Wiktionary

R

See also: Appendix:Variations of "r"

R U+0052, R
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
← Q
[U+0051] 		Basic Latin S →
[U+0053]
Character variations
Ｒ U+FF32, Ｒ
FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
← Ｑ
[U+FF31] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｓ →
[U+FF33]
Languages (42)
Translingual • English
Afar • Afrikaans • Azerbaijani • Basque • Central Franconian • Chinese • Dutch • Esperanto • Estonian • Finnish • French • German • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Irish • Italian • Japanese • Kashubian • Latin • Latvian • Malay • Nupe • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovene • Somali • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Turkish • Vietnamese • Welsh • Yoruba • Zulu
Page categories

Translingual

edit
 R (disambiguation) on Wikipedia

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

Letter

edit

R (lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

edit

Symbol

edit

R

  1. Abbreviation of ronna-.
  2. (currency symbol) Rand, national currency of South Africa.
  3. (metrology) roentgen
  4. (physics) resistance (in electricity)
  5. (organic chemistry) An unspecified radical, usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest.
    Alcohols have the generic formula ROH.
  6. (genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine.
  7. (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine.
  8. (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant).
    synonyms: S for a sonorant
  9. (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic archiphoneme, such as the conflation of /r/ and /ɾ/ in certain positions in Spanish.
  10. (linguistics) rising tone.
    synonyms: more commonly LH, or more specifically LM or MH
  11. (finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is extremely speculative and possibly in default, with some prospect of debt recovery.
edit
  • Letter styles
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur

See also

edit
The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s): 
Character=R
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Other representations of R:

English

edit
 R (disambiguation) on Wikipedia

Etymology 1

edit

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

Pronunciation

edit

(Name of letter)

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r, plural Rs or R's)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.
See also
edit

Number

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

edit

Abbreviations

 
"Elizabeth R", hand of Elizabeth II

Noun

edit

R

  1. (entomology) radius
  2. (US politics) Abbreviation of Republican, especially preceding the constituent location.
    R-Texas
    Antonym: D (“Democrat”)
  3. (monarchy) rex (“king”) or regina (“queen”); the initial by which a British monarch signs documents after his or her name
  4. (handbells) ring
  5. (chess) rook
  6. (baseball, cricket) runs, the statistic reporting the number of runs scored by a player
  7. (law) the Crown, the government of a monarchy (abbreviating rex (“king”) or regina (“queen”))
    The English case of R v R [1992] AC 599 ruled that rape can be committed by a husband against his wife.
  8. (especially in university catalogs) Thursday
    • 1986, Cornell University Courses of Study, page 250:
      Lecs, T R 9:05; lab, M T W R or F 1:25—4:25, or M or W 7:30—10:30 p.m.
    • 2000 August, M.W. Carter, “A Comprehensive Course Timetabling and Student Scheduling System at the University of Waterloo”, in Edmund Burke, Wilhelm Erben, editors, Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling III, Springer, published 2001, →ISBN, page 66:
      8:30 MWF (3 x 1 hour) […] 8:30-10 TR (2 x 1.5 hours)
    • 2007, W. Ted Mahavier, “Syllabus for Analysis” (Lamar University course syllabus), appendix II.A of Charles A. Coppin et al., The Moore Method: A Pathway to Learner-Centered Instruction, Mathematical Association of America (2009), →ISBN, page 201:
      Office Hours: MTWRF: 9:00–11:00, 1:30–3:00 or stop by my office anytime.
  9. (Philippines) region, in the sense of the regions of the Philippines

Adjective

edit

R

  1. (film certification) restricted
  2. reverse
  3. right (as opposed to left)

Proper noun

edit

R

  1. (religion) In the context of the documentary hypothesis, the Redactor(s) who compiled and edited the Torah.
    • 2006, David Ringo Miano, Shadow on the steps‎[1] (dissertation), UC San Diego, page 5:
      One needs to be careful, however, to distinguish between original P and the work of the later priestly Redactor (R), who edited P and other documents in the postexilic period.

See also

edit

Afar

edit

Letter

edit

R

  1. The twelfth letter in the Afar alphabet.

See also

edit

Afrikaans

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ɛr/

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Noun

edit

R (plural R'e, diminutive R'etjie)

  1. R

Azerbaijani

edit

Letter

edit

R upper case (lower case r)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Basque

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Central Franconian

edit

Etymology

edit
  • /ʀ/ is from West Germanic *r. In most dialects it is vowelised in two cases: (1.) between a short vowel and an alveolar, (2.) after a long vowel. Especially in the former case it may also be lost entirely.

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R

  1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
  2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notes

edit
Doubling of R
  • In the German-based spelling, r is doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem.
  • In the Dutch-based spelling, r is doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.

Chinese

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

R

  1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𢯎

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation 1

edit
Note: aa1 - Used by non-rhotic proficient speakers of English, mostly in Hong Kong.
Letter
edit

R

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation 2

edit
Letter
edit

R

  1. The eighteenth letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notes
edit
  • 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
  • The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).

Dutch

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (capital, lowercase r)

  1. the eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

edit
  • Previous letter: Q
  • Next letter: S

Esperanto

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Estonian

edit
 
Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Finnish

edit

Etymology

edit

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and R for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

French

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

German

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ɛr/, [ʔɛʁ], [ʔɛɐ̯]
  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /r/, [ʁ], [ɾ], [ɐ̯], [ː]
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the German alphabet.

