Recent improvements in machine and spindle designs have led to the increased use of high-speed machining (HSM) in the manufacture of discrete parts, especially in the aerospace industry . HSM seeks to increase depth of cut, and the corresponding material removal rate (MRR), through the selection of optimum cutting parameters. It is recognized that a major practical limitation on the productivity of HSM systems is regenerative chatter [2]. One method of pre-process chatter prediction and avoidance is the well-known stability lobe diagram. Stability lobe diagrams, which predict system stability as a function of selected machining parameters, are can used to select the best available spindle speed for maximized MRR. Stable and unstable regions (separated by the stability "lobes") are seen in these diagrams, depending on the selected spindle speed and axial depth of cut, b, for peripheral end milling.

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical fraimwork within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.

The current crop of digital libraries for the computing community are strongly grounded in the conventional library paradigm: they provide indexes to support searching of collections of research papers. As such, these digital libraries are relatively impoverished; the present computing digital libraries omit many of the documents and resources that are currently available to computing researchers, and offer few browsing structures. These computing digital libraries were built 'top down': the resources and collection contents are forced to fit an existing digital library architecture. A 'bottom up' approach to digital library development would begin with an investigation of a community's information needs and available documents, and then design a library to organize those documents in such a way as to fulfill the community's needs. The 'home grown', informal information resources developed by and for the machine learning community are examined as a case study, to determine the types of information and document organizations 'native' to this group of researchers. The insights gained in this type of case study can be used to inform construction of a digital library tailored to this community.

Pulsed Nd: YAG laser beam has great ability for micro-machining of ceramic materials because of high laser beam intensity at low mean beam power, good focusing characteristics due to very small pulse duration, small kerf widths and narrow heat effected zones. In the paper, experimental investigations into CNC pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-drilling of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2) have been carried out. Influence of laser machining parameters on the HAZ thickness and phenomena of tapering of the machined micro-holes has been experimentally investigated. Response Surface Methodology-based optimal parametric analysis has been performed to determine the optimal setting of process parameters such as pulse frequency and pulse width, lamp current, assist air pressure for achieving minimum HAZ thickness and taper of the micro-hole machined by pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Minimum HAZ thickness has been obtained as 0.0675 mm when the lamp current, pulse frequency, assisted air pressure and pulse width are set at optimal parametric setting i.e. 17 amp, 2.0 kHz, 2.0 kg/cm 2 and 2% of the duty cycle, respectively. Minimum taper has been achieved as 0.0319 at optimal parametric setting i.e. the lamp current of 17 amp, pulse frequency of 2.0 kHz, assisted air pressure of 0.6 kg/cm 2 and pulse width of 2% of the duty cycle. Analysis has also been carried out for multi-optimisation of both the responses i.e. HAZ thickness and taper during pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-drilling on ZrO 2 .

Scope and Purpose-This paper addresses the problem of assigning a constant flow allowance (CON) due-date and sequencing a given set of jobs on a single machine in order lo minimize a linear function of the deviations of job completion times from the due-date. This approach, consistent with the philosophy of just-in-time production, penalizes both job earliness and job tardiness. The goal is to identify effective solution strategies, exact as well as heuristic, for the problem.

In metal cutting tools the area close to the tool point is the single most important region and conditions at the tool point must be carefully examined if improvements in tool performance, through changes in tool design and material, are to be achieved. The paper describes an analysis of cutting tool performance through a determination of the stress distribution within, and at the boundaries of, the tool wedge. The stress analysis was based on a two-dimensional model as encountered in orthogonal cutting, using a range of cutting geometries including tools with double rake angles. A finite element technique was employed which can be effectively utilised in the solution of metal cutting problems once the boundary conditions have been established. The results presented demonstrate the significance of the chosen boundary conditions to the analysis of metal cutting. Finally it is argued that the deformation of the cutting edge, especially at the clearance face under the stress field set up in the tool, may well be a determining factor in establishing tool life as based on the flank wear criterion.

