무

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무 U+BB34, 무
HANGUL SYLLABLE MU
Composition:ㅁ + ㅜ
← 묳
[U+BB33] 		Hangul Syllables 묵 →
[U+BB35]
무묵묶묷문묹묺
묻물묽묾묿뭀뭁
뭂뭃뭄뭅뭆뭇뭈
뭉뭊뭋뭌뭍뭎뭏
묘 ←→ 뭐

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From earlier 무우 (muu) (unstandardized in South Korea in 1988), from Middle Korean 무ᅀᅮ (Yale: mwùzwù), connective form before suffixes 무ᇫㅇ (Yale: mwùzG-), from pre-Middle Korean *mwusuk.[1] Dialects commonly preserve the medial /-s-/.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?mu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?mu
McCune–Reischauer?mu
Yale Romanization?mū

Noun

[edit]
무 (mu, “rutabaga”)

무 • (mu)

  1. Korean radish, a variety of daikon commonly consumed in Korea (both the plant and its edible root)
    Synonym: (rare) 나복(蘿蔔) (nabok)
  2. (by extension) similar root vegetables, including other daikons, rutabagas, swedes, and yellow turnips
Alternative forms
[edit]
Historical and regional synonyms of 무 (mu, “radish”)
view map; edit data
GroupRegionLocationWords
Standardised formsSouth Korean Standard Language무 (mū)
North Korean Cultured Language무 (mū), 무우 (muu)
Historical formsMiddle Korean무ᅀᅮ (mwùzwù) (isolation), 무ᇫㅇ (mwùzG-) (connective)
Early Modern Seoul Korean무우 (muu)
Central KoreanGyeonggiModern colloquial Seoul무 (mu)
Traditional Seoul무 (mū)
Kaesong무유 (muyu)
Changpung무유 (muyu)
Yeoncheon무 (mū)
Paju무 (mū), 무이 (mu'i)
Pocheon무 (mū)
Ganghwa무이 (mu'i)
Gimpo무유 (muyu)
Goyang무 (mū), 무유 (muyu)
Yangju무 (mū)
Gapyeong무 (mū)
Siheung무 (mū)
Yangpyeong무 (mū)
Hwaseong무 (mū)
Yongin무 (mū)
Icheon무우 (muu), 무수 (musu)
Yeoju무 (mū)
Pyeongtaek무 (mū)
Anseong무수 (musu)
YeongseoChuncheon무 (mū), 무우 (muu)
Wonju무 (mū), 무수 (musu)
Kosan무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku)
Cheorwon무 (mū)
Hwacheon무 (mū)
Yanggu무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku)
Inje무 (mū), 무우 (muu), 무꾸 (mukku), 무수 (musu)
Hongcheon무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku), 무수 (musu)
Hoengseong무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku), 무수 (musu)
YeongdongGangneung무 (mū́), 무우 (mùú), 무우 (mũ̀ú), 무이 (mùí), 무꾸 (mùkkú)
Wonsan무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku)
Kumya무 (mū)
Kowon무 (mū)
Munchon무 (mū)
Anbyeon무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku)
Tongchon무 (mū)
Kosong무 (mū)
Yangyang무 (mū)
Samcheok무 (mū́), 무꾸 (mùkkú)
Pyeongchang무 (mū), 무우 (muu), 무수 (musu), 무꾸 (mukku)
Yeongwol무 (mū́), 무수 (mùsú), 무꾸 (mùkkú)
Jeongseon무우 (muu), 무꾸 (mukku)
North ChungcheongCheongju무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Jincheon무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Eumseong무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Chungju무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Jecheon무수 (musu), 무 (mū), 무우 (muu), 무꾸 (mukku)
Danyang무수 (musu), 무꾸 (mukku)
Goesan무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Boeun무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Okcheon무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Yeongdong무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
South ChungcheongDaejeon무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Seosan무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Dangjin무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Asan무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Cheonan무수 (musu), 무 (mū), 무우 (muu)
Yesan무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Hongseong무수 (musu), 무 (mū), 무우 (muu)
Cheongyang무수 (musu)
Gongju무수 (musu)
Yeongi무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Boryeong무수 (musu), 무이 (mu'i)
Buyeo무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Seocheon무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Nonsan무수 (musu), 무우 (muu)
Geumsan무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
South HwanghaeHaeju무유 (muyu)
Ongjin미우 (miu), 무 (mū)
Yonan무이 (mu'i)
Taetan미우 (miu)
Chaeryong미우 (miu), 무이 (mu'i)
Changyon미우 (miu)
Anak미우 (miu)
Unnyul미우 (miu)
North HwanghaeHwangju무 (mū), 무이 (mu'i)
Sohung미우 (miu)
Kumchon미우 (miu)
Singye무이 (mu'i)
Suan미우 (miu)
Koksan무이 (mu'i)
Gyeongsang KoreanNorth GyeongsangDaegu무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u)