Usage notes

edit
  • The letter R has a variety of possible realisations in contemporary German. Three positions must be distinguished:
    • Before vowels, the variation is mostly between a uvular consonant (fricative, approximant, or rarely trill) and an alveolar consonant (trill, flap, or rarely approximant). In northern, central, and south-western Germany, the alveolar pronunciation is now rare and chiefly restricted to the elderly generation of some areas. In south-eastern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol, it remains more common; but even in these regions the uvular R is gaining ground and is already strongly predominant in some parts (e.g. Vienna).
    • Word-finally and before consonants, most accents may vowelise R to [ɐ̯]~[ə̯], but in different ways. Vowelisation is commonest after long vowels and /ə/, where it is also prescribed in the broadcasting standard. A majority of speakers, however, vowelise R after short vowels, too. The resulting diphthongs may be contracted and length distinctions before vowelised R may be lost. The degree to which this happens differs regionally and idiolectally.
    • Before the syllable -en /ən/, many speakers also vowelise R, though this is commonest in fast or casual speech, and consonantal realisations may be retained depending on the rhythm of the phrase as well as the formality of the context.
edit

Hungarian

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈr]
  • (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈɛrː]

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

Declension

edit
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative R R-ek
accusative R-et R-eket
dative R-nek R-eknek
instrumental R-rel R-ekkel
causal-final R-ért R-ekért
translative R-ré R-ekké
terminative R-ig R-ekig
essive-formal R-ként R-ekként
essive-modal — —
inessive R-ben R-ekben
superessive R-en R-eken
adessive R-nél R-eknél
illative R-be R-ekbe
sublative R-re R-ekre
allative R-hez R-ekhez
elative R-ből R-ekből
delative R-ről R-ekről
ablative R-től R-ektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		R-é R-eké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		R-éi R-ekéi
Possessive forms of R
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. R-em R-jeim
2nd person sing. R-ed R-jeid
3rd person sing. R-je R-jei
1st person plural R-ünk R-jeink
2nd person plural R-etek R-jeitek
3rd person plural R-jük R-jeik

See also

edit

Icelandic

edit

Letter

edit

R (lower case r)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Ido

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Irish

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Italian

edit
 
Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case r)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Japanese

edit
 
R1年〜R2年

Etymology

edit

From the romanization, which begins with R (R).

Pronunciation

edit

Proper noun

edit

R(れいわ) • (Reiwa) 

  1. Abbreviation of 令和 (Reiwa).

Kashubian

edit

Etymology

edit

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Latin

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Proper noun

edit

R

  1. (especially coins) Abbreviation of Roma, Rome.
  2. Abbreviation of Romanus, Roman.
  3. Abbreviation of Rufus.

Noun

edit

R

  1. (Catholicism) Abbreviation of responsorium, responsory, breviary.
  2. (Judaism) Abbreviation of rabbī.

Adjective

edit

R (plural RR)

  1. Abbreviation of reverendus, holy, reverend.
  2. Abbreviation of reverendissimus, most holy, most reverend.

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • R in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Latvian

edit
 
Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

edit

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

edit
  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

edit
 
R

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Malay

edit
 
Malay Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ms

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Name of letter) IPA(key): [ar]
  • (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [r]
  • (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [(r)]

Letter

edit

R

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Nupe

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Polish

edit

Etymology

edit

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Portuguese

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Romani

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. (International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

References

edit
  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “R, r”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14

Romanian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called er, re, or rî and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Scottish Gaelic

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by p and followed by s. Its traditional name is ruis (“elder”).

See also

edit

Silesian

edit

Etymology

edit

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Skolt Sami

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (lower case r)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Slovene

edit
 
Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Letter

edit

R (capital, lowercase r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. The twenty-fifth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
  3. The nineteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Somali

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R upper case (lower case r)

  1. The eighth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ra and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

edit
  1. The eighth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by D and followed by S.

See also

edit

Spanish

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. the 19th letter of the Spanish alphabet

Swedish

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Tagalog

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Spanish R. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English R.
  • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da/ra).
  • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish R.

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key): /ˈʔaɾ/ [ˈʔaɾ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • IPA(key): /ˈɾa/ [ˈɾa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
      • Rhymes: -a
    • IPA(key): /ˈʔeɾe/ [ˈʔɛː.ɾɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
    • IPA(key): /ɾ/ [ɾ] (phoneme)

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ar and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜇ)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ra and written in the Latin script.

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ)

  1. (historical) The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ere and written in the Latin script.

Further reading

edit
  • “R”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit


Vietnamese

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ zəː˨˩], [zəː˨˩]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ʐəː˦˩], [ʐəː˦˩]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ɹəː˨˩], [ɹəː˨˩]
  • Phonetic spelling: e rờ, rờ

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e-rờ or rờ and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Welsh

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Welsh alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ph and followed by Rh.

Mutation

edit
  • R cannot be mutated in Welsh.

See also

edit

Further reading

edit
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “R”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called rí and written in the Latin script.

See also

edit

Zulu

edit

Letter

edit

R (upper case, lower case r)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=R&oldid=82872396"
pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy