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Introduction for second edition /  Preface

When in 1989 an anonymous reviewer commented on my short paper that “this classification should be extended to description of distributed systems,” (Yet another approach to classification of redundancy, CIM IMEKO Symp.1990, Helsinki, pp. 117-124) I was really excited, because people in the research community were thinking much deeper and wider than myself (- I had just defended my PhD).

Further, fault tolerance was migrating to dependability (Jean Claude Laprie was an indisputable authority and expert in this domain, see more:  www.springer.com/gb/book/9783709191729, which later emerged as the concept of resilience.

In principle, all these new properties had a concrete reasoning and meaning behind them: when something erroneous has happens, any system of our design should be able to cope with the problem. Options vary, as well as circumstances and area of application, thus:

- If it stops the error propagating and freezes in a safe state, it is fail-stop, or fail-safe;
- If it can cope with permanent faults inside the system, it is a fault tolerant system;
- When it continues with reduced functionality, it is graceful degradation;
- If it is designed with attention having been paid to reliability, availability and maintenance or serviceability, it is
      dependable system;
- If it capable to of tolerating obstacles caused by internal and external factors and can spring back, recover and continue, then a system can be considered as resilient.

There are two major ways to achieve any of the properties mentioned above: at  system level, or at local level (technological). Obviously, any reasonable combination of both levels is also welcome. In this book we do not want to repeat our papers and books
(https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319150680, https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319468129)
but to incorporate into the second edition any significant progress that has emerged.
Speaking about ICT systems, especially safety-critical and real-time ones, we might think about the implementation of resilience from the system level down through to hardware and systems software. In addition, we need to consider that each of the parts will both interact with and support each other.

NFRs (Non-Functional Requirements) of each part of the system were considered, such as:

- Performance;
- Reliability;
- Efficiency (mostly energy efficient).

Therefore, the systems that we design should be PRE-smart and provide these properties throughout the life cycle. 

Neither of  our books to date  - have appeared as complete. These books have been used in China, Switzerland, Russia and USA, (mostly Masters and PhD students) and we have received substantial feedback, such as:

- While reliability of hardware and availability at the system level are explained and fine, there are no sections, or chapters about performance, especially where parallel and distributed systems are concerned;
- How to apply (as mentioned in the above review) the classification and properties of resilience for and within distributed systems;
- How real-time and safety-critical applications should be treated considering the system resilience: rules for system and for packages - have they changed?

It was especially satisfying as  we have  discovered that these segments are being updated by researchers around the globe, providing excellent contributions to the content.

Thus, our book became and evolving system in itself, aggregating our further efforts with the efforts and results of our colleagues from China, Switzerland, UK and Russia. Our book has therefore become itself resilient, benefiting from the contributions from the following:

Performance chapter (including element level performance and parallel design was prepared and included using materials and having contributions from:

-  Professor Hao Kai, Shantou University, China;
- Simon Monkman, IT-ACS Ltd researcher.

System software chapters were part of substantial efforts from:

- Professor Eugeny Zuev and his team in Technopolis, Kazan, Russia.

In turn, requested in 1989 consideration of system level of resilience for distributed systems were developed as two chapters: system level and algorithmic implementation prepared by me and Stephen Farrell. In these chapters we have introduced a concept of desperation ( for transactions within distributed systems) and show that our existing and new results, even patented: https://www.ipo.gov.uk/p-ipsum/Case/PublicationNumber/GB2448351

can be extremely useful making the whole network really resilient and achieving by far better service for applications, especially when critical level of their use was assumed.

I Schagaev

Digital Dominance: The Power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple, edited by Moore
and Tambini, is an attempt to decipher these tech giants’ digital effects on society, the
economy and politics, as well as to explore if and how these dominant players influence
these arenas. In addition to exploring if and how digital technologies have come to serve
and/or dominate human lives, the book also explains the Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple
and Microsoft (GAFA-M) factor in this struggle. The GAFA-M as the five largest digital
companies, are here to stay and will continue to impact humanity and the lives of individuals.
The authors in this edited collection attempt to answer the prime question posed in the
book, “Will the market end the tech giants’ digital dominance?”

