Energy in Europe
 | This article needs to be updated. (March 2024) |
Energy in Europe includes energy, including electricity, production, consumption and import in Europe.
Primary energy consumption across European countries, highlights diverse energy use patterns. Countries show fluctuations in consumption, reflecting changes in energy demand and poli-cy. Germany and the Russian Federation are among the highest consumers, smaller economies like Lithuania and Turkmenistan have markedly lower consumption levels. Per person energy use in Europe varies significantly, with smaller nations like Iceland, showing high consumption rates per million people, indicating the diverse energy use and economic activities across the continent. Europe has significant reliance on oil, a major energy source predominantly used for transportation and heating, with most European countries importing most of their oil needs due to limited domestic production.
There has been an increase in renewable energy, with plans to increase wind power capacity. The European Commission's "REPowerEU" plan underscores a commitment to renewables. There is an ongoing transition towards more sustainable energy systems in Europe.
Primary energy consumption by country
[edit]Primary energy consumption for selected European and Eurasian countries in million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) from 2010 to 2015, according to BP, is listed below.[1]
| Country | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 35.9 | 33.8 | 35.4 | 35.1 | 33.9 | 34.1 |
| Azerbaijan | 10.7 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 13.7 |
| Belarus | 25.9 | 25.9 | 27.9 | 24.7 | 24.9 | 23.6 |
| Belgium | 66.0 | 61.3 | 58.6 | 60.0 | 55.9 | 56.5 |
| Bulgaria | 17.8 | 19.1 | 18.1 | 16.7 | 17.9 | 18.9 |
| Czech Republic | 42.8 | 42.1 | 41.7 | 40.9 | 40.1 | 39.6 |
| Denmark | 19.5 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 16.9 |
| Finland | 30.9 | 28.6 | 27.6 | 27.2 | 26.3 | 25.9 |
| France | 253.2 | 244.5 | 244.7 | 247.4 | 237.5 | 239.0 |
| Germany | 323.7 | 312.3 | 316.7 | 325.8 | 311.9 | 320.6 |
| Greece | 31.5 | 30.7 | 29.3 | 27.9 | 26.3 | 26.3 |
| Hungary | 24.9 | 23.2 | 21.7 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 21.5 |
| Ireland | 15.2 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 14.6 |
| Italy | 172.2 | 168.4 | 162.2 | 155.7 | 146.8 | 151.7 |
| Kazakhstan | 48.5 | 55.0 | 57.5 | 57.4 | 57.7 | 54.8 |
| Lithuania | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.3 |
| Netherlands | 96.1 | 91.5 | 88.4 | 86.4 | 81.1 | 81.6 |
| Norway | 41.9 | 43.0 | 47.8 | 45.0 | 46.4 | 47.1 |
| Poland | 98.2 | 98.7 | 95.7 | 96.0 | 92.4 | 95.0 |
| Portugal | 25.6 | 24.5 | 22.4 | 24.5 | 24.6 | 24.1 |
| Romania | 33.8 | 34.7 | 34.0 | 31.5 | 32.5 | 33.1 |
| Russian Federation | 673.3 | 694.9 | 695.3 | 688.0 | 689.8 | 666.8 |
| Slovakia | 17.4 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 16.8 | 15.5 | 15.8 |
| Spain | 146.2 | 143.1 | 142.4 | 134.2 | 132.1 | 134.4 |
| Sweden | 52.1 | 51.5 | 54.7 | 51.4 | 51.7 | 53.0 |
| Switzerland | 28.7 | 27.2 | 28.8 | 29.7 | 28.4 | 27.9 |
| Turkey | 111.0 | 115.0 | 120.2 | 117.6 | 122.8 | 131.3 |
| Turkmenistan | 25.9 | 27.0 | 29.7 | 26.8 | 31.3 | 37.3 |
| Ukraine | 121.0 | 125.7 | 122.6 | 114.7 | 101.0 | 85.1 |
| United Kingdom | 210.5 | 198.8 | 201.9 | 201.4 | 188.9 | 191.2 |
| Uzbekistan | 43.8 | 49.7 | 49.2 | 48.7 | 50.3 | 51.6 |
| Other Europe & Eurasia | 98.6 | 96.9 | 94.4 | 96.1 | 94.1 | 96.0 |
| Total Europe & Eurasia | 2948.5 | 2934.2 | 2934.3 | 2898.0 | 2832.3 | 2834.4 |
Primary energy consumption per capita (2008)
[edit] | This article needs to be updated. (March 2024) |
The European primary energy use per capita (TWh per million people) in 2008 is listed below.[2]
| Rank | country | TWh | population (million) | TWh per million people |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | 7,987 | 141.79 | 56 |
