Objective: To evaluate the acceptance and effectiveness of repetitive nutrition-related text messages on college students' nutrition knowledge and fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants: 150 undergraduate (18-24 y) non-health major students with a texting mobile phone. Methods: The intervention group received biweekly text messages of the MyPlate icon and the USDA's Dietary Guidelines (DGs) for 7 weeks. The control group received the same information in a mailed brochure. A pre-and post-online survey assessed the students' knowledge and behavior. Results: The intervention resulted in greater MyPlate food group recognition (p<0.05) compared to control and a trend toward improved knowledge of the DGs. In the intervention group, fruit consumption was elevated (p<0.05) and a trend toward elevated vegetable consumption was determined. No gender differences in intervention effectiveness exist. Conclusion: Texting repeated messages appears to be an acceptable and effective way to increase nutrition knowledge and promote positive diet-related behaviors in college students.

Many studies have measured the prevalence of mental health issues amongst the student population. Of note in the literature is the absence of help-seeking amongst most sufferers. Several barriers to help-seeking have been identified in the literature. While in many cases treatment facilities are available, the literature is strangely quiet on attempts to overcome these barriers. In this paper we detail a series of studies and experiments designed to overcome such barriers. These involve the most common, and indeed, preferred method of communication amongst students, namely texting. Texts were sent on a fortnightly basis to students at an Irish third level institution. Intermittently, texts exhorting help-seeking were broadcast to all students, and the responses of students measured. Attitudes to receiving texts from the college were also evaluated. Our conclusions suggest that students do not object to receiving texts on a regular basis from the college, provided they are about college matters, and that such texting has a role to play in encouraging reluctant and needy students to avail of college counseling services. As we are seeking to persuade through technology, the application of captology (Computers as persuasive technology) to help-seeking by text is also discussed.

Background: Social networking and digital media increasingly have an impact on the lives of young people. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined the relationship between exposure to sexually explicit websites (SEWs) and ‘sexting’ (i.e. sending semi-nude or nude photos from a mobile phone) and the sexual attitudes and practices of young people. Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses statement, Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched for papers that described the statistical association between viewing SEWs or sexting by young people (defined as 10–24 years) and their sexual attitudes and behaviours. Results: Fourteen studies, all cross-sectional in design, met the inclusion criteria. Six studies (10 352 participants) examined young people’s exposure to SEWs and eight (10 429 participants) examined sexting. There was substantial variation across studies in exposure and outcome definitio...

Zambia has high HIV prevalence and low voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) rates, heightening the need for effective VMMC demand generation strategies for HIV prevention. A 3-arm randomized controlled trial measured the impact of 2 short message service (SMS) campaigns on self-reported and verified VMMC uptake over 6 months in Lusaka Province. The study enrolled 2312 uncircumcised males aged 15-30 previously subscribed on Zambia U-Report, an existing SMS platform providing confidential, free counseling services relevant to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Participants in the &quot;Conventional&quot; campaign group received a standard package of messages promoting VMMC. Messages sent to the &quot;Tailored&quot; campaign group were targeted at participants&#39; intention level to get circumcised. The control group had routine counselor access through SMS. Data were collected using SMS surveys, and verification of self-reported VMMC uptake used health facility clie...

Objective: Pharmacologic treatment for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) is critical to prevent adverse clinical outcomes. In a randomized controlled trial, we compared antiplatelet and statin adherence among patients with CHD who received: (1) text messages (TM) for medication reminders and education, (2) educational TM only, or (3) No TM. Methods: A mobile health intervention delivered customized TM for 30 days. We assessed and analyzed medication adherence with electronic monitoring devices [Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS)] by one-way ANOVA and Welch tests, two-way TM response rates by t-tests, and self-reported adherence (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) by Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: Among 90 patients (76% male, mean age 59.2 years), MEMS revealed patients who received TM for antiplatelets had a higher percentage of correct doses taken (p = 0.02), percentage number of doses taken (p = 0.01), and percentage of prescribed doses taken on schedule (p = 0.01). TM response rates were higher for antiplatelets than statins (p = 0.005). Self-reported adherence revealed no significant differences among groups. Conclusion: TM increased adherence to antiplatelet therapy demonstrated by MEMS and TM responses. Practice implications: Feasibility and high satisfaction were established. Mobile health interventions show promise in promoting medication adherence.