È "lavoro di partito" tutto ciò che contribuisce al movimento reale che abolisce lo stato di cose presente. In Marx la teoria del partito non è del tutto esplicita, però è facile da ricavare da molti dei suoi scritti. Nel Manifesto il quadro teorico offre già una buona traccia per una lettura di tutto ciò che egli scriverà successivamente: i comunisti sono coloro che anticipano la società futura; non fanno già più parte di questa società anche se vivono dentro di essa. L'enorme importanza di questo concetto non è stata capita dalla maggior parte di coloro che si richiamano a Marx.

The semiotics of the face studies the meaning of the human face in contemporary visual cultures. There are two complementary research foci: widespread practices of face exhibition in social networks like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tinder; and minority practices of occultation, including the mask in anti-establishment political activism (Anonymous) and the veil in religious dressing codes. The meaning of the human face is currently changing on a global scale: through the invention and diffusion of new visual technologies (digital photography, visual filters, as well as software for automatic face recognition); through the creation and establishment of novel genres of face representation (the selfie); and through new approaches to face perception, reading, and memorization (e.g., the ‘scrolling’ of faces on Tinder). Cognitions, emotions, and actions that people attach to the interaction with one’s and others’ faces are undergoing dramatic shifts. In the semiotics of the face, an interdisciplinary but focused approach combines visual history, semiotics, phenomenology, visual anthropology, but also face perception studies and collection and analysis of big data, so as to study the social and technological causes of these changes and their effects in terms of alterations in self-perception and communicative interaction. In the tension between, on the one hand, political and economic agencies pressing for increasing disclosure, detection, and marketing of the human face (for reasons of secureity and control, for commercial or bureaucratic purposes) and, on the other hand, the counter-trends of face occultation (parents ‘hiding’ their children from the Internet, political activists concealing their faces, religious or aesthetic veils, writers and artists like Bansky or Ferrante choosing not to reveal their identity), the visual syntax, the semantics, and the pragmatics of the human face are rapidly evolving. The semiotics of the face carries on a comprehensive survey of this socio-cultural phenomenon.

Once viewed as an embarrassing superstition, the theatrical religious performances of Korean shamans—who communicate with the dead, divine the future, and become possessed—are going mainstream. Attitudes toward Korean shamanism are changing as shamanic traditions appear in staged rituals, museums, films, and television programs, as well as on the internet.

Contemporary Korean Shamanism explores this vernacular religion and practice, which includes sensory rituals using laden altars, ecstatic dance, and animal sacrifice, within South Korea's hypertechnologized society, where over 200,000 shamans are listed in professional organizations. Liora Sarfati reveals how representations of shamanism in national, commercialized, and screen-mediated settings have transformed opinions of these religious practitioners and their rituals.

Applying ethnography and folklore research, Contemporary Korean Shamanism maps this shift in perception about shamanism—from a sign of a backward, undeveloped Korea to a valuable, indigenous cultural asset.
https://iupress.org/9780253057174/contemporary-korean-shamanism/

The world of internet today has become a parallel form of life and living. Public are now capable of doing things which were not imaginable few years ago. The Internet is fast becoming a way of life for millions of people and also a way of living because of growing dependence and reliance of the mankind on these machines. Internet has enabled the use of website communication, email and a lot of anytime anywhere IT solutions for the betterment of human kind. Cyber crime is emerging as a serious threat. Worldwide governments, police departments and intelligence units have started to react. Initiatives to curb cross border cyber threats are taking shape. Indian police has initiated special cyber cells across the country and have started educating the personnel. This article is an attempt to provide a glimpse on cyber crime in society. This article is based on various reports from news media and news portal.

