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- Author rights Sample summary Table 16: Author rights sample summary statistics: digital releases mean sd min max Digital release .1296124 .393316 0 5 Premiere year (composition) 1925.195 21.14096 1901 2002 Age at death 70.23318 17.62018 20 101 Streaming adoption .6513178 .4765901 0 1 Recorded live .1204134 .3242863 0 1 Num. of contributors to record 10.75848 9.061569 1 308 Recorded in local lang. .3935142 .4859194 0 1 Performed by stars .3596589 .4775567 0 1 Library holdings 196.0642 78.95452 1 476 Birth anniversary .0164341 .1271477 0 1 War death .0410853 .1985028 0 1 Publication year (record) 2011.885 4.416244 2000 2018 Recording age 12.29566 15.76618 0 72 Recording year 1994.041 16.19353 1939 2017 Copyright at recording .494323 .4988875 0 1 Observations 6450 Notes : Statistics are based on a balanced panel of 662 operas.
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- Robustness: restricted sample Table 24: Author rights sample summary statistics: digital releases (restricted sample) Mean SD Min Max Digital release .1290323 .3359136 0 1 Premiere year (composition) 1916.851 14.17037 1902 1942 Age at death 69.83871 15.34377 39 89 Streaming adoption .6733871 .4699227 0 1 Recorded live .1895161 .3927106 0 1 Num. of contributors to record 13.0121 4.879505 6 25 Recorded in local lang. .5241935 .5004243 0 1 Performed by stars .8346774 .3722226 0 1 Library holdings 173.4476 101.0515 2 311 Birth anniversary .0645161 .2461669 0 1 War death .0443548 .2062986 0 1 Publication year (record) 2011.198 3.915772 2003 2017 Recording age 48.90323 5.70378 40 65 Recording year 1957.512 5.433426 1941 1964 Observations 248 Notes : Statistics are based on a balanced panel of 33 opera records.
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- Table 17: Author rights sample summary statistics: physical releases mean sd min max Physical release .1331846 .4344636 0 11 Premiere year (composition) 1926.155 21.43312 1901 2001 Age at death 69.47282 17.80422 20 104 Streaming adoption .6100825 .4877416 0 1 Recorded live .1205964 .3210387 0 1 Num. of contributors to record 11.59191 9.866129 1 162 Recorded in local lang. .3648837 .4759652 0 1 Performed by stars .3605405 .4770178 0 1 Library holdings 52.87473 90.12364 0 588 Birth anniversary .0158223 .1247901 0 1 War death .050202 .2183661 0 1 Publication year (record) 2011.312 4.793008 2000 2018 Recording age 19.22892 21.55487 0 99 Recording year 1986.2 21.99947 1902 2017 Copyright at recording .5457155 .4963816 0 1 Observations 23764 Notes : Statistics are based on a balanced panel of 2,042 operas.
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- Table 25: Author rights sample summary statistics: physical releases (restricted sample) Mean SD Min Max Physical release .0874317 .2825181 0 1 Premiere year (composition) 1916.764 11.71863 1901 1948 Age at death 72.24991 11.63463 39 96 Streaming adoption .568306 .4954026 0 1 Recorded live .1836066 .3872335 0 1 Num. of contributors to record 10.86812 4.651729 1 28 Recorded in local lang. .4225865 .4940608 0 1 Performed by stars .6444444 .4787685 0 1 Library holdings 14.06193 41.54616 0 239 Birth anniversary .0459016 .2093099 0 1 War death .1114754 .3147773 0 1 Publication year (record) 2011.353 4.593483 2000 2018 Recording age 51.56976 7.876389 37 99 Recording year 1953.495 7.915097 1902 1964 Observations 2745 Notes : Statistics are based on a balanced panel of 217 opera records.
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- Table 7: Treated recordings Physical releases Digital releases Freq. Percent Freq. Percent Not Treated 77064 68.70 24339 86.09 2013 10412 9.28 2546 9.01 2014 17480 15.58 1216 4.30 2015 4674 4.17 171 0.60 2016 2527 2.25 2017 19 0.02 Total 112176 100.00 28272 100.00 Notes : The table shows the time treatment heterogeneity due to the EU Directive adoption year.
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- The small group (year 2017) of observations refers only to the Slovakia recording observations (the last member state that adopted the EU Directive).
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