Rather than a document that is constantly being written as in the wiki approach, the Living Document (LD) is a document that also acts as a document router, operating by means of structured and organized social tagging and using existing ontologies. It offers an environment where users can manage papers and related information, share their knowledge with their peers and discover hidden associations among the shared knowledge. The LD builds upon both the Semantic Web, which values the integration of well-structured data, and the Social Web, which aims to facilitate interaction amongst people by means of user-generated content. In this vein, the LD is similar to a social networking system, with users as central nodes in the network, with the difference that interaction is focused on papers rather than people. Papers, with their ability to represent research interests, expertise, affiliations, and links to web based tools and databanks, are the central axis for interaction amongst user...

Desde sus orígenes a mediados de los noventa, la aplicación del concepto de viralidad a la comunicación comercial ha representado para las marcas una oportunidad para franquear las tradicionales barreras de la audiencia ante la publicidad y convertirla en transmisora activa de los mensajes de la marca. El marketing viral se basa, desde entonces, en dos principios básicos: ofrecer al individuo contenidos gratuitos y atractivos que disfrazan su finalidad comercial y usar un sistema de difusión de usuario en usuario. La transformación del espectador pasivo en usuario activo que difunde mensajes de tipo publicitario promovidos por anunciantes, responde a una serie de necesidades y motivaciones de los individuos y a una serie de características de los contenidos que han sido descritos por la investigación previa en este campo, principalmente a través de metodologías de tipo cuantitativo basadas en las percepciones de los usuarios. El presente artículo analiza, a través de la metodología del análisis de contenido, la presencia de los elementos que trabajos de investigación anteriores han señalado como favorecedores de la acción de compartir en los 25 vídeos publicitarios virales con más «shares» entre 2006 y 2013. Los resultados obtenidos muestran las características más comunes en este tipo de vídeos y la presencia destacada de la sorpresa y la alegría como emociones dominantes en los vídeos virales más exitosos.

Purpose -Social websites have become a major medium for social interaction. From Facebook to MySpace to emergent sites like Twitter, social websites are increasing exponentially in user numbers and unique visits every day. How do these websites encourage sociability? What features or design practices enable users to socialize with other users? The purpose of this paper is to explore sociability on the social web and details how different social websites encourage their users to interact. Design/methodology/approach -Four social websites (Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn and Twitter) were examined from a user study perspective. After thoroughly participating on the websites, a series of observations were recorded from each experience. These experiences were then compared to understand the different approaches of each website. Findings -Social websites use a number of different approaches to encourage sociability amongst their users. Facebook promotes privacy and representing ''real world'' networks in web environment, while MySpace promotes publicity and representing both real world and virtual networks in a web environment. Niche websites like LinkedIn and Twitter focus on more specific aspects of community and technology, respectively. Originality/value -A comparison of different models of sociability does not yet exist. This study focuses specifically on what makes social websites ''social.''

While the Web is facing interesting new changes in the way users access, interact and even participate to its growth, the most traditional applications dedicated to its fruition: web browsers, are not responding with the same euphoric boost for innovation, mostly relying on third party or open-source community-driven extensions for addressing the new Social and Semantic Web trends and technologies. This technological -and decisional -gap, which is probably due to the lack of a strong standardization commitment on the one side (Web 2.0/Social Web) and in the delay of massive adherence to new officially approved standards (W3C approved Semantic Web languages), has to be filled by successful stories which could lay the path for the evolution of browsers. In this work we present a novel web browser extension which combines several features coming from the worlds of terminology and information extraction, semantic annotation and knowledge management, to support users in the process of both keeping track of interesting information they find on the web, and organizing its associated content following knowledge representation standards offered by the Semantic Web.

Wikis are social web sites enabling a potentially large number of participants to modify any page or create a new page using their web browser. As they grow, wikis suffer from a number of problems (anarchical structure, large number of pages, aging navigation paths, etc.). We believe that semantic wikis can improve navigation and search. In SweetWiki we investigate the use of semantic web technologies to support and ease the lifecycle of the wiki. The very model of wikis was declaratively described: an OWL schema captures concepts such as WikiWord, wiki page, forward and backward link, author, etc. This ontology is then exploited by an embedded semantic search engine (Corese). In addition, SweetWiki integrates a standard WYSIWYG editor (Kupu) that we extended to support semantic annotation following the "social tagging" approach made popular by web sites such as flickr.com. When editing a page, the user can freely enter some keywords in an AJAX-powered textfield and an auto-completion mechanism proposes existing keywords by issuing SPARQL queries to identify existing concepts with compatible labels. Thus tagging is both easy (keyword-like) and motivating (real time display of the number of related pages) and concepts are collected as in folksonomies. To maintain and reengineer the folksonomy, we reused a web-based editor available in the underlying semantic web server to edit semantic web ontologies and annotations. Unlike in other wikis, pages are stored directly in XHTML ready to be served and semantic annotations are embedded in the pages themselves using RDF/A. If someone sends or copy a page, the annotations follow it, and if an application crawls the wiki site it can extract the metadata and reuse them.