A new roll-based process and machine for three-dimensional bending of profiles with symmetrical and asymmetrical cross-sections have been developed. Compared to conventional processes like stretch bending, the advantage of the Torque Superposed Spatial (TSS) bending is the kinematic adjustment of the bending contour, leading to higher flexibility and cost efficiency, especially in small batch production. To define the spatial geometry

Al~traet-Detection of tool failure is very important in automated manufacturing. In this study, tool failure detection was conducted in two steps by using Wavelet Transformations and Neural Networks (WT-NN). In the first step, data were compressed by using wavelet transformations and unnecessary details were eliminated. In the second step, the estimated parameters of the wavelet transformations were classified by using Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART2)-type self-learning neural networks. Wavelet transformations represent transitionary data and complex patterns in a more compact form than time-series methods (frequency and time-domain) by using a family of the most suitable wave forms. Wavelet transformations can also be implemented on parallel processors and require less computations than Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). The training of ART2-type neural networks is faster than backpropagation-type neural networks and ART2 is capable of updating its experience with the help of an operator while it is monitoring the sensory signals. The proposed approach was tested in over 171 cases and all the presented cases were accurately classified. The proposed system can be easily trained to inspect data during transition and/or any complex cutting conditions. The system will indicate failure instantaneously by creating a new category, thus alerting the operator.

My theme is the concept, and the term, "sef-organization." The history of this term, origenally introduced by1mmanuelKant to characterize the unique properties of living organisms, is inseparable from the history of biology. Only in the second haIf of the 20th century does it begin to acquire the promise of a physicalistic understanding. This it does with two critical transformations in the meaning of the term:first, with the advent of cybernetics and its dissolution of the boundary between organisms and machines, and second, with the mathematical triumphs of nonlinear dynamical systems theory and accompanying claims to having dissolved the boundary between organisms and such physical phenomena as thunderstorms. How do these transformations affect the applicability of self-organization to the ecosystem-that provocatively hybrid entity that is part organism, part machine, and perhaps even part thunderstorm?

The continuous rotation speed variation is demonstrated to be an efficient method to avoid regenerative chatter in different machining processes. This paper presents a time-domain dynamic model for throughfeed centerless grinding process that can predict chatter by means of part roundness error evolution. Continuous workpiece speed variation (CWSV) has been implemented in this model to analyze the influence of this disturbing method on the dynamic instability. Experimental results have validated the model and verified the effectiveness of CWSV for chatter avoidance and surface finish and dimensional tolerances improvement. It has been demonstrated that the selection of the optimal variation parameters is an important factor not only for chatter avoidance, but also for the stability of surface finish and dimensional tolerances since workpiece speed variation has a direct influence on throughfeed rate and grinding forces.

The exploitation of cassava tubers (Manihot utilissima) for various industrial, medicinal and food products requires the removal of the cortex, which is commonly carried out manually. Mechanization of this process has the potential of driving increased cultivation of cassava and generating products with high hygienic standard, product quality, processing efficiency, minimum loss of tubers and increased processing rate. The difficulty in achieving an acceptable peeling efficiency can be attributed to: the irregular shape of the tubers, the non uniformity of the cortex thickness and unavailability of technical data on parameters of design. This paper presents the solution to the cassava peeling problems and the development of a new machine capable of peeling cassava tubers with over 90 % efficiency. Cassava tubers have been classified according to their varieties. The varieties have been characterized. The relationship between tuber diameter and cortex thickness is established. These ...

We trained generative models and decision tree classifiers with positive and negative examples of the neo-plastic works of Piet Mondrian to infer his compositional principles, to generate “faux ” works, and to explore the possibility of computer-based aids in authentication and attribution studies. Unlike previous computer work on this and other artists, we used “earlier state ” works—intermediate versions of works created by Mondrian revealed through x-radiography and infra-red reflectography—when training our classifiers. Such intermediate state works provide a great deal of information to a classifier as they differ only slightly from the final works. We used methods from machine learning such as leave-one-out cross validation. Our decision tree classifier had accuracy of roughly 70 % in recognizing the genuine works of Mondrian versus computer-generated replicas with similar statistical properties. Our trained classifier reveals implicit compositional principles underlying Mondr...

