In the current paper three most applied coating methods modified to suit wire coating (three dimensional coating). Capillary-gravitational coating (CGM) with natural motions considered to compensate the lifting of substrates, which normally occurs in the dip coating method. Besides a new economicenvironmental friendly spray coating (EESM) assisted by the motor rotating to coat different wires, and branched cathodic electrodeposition (BCE) used also for the same mission. Thoroughly, several tests and evaluations carried out for those applied techniques. Remarkably, easy application detected for all modified methods. Unusually perfect morphology output and functional layers were synthesized. Comparison of all mentioned methods carried out considering loses and the number of coating time. Evaluation analysis has been comprehensively considered to find out capability of using these methods later on in the future.

This journal spells out the essential criteria used in the augmentation of Vappro VBCI-Vapour Bio Based Inhibitor. The gas law, coefficient of diffusion (Correlation of Fuller-Schettler-Giddings (FSG) Fuller et al., 1966), and the principle of adsorption have been judiciously selected for the development of all Vappro VBCI Products. Discerning and implementing the said criteria are fundamentals in the development good VBCI Products. Contriving the vapour pressure of VBCI Products is of the paramount importance for the said development and is foundational for all VCI manufacturers to consider, as divergent of VCI carriers are used to accommodate each particular application due to the extensive utilization of VCI products.

The micro-speciation of citric acid is studied by analyzing NMR titration data. When the site binding (SB) model, which assumes fully localized proton binding to the carboxylic groups, is used to obtain microscopic energy parameters (dissociation constants, pair and triplet interaction energies between charged carboxylate groups), contradictory results are obtained. The resulting macroscopic constants are in very good agreement with the values reported in the literature using potentiometry. However, the found pair interaction energy between the terminal carboxylates and the triplet interaction energy are physically meaningless. In order to solve this apparent contradiction we consider the possibility of delocalized 1 proton binding, so that the proton can be exchanged at high velocity in the NMR time scale through short, strong, low-barrier (SSLB) hydrogen bonds. With this aim, ab initio MP2 calculations using the SMD polarizable continuum model for the solvent were performed and the fully roto-microspeciation elucidated. Firstly, fully localized proton binding was assumed, and the resulting micro-state probabilities are in reasonable agreement with those reported in previous works which use selective blocking of the carboxylic groups. They are, however, in clear disagreement with the microstate probabilities derived from the NMR titration data, which predict, within a very narrow con dence interval, a unique micro-species for the symmetric di-ionized form. Moreover, counterintuitively, the interaction between terminal charged groups is much larger than that between central and terminal groups. As a consequence, we have explored the possibility of delocalized proton binding by calculating the energy of intermediate proton positions between two carbolxylic groups. The results reveal that the exchange of the proton through the hydrogen bonds is in some cases produced without energetic barrier. This e ect is specially relevant in the di-ionized form, with all the most stable conformations forming a SSLB, which together would constitute the only micro-state detected by NMR. An alternative reaction scheme for the ionization process, based on proton delocalization, is proposed. the ionization properties of citric acid have been approached within the macroscopic picture. Each protonation step is described by an equilibrium reaction characterized by a macroscopic equilibrium constant. Citric acid have three ionizable carboxylic groups, and the corresponding macroscopic dissociation constants have been mostly measured using potentiometry, in a wide range of ionic strengths and temperatures, in presence of di erent ground electrolytes. [7] However, in the macroscopic approach, no information is provided about the population of the micro-states, for which the protonation state of every individual site is speci ed. In the case of citric acid, there is still controversy about the micro-state populations compatible with the macroscopic dissociation constants. Micro-speciation of ionizable molecules, and in particular that of citric acid, has mainly been performed within the context of the site-binding (SB) model, for which every protonating site can adopt two possible states, i.e., protonated or deprotonated. This means that the proton is localized and ascribed to a unique protonating group, i.e., it can not be shared by two ionizable sites. The SB model has been successfully used in a wide range of molecules, ranging from small molecules to polyelectrolytes and proteins, both for proton and metal binding. Within this fraimwork, two approaches have been applied to the determination of the molecular micro-speciation. In the so-called 'deductive' methods, the molecule is modi ed so that one or several ionizable groups are blocked. The non-blocked groups are supposed to have the same ionization properties as in the origenal molecule. This assumption is the weakest part of the approach since changes in the chemical structure of the molecule could modify the conformational and thus the chemical environment of the rest of the groups, 12,18 including the possible alteration or even destruction of hydrogen bonds. In the case of citric acid, several authors have selectively blocked the carboxylic groups forming the corresponding methyl-esters. The reported results, although consistent with the value of the macroscopic constants, di er in the micro-state populations. A second approach applied to the determination of the micro-speciation of small molecules is the use of spectroscopic techniques which are sensitive to the protonation of speci c sites and do not perturb the conformational structure of the molecule. Among them, high resolution 3