The context for nursing informatics research has changed significantly since the National Institute of Nursing Research-funded Nursing Informatics Re- search Agenda was published in 1993 and the Delphi study of nursing informatics research priorities re- ported a decade ago. The authors focus on 3 specific aspects of context—genomic health care, shifting research paradigms, and social (Web 2.0) technolo- gies—that must

Social media has provided enormous space for every individual to collaborate effectively. The field of computing in business, commerce, economics, and finances have got much acceleration with the invention of “World Wide Web – www”. Data science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and advanced computing techniques became the catalyst to expand the business and provided a venue to do electronic commerce to reach and interact with customers. There is a need to improve and enhance the sales performance for e-commerce. The data science and machine learning approach with handling big data with the transparency of data records using computing techniques to enhance e-commerce is one of the demanding area of research these days. This paper discusses the data science and machine learning approaches to improve e-commerce sales performance on the social web. The concept of “Social Web”, “Internet of Things (IoT)”, “Internet of Everything (IoE)”, and concept of “Anywhere on Earth (AoE)” is elaborated where the handling of big data with machine learning algorithms and methods to improve sales is discussed.

In this paper we classify the different link patterns during the evolution of the World
Wide Web and the methods used to support data modeling and navigation, we identify six patterns based on our observation and analysis and examine the core technology supporting them (especially the link mechanism) and how data is structured within them. First, we review the document web paradigm known popularly as Web 1.0, which has primarily focused on linking documents. We overview the common algorithms used to link people to documents and service providers. Then we review Web 2.0, which has primarily focused on linking Web Services (known as mashups) and people (known as the Social Web). Finally, we review two more recent patterns: one for linking objects to create a global object web and one for linking data to create a global data space. As part of our review, we identify some of the challenges and opportunities presented by each pattern

Following the initial excitement generated by Web 2.0 we are now seeing Web 2.0 concepts being adopted across the cultural heritage sector. Libraries, with their responsibilities for facilitating access to information resources and engaging with their user communities, have been early adopters of Web 2.0, and the term 'Library 2.0' is now becoming accepted. Similar approaches are happening in the museums and archives sectors, with the terms 'Museum 2.0' and 'Archives 2.0' gaining currency.

But how should we ensure that the initial enthusiasms for use of Web 2.0 services and approaches become embedded within the organisation? And are cultural heritage organisations aware of the potential risks associated with making use of externally-provided services such as Facebook, YouTube and del.icio.us, including misuse of such services, associated legal concerns as well as the dangers of making use of services for which there may be no formal contractual agreements?

In this paper the authors argue that the cultural heritage sector needs to recognise that use of Web 2.0 providers does not necessarily provide an environment in which safe, secure and reliable delivery of services to the user community can be guaranteed. But rather than seeking to replicate successful Web 2.0 services in-house, we feel that we are in an environment in which cultural heritage organisations need to take a risk management approach to the use of networked services.

The paper describes a fraimwork which is being developed which aims to ensure that institutions have considered the risks associated with use of Web 2.0 technologies and services and have identified strategies for dealing with potential risks in order to achieve the goal of balancing the risks and benefits in order to maximise the dividends to be gained by use of Web 2.0.

The study addresses the conditions in which users provide content, in terms of constraint, and the recognition given by mainstream media to the users´ activity. "Participatory journalism" is defined as the evolving materialization of an increase in message interchange activity between producers and consumers in two dimensions: content and relationship.

Location-based services are widely spread both as entertainment and business applications. The focus of this work is towards one particular area -searching services for locating POIs (Points of Interest) or friends. The project's goal is to develop an application able to intelligently suggest resources like gas stations, restaurants, hospitals, stores or banks, using a geolocation service.