Mobile phones have been shown effective in several public health domains. However, there are few evaluations of the effectiveness of mobile health in health promotion. Also, although many studies have referenced behavioral theory, none appears to have explicitly tested theoretical assumptions or demonstrated mechanisms of change. More robust evaluation models that incorporate theory and measurement of behavioral mediators are needed. As in all public health programs, mobile health operates within a social ecological context. For example, organizational- and individual-level programs seek to influence health and health care practices and individual health behaviors. New programs such as Text4baby demonstrate how theory and explicit testing of mediators can be incorporated in evaluations. There are challenges and opportunities facing mHealth evaluations given the nature of the mobile channel. Mobile communication is ubiquitous, available at all times and places, and thus experimental control is often difficult. Natural experiments using variation in dosage of mHealth and place- or location-based designs may increase experimental control. Text4baby is a text messaging program that provides prenatal care messages to pregnant women and new mothers. It uses a partnership model with health care facilities often serving as local implementation partners. The authors review a case example of the evaluation of Text4baby at Madigan Army Medical Center. Participants were randomized to usual prenatal care plus text messaging or usual care alone. The evaluation has a theoretical model of behavior change and measures mediators as well as behavioral outcomes. Results will inform how behavioral theory works within mobile health programs.

Background Turnaround time (TAT) is an important indicator of laboratory performance. It is often difficult to achieve fast TAT for blood tests conducted at clinics in developing countries. This is because clinics where the patient is treated are often far away from the laboratory, and transporting blood samples and test results between the two locations creates significant delay.

In emergencies governments have long utilised broadcasting media like radio and television to disseminate up-to-date real-time information to citizens. In the same context, however, some other technologies like mobile location-based services have not been utilised to full extent or potential. The value of such services could be foreseen in the case of critical situations where the coordination of emergency management procedures with location-awareness activities is paramount. This paper tracks the introduction of locationaware services in the realm of emergency management. It investigates case studies where text messaging has been exploited to deliver safety information and early warnings to users based on the availability of their location information. This paper also examines the reasons for not adopting and using technologies like cell broadcasting at present.

Using a panel study design, we examined the effects of different types of texting bans on motor vehicular fatalities. We used the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and a difference-in-differences approach to examine the incidence of fatal crashes in 2000 through 2010 in 48 US states with and without texting bans. Age cohorts were constructed to examine the impact of these bans on age-specific traffic fatalities. Primarily enforced laws banning all drivers from texting were significantly associated with a 3% reduction in traffic fatalities in all age groups, and those banning only young drivers from texting had the greatest impact on reducing deaths among those aged 15 to 21 years. Secondarily enforced restrictions were not associated with traffic fatality reductions in any of our analyses.

As use of handheld multimedia devices has exploded globally, safety experts have begun to consider the impact of distraction while talking, text-messaging, or listening to music on traffic safety. This study was designed to test how talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music may influence pedestrian safety. 138 college students crossed an interactive, semi-immersive virtual pedestrian street. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups: crossing while talking on the phone, crossing while texting, crossing while listening to a personal music device, or crossing while undistracted. Participants distracted by music or texting were more likely to be hit by a vehicle in the virtual pedestrian environment than were undistracted participants. Participants in all three distracted groups were more likely to look away from the street environment (and look toward other places, such as their telephone or music device) than were undistracted participants. Findings were maintained after controlling for demographics, walking frequency, and media use frequency. Distraction from multimedia devices has a small but meaningful impact on college students’ pedestrian safety. Future research should consider the cognitive demands of pedestrian safety, and how those processes may be impacted by distraction. Policymakers might consider ways to protect distracted pedestrians from harm and to reduce the number of individuals crossing streets while distracted.► Talking, texting, or listening to music may impact college student pedestrian safety. ► 138 students randomly assigned to cross a virtual street undistracted or distracted. ► Music or texting distraction caused greater likelihood of collision with vehicles. ► All distracted individuals looked away from the street environment more often. ► Multimedia device distraction has small but meaningful impact on pedestrian safety.

This is a Product Specification Documentation on WhatsApp I did, as part of a small project.

The documentation covers he problem statement which was the reason behind its birth. I've also talked about a typical user profile along with user goals and use cases. How WhatsApp will help and what will be the different types of requirements.

This paper analyses the methods of intelligent spam filtering techniques in the SMS (Short Message Service) text paradigm, in the context of mobile text message spam. The unique characteristics of the SMS contents are indicative of the fact that all approaches may not be equally effective or efficient. This paper compares some of the popular spam filtering techniques on a publically available SMS spam corpus, to identify the methods that work best in the SMS text context. This can give hints on optimized spam detection for mobile text messages.