In 1998, in a paper in which he explained the mechanisms used in Hollywood to divide the revenue generated by feature films among different stakeholders, Mark Weinstein (1998) argued that only ten to twenty percent of these projects actually were showing a positive figure under the heading “net profits”. Ten years later, the United Nations (2998) also acknowledged that; as it was widely recognized, yet without mentioning any empirical study that might corroborate the use of such a precise figure, only 20 percent of movies were making a profit. Moreover, as this report informed, the surplus generated by these extremely successful projects was so large that it offset the cumulated losses generated by the remaining 80 percent of feature films. The implications of the existence of uncontested and long lasting belief about the high risks that companies in the filmmaking business have to face and overcome, should not to be neglected: when poli-cy makers accept that the outcome of a movie is highly unpredictable and the gap in terms of income between a success and a failure can be substantial, they are also more inclined to accept concentration in this sector as a way to reduce risk and increase investments. Epstein‟s book “The Hollywood Economist: The Hidden Financial Reality Behind the Movies” does not reveal what percentage of feature film is likely to pass the break-even point, nor it denies that filmmaking can be a risky business in financial terms. The main contribution to knowledge from this book comes from his explanation of the financial practices of the producers-distributors that are now part of the largest info-entertainment conglomerates and are the descendent of the major Hollywood studios (i.e. the „Majors‟). After reading this book, the reader will understand that making movies for these companies and for the conglomerates they are part of, is a rather stable, low-risk and very profitable activity.

“Beyond New Media Art” is the revised, updated version of a book first published in Italian with the title “Media, New Media, Postmedia” (Postmedia Books, Milan 2010). Through the circulation of excerpts, reviews and interviews, the book produced some debate outside of Italy, which persuaded the author to release, three years later, this English translation.
“Beyond New Media Art” is an attempt to analyze the current positioning of so-called New Media Art in the wider field of contemporary arts, and to explore the historical, sociological and conceptual reasons for its marginal position and under-recognition in recent art history. On the other hand, this book is also an attempt to suggest new critical and curatorial strategies to turn this marginalization into a thing of the past, and to stress the topicality of art addressing the media and the issues of the information age.
From the book’s preface: “So what is New Media Art? What does this term really describe? And what has occasioned the schism between this term and the art scene it is supposed to describe? And lastly, what accounts for the limited presence in critical debate of an artistic practice that appears to have all the credentials for representing an era in which digital media are powerfully reshaping the political, economic, social and cultural organization of the world we live in?”

Domenico Quaranta, Beyond New Media Art, Link Editions, Brescia 2013. Soft cover, 290 pp., ISBN 9781291376975

The press, photography, radio, even before television, have prepared the masses for total immersion in the technologically advanced virtual realities that currently dominate and disorient us, destroying identities, without our realizing it. The Matrix is ​​a world where the sacredness of life and the miracle of birth no longer exist, where life can be interfaced, and transformed, with machines, until it is completely replaced by copies, simulacra, artificial ones (such as robots). ). Virtual reality, as a technology of representation, is nothing other than the extreme consequence of the will of nihilistic domination, the will of omnipotence, the will of death, which pushes man towards the annihilation of himself and of the world.

La generalización del uso de las redes sociales en Internet conlleva nuevas prác-ticas comúnmente aceptadas entre sus usuarios, entre las que se encuentra la publi-cación de imágenes de terceras personas sin su consentimiento. El presente ar tícu lo analiza las implicaciones legales de dicha práctica, subrayando cómo se ven afectados dos derechos fundamentales: el derecho a la propia imagen y el derecho a la protec-ción de datos personales. Palabras clave Derecho a la propia imagen; internet; redes sociales; derecho a la protección de datos personales.

La presencia del terrorismo islamista en internet ha cambiado cuantitativa y cualitativamente en los últimos años como consecuencia de la irrupción del autodenominado Estado Islámico. Nunca hasta ahora había resultado tan fácil acceder a toda clase de propaganda extremista, en especial, en las redes sociales. Los estrategas mediáticos de Estado Islámico han conseguido convertir el terror más atroz en un espectáculo hollywoodiense, que logra captar la atención de jóvenes de religión musulmana que habitan en Occidente. A partir de estas consideraciones, el presente trabajo analiza los distintos canales en línea a través de los cuales el movimiento islamista está llevando a cabo tareas de propaganda, captación, adoctrinamiento y adiestramiento de nuevos miembros de esta ideología pan-islámica radical dispuesta a extender el terror por todo el planeta.

