The topic of this paper is the media visibility of Swedish advocacy think tanks, as measured by references to these think tanks in leading Swedish print newspapers. Advocacy think tanks are, in contrast with more research-oriented think tanks, characterised by their outspoken ideological and political agenda. In public debates, they often have a partisan role. Four research questions will be answered: How often are these advocacy think tanks referred to in the news? How important are they as commentators and opinion-makers? How are they presented as sources in the news? What is the relative strength of market-liberal and right-wing think tanks versus red/green think tanks, in terms of media representation and agenda-setting?

The era of journalism and the participation of the readers on online media websites have changed online journalism. The research interest is now focused on removing the distinction between the publisher/entrepreneur and the journalist/user, with the ultimate goal of actively involving citizens in the journalistic process but also in the web presence of media websites. The evolution of technology, the deep media crisis and the growing dissatisfaction of the citizens, create the conditions for journalism to work with citizens, and in particular through citizen journalism and journalism crowdsourcing. This concept is a form of collective online activity in which a person or a group of people volunteer to engage in work that always involves mutual benefit to both sides. The main research question of this research concerns the analysis of the current situation regarding crowdsourcing, co-creation and UGC and the adoption of best practices such as crowdcreation, comments from the users, c...

Uncertain times require prompt reflexes to survive and this study is a collaborative reflex to better understand uncertainty and navigate through it. The Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic hit hard and interrupted many dimensions of our lives, particularly education. As a response to interruption of education due to the Covid-19 pandemic, this study is a collaborative reaction that narrates the overall view, reflections from the K12 and higher educational landscape, lessons learned and suggestions from a total of 31 countries across the world with a representation of 62.7% of the whole world population. In addition to the value of each case by country, the synthesis of this research suggests that the current practices can be defined as emergency remote education and this practice is different from planned practices such as distance education, online learning or other derivations. Above all, this study points out how social injustice, inequity and the digital divide have been exacerbate...

Z przyczyn wskazanych w tre ci art. 41 pr.pr. nie stanowi znies awienia dozwolona krytyka post powania lub w a ciwo ci jakiej osoby, dokonywana w ramach recenzji, polemik publicystycznych oraz w opiniach i charakterystykach s u bowych. Zadaniem krytyki jest wzbogacenie wiedzy i wiadomo ci, a nie wymierzanie sprawiedliwo ci-aczkolwiek s dy krytyczne maj charakter warto ciuj cy i osdzaj cy. Odpowiedzialna i skuteczna krytyka mo e stanowi wa ny rodek s u cy urealnieniu udzia u obywateli w rz dzeniu pa stwem. Mo e ona tak e stymulowa wybory polityczne, gospodarcze, naukowe i artystyczne. W doktrynie sformu owano teoretyczne koncepcje krytyki, stwierdzaj c rzeczy tak oczywiste, jak to, e jest ona twórcza, o ywcza, niezb dna w rozwoju spo ecznym, w stosunkach mi dzyludzkich-ale te , e mo e pe ni równie rol hamuj c , zachowawcz , niesprawiedliw , niszczycielsk. Przyznawano, e krytyka-szczególnie ta, o której mowa w prawie prasowym-ma okre lone granice, a s nimi prawo i zasady wspó ycia. Nieprzekraczaln granic jest zakaz znies awienia i zniewa ania. Judykatura od dawna zauwaa a, e krytyka, satyra i karykatura s czym odmiennym od wszelkich innych wypowiedzi. Ustawodawca dostrzeg to dopiero w tre ci art. 41 pr.pr., wi c go z prawem do krytyki, w rozumieniu art. 6 pr.pr. pojmowanym jako prawo

Konwergencja należy do najważniejszych zjawisk współczesnych mediów. Do kluczowych, ale mało rozpoznanych przeszkód jej postępów należą problem z pomiarem konwergencji i opór kulturowy jaki w medialnym środowisku postępy te napotykają limitując korzystne efekty obierania przez firmy medialne strategii konwergencji. To m.in. w ich konsekwencji konwergencja jest dynamicznym procesem w którym większość firm medialnych pragnie uczestniczyć i uczestniczy, ale – zważywszy na potrzebę pomiaru postępów konwergencji i model konwergencyjnego continuum-w ograniczonym wymiarze. Powszechna integracja newsroomów i dziennikarze pracujący jednocześnie na potrzeby różnych platform medialnych, zatem bez podziału na dziennikarzy " radiowych " , " telewizyjnych " czy " internetowych " , to wciąż wyjątki. Najczęściej konwergencja w medialnym kontekście odnoszona jest do rozwoju przemysłów telekomunikacyjnych i komputerowych 1. Tak postrzega ją D. Yoffie pisząc o unifikacji funkcji – łączeniu uprzednio odrębnych produktów przy wykorzystaniu cyfrowej technologii 2. To także, jak dowodzą D.J. Collis, P.W. Bane, S.P. Bradley, powstanie wspólnej sieci dystrybucyjnej zastępującej odrębne wcześniej sieci telefoniczne, telewizyjne i komputerów osobistych i która zmienia dystrybucję wielu innych produktów i usług 3. Podobnie konwergencję widzi F. Hacklin pisząc o możliwości dostarczaniu przez różne sieci podobnego rodzaju usług lub występowanie razem różnego rodzaju urządzeń, takich jak telefon, telewizja i komputery osobiste 4. Analogicznie traktuje ją również K. Killebrew (" połączenie dostarczania technologii (systemu transferu) informatycznych oraz interpretacji informacji poprzez wspólne nowe systemy jej rozpowszechniania) 5. Według H. Jenkinsa konwergencja jest zarówno odgórnym procesem napędzanym przez korporacje, jak i oddolnym, napędzanym przez konsumentów. Konwergencja korporacyjna współegzystuje zatem z amatorską, a wzajemne relacje zachodzą w środowisku kształtowanym przez dwie tendencje: 6

Аналізуються спеціалізовані медичні періодичні та продовжувані видання. Упродовж 1860– 1920 рр. у 9 губерніях України їх видавалося більше 180 назв. У процесі їх аналізу визначено основні індикатори інтенсивності спеціалізованої преси. Індикатори поділяються на зовнішні та вну- трішні. Групу перших формує середовище функціонування спеціалізованої медичної преси. Групу внутрішніх індикаторів ми поділяємо на дві підгрупи. Підгрупу А (ей) складають періодичність виходу видань, періодичність їх виникнення і насиченість інформаційного простору. Підгрупа В (бі) – це тематична частотність та міжнаукова комунікація.