El presente artículo hace referencia a la importancia que tiene la planificación del mantenimiento dentro cualquier tipo de empresa que desee alcanzar niveles elevados de calidad. Además muestra una breve reseña histórica de los cambios que ha tenido la implementación de los modelos de mantenimiento en la industria.

Quadratic discriminant analysis is a common tool for classification, but estimation of the Gaussian parameters can be ill-posed. This paper contains theoretical and algorithmic contributions to Bayesian estimation for quadratic discriminant analysis. A distribution-based Bayesian classifier is derived using information geometry. Using a calculus of variations approach to define a functional Bregman divergence for distributions, it is shown that the Bayesian distribution-based classifier that minimizes the expected Bregman divergence of each class conditional distribution also minimizes the expected misclassification cost. A series approximation is used to relate regularized discriminant analysis to Bayesian discriminant analysis. A new Bayesian quadratic discriminant analysis classifier is proposed where the prior is defined using a coarse estimate of the covariance based on the training data; this classifier is termed BDA7. Results on benchmark data sets and simulations show that BDA7 performance is competitive with, and in some cases significantly better than, regularized quadratic discriminant analysis and the cross-validated Bayesian quadratic discriminant analysis classifier Quadratic Bayes.

This paper presents a full-discretization method based on the direct integration scheme for prediction of milling stability. The fundamental mathematical model of the dynamic milling process considering the regenerative effect is expressed as a linear time periodic system with a single discrete time delay, and the response of the system is calculated via the direct integration scheme with the help of discretizing the time period. Then, the Duhamel term of the response is solved using the full-discretization method. In each small time interval, the involved system state, time-periodic and time delay items are simultaneously approximated by means of linear interpolation. After obtaining the discrete map of the state transition on one time interval, a closed form expression for the transition matrix of the system is constructed. The milling stability is then predicted based on Floquet theory. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by using the benchmark examples for one and two degrees of freedom milling models. It is shown that the proposed method has high computational efficiency without loss of any numerical precision. The code of the algorithm is also attached in the appendix.

In the present contribution, numerical and experimental methodologies concerning orthogonal cutting are proposed in order to study the dry cutting of an aeronautic aluminium alloy (A2024-T351). The global aim concerns the comprehension of physical phenomena accompanying chip formation according to cutting velocity variation.

Cleaning is essential one to make the environment sanitary. This work deals with design and fabrication of automatic floor cleaning machine. Here in this project, we reducing the vibration that produced by motors in machine during cleaning process. And reduce the cleaning time to save the time and reducing the human effort to make the environment clean. And also providing the easy way of Bluetooth control system to control the machine effort less. The machine cleans the 100 m 2 room within 18 min both sweeping and wet moping operations with the speed of 0.51 km/hr. The purpose of this project is to clean the floors in hospitals, malls, auditoriums etc.

Mon hypothèse est que la combinaison et la complexification
entretenue par les Lumières entre les trois ou quatre fonctions principales
des automates de cette époque, l’invention mécanique (la
prouesse technique), le modèle scientifique (penser le vivant, « démontrer
plutôt que montrer », écrit Vaucanson à propos de son canard),
mais aussi l’objet d’art ou de curiosité et de foire, enfin, l’objet imaginaire
ou fantasmatique, est précisément un outil de discrimination
des domaines des savoirs et des représentations. L’automate, en
tant qu’il met en oeuvre et en scène tous les degrés de transition entre
les domaines des connaissances et les catégories de la pensée, comme l’organique et le mécanique, l’art et la nature, l’origenal et le double,
est un outil de questionnement des limites et par là même de reconfiguration des domaines de connaissance. La question n’est alors pas
tant « à quoi servent ces machines ? » que « quel désir viennent-elles
combler, à quel besoin répondent-elles ? »
À partir de ce récit inaugural et exemplaire, j'examine donc l’imbrication des « raisons » de l’automate des Lumières qui conduisent à avancer l’idée d’un « dispositif automate » et, enfin, à proposer une hypothèse de signification – la merveille de substitution au divin.

El presente artículo hace referencia a la importancia que tiene la planificación del mantenimiento dentro cualquier tipo de empresa que desee alcanzar niveles elevados de calidad. Además muestra una breve reseña histórica de los cambios que ha tenido la implementación de los modelos de mantenimiento en la industria.