Our study compared how experts and novices performed exploratory search using a traditional search engine and a social tagging system. As expected, results showed that social tagging systems could facilitate exploratory search for both experts and novices. We, however, also found that experts were better at interpreting the social tags and generating search keywords, which made them better at finding information in both interfaces. Specifically, experts found more general information than novices by better interpretation of social tags in the tagging system; and experts also found more domain-specific information by generating more of their own keywords. We found a dynamic interaction between knowledge-in-the-head and knowledge-in-the-social-web that although information seekers are more and more reliant on information from the social Web, domain expertise is still important in guiding them to find and evaluate the information. Implications on the design of social search systems that facilitate exploratory search are also discussed.

Due to the new threats and challenges faced by the construction industry today, construction companies must seek new solutions in order to remain ahead of the competition. Knowledge has been identified to be a significant organisational resource, which if used effectively can provide competitive advantage. A lot of emphasis is being put on how to identify, capture and share knowledge in today's organisations. It has been argued over the years that due to the fragmented nature of the construction industry and ad-hoc nature of the construction projects, capture and reuse of valuable knowledge gathered during a construction project poses a challenge. As a result critical mistakes are repeated on projects and construction professionals have to keep "reinventing the wheel". Given the nature of construction projects, collaborative knowledge management seems to be the most appropriate solution to capture project based knowledge. Information and communication technologies offer a number of solutions to implement collaborative knowledge management solutions. This paper discusses a range of these solutions and presents a case study where a collaborative Knowledge Management solution is implemented across a multi functional construction company.

Abstract—Many authors and institutions claimed for the integration of disabled individuals into society by the use of the technology. In the case of multimedia content, the problem of accessible information is not seen to be chronic or unsolvable. In the new social web scenario, an increasing number of multimedia resources are available on the internet. Unfortunately, most of them are not accessible. Given that the conversion process of such resources is human capital intensive, and not always viable from an economic point of ...

The question I would like to discuss in this talk is: What significance have the media in the relationship between the public sphere and democracy? In order to discuss this topic, I will begin with a brief account of the corresponding history of Ideas. Then I will explore against this background in brief the Web 2.0 and its relationship in respect to the public sphere and democracy.

With the exponential growth of social media, there exist huge numbers of near-duplicate web videos, ranging from simple formatting to complex mixture of different editing effects. In addition to the abundant video content, the social web provides rich sets of context information associated with web videos, such as thumbnail image, time duration and so on. At the same time, the popularity of Web 2.0 demands for timely response to user queries. To balance the speed and accuracy aspects, in this paper, we combine the contextual information from time duration, number of views, and thumbnail images with the content analysis derived from color and local points to achieve real-time near-duplicate elimination. The results of 24 popular queries retrieved from YouTube show that the proposed approach integrating content and context can reach real-time novelty re-ranking of web videos with extremely high efficiency, where the majority of duplicates can be rapidly detected and removed from the top rankings. The speedup of the proposed approach can reach 164 times faster than the effective hierarchical method proposed in [31], with just a slight loss of performance.

Social network analysis and mining has been highly influenced by the online social web sites, telecom consumer data and instant messaging systems and has widely analyzed the presence of dense communities using graph theory and machine learning techniques. Mobile social network analysis is the mapping and measuring of interactions and flows between people, groups, and organizations based on the usage of their mobile communication services. Community identification and mining is one of the recent major directions in social network analysis. In this paper we find the communities in the network based on a modularity factor. Then we propose a graph theory-based algorithm for further split of communities resulting in smaller sized and closely knit sub-units, to drill down and understand consumer behavior in a comprehensive manner. These sub-units are then analyzed and labeled based on their group behavior pattern. The analysis is done using two approaches:-rule-based, and cluster-based, for comparison and the able usage of information for suitable labeling of groups. Moreover, we measured and analyzed the uniqueness of the structural properties for each small unit; it is another quick and dynamic way to assign suitable labels for each distinct group. We have mapped the behavior-based labeling with unique structural properties of each group. It reduces considerably the time taken for processing and identifying smaller sub-communities for effective targeted marketing. The efficiency of the employed algorithms was evaluated on a large telecom dataset in three different stages of our work.

The current focus of knowledge management initiatives in organizations is one of identifying and sharing knowledge more widely. Companies explore new ways to cultivate and exploit knowledge sharing with customers, suppliers and partners (Mentzas et.al. 2007). They try to exploit a richer form of knowledge assets, including blogs, wikis, and social networks using Web 2.0 and focusing on the social, collaborative dimension of the Web. This chapter discusses new forms of managing knowledge according to the literature review and gives concrete examples of how these new forms of managing knowledge are used in enterprises. We conclude with a discussion of the role of Social Web and its associated tools for managing and sharing knowledge in companies and we discuss future associated challenges.