Mobile phone can serve as powerful tool for world-wide communication. A system is developed to remotely monitor process through spoken commands using mobile. Mel cepstrum features are extracted from spoken words. Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network is used for recognition of various words used in the command. The accuracy of spoken commands is about 98%. A text message is generated and sent to control system mobile in form of SMS. On receipt of SMS, control system mobile informs AVR micro-controller based card, which performs specified task. The system alerts user in case of occurrence of any abnormal conditions like power failure, loss of control, etc. Other applications where this approach can be extended are also discussed.

It is unknown if &quot;sexting&quot; (i.e., sending/receiving sexually explicit cell phone text or picture messages) is associated with sexual activity and sexual risk behavior among early adolescents, as has been found for high school students. To date, no published data have examined these relationships exclusively among a probability sample of middle school students. A probability sample of 1285 students was collected alongside the 2012 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in Los Angeles middle schools. Logistic regressions assessed the correlates of sexting behavior and associations between sexting and sexual activity and risk behavior (ie, unprotected sex). Twenty percent of students with text-capable cell phone access reported receiving a sext and 5% reported sending a sext. Students who text at least 100 times per day were more likely to report both receiving (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4) and sending (OR: 4.5) sexts and to be sexually active (OR: 4.1). Students who sent sexts (OR: 3.2) and st...

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of fatality and acquired disability in adolescents, and young inexperienced drivers are overrepresented in crashes. The perspective of teens on motor vehicle crash risk has not been explored previously.

We present a simple queueing model to analyze the SMS capacity of a GSM cellular network. The analy- sis is based on a detailed study of GSM channels and their usage by SMS and other traffic. We saw that SMS is sent on the same control channels that are used by voice call set-up and location updates. Our results show

We examined the development of face-to-face (FTF) social networks and mobile/cell phone text message (MPTM)mediated social networks, and gender differences in the social network structure of 64 male and 68 female first-year undergraduate students. Social network analysis showed that MPTM social networks consisted of dyadic relationships, and its growth was slower than FTF social networks. The intimacy of friends who communicate via both FTF and MPTM was rated higher than those who communicate only via FTF. The structure of MPTM social networks coincided with known gender differences in network characteristics. Females tended to expand their MPTM social networks more than males. These findings suggest that patterns of interpersonal relationships for MPTM social networks corresponded to selective interpersonal relationship theory.

As use of handheld multimedia devices has exploded globally, safety experts have begun to consider the impact of distraction while talking, text-messaging, or listening to music on traffic safety. This study was designed to test how talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music may influence pedestrian safety. 138 college students crossed an interactive, semi-immersive virtual pedestrian street. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups: crossing while talking on the phone, crossing while texting, crossing while listening to a personal music device, or crossing while undistracted. Participants distracted by music or texting were more likely to be hit by a vehicle in the virtual pedestrian environment than were undistracted participants. Participants in all three distracted groups were more likely to look away from the street environment (and look toward other places, such as their telephone or music device) than were undistracted participants. Findings were maintained after controlling for demographics, walking frequency, and media use frequency. Distraction from multimedia devices has a small but meaningful impact on college students' pedestrian safety. Future research should consider the cognitive demands of pedestrian safety, and how those processes may be impacted by distraction. Policymakers might consider ways to protect distracted pedestrians from harm and to reduce the number of individuals crossing streets while distracted.

The proliferation and ease of access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as Facebook, text messaging, and instant messaging has resulted in ICT users being presented with more
real-time streaming data than ever before. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in individuals increasingly engaging in multitasking as an information management strategy. The purpose of this study was to examine how college students multitask with ICTs and to determine the impacts of this multitasking on their college grade point average (GPA). Using web survey data from a large sample of college students at one university (N ¼ 1839), we found that students reported spending a large amount of time using ICTs on a daily basis. Students reported frequently searching for content not related to courses, using Facebook, emailing, talking on their cell phones, and texting while doing schoolwork. Hierarchical (blocked) linear regression analyses revealed that using Facebook and texting while doing schoolwork were
negatively associated with overall college GPA. Engaging in Facebook use or texting while trying to complete schoolwork may tax students’ capacity for cognitive processing and preclude deeper learning. Our research indicates that the type and purpose of ICT use matters in terms of the educational impacts of multitasking.