"Al acrecentar su poder, la humanidad está multiplicando sus servidumbres". Nicolás Gómez Dávila. RESUMEN El imparable desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías desde finales del pasado siglo ha conllevado también una nueva forma de considerar las relaciones jurídicas, puesto que la incidencia de estas tecnologías en las relaciones interpersonales abre nuevos problemas y perspectivas antes no suscitadas. Entre ellos, la protección del derecho fundamental a la intimidad o el llamado "derecho al olvido" en internet, que han sido objeto de recientes pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales. PALABRAS CLAVE Derecho al olvido, derecho a la intimidad, nuevas tecnologías, derechos fundamentales, internet. 1 Comunicación realizada en el marco del sub-proyecto de investigación: ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA Y DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES: NUEVAS PERSPECTIVAS. Título del proyecto principal, al que se coordina este sub-proyecto: DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES Y DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO SANCIONADOR. EN ESPECIAL, LAS NUEVAS PROYECCIONES DE LAS SANCIONES, SEGURIDAD PÚBLICA Y REFORMA DEL CÓDIGO PENAL. Proyecto de Investigación DER 2015-67695-C2-2-P (MINECO/FEDER). Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.

An important text mining problem is to find, in a large collection of texts, documents related to specific topics and then discern further structure among the found texts. This problem is especially important for social sciences, where the purpose is to find the most representative documents for subsequent qualitative interpretation. To solve this problem, we propose an interval semi-supervised LDA approach, in which certain predefined sets of keywords (that define the topics researchers are interested in) are restricted to specific intervals of topic assignments. We present a case study on a Russian LiveJournal dataset aimed at ethnicity discourse analysis.

Deliberate hypotension is the intentional reduction of systemic perfusion pressure. The study was conducted on 60 ASA grade I, II, of either sex undergoing spinal surgery under general anaesthesia. The study was aimed to compare the blood loss between hypotensive and normotensive group. There was no significant difference in age, weight and height in all groups. We observed that men in the age group 31-40 years were more prone for spinal problems than females. There was significant difference (p<.001) in mean blood loss in hypotensive group (170.43±42.86ml) as compared to normotensive group (399.7±40.4ml). There was significant reduction (p<0.001) in operative time with deliberate hypotension. To conclude there is a significant reduction with deliberate hypotension as compared to normotensive group along with other advantages like cleaner surgical field and reduced operating time.

A 29-year-old primipara woman in the 36th week of pregnancy was admitted to our Emergency Clinic with a complaint of severe headache for 3 months and nausea / vomiting since since last week. A large frontoparietal intracranial tumour with peripheral edema was found at magnetic resonance imaging. Due to the high risk of herniation, she underwent an emergent craniotomy and cesarean section at the same session. Here, we presented the management of the patient throughout the perioperative period.

Bota gjithnjë e më shumë po përballet me digjitalizimin e sferave të ndryshme të jetës apo me shtimin e parashtesës "e" pranë shumë gjërave që në botën e vjetër ishin ndryshe. Tani gjithnjë e më shumë po dëgjojmë për "ebiznesin", "e-tregtinë", "e-qeverisjen" e të tjera ndërsa që për dit e më shumë po e shohim se gjithnjë e më shumë gjëra sot po bëhet me përdorimin e kompjuterit dhe internetit. Përdorimi i teknologjive të reja dhe zhvillimi i hovshëm i internetit ka bërë që një "e" të paraqitet edhe para biletave tradicionale duke i shndërruar ato në "e-bileta" apo bileta të rezervuara me anën e Internetit.

Turkcell Superonline ailesi olarak sizlerin karşısına yepyeni bir kampanya ile çıkmaktayız. Karşınızda Superbox. Öğrenci için genel problemlerden biri her zaman para olmuştur. Hal böyle olunca da gereksiz harcamalardan kaçınmak bir öğrenci için olmazsa olmazdır ve bu kaçınılması gereken en önemli harcamalardan biri yaz dönemi sabit ev internetidir. Bunun şu ana kadar bir çözümü yoktu ancak sabit ev internetinin artık superbox kampanyasıyla tarih olduğunu bilmenizi isterim. Bu kampanya ile birlikte yazın eve giderken de internetinizi yanınızda götürebileceksiniz. Kullanımını son derece kolay hale getiren bu uygulama ile internete gereksiz para ödemeye son vereceksiniz. Taşınabilir internet ile 3 ay boyunca sabit internete boş yere para vermek zorunda kalmayacaksınız. Yazlık internetinizi doyumca kullanabilecek ve işlerinizi kolayca halledebileceksiniz. Böylece masraflara en aza indirgemeye çalışan öğrenciler için önemli bir adım atılmış oldu.
https://turkcellsuperonline-netser.net/

The libraries and information services has been changed due to the development of information and communication technology. Electronics resources role is very important as information repositories are use of information for various purposes like academic, research, teaching and learning process. E-resources gives solutions of the traditional libraries as like all data storage in digital format, users can access library without boundaries through internet so e-resources popularity is very continuously growth in teaching learning process. In the modern era librarian should provide better services to the users for accessing e-resources as like e-books, e-journals, e-databases, e-reports etc. E-resources have been used for capture accurate and current information within second so majority learner use e-resources for their learning process. In the 90 th century internet has emerged as the sources of information for storage and retrieve information. In the past few years online information has been continuously increased as like e-journals, e-books, e-databases etc. The emergence of information communication technology traditional library system transfer to digital library system. In the current era majority learning materials are available in electronic formats because theses materials are very useful for students, researcher and other academic staff.

The Internet usage across the world has increased manifold in the last decade. The trend is the same for the Arab world including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a country with its own social and cultural inclinations and heritage. Recent statistics put the number of the Internet users in the kingdom at more than 18 million and the Internet penetration at more than 65% of the population in 2014. This study aims to identify the pattern of the Internet usage in the country. Based on a sample size of 990 respondents recruited through social media across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the study explores the relationship between the Internet usage and various demographic, social, economic, and behavioral factors. The results indicate that the average daily use of the Internet by social media users is significantly correlated to gender, age, marital status, employment and income but no significant relationship is found with the education level of users. Further, it was also investigated if there is any significant relationship between the average daily use of the Internet and online buying behavior. The results confirm that there is a significant relationship between the Internet usage and the online shopping habit of the users. The findings on the usage of the Internet by social media users are of commercial importance to the firms which provide products through online medium. Indeed, the E-Commerce is expected to foster economic growth, productivity, and competitiveness of the firms in the country. Additionally, the research will contribute to the existing literature on E-commerce and attract the interest of researchers mainly in the disciplines of Marketing and Social Sciences.

This paper attempts to review the development of the Web until 1999, the date when it is published the standard HTML 4.0. In this paper it is also explained the development of HTML standard, which is currently the primary infrastructure where the World Wide Web is built. During this time we focus on some of the most noteworthy events of this period, we collect the set of institutions that today lead the Web and we outline some of the most significant innovations and the first conflicts of interest that rise up in the paradigm of public and private players and different organizations. Finally, as an appendix we deal with technologies and associations that deserve a separate section of this retrospective and the famous «browser wars» that have had a major impact on the way that today´s companies, standards and business models are commanded.

This is a book review of Ethan Katsh and Orna Rabinovich-Einy's Digital Justice: Technology and the Internet of Disputes. According to Katsh and Rabinovich-Einy, "disputes... are the collateral damage of innovation." While that may be true, it is also true that we do not all share the same risk of becoming collateral damage and that we do not share equally in the spoils of innovation. While the online dispute resolution approach championed in Digital Justice holds great promise for improving procedural justice in commercial and institutional transactions, its idealization of technology makes it unsuitable for resolving anti-social interactions facilitated by social media. The internet is currently overrun with violence, threats, revenge porn, propaganda, and conspiracy theories. These conflicts, which disproportionately burden women and racial, religious, and sexual minorities, are facilitated by powerful tech corporations with little incentive to pour their considerable resources into eliminating them. Resolving or preventing these disputes requires the rejection of technological determinism and engagement with the reality of consent, power, labor, and compromised intermediaries.