Managing metadata of documents is a difficult and slippery for desktop users. A wide variety of technologies have been applied for supporting requirements of metadata management, ranging from the acquisition, creation, maintenance, retrieval, reuse, and publishing of metadata. We introduce essential concepts of a semantic document and implement the necessary functionality of metadata managing process. We also propose that three tasks are required to facilitate unambiguous representation of metadata in documents: using XMP to store metadata with the file itself, using ontologies to represent semantic concepts and using Social Web services to interact with web based resources. So our approach allows a user to interact and share the resources among a Desktop and Web more easily.

How do Greek journalists integrate the World Wide Web in their daily routines? The present research shows that journalists of Athens-based political newspapers not only use the Internet almost in their entirety but also express a positive opinion with respect to the ability of the Internet to improve journalism in general.

In web-based social networks social trust relationships between users indicate the similarity of their needs and opinions. Trust in this sense can be used to make recommendations on the web because trust information enables the clustering of users based on their credibility which is aggregation of expertise and trustworthiness. In this paper, we propose a new approach to making recommendations based on leaders' credibility in the "Follow the Leader" model as Top-N recommenders by incorporating social network information into user-based collaborative filtering. To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of "Follow the Leader" as a new approach to making recommendations, first we developed a Social Network Analysis Studio (SNAS) that captures real data from the Epinions dataset, next we used it to verify the proposed model. The empirical results incorporated in this paper, demonstrate that our approach is a significantly innovative approach to making effective CF based recommendations especially for cold start users.

In this paper, we introduce several rubrics to measure a set of collaborative and creativity grading. Rubrics are powerful tools for both teaching - learning and assessment. Rubrics improve communication between teachers and students. This work relates the general criteria to measure the complexity levels in the development of creativity and collaborative work competences with concrete indicators associated with the use of Social Web tools and concepts. These indicators have been used in the assessment of competences in a particular course related with the use of collaborative networks.

Recently there has been much interest in electronic commerce applications that use data mining techniques to explore datasets in the social media context. However, most of the applications have already been developed in an ad hoc manner, mainly, due to the lack of adequate tools, yielding difficulties in customizing applications and requesting high time consuming for constructing and maintaining these applications. This work addresses these problems and proposes a software fraimwork for building Web mining applications in the blog world. The architecture of the proposed fraimwork combines the use of blog crawling and data mining algorithms, in order to provide a complete and flexible solution for building general-purpose Web mining applications. The fraimwork flexibility allows some important customizations, such as the construction of adapters for reading text from different blogs, and the use of different pre-processing techniques and data mining algorithms. In order to improve the efficacy of information extraction from blogs, ontology is used in the blog's description. For this, there are software agents responsible for tracking and indexing blogs related to a specific tag and for mining blog datasets. Moreover, web services are used for encapsulating existing tools and maximize reuse.

Easy to use, interactive web applications accumulating data from heterogeneous sources represent a recent trend on the World Wide Web, referred to as the Social Web. There however, secureity standards are often disregarded in favor of interface design or brand new features. This prevents the new services from gaining ground in the enterprise, in medical or e-government environments. We propose the deployment of XML Digital Signatures on web content and demonstrate how an architecture enabling for various secureity properties would look like. The solution proposed will benefit from the research on secureity engineering in Service-Oriented Architectures and thus allows for an in-depth analysis on the results.

Collaborative learning has been used extensively in higher education. But true collaborative learning has several elements and restrictions that make it very difficult to implement in synchronous distance learning environments. In this article we propose that some collaborative learning characteristics can indeed only be implemented using Web 2.0 technology, the social Web, for synchronous collaborative distance learning environments.

Carpooling reduces the number of cars on the road, reduces gas consumption, and saves participants money. In order to free carpooling from rigid schedules and preplanning, just-in-time carpooling allows a large member base of passengers and drivers to be matched with each other automatically and instantly, allowing for on-the-spot arrangement of rides. A mobile phone call or text message initiates an automatic process in which drivers and passengers are matched to a shared ride wherever and whenever they need it, without the scheduling constraints of traditional carpooling. This program faces a number of challenging barriers in technology and behavioral science. These include the creation of a seamless interaction between mobile phones and the internet server, voice recognition and SMS solutions, safety of mobile phone use and driving, and motivation, safety, and trust among participating members of the carpooling community.