The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) is providing a set of recommendations designed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with distractions due to texting while driving. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 12% of all fatal crashes involving at least one distracted driver are estimated to be related to cell phone use while driving. Given the combination of visual, manual, and cognitive distractions posed by texting, this is an issue of major public health concern for communities. Therefore, the ACPM feels it is timely to discuss this issue and provide the following recommendations: 1. Encourage state legislatures to develop and pass legislation banning texting while driving, while simultaneously implementing comprehensive and dedicated law enforcement strategies including penalties for these violations. Legislatures should establish a public awareness campaign regarding the dangers of texting while driving as an integral part of t...

Cyberbullying has recently emerged as a new form of bullying and harassment. 360 adolescents (12-20 years), were surveyed to examine the nature and extent of cyberbullying in Swedish schools. Four categories of cyberbullying (by text message, email, phone call and picture/video clip) were examined in relation to age and gender, perceived impact, telling others, and perception of adults becoming aware of such bullying. There was a significant incidence of cyberbullying in lower secondary schools, less in sixth-form colleges. Gender differences were few. The impact of cyberbullying was perceived as highly negative for picture/video clip bullying. Cybervictims most often chose to either tell their friends or no one at all about the cyberbullying, so adults may not be aware of cyberbullying, and (apart from picture/video clip bullying) this is how it was perceived by pupils. Findings are discussed in relation to similarities and differences between cyberbullying and the more traditional forms of bullying.

The omnipresence of student-owned information and communication technologies (ICTs) in today’s college classrooms presents educational opportunities but can also create learning problems. Specifically, multitasking with these technologies can interfere with the learning process. Indeed, research in cognitive science shows that there are clear performance decrements when trying to attend to two tasks at the same time. This study examines the frequency with which students multitask during class using a large sample (N = 1,839) and examines the relationship between multitasking and academic performance as measured by actual overall semester grade point average (GPA). Students reported frequently text messaging during class but reported multitasking with other ICTs to a lesser extent. Furthermore, only social technologies (Facebook and text messaging) were negatively related to GPA.

We studied the dominant messages about animals in television commercials and the ways these messages might be subject to alternative readings. Six primary themes captured the portrayal of animals in the advertisements: animals as loved ones (e.g., a member of a family), as symbols (representation of logos or ideas), as tools (using animals for human use or consumption), as allegories, as nuisances, and animals in nature. Many of the commercials had multiple themes, indicating the varied, multilayered messages about animals in advertising and the different value and use categories that humans assign to different nonhuman animal species, upholding the ideology of the U.S. political economy. Finally, most of the animal portrayals were not anthropomorphized; those that were given human characteristics were typically part of a multithemed message that portrayed animals as allegories. Many of the animal images reinforced human gender and racial boundaries. This research establishes the importance of incorporating the study of nonhuman animals in sociological theory and research, particularly the animal image in popular culture and its connection to the portrayal of other outgroups, such as women and racial minorities.

Background: Persistently poor glycemic control in adult type 1 diabetes patients is a common, complex, and serious problem initiating significant damage to the cardiovascular, renal, neural, and visual systems. Currently, there is a plethora of low-cost and free diabetes self-management smartphone applications available in online stores.

Look around on any bus, in any restaurant, or standing in any line and people are text messaging. Likewise, most teenagers in America are nearly inseparable from their cell phones, not because they are constantly talking, but because they are connecting with their friends through text messaging. Although cell phones are banned in most K-12 schools, students are text messaging constantly there as well. Few adults, including teachers and administrators, understand how and why adolescents and young adults are using text messaging or how to harness text messaging capabilities in the classroom. This literature review examines the limited amount of research on the practice of text messaging for adolescents and young adults (ages 11-21), focusing on the motivation, means, and methods of text messaging. In addition, it considers how adults have successfully engaged text messaging to assess and inform youth about health-related issues. In this light, some current educational uses of text messaging are highlighted, along with implications for future research.

It is widely accepted that lol means laugh out loud, and it is also widely known that it rarely if ever refers to laughing (McWhorter, 2013). Lol appears in a wide variety of texted contexts, sometimes as a moment of laughter or an offer of empathy, at other times it appears to apply a sarcastic tone or ask for favors. In the Spanish/English BYTs (Bilingual Youth Texts) Corpus (a collection of over 50,000 text messages sent by urban young adults in 2015), it occurs in 12% of all messages, and is the most commonly used word in the entire corpus. For many researchers, it is the most identifiable item that signals the Txt register (Crystal, 2011; Uygur-Distexhe, 2014). Even the most recent work on this topic attempts to identify what lol means (Tagliamonte, 2016). By shifting our perspective just slightly and asking rather what lol does, its role in communication is readily apparent and has significant implications for the role that the Txt language register has on language more broadly.

In this talk, I take the perspective that lol is a purely pragmatic particle signaling a mismatch between the locutionary force (literal meaning), and the illocutionary force (intended meaning) of a text message. By adopting this perspective, the seemingly disparate uses of lol are accounted for and its overwhelming presence in the Txt register is explained. As opposed to other pragmatic particles that do discourse work in text messaging (i.e., ok, which appears in 4% of all messages), lol evolved specifically to meet a linguistic need in Txt. The role that lol plays in text messaging is unique for English because unlike other pragmatic particles, it does not have a discourse function. Lol serves instead to overtly encode a pragmatic function that (in face-to-face conversations) is usually encoded non-verbally.

Originally people were only able to communicate over long distances through phone and calls and sometimes these were not the most appropriate methods. So text messaging was developed as a means through which communication could be made easier and faster. Over time it has adapted into becoming the most used communication platform. It is now a part of people’s lives and has indeed revolutionized the way we communicate with each other.
Text messaging earlier had limits on the length of messages that could be sent. So people started to abbreviate words to use less space so more could be sent. So it can be said that text messaging did bring about the use of abbreviations and short forms in texting.
        Based on my research, there is a connection between text messaging and students’ literacy. Text messaging entirely changed the way we communicate with each other meaning students have also had the way they communicate changed by texting.  Students when introduced to texting have experienced either positive or negative changes in their literacy as we can gather from the research.
          Text messaging is said to have helped students’ literacy in various ways as illustrated in chapter 2.  In ways such as boosting spelling, advanced literary skills and so on text messaging has positively contributed to students’’ literacy.
        Negative effects have also come out of text messaging with regards to students’ literacy. Students are distracted more than often while texting and more errors in grammar and spelling have been noticed as students use of text messaging has increased.
          Text messaging cannot be taken away entirely from students as it has become a vital part of their means of communication but the presence of it causes daily academic problems for these students who are even aware of it. So it can’t really be labelled as beneficial or not because it comes with presents both pros and cons for students.

Codeswitching (CS) in SMS-Kommunikation wird definiert als Wechsel von kommunikativen Codes innerhalb einer SMS, wobei ein Code durch eine natürliche Sprache, eine Pseudosprache, ein visuelles Diamorph oder einen (pikto)grafischen Code konstituiert werden kann. Neben Insertionen und Alternationen wird die Kategorie der isolierten Items eingeführt. Diese Art des emblematischen CSs kann stattfinden, auch wenn User nur eine minimale fremdsprachliche Kompetenz besitzen. Allerdings existieren auch syntaktisch und morphologisch komplexere Alternationen, die von einer entwickelten mehrsprachigen Kompetenz zeugen, sowie Beispiele für polylingual languaging, wo CS nicht als lokal bedeutsam interpretiert wird. In der funktionalen Analyse wird gezeigt, dass sowohl der Wechsel als auch die Codes an sich Bedeutung tragen. Deutlich wird auch das Zusammenspiel von Position des CSs, seiner kommunikativen Funktion und der verwendeten Sprache. Darüber hinaus wird interphrastisches CS für die Diskursstrukturierung eingesetzt, intraphrastisches dient der Erhöhung der Referenzialität und dem Ausdruck der Zugehörigkeit des Users zu einem bestimmten soziokulturellen Setting. Die Analyse der soziodemografischen Daten zeigt, dass nur ein Teil der analysierten sprachlichen Variablen von außersprachlichen Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Die Clusteranalyse zeigt Usergruppen mit ähnlichen sprachlichen Merkmalen, die sich jeweils anhand von CS-Typ und Sprache signifikant voneinander unterscheiden.

Digital media, including the Internet, social networking sites, text messaging, and mobile applications, are ubiquitous among adolescents and young adults. These platforms enable users to obtain important information on a multitude of health topics, they may facilitate risk-taking behaviors, and they can be key components of health interventions. The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature on digital media and sexually transmitted infections, discussing their role in potentiating and reducing risk. This review demonstrates adolescents&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; use of digital media to gather information on health topics and discusses significant privacy concerns regarding using media to explore sexual health information. Although several studies demonstrate an association between social media and increased sexual risk-taking behaviors, this relationship is not fully understood. Digital media-based interventions are increasingly being developed to either reduce risk or improve management of sexually transmitted infections. As greater numbers of adolescents use digital media, the potential for these platforms to influence sexual risk-taking behaviors is significant. Additional research is needed to better understand the impact of digital media on sexually transmitted infection risk and to develop social media-based interventions to improve sexually transmitted infection outcomes.