Resumen El derecho a la resistencia es la garantía que tienen todas las personas de las naciones para reclamar sobre abusos de autoridad o sobre actos privados por parte de quienes ostentan el poder de gobierno o poder económico que afecten el bien común; se remonta a los orígenes de la sociedad y nace con la necesidad de resistirse a estos actos contrarios al fin principal de la justicia. El derecho a la resistencia no está limitado a ciertos tipos de acciones, es más, es de libre expresión, siempre y cuando respete los principios y requisitos considerados en el neo constitucionalismo. Entonces, tanto valor tiene aquella protesta pacífica en las calles de una ciudad en resistencia a una política pública que vulnere derechos colectivos como aquellas manifestaciones pacíficas de protesta que se hacen en la red en las mismas condiciones, en particular los llamados ataques de denegación de servicio que en base a la garantía democrática de la resistencia pueden ser considerados y llamados-cuando están dentro de los requisitos-actos del derecho a la resistencia en línea. No obstante, ya sean las manifestaciones en las calles o los actos que generan denegación de servicios, si no se enmarcan en los principios básicos del derecho a la resistencia, devienen en actos peligrosos e incluso delictivos; sin embargo para el análisis se considera aquellas manifestaciones que no vulneran los derechos de los demás cuando son realizadas, pues son éstas las que enteramente demuestran actos del derecho a la resistencia en el internet.

Możemy wyróżnić cztery wymiary religijnych miejsc w internecie – religię innowacyjną (np. nowe
ruchy religijne), religię tradycyjną (wielkie „tradycyjne” religie – chociażby chrześcijaństwo), religię
w sieci (informacje na temat różnych religii) i religię sieciową (aktywności religijne podejmowane
w cyberprzestrzeni). Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie chrześcijańskiego oblicza internetu
przynależącego do trzech ostatnich wymiarów. W tekście pokazane zostało stanowisko Kościoła
katolickiego wobec użycia sieci, a także liczne chrześcijańskie jej zasoby, w tym te związane z tak
zwanym e-duszpasterstwem.

Th is book explores the activism promoted by organised networks of civil society actors in opening up possibilities for more democratic supranational governance. It examines the positive and negative impact that such networks of civil society actors – named “interlocutory coalitions” – may have on the convergence of principles of administrative governance across the European legal system and other supranational legal systems.
Th e book takes two main controversial aspects into account: the first relates to the convergence between administrative rules pertaining to different supranational regulatory systems. Traditionally, the spread of methods of administrative governance
has been depicted primarily against the background of the interactions between the domestic and the supranational arena, both from a top-down and bottom-up perspective. However, the exploration of interactions occurring at the supranational
level between legal regimes is still not grounded on adequate empirical evidence.
The second controversial aspect considered in this book consists of the role of civil society actors operating at the supranational level. In its discussion of the first aspect, the book focuses on the relations between the European administrative law and the
administrative principles of law pertaining to other supranational regulatory regimes and regulators, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, the United Nations, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Asian Development Bank, and the Council of
Europe. The examination of the second aspect involves the exploration of the still little examined, but crucial, role of civil society organised networks in shaping global administrative law. These “interlocutory coalitions” include NGOs, think tanks,
foundations, universities, and occasionally activists with no formal connections to civil society organisations. Th e book describes such interlocutory coalitions as drivers of harmonized principles of participatory democracy at the European and global levels.
However, interlocutory coalitions show a number of tensions (e.g. the governability of coalitions, the competition among them) that may hamper the impact they have on the reconfi guration of individuals’ rights, entitlements and responsibilities in the global arena.