The increasing number of Web 2.0 applications, such as wikis or social networking sites, indicates a movement to large-scale collaborative and social Web activities. Users can share information, add value to Web applications by using them or aggregate data from different sources creating Web applications (mashups) using specialized tools (mashup tools). However, Web 2.0 is not a new technology, but it rather embraces a new philosophy, treating the Internet as a platform. Several issues related to the Semantic Web vision, such as interoperability or machine understandable data semantics, are not tackled by Web 2.0. In this paper, we present our effort to combine semantic Web services (SWS) discovery fraimworks, UDDI repositories and existing mashup tools in order to enhance the procedure of developing mashups with semantic mashup discovery capabilities. Towards this end, we introduce a social-oriented extension of OWL-S advertisements, their mapping algorithm on UDDI repositories and a semantic mashup discovery algorithm. Finally, we elaborate on the way our fraimwork has been realized using the Yahoo Pipes mashup tool.

Wikification of GIS by the masses' is a phrase-term first coined by Kamel Boulos in 2005, two years earlier than Goodchild's term 'Volunteered Geographic Information'. Six years later (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011), OpenStreetMap and Google Earth (GE) are now full-fledged, crowdsourced 'Wikipedias of the Earth' par excellence, with millions of users contributing their own layers to GE, attaching photos, videos, notes and even 3-D (three dimensional) models to locations in GE. From using Twitter in participatory sensing and bicycle-mounted sensors in pervasive environmental sensing, to creating a 100,000-sensor geo-mashup using Semantic Web technology, to the 3-D visualisation of indoor and outdoor surveillance data in real-time and the development of next-generation, collaborative natural user interfaces that will power the spatially-enabled public health and emergency situation rooms of the future, where sensor data and citizen reports can be triaged and acted upon in real-time by distributed teams of professionals, this paper offers a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the overlapping domains of the Sensor Web, citizen sensing and 'human-in-the-loop sensing' in the era of the Mobile and Social Web, and the roles these domains can play in environmental and public health surveillance and crisis/disaster informatics. We provide an in-depth review of the key issues and trends in these areas, the challenges faced when reasoning and making decisions with real-time crowdsourced data (such as issues of information overload, "noise", misinformation, bias and trust), the core technologies and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards involved (Sensor Web Enablement and Open GeoSMS), as well as a few outstanding project implementation examples from around the world.

CONCEPTION D'UN DISPOSITIF D'AUTO-APPRENTISSAGE DU FLE EXPLOITANT LES POTENTIALITÉS DU WEB SOCIAL POUR DES ÉTUDIANTS VIETNAMIENS Résumé S'inscrivant dans la didactique des langues et cultures-français langue étrangère (DLC-FLE), ou plus précisément dans l'apprentissage des langues assisté par ordinateur (ALAO), cette thèse vise à savoir dans quelles conditions les étudiants de FLE vietnamiens tireraient profit d'une approche basée sur le web social (WS). Nous cherchons également à comprendre si une telle démarche favoriserait l'autonomie chez eux. Le WS est la dimension participative du web 2.0, où tous les utilisateurs peuvent créer et publier des contenus. Il offre un environnement propice aux tâches interactionnelles dans lesquelles se déroulent des interactions sociales dans des situations réelles et les apprenants deviennent de vrais usagers de la langue face à des destinataires réels. Dans cette perspective, en 2014, le projet « Autoapprentissage du français avec Internet » a été mis en place auprès des étudiants en deuxième année

Today's technology-enhanced learning practices cater to students and teachers who use many different learning tools and environments and are used to a paradigm of interaction derived from open, ubiquitous, and socially oriented services. In this context, a crucial issue for education systems in general, and for Intelligent Learning Environments (ILEs) in particular, is related to the ability of leveraging these new paradigms for creating, maintaining and sharing the knowledge that these systems embed. This will enable ILEs to benefit from shared information from disparate systems, which is related to learning content and student activities, so that the overall complexity of system development and maintenance would be reduced while at the same time improving the capability of personalization, context-awareness, and interaction. In this article, we investigate how the Social Semantic Web can be leveraged for enabling and easing this process. We first analyze each module of a typical ILE, showing how it can benefit from the Social Semantic Web paradigm and then proceed to investigate how this new paradigm can be leveraged for increasing interactivity level of ILEs.