This article is an abbreviated version of the BAICE Presidential Address held at the 11th UKFIET International Conference in Oxford on September 16, 2011. It discusses debates on the use of a foreign and ex-colonial language as a language of instruction (LOI) in African schools and argues that the quality of education cannot be seen as an issue separate from

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This dissertation reports on a research project to identify the multiple types of language skills that urban emergent bilingual youth possess. The participants in this study are Spanish-dominant bilingual young adults enrolled in a high school completion program in New York City. They are in the process of developing both Spanish and English academic literacy skills, and it is well known that they tend to perform below the grade they are enrolled in. For this reason, they are often referred to as being “language-less” (DeCapua & Marshall, 2011; Freeman, Freeman, & Mercuri, 2002) in an academic setting. Yet, little was previously known about their linguistic skills in other language forms such as social and Txt. This research seeks to understand and document their abilities across language forms and modalities, painting a composite picture of non-traditional bilinguals students’ linguistic skills.
The aims of this dissertation are achieved through three different approaches. The first is a quantitative study into participants’ literacy skills through the use of assessments measuring academic literacy and social language awareness across written, aural, and digital modalities. The second is an in-depth analysis of the features participants use when texting. Txt is a relatively new language form, and the analysis presented in this dissertation identifies the features and patterns that illustrate its systematic and constrained nature. The third approach is a case study focused on the texting behavior between two prolific texters. The theories developed based on the texting patterns of all participants (except those two texters) are applied to this one conversation for validation. This conversation constitutes more than half of the text messages that students contributed to the project, highlighting just how important this language form is in the daily life of young adults.
A final component of this dissertation is the public availability of the text messages as an anonymized corpus along with the code and methods used to analyze the data. The text message corpus is included here as a .csv file as well as an SQL file. The code is included as a zipfile of my GitHub Repository. These files are also available at www.byts.commons.gc.cuny.edu

This research assesses the value of the brand personality and its influence on consumer's decision making, through relational variables, after receiving a text message ad. An empirical study, in which 380 participants have received an SMS ad, confirms that brand personality does actually influence the brand trust as well as the attachment and commitment. The levels of sensitivity and involvement have an impact on the brand personality and the related variables to it.

This paper focuses on the use of SMS [text messaging] and its impact on the transformation of formal language in the Bangladeshi context. In particular, it discusses: a) patterns of SMS usage among Bangladeshi youth; b) the factors contributing to the transformation of language due to SMS usage; and c) gender and institutional differences of the SMS language influence among University of Dhaka and private university students of the country. A random sample of 300 youth studying in different faculties of Dhaka University and nine private universities responded to self-tailored questionnaires. The results reveal that Bangladeshi youth are significantly affected by current trend of SMS communication. The youth practice code-switching, and code-mixing; break grammatical rules; use abbreviations and short forms, symbols and emoticons, and use abusive words; and form new slang words. The study found major gender and institutional differences in several aspects of SMS use.

To examine the relation between &quot;sexting&quot; (sending and sharing sexual photos online, via text messaging, and in person) with sexual risk behaviors and psychosocial challenge in adolescence. Data were collected online between 2010 and 2011 with 3,715 randomly selected 13- to 18-year-old youth across the United States. Seven percent of youth reported sending or showing someone sexual pictures of themselves, in which they were nude or nearly nude, online, via text messaging, or in person, during the past year. Although females and older youth were more likely to share sexual photos than males and younger youth, the profile of psychosocial challenge and sexual behavior was similar for all youth. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, sharing sexual photos was associated with all types of sexual behaviors assessed (e.g., oral sex, vaginal sex) as well as some of the risky sexual behaviors examined-particularly having concurrent sexual partners and having more past-yea...

This paper examines the use of SMS, or text messaging. It seeks to lay out the potential for use of SMS not only for beneficiary feedback mechanisms, but also for the critical work to carry out participatory planning and evaluation, and inform communities about program aims and activities. The paper will also outline the learning coming out of documented pilots, identify key challenges, and suggest some next steps for the future.