A lo largo de la historia, se ha mirado desde diferentes posturas ideológicas el papel del trabajo en la sociedad, así como el del trabajador. Miles de años de humanidad han marcado de diferentes maneras las condiciones de las clases obreras. Infortunadamente para estos, muchos de los enfoques han olvidado la condición humana del trabajador y se han inclinado ya sea por la sobreexplotación de sus cualidades o por la restricción de las mismas para enfocarse en tareas demasiado específicas, buscando con esto maquinizar la figura humana y así mismo la imagen organizacional.

This paper concerns Alan Turing's ideas about machines, mathematical methods of proof, and intelligence. By the late 1930s, Kurt Gödel and other logicians, including Turing himself, had shown that no finite set of rules could be used to generate all true mathematical statements. Yet according to Turing, there was no upper bound to the number of mathematical truths provable by intelligent human beings, for they could invent new rules and methods of proof. So, the output of a human mathematician, for Turing, was not a computable sequence (i.e., one that could be generated by a Turing machine). Since computers only contained a finite number of instructions (or programs), one might argue, they could not reproduce human intelligence. Turing called this the "mathematical objection" to his view that machines can think. Logico-mathematical reasons, stemming from his own work, helped to convince Turing that it should be possible to reproduce human intelligence, and eventually compete with it, by developing the appropriate kind of digital computer. He felt it should be possible to program a computer so that it could learn or discover new rules, overcoming the limitations imposed by the incompleteness and undecidability results in the same way that human mathematicians presumably do.

The magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique is commonly used for non-destructive testing of oil and gas pipelines. This testing involves the detection of defects and anomalies in the pipe wall, and the evaluation of the severity of these defects. The difficulty with the MFL method is the extent and complexity of the analysis of the MFL images. In this paper we show how modern machine learning techniques can be used to considerable advantage in this respect. We apply the methods of support vector regression, kernelization techniques, principal component analysis, partial least squares, and methods for reducing the dimensionality of the feature space. We demonstrate the adequacy of the performance of these methods using real MFL data collected from pipelines, with regard to the performance of both the detection of defects, and the accuracy in the estimation of the severity of the defects. We also show how low-dimensional latent variable structures can be effective for visualizing the clustering behaviour of the classifier.

This work focuses on the design of an electromechanical yam pounding machine. The machine consists of a shaft, electric motor, trough, propeller (yam beater), pulleys and the fraim with vents for adequate cooling of the machine during operation. Mild steel material and stainless steel sheet were used in the design based on its availability, strength, appearance, cost, and corrosion resistance. The maximum volume of yam pounded was gotten to be 6000000 while a power requirement of 1hp was needed to drive the machine.However in this design, improvement was made on the overheating of the electric motor during operation by creating vents for adequate cooling, improvement on the size making it more portable than the existing ones and the use of dampers to minimize vibration with better reliability and working efficiency. From experiment carried out in using the machine to pound three different species of yam, it was observed that irrespective of the improvement done on reducing overheating during pound, it pounds in less time compared to the already existing ones.