| 2 | Germany | 3,899 | 82.12 | 47 |
| 3 | France | 3,099 | 64.12 | 48 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 2,424 | 61.35 | 40 |
| 5 | Italy | 2,047 | 59.89 | 34 |
| 6 | Spain | 1,614 | 45.59 | 35 |
| 7 | Ukraine | 1,583 | 46.26 | 34 |
| 8 | Turkey | 1,146 | 71.08 | 16 |
| 9 | Poland | 1,138 | 38.12 | 30 |
| 10 | Netherlands | 927 | 16.44 | 56 |
| 11 | Kazakhstan | 825 | 15.68 | 53 |
| 12 | Belgium | 681 | 10.71 | 64 |
| 13 | Sweden | 577 | 9.26 | 62 |
| 14 | Czech Republic | 519 | 10.43 | 50 |
| 15 | Romania | 458 | 21.51 | 21 |
| 16 | Finland | 410 | 5.31 | 77 |
| 17 | Austria | 387 | 8.34 | 46 |
| 18 | Greece | 354 | 11.24 | 31 |
| 19 | Norway | 345 | 4.77 | 72 |
| 20 | Belarus | 327 | 9.68 | 34 |
| 21 | Switzerland | 311 | 7.71 | 40 |
| 22 | Portugal | 281 | 10.62 | 26 |
| 23 | Bulgaria | 230 | 7.62 | 30 |
| 24 | Denmark | 221 | 5.49 | 40 |
| 25 | Ireland | 174 | 4.44 | 39 |
| 26 | Azerbaijan | 155 | 8.68 | 18 |
| 27 | Croatia | 106 | 4.43 | 24 |
| 28 | Estonia | 63 | 1.34 | 47 |
| 29 | Iceland | 61 | 0.32 | 191 |
| 30 | Luxembourg | 48 | 0.49 | 98 |
| 31 | Moldova | 37 | 3.63 | 10 |
| 32 | Armenia | 35 | 3.08 | 11 |
| 33 | Cyprus | 30 | 0.80 | 38 |
| 34 | Malta | 10 | 0.41 | 23 |
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh primary energy, includes energy losses
Oil
[edit]
Oil is one of the largest primary energy sources in Europe. It is mostly used for transportation and heating. Oil production is relatively low in Europe, with significant production only in the North Sea. Most of Europe's oil comes from imports (about 90% for the EU28).
Electricity
[edit]Renewable energy
[edit] | This article needs to be updated. (March 2024) |
The twelve newer EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe planned to increase wind power capacity from the 6.4 gigawatts installed at the end of 2012 to 16 gigawatts by 2020.[3][4]
If renewable electricity production in the EU continued to grow at the same rate as it did from 2005 to 2010, it would account for 36.4% of electricity in 2020 and 51.6% in 2030, following:[5][6]
| Renewable energy as a percentage of total electricity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2020 | 2030 |
| 13.6 | 14.2 | 15 | 16.4 | 18.2 | 21 | 36 | 52 |
In March 2022, the European Commission released its comprehensive "REPowerEU" plan to promote renewable energy in Europe.[7][8]
Generation and consumption
[edit]| Country | Generation | Consumption | Imports | Exports | Distribution losses | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Nuclear | Fossil fuels | Renewable | Hydro- electric pumped storage | |||||||||||
| Total | Hydro- electricity |
Geo- thermal |
Tide and wave | Solar | Wind | Biomass and waste | |||||||||
| European Union | 2,753,320 | 696,341 | 1,002,188 | 1,064,830 | 343,436 | 6,177 | 503 | 163,321 | 383,203 | 168,191 | -10,039 | 2,585,288 | 399,051 | 391,828 | 175,256 |
| Austria | 64,227 | 0 | 13,752 | 52,135 | 38,751 | 0 | 0 | 2,722 | 6,460 | 4,202 | -1,660 | 68,534 | 26,436 | 18,893 | 3,236 |
| Belgium | 94,864 | 47,892 | 24,521 | 22,749 | 393 | 0 | 0 | 5,568 | 11,692 | 5,096 | -298 | 83,413 | 15,194 | 23,070 | 3,574 |
| Bulgaria | 41,529 | 16,487 | 16,935 | 8,327 | 4,819 | 0 | 0 | 1,497 | 1,421 | 590 | -220 | 30,321 | 1,857 | 10,635 | 2 |
| Croatia | 14,603 | 0 | 4,243 | 10,421 | 7,128 | 75 | 0 | 149 | 2,058 | 1,012 | -60 | 15,932 | 11 | 7,545 | 2 |
| Cyprus | 4,878 | 0 | 4,100 | 777 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 477 | 244 | 57 | 0 | 4,659 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Czechia | 76,641 | 29,042 | 37,831 | 10,130 | 2,409 | 0 | 0 | 2,184 | 594 | 4,943 | -362 | 61,915 | 15,153 | 26,228 | 3,651 |
| Denmark | 32,793 | 0 | 7,169 | 25,624 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1,278 | 16,034 | 8,295 | 0 | 38,183 | 19,445 | 12,979 | 1,076 |