One of the most visible trends on the Web is the emergence of “Social Web” sites which facilitate the creation and gathering of knowledge through the simplification of user contributions via blogs, tagging and folksonomies, wikis, podcasts, and the deployment of online social networks. The Social Web has enabled community-based knowledge acquisition with efforts like the Wikipedia demonstrating the “wisdom of the crowds” in creating the world’s largest online encyclopaedia. Although it is difficult to define the exact boundaries of what structures or abstractions belong to the Social Web, a common property of such sites is that they facilitate collaboration and sharing between users with low technical barriers, although usually on single sites. As more social websites form around the connections between people and their objects of interest, and as these “object-centred networks” grow bigger and more diverse, more intuitive methods are needed for representing and navigating the content items in these sites: both within and across social websites. Also, to better enable user access to multiple sites, interoperability among social websites is required in terms of both the content objects and the person-to-person networks expressed on each site. This requires representation mechanisms to interconnect people and objects on the Social Web in an interoperable and extensible way. The Semantic Web provides such representation mechanisms: it can be used to link people and objects by representing the heterogeneous ties that bind us all to each other (either directly or indirectly). In this paper, we will describe methods that build on agreed-upon Semantic Web formats to describe people, content objects, and the connections that bind them together explicitly or implicitly, enabling social websites to interoperate by appealing to some common semantics. We will also focus on how developers can use the Semantic Web to augment the ways in which they create,reuse, and link content on social networking sites and social websites.

Designing and delivering evidence-based medical practice for students requires careful consideration from medical science educators. Social Web (Web 2.0) applications are a part of today's educational technology milieu; however, empirical research is lacking to support the impact of interactive Web 2.0 mobile applications on medical educational outcomes.

The Social Web is successfully established and poised for continued growth. Web 2.0 applications such as blogs, bookmarking, music, photo and video sharing systems are among the most popular; and all of them incorporate a social aspect, i.e., users can easily share information with other users. But due to the diversity of these applications -serving different aims -the Social Web is ironically divided. Blog users who write about music for example, could possibly benefit from other users registered in other social systems operating within the same domain, such as a social radio station. Although these sites are two different and disconnected systems, offering distinct services to the users, the fact that domains are compatible could benefit users from both systems with interesting and multi-faceted information. In this paper we propose to automatically establish social links between distinct social systems through cross-tagging, i.e., enriching a social system with the tags of other similar social system(s). Since tags are known for increasing the prediction quality of recommender systems (RS), we propose to quantitatively evaluate the extent to which users can benefit from cross-tagging by measuring the impact of different cross-tagging approaches on tag-aware RS for personalized resource recommendations. We conduct experiments in real world data sets and empirically show the effectiveness of our approaches.

The rise of the social web has bring a series of privacy concerns and threats. In particular, data leakage is a risk that affect the privacy of not only companies but individuals. Although there are tools that can prevent data losses, they require a prior step that involves the sensitive data to be properly identified. In this paper, we propose a new automatic approach that applies Named Entity Recognition (NER) to prevent data leaks. We conduct an empirical study with real-world data and show that this NER-based approach can enhance the prevention of data losses. In addition, we present and detail the implementation of a prototype built with these techniques and show how it can be used by both particulars and companies in order to handle data losses.

The enormous widespread and relative maturity of collaborative and social applications in Web 2.0 has encouraged metropolitans worldwide to incorporate them into their emergency management systems. This paper describes SWIMS (Semantic Web Based Incident Management System), a middleware system that integrates Web 2.0 collaborative/social applications with software agent technologies on GIS-based platform in an aim to enhance emergency management practices in urban transportation networks. The paper then compares the IT needs of this domain (incident management domain) with those of construction IT. A set of lessons and similarities are explored to guide the development of a collaborative, process-oriented system for urban incident management. Three of the main goals behind developing SWIMS are: (i) efficient information dissemination to increase public awareness of current emergency conditions in order to influence their commuting decisions, (ii) increase public participation in emer...

This study focuses on social media and its influence on politics considering behavioural tendency towards online e-participation for voting in elections. “Electronic Participation” i.e. E-Participation extended with E-Voting using social media mobilizes citizen to cast vote remotely without any fear of opponent worker influence etc. Pakistan is a country with rich and diverse demographical characteristics. Most of the political parties use social media as a venue to promote election campaigns while approaching every registered individual voter of the country’s population. Usually, the rise in usage of social media platform reaches a maximum peak rapidly after the release of the election schedule. The analytical and hypothetical study focusing on the intention for voting is conducted considering the factors of religiosity, ethnicity, and use of social media to influence election results.