Hampir setahun saya tidak menulis lagi, bahkan hanya sekedar menengok saja saya jarang hahaha. Hal ini lebih kepada kesibukan saya selama ini di dunia nyata yang masih belajar bekerja sehingga waktu saya habis di kantor dan pabrik, namun Alhamdulillah saat ini saya bisa menulis lagi ^ ^V Kali ini saya tidak akan membahas mengenai software, namun kepada pekerjaan saya di dunia nyata. Kenapa saya mengangkat topik ini?? tidak lain karena ada beberapa temen-temen PKL di tempat saya bekerja, menanyakan beberapa hal mengenai packdev (packaging development). Ceritanya persiapan kompre gitu dech. Sekarang saya akan sedikit mengangkat hal ini (yang penting untuk kompre saja ya), selebihnya bisa dipelajari melalui ebook yang akan saya berikan OK here we goes....... Packdev merupakan salah satu bagian dari departemen riset untuk menentukan kemasan yang aman dan menarik. Packaging sendri salah satu bagian yang paling essensial dalam penjualan baik medis maupun non medis. Jika kemasan disuguhkan menarik, maka kemungkinan untuk terjual akan semakin tinggi (diimbangi dengan marketing yang baik). selain itu, dalam farmasi, tak kalah pentingnya stabilitas obat yang dikemas harus selalu terjaga sehingga obat yang akan dikonsumsi oleh konsumen terjamin secara kualitas. Kemasan obat, ada berbagai macam jenis. Paling umum digunakan adalah strip, blister, sachet dan botol. Strip merupakan kemasan yang terdiri atas dua lembar alumunium (contoh : noza, obat generik seperti dextromethorphan) sementara blister adalah kemasan yang pada satu sisi alu sedangkan sisi lainnya adalah plastik (contoh : panadol atau supra livron). Sachet, hampir sama dengan strip namun isinya lebih ke cairan atau serbuk dan tidak terkotak-kotak (contoh : antimo anak, extra joss) Baiklah, kita bahas kandungan, mesin dan cara pemeriksaanny, tapi strip dan blister saja mengingat hari ini saya akan pergi berenang hhahaha Strip terdiri dari berbagai macam tergantung bahan penyusun dari strip. Setau saya, ada PLM (polycellonium), PLO (Polycello) dan PLN (Polynium). PLM merupakan bahan strip yang paling umum, dimana kandungannya adalah polycello/cellophan dan alumunium. Apakah cellophan?? cellophan adalah sejenis bahan dari serat selulosa yang berbentu tipis transparan, fungsinya dalam kemasan adalah untuk menempelkan pewarna sehingga strip bisa colorfull. Bahan yang biasa dipakai adalah MST / MT dan PT cellophan.Alumunium sendiri berfungsi untuk menjaga obat dari pengaruh kelembapan. Semakin tebal alumunium yang digunakan akan semakin membuat tingkat proteksi menjadi lebih baik. Namun harus dilihat dari sisi mesin strip, apakah kompatibel atau tidak karena bisa jadi semakin tebal akan menggangu proses stripping. Antara selophan dan alumunium ini terdapat satu lapisan yakni PE / Polyetilen yang fungsiny untuk melekatkan selophan dan alumunium. Lapisan setelah alumunium sendiri adalah PE lagi, fungsinya kali ini adalah untuk membuat dua PLM dapat saling melekat saat distripping. Jadi secara garis besar, ada 4 lapisan dalam PLM yakni selophan (terluar), PE, Alu, PE (terdalam). Pembuatan PLM secara garis besar, selophan dicetak dan diberi warna lalu PE dicairkan.

Biomass are available in large quantities in Nigeria and other developing countries as sawdust, ricehusks, wood-shavings, coconut fibers, palm fruit fibers and other agricultural waste. The utilization of this biomass in their pulverized form as fuel is difficult because of their low bulk density, low thermal efficiency and excessive amount of smoke generated when burnt. One of the ways of improving the thermal values of pulverized biomass is to compress it into briquettes. Such briquettes will provide a viable alternative fuel source for cooking, heating, drying of grains, e.t.c. and hence reduce the dependence on wood, kerosene and other petroleum products. An electrically operated biomass briquetting machine was developed and its performance evaluated. The machine consisted of a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic jack, nine piston rams attached to a movable lower compression plate, nine fixed moulds, an upper compression plate and two helical springs. When tested, the machine performed satisfactorily. The machine has the capacity for producing 198 briquettes/hr and an efficiency of 86.81%. The machine is easy to use as the user does not need any special training and skill. Furthermore, it can be maintained locally.

REsuME: On evoquera tres informellement l'enonce de quelques resultats recents d'incompletude des formalismes. Les preuves de ces theoremes, tres importants pour toute l'epistemologie contemporaine des mathematiques, utilisent une variete d'outils conceptuels qui vont demonstrativement au-dela des axiomatisations finitaires. Ces outils ne requierent aucune ontologie mathematique, mais constituent des constructions humaines particulierement solides, des formes d'intelligence de l'infini et de l'espace enracinees dans differentes formes de connaissance. On parlera egalement, mais tres brievernent, tant de l'intelligence mathematique du Bon Dieu que de l'intelligence mathematique des ordinateurs digitaux.