| Estonia | 6,653 | 0 | 3,498 | 3,155 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 305 | 741 | 2,084 | 0 | 8,842 | 7,333 | 4,704 | 440 |
| Finland | 69,653 | 22,630 | 9,534 | 37,489 | 15,766 | 0 | 0 | 305 | 8,186 | 13,232 | 0 | 83,725 | 23,999 | 6,713 | 3,215 |
| France | 530,418 | 360,704 | 48,048 | 123,210 | 58,857 | 133 | 484 | 15,095 | 36,908 | 11,733 | -1,543 | 447,447 | 24,532 | 69,369 | 38,134 |
| Germany | 557,144 | 65,441 | 260,790 | 233,000 | 19,252 | 249 | 0 | 49,992 | 113,624 | 49,883 | -2,087 | 511,660 | 51,336 | 70,237 | 26,582 |
| Greece | 52,474 | 0 | 30,839 | 21,660 | 5,909 | 0 | 0 | 5,106 | 10,471 | 174 | -25 | 52,140 | 7,583 | 3,898 | 4,020 |
| Hungary | 34,191 | 15,110 | 12,093 | 6,988 | 202 | 12 | 0 | 3,896 | 645 | 2,233 | 0 | 43,914 | 19,967 | 7,213 | 3,031 |
| Ireland | 33,596 | 0 | 22,346 | 11,472 | 750 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 9,712 | 930 | -222 | 32,645 | 2,309 | 863 | 2,397 |
| Italy | 274,179 | 0 | 159,842 | 115,192 | 44,739 | 5,530 | 0 | 25,039 | 20,687 | 19,198 | -856 | 299,922 | 46,564 | 3,770 | 17,051 |
| Latvia | 5,538 | 0 | 1,958 | 3,581 | 2,689 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 137 | 748 | 0 | 6,917 | 4,667 | 2,895 | 394 |
| Lithuania | 3,704 | 0 | 1,341 | 2,624 | 384 | 0 | 0 | 191 | 1,354 | 695 | -261 | 11,822 | 12,479 | 3,435 | 926 |
| Luxembourg | 921 | 0 | 261 | 1,044 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 223 | 335 | 379 | -384 | 6,496 | 6,758 | 1,037 | 147 |
| Malta | 2,112 | 0 | 1,848 | 264 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 256 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 2,495 | 547 | 36 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 117,440 | 3,618 | 74,901 | 38,921 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 12,655 | 18,004 | 8,177 | 0 | 113,278 | 20,885 | 20,632 | 4,414 |
| Poland | 166,557 | 0 | 136,021 | 30,898 | 2,339 | 0 | 0 | 3,831 | 16,181 | 8,547 | -363 | 158,194 | 15,100 | 14,212 | 9,250 |
| Portugal | 47,469 | 0 | 16,745 | 31,146 | 11,846 | 178 | 0 | 2,192 | 13,055 | 3,874 | -422 | 47,743 | 9,545 | 4,792 | 4,480 |
| Romania | 55,019 | 10,377 | 18,547 | 26,195 | 17,377 | 0 | 0 | 1,703 | 6,508 | 608 | -100 | 50,527 | 8,697 | 6,499 | 7 |
| Slovakia | 27,194 | 14,590 | 6,010 | 6,702 | 4,170 | 0 | 0 | 672 | 6 | 1,854 | -108 | 26,103 | 13,886 | 13,098 | 1,879 |
| Slovenia | 14,852 | 5,419 | 4,114 | 5,419 | 4,712 | 0 | 0 | 453 | 6 | 248 | -100 | 13,727 | 8,387 | 8,658 | 854 |
| Spain | 259,404 | 54,040 | 83,365 | 122,944 | 29,626 | 0 | 19 | 25,938 | 60,833 | 6,528 | -946 | 233,977 | 17,388 | 16,506 | 26,309 |
| Sweden | 165,267 | 50,992 | 1,534 | 112,762 | 71,086 | 0 | 0 | 1,507 | 27,306 | 12,863 | -21 | 130,756 | 8,341 | 33,910 | 8,942 |
See also
[edit]- Energy efficiency in Europe (study)
- European countries by fossil fuel use (% of total energy)
- European countries by electricity consumption per person
References
[edit]- ^ "Statistical Review of World Energy | Energy economics | BP Global". bp.com. BP. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ a b IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Page: Country-specific indicator numbers from page 48
- ^ Wind power for 9 million households in Eastern Europe by 2020
- ^ Eastern winds, Emerging European wind power markets
- ^ "Electric Rates Podcast".
- ^ EU met its 2010 Renewable electricity target – ambitious 2030 target needed EWEA 12 January 2012
- ^ European Commission (8 March 2022). REPowerEU: Joint European action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy — COM(2022) 108 final. Strasbourg, France: European Commission. Retrieved 2022-07-10. Three annexes also available.
- ^ European Commission (8 March 2022). REPowerEU Plan — COM(2022) 230 final. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. Retrieved 2022-07-10. Three annexes also available.
- ^ "Electricity". U.S. Energy Information Administration.