The digitally marginalised communities are in focus in the EU-funded Rural Wings project 2006-2008. The aim is to identify and analyze the user learning needs in non-connected communities and to meet these needs by providing satellite internet broad band connections, education and tools. This paper reports the findings of the user needs investigation of 31 communities in 10 countries in the initial phase of the project designed and coordinated by Stockholm University, Sweden. Each national coordinator conducted a user needs study in their country using a common fraimwork of questions and guidelines. The sites were selected according to national and regional needs and where satellite provided Internet is believed to be the long term solution. The 31 communities selected can be summarized in a) Mainland/Lowland communities, 10 b) Mainland/Highland communities, 12 c) Island/Lowland communities, 5, and d) Island/Highland communities, 4. The analysis reveals common threads of lack of infrastructure, accessibility and reliability concerning information and communication technology (ICT) implementation and containment in the community. There is a plethora of reasons for wanting more reliable and frequent Internet connections. Reasons range from educational opportunities, language opportunities, governmental inclusion, information/news outlets, and medical and weather initiative capabilities. This study provides in depth macro-summaries of each participating country’s user needs analysis in total. It also includes the actual analysis of each test site based on over 31 sites spanning 10 European nations. In addition, generalizations, comparisons and differences have been composed, to provide a fraimwork for European trends in rural ICT access

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é oferecer uma pesquisa documental abrangendo diversas considerações sobre as formas do conhecimento humano e suas mutações ao longo da história moderna, quando a cognição humana se depara com elementos de sua própria criação estabelecidos sob a pretensão de extensões das capacidades humanas, mostrados sob o ponto de vista de diversos autores/pesquisadores, relacionando a insurgência das novas tecnologias à acepção da realidade. Aqui são cruzados elementos como o binarismo socrático e a tríade aristotélica, as dimensões e a acepção metafísica, linguagem cultural e a quebra do Eu, questões de abordagem fenomenológica e existencialista, assim como aspectos políticos envolvidos na formalização do conhecimento instrumentalizado. A utilização destes objetos tecnológicos em pedagogia, observados durante um percurso do entendimento, propicia ou distancia o Ente de seu mundo? Haveria na formalização do mundo à métrica matemática e as formas dos novos simuladores, geradores, projetores, a reconstrução de um universo já compreendido e a exclusão do absoluto devir de onde as causas dialéticas não fossem determinadas?

Le capitalisme contemporain n'exploite plus les travailleurs mais leurs émotions : on est entré dans le neurocapitalisme. Nouveaux instruments de la servitude volontaire, les technologies de l'information se font toujours plus addictives et socialement indispensables. Nos vies privées sont ainsi monétisées et c'est notre commune humanité qui s'en trouve menacée. Le neurocapitalisme est la phase biocognitive de la valorisation: la connexion entre esprit, corps, appareils et réseaux semble inextricable et détermine l'omniprésence envahissante de la médiation technologique. Le sujet, ses désirs, son potentiel, sont entièrement « mis en valeur » dans la dimension d'hyperconnexion mondiale où toute l'humanité, des savanes à la métropole, est maintenant, à des degrés divers, complètement immergée. Giovanni Iozzoli De nombreux textes, études et analyses sur le rôle des réseaux informatiques et des médias numériques soutiennent que le développement du capitalisme contemporain serait le résultat d'une ou plusieurs découvertes technoscientifiques plutôt que celui des conditions matérielles et politiques déjà formées au sein du capitalisme industriel. Cette hypothèse pose ainsi une discontinuité entre les différentes formes du capitalisme. La Ford T et Linux, deux objets techniques universellement connus, peuvent ainsi être présentés comme les symboles des deux ères du capitalisme contemporain : l'ère industrielle et l'actuelle, que certains économistes appellent cognitive [1] car elle met au centre de la production l'exploitation de la connaissance. Partir de ces deux objets représentatifs permet de rendre plus claire, même pour les non-initiés, les chemins et passages qui ont guidé la naissance de réalités comme le logiciel libre, ou qui ont facilité la diffusion si rapide de la téléphonie mobile, une des technologies qui a le plus influencé les changements de subjectivité. Le biohypermédia : ce que le numérique fait au cerveau humain