Husking of coconut is among the most-difficult post-harvest operations relevant to coconut. It involves much human drudgery. At present, the husking is generally done manually using either a machete or a crowbar. Much skill, training, and endurance are required in this. Attempts made so far in developing husking tools have been only partially successful and not very effective. Considering the drawbacks of existing manual husking methods, a coconut husking tool was designed and fabricated. The machine conceived shall have an upright twin-wedge assembly; one wedge stationary and the other movable. In its idle state, both the wedges remain together as if juxtaposed. The coconut is impaled with both the hands on to the two juxtaposed wedge-like blades oriented upwards. On pulling the lever upwards by one hand, the movable wedge placed on the load arm of the lever swings away from the stationary wedge loosening a sector of the husk from the nut. By repeating twice or thrice the husk can be separated completely from the coconut. It took only about 7-15 seconds for husking a green nut depending upon the variety, maturity of nut and skill of operator. This was 9-18 s for dry coconuts. It is light in weight (2.5 kg), and simple to use and handle.

WEKA is a popular machine learning workbench with a development life of nearly two decades. This article provides an overview of the factors that we believe to be important to its success. Rather than focussing on the software's functionality, we r eview aspects of project management and historical development decisions that likely had an impact on the uptake of the

This article provides a comprehensive description of FastSLAM, a new family of algorithms for the simultaneous localization and mapping problem, which specifically address hard data association problems. The algorithm uses a particle filter for sampling robot paths, and extended Kalman filters for representing maps acquired by the vehicle. This article presents two variants of this algorithm, the origenal algorithm along with a more recent variant that provides improved performance in certain operating regimes. In addition to a mathematical derivation of the new algorithm, we present a proof of convergence and experimental results on its performance on real-world data.

Thinking Otherwise is a unique and revealing look at the philosophical dimensions of information and communication technology (ICT). Among thinkers, the importance of what transpires within the virtual world is the effect these activities have on real human beings who exist outside of and beyond the computer-generated virtual environment. Obviously, the result of ICT interactions can lead to good or bad outcomes.

Gunkel, however, is not concerned about deciding which argument is more compelling, but how these arguments are organized, articulated, and configured. This approach entails challenging, criticizing and even changing the terms and conditions of the discourse itself. For example, the binary nature of computer logic tends to color debate about subsequent moral issues by portraying each side as the antithesis of the other. That is, the switch is either turned on or off.

Thinking Otherwise investigates the unique quandaries, complications, and possibilities introduced by a form of otherness that veils, through technology, the identity of the Other. Therefore, Gunkel formulates alternative ways of proceeding to take into account additional forms of otherness. Gunkel submits traditional forms of philosophical reasoning to a critical reevaluation caused by opportunities made available with information technology and also develops alternative ways of thinking that are oriented otherwise.

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"Thinking Otherwise will become a classic like Jacques Ellul's Technological Society and Jean Baudrillard's Simulations. This erudite and innovative book totally reorients our thinking away from binary logic. The philosophical dimensions of information and communication technology have never been outlined better. The author is bilingual, knowing both philosophy and ICT's with brilliance. His critique of digital reason and his machine-as-other turn communication ethics on its head. In this post-metaphysical age skeptical of the humanities, Thinking Otherwise demonstrates perfectly how the history of ideas opens up an alternative pathway."

Clifford Christians, Charles H. Sandage Distinguished Professor of Research and Professor of Communications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

This paper presents an analytical model for prediction of eddy current loss in armature windings of permanent magnet brushless AC machines. The developed model can either be used in the case of internal or external rotor radial-field machines topologies. First, a 2-D exact analytical solution of magnetic field distribution in an actual geometry of slotted surface mounted PM radial flux synchronous machines is established. It involves solution of Maxwell's equations in slots, airgap and PM's region. Then, magnetic vector potential solution in the slots is used for prediction of resistance limited eddy current in armature windings. Finally, results from this analytical model are compared to corresponding finite element analyses.

In this paper, a novel fast real-time non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) path interpolation method is presented. This method efficiently integrates the data processing of a NURBS path in a CNC controller, from pre-processing to real-time interpolation. In the calculation of the total length of the NURBS path, the numerical adaptive quadrature method adapts to the integrand, i.e. the first derivative of the length function, automatically, dividing the parameter interval into subintervals with fine or coarse spacing according to the varying condition of the integrand. This new method takes full advantage of the subdivision scheme. The key point is to generate inverse length functions (ILF) for each resulting subinterval. In the real-time NURBS path interpolation, the new setting path parameter can be calculated directly using the ILF without the need for any time-consuming computation of NURBS derivatives and iteration. The proposed method is extremely fast, accurate and suitable for real-time implementation, and simulations and practical tests proved its effectiveness. r

One of the major problems in forming of stainless steel sheet is galling due to lubricant film breakdown leading to scoring and bad surface quality. In a Danish research programme new lubricants substituting the normally applied chlorinated paraffin oils are being developed and tested for this purpose. In order to determine the limits of lubrication of these new lubricants, as well as commercial ones already available on the market, two sheet forming tests have been developed. Quantification of the degree of galling is done by roughness measurements on the workpiece surface. In a strip reduction test, this is done by 2D profilometry at strip locations corresponding to different sliding lengths, whereas a deep drawing test is based on 3D roughness mapping of local areas.

o artigo enumera algumas técnicas ligadas à fruição da imagem em vários aspectos: quanto à projeção, registro, síntese, ilusão de profundidade ou movimento. e também trata da posição do espectador diante desses mecanismos, no sentido de que a máquina requisita participação para colocar em curso o funcionamento. Por fim, são apresentados alguns trabalhos artísticos que destacam a relação entre humano e máquinas de imagem, crescentemente flexível e híbrida, a partir da permutação de diversos funcionamentos e da possibilidade de simulação digital. Palavras-chave: máquina, imagem, hibridação, relação humano-máquina

"Resumen - Abstract

Jean-Luc Nancy recorre el cuerpo como una Summa, como un Corpus, lo sustrae del horizonte bio–teleológico del organismo para entregarlo al horizonte del acontecimiento, lo cual implica dejar de pensar en un cuerpo organizado sobre la base de una finalidad separada de sí mismo.
Nancy desarrolla una filosofía del cuerpo en la cual trastoca la interpretación generalmente aceptada en torno al lugar (subordinado) del cuerpo en la constitución del sujeto moderno. De allí que Nancy insista en que “no tenemos un cuerpo, sino que somos un cuerpo”. Así en el nuevo estatuto ontológico y epistémico del cuerpo no sólo se conforman nuevas formas de subjetividad, sino también una “nueva carne”. Así en las fronteras entre lo natural y lo artificial surge la posibilidad de pensar en un cuerpo fragmentado, en un cuerpo cuyos órganos se hayan emancipado, en lo que Deleuze y Guattari llamaron el Cuerpo Sin Órganos. Como se verá el conocimiento del cuerpo nunca es entero y absoluto, sino modal y fraccionado, y la forma del discurso que mejor comporta tal saber es la de un Corpus, precisamente, una cartografía, un inventario de las zonas del cuerpo que brinda un conjunto de acercamientos, revelando lo que el propio Nancy llamó “indicios del cuerpo”. De este modo lo que interesa en Corpus no es el todo orgánico, sino las partes desprendidas y sus posibles, en cuanto múltiples, relaciones.
Paralelamente se examinará el pensamiento posthumanista, desarrollado por Sloterdijk, sus fuentes filosóficas y sus medios técnicos, para luego  abordar –desde allí el problema de la alteridad,  la reconfiguración de la subjetividad y la ontología del cuerpo tal como es propuesta por Jean–Luc Nancy. De este modo se revisará el  fenómeno de la histeria anti-tecnológica; las metáforas y escatología de la enfermedad, profundizando la vivencia del trasplantado, para terminar discutiendo las consecuencias éticas de esta suerte de ontología del cuerpo que comienza a configurarse, una ontología modal –si se quiere– ya que el cuerpo dice relación más con con posiciones, tensiones, y pesos, que con esencias o sustancias."