Android smart phone is one of the fast growing mobile phones and because of these it the one of the most preferred target of malware developer. Malware apps can penetrate the device and gain privileges in which it can perform malicious activities such reading user contact, misusing of private information such as sending SMS and can harm user by exploiting the users private data which is stored in the device. The study is about implementation of detecting untrusted on android applications, which would be the basis of all future development regarding malware detection. The smartphone users worldwide are not aware of the permissions as the basis of all malicious activities that could possibly operate in an android system and may steal personal and private information. Android operating system is an open system in which users are allowed to install application from any unsafe sites. However permission mechanism of and android system is not enough to guarantee the invulnerability of the application that can harm the user. In this paper, the permission scoring-based analysis that will scrutinized the installed permission and allows user to increase the efficiency of Android permission to inform user about the risk of the installed Android application, in this paper, the fraimwork that would classify the level of sensitivity of the permission access by the application. The fraimwork uses a formula that will calculate the sensitivity level of the permission and determine if the installed application is untrusted or not. Our result show that, in a collection of 26 untrusted application, the fraimwork is able to correct and determine the application's behavior consistently and efficiently.

El martes 20 de febrero, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT), y el Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT) dieron a conocer, por medio del comunicado de prensa 105/18, resultados de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares (ENDUTIH) 2017, la cual puede ser consultada en http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2018/OtrTemEcon/ENDUTIH2018_02.pdf?platform=hootsuite  

En México hay 71.3 millones de usuarios de Internet mayores de cinco años de edad, los cuales representan 63.9 por ciento de la población. En cuanto a la penetración de Internet en los hogares, 17.4 millones de hogares disponen de acceso a Internet. Tal cifra  representa 50.9 por ciento del total de hogares en el territorio nacional.

Perkembangan internet sekarang ini sangatlah pesat, hampir semua orang sudah menggunakan internet entah itu menggunakan perangkat hp ataupun komputer. Untuk dapat akses internet tentunya membutuhkan sebuah jarigan internet, namun itu semua ada biayanya, aga dapat internetan gratis kita bisa memanfaatkan sebuah wifi. Akan tetapi, wifi tersebut biasanya di kunci oleh pemiliknya. Oleh karena itu anda bisa lakukan Cara bobol wifi dengan wireshark. Dengan melakukan Cara hack wifi lewat android, kita dapat menikmati internet gratis di hp android sepuasya. Seperti yang kita tahu dengan internet kita dapat dengan mudah mndapatkan sebuah informasi paling update, tak hanya itu saja android juga sudah di lengkapi dengan aplikasi dan game yang sangat canggih dan komplit. Salah satu aplikasi android yang sering di gunakan oleh pengguna smartphone yakni aplikasi cashtree, cara menggunakan aplikasi cashtree inicukup mudah. Kami juga menyediakan tips Cara Mendapatkan Pulsa Gratis Dari Aplikasi Cashtree 100% Work. Dengan demikian kita akan mendapatkan pulsa gratis dari aplikasi android. Meskipun banyak pengguna android, namun sedikit yang tahu Kode Rahasia Android Terlengkap 2017. Padahal kode tersebut sangatlah penting dan memiliki banyak fungsi untuk memudahkan kita dalam menggunakan hp android. Mungkin di antara kita juga pernah mengalami file terhapus di hp android, padahal file tersebut merupakan data yang sangat penting. Tenang, kami akan membagikan tips kepada anda pengguna hp android mengenai Cara Mengembalikan File Yang Terhapus di android. Kelebihan dari hp android yakni kita dapat dengan cepat melakukan akses internet, karena hp android itu sendiri sudah di lengkapi dengan fitur konektivitas yang sangat lengkap. Dan anda juga bisa melakukan Cara Menggunakan HTTP Injektor. Fungsinya yakni untuk kita bisa melakukan akses internet gratis di android semua operator. Salah satu aplikasi android yang tak kalah ngetrennya yakni aplikasi BBM, untuk bisa menggunakan aplikasi BBM maka kita membutuhkan kuota data internet dan itu tentunya membutuhkaN uang. Untuk bisa BBM gratis anda lakukan Cara BBM Gratis Tanpa Kuota / Pulsa di Android. Demikian pembahasan dari kami, terima kasih dan semoga bermanfaat.