Yeongju무'꾸 (mu kku)
Bonghwa무'꾸 (mu kku)
Uljin무'수 (mu su), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무 (mū́)
Mungyeong무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su), 무'꾸 (mu kku)
Yecheon무'수 (mu su), 무'꾸 (mu kku)
Andong무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u)
Yeongyang무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u)
Sangju무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku)
Uiseong무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku)
Cheongsong무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'수 (mu su), 무'우 (mu u)
Yeongdeok무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u)
Gimcheon무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku)
Gumi무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su)
Gunwi무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su)
Pohang무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u)
Seongju무'시 (mu si)
Chilgok무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무 (mū́)
Gyeongsan무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u)
Yeongcheon무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u)
Goryeong무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u)
Cheongdo무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su), 무'우 (mu u)
Gyeongju무'시 (mu si)
South GyeongsangBusan무'시 (mu si)
Ulsan무'시 (mu si)
Changwon무'시 (mu si)
Geochang무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u)
Hapcheon무'시 (mu si)
Changnyeong무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su)
Miryang무'시 (mu si)
Hamyang무'시 (mu si)
Sancheong무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su)
Uiryeong무'시 (mu si)
Hadong무'시 (mu si)
Jinju무'시 (mu si)
Haman무'시 (mu si)
Gimhae무'시 (mu si)
Yangsan무'시 (mu si)
Sacheon무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su)
Goseong무'시 (mu si)
Namhae무'시 (mu si)
Tongyeong무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su)
Geoje무'시 (mu si)
Ulju무'시 (mu si)
DiasporaYanbian (in general)무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'수 (mu su)
Tonghua무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku)
Jilin City무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku)
Liaoyuan무'꾸 (mu kku)
Changchun무'꾸 (mu kku)
Shenyang무'시 (mu si)
Benxi무'시 (mu si)
Anshan무'시 (mu si)
Tieling무'시 (mu si)
Harbin무'꾸 (mu kku)
Jiamusi무'꾸 (mu kku)
Yichun무'꾸 (mu kku)
Jeolla KoreanNorth JeollaJeonju무수 (musu)
Gunsan무수 (musu)
Iksan무수 (musu)
Wanju무수 (musu)
Jinan무수 (musu)
Muju무시 (musi), 무수 (musu), 무 (mū)
Gimje무시 (musi)
Buan무시 (musi)
Jeongeup무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Imsil무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Jangsu무시 (musi)
Gochang무수 (musu)
Sunchang무시 (musi), 무 (mū)
Namwon무시 (musi)
South JeollaGwangju무시 (musi)
Yeonggwang무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Jangseong무시 (musi)
Damyang무시 (musi)
Gokseong무시 (musi)
Gurye무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Hampyeong무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Sinan무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Muan무수 (musu)
Mokpo무시 (musi)
Naju무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Hwasun무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Suncheon무시 (musi)
Gwangyang무시 (musi)
Yeongam무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Jindo무수 (musu)
Haenam무수 (musu)
Gangjin무시 (musi), 무수 (musu)
Wando무시 (musi)
Jangheung무시 (musi)
Boseong무시 (musi)
Goheung무시 (musi)
Yeosu무시 (musi)
Pyongan KoreanSouth PyonganPyongyang무 (mū), 무이 (mu'i)
North PyonganPakchon무 (mū)
Nyongbyon무 (mū)
Kusong무 (mu)
Kanggye무 (mū)
Chasong무 (mu)
DiasporaTonghua무 (mu)
Shenyang무 (mu), 무우 (muu)
Dandong무 (mu)
Benxi무 (mu)
Yingkou무 (mu)
Panjin무 (mu)
Harbin무 (mu), 무우 (muu)
Hamgyong KoreanSouth HamgyongHamhung무 (mu), 무'끼 (mu kki)
Chongpyong무수 (musu), 무 (mu)
Yonggwang무'끼 (mu kki)
Sinhung무'끼 (mu kki)
Hongwon무'끼 (mu kki)
Pukchong무'끼 (mu kki)
Riwon무'끼 (mu kki)
Changjin무 (mu)
North HamgyongChongjin무'끼 (mu kki), 미'끼 (mi kki)
Kimchaek무'끼 (mu kki)
Kilju무'끼 (mu kki)
Kyongsong무'끼 (mu kki)
Puryong무'끼 (mu kki), 미'끼 (mi kki)
Rason무'끼 (mu kki)
Musan무'끼 (mu kki)
Hyesan무'끼 (mu kki)
Kapsan무'끼 (mu kki)
Pungso무'끼 (mu kki)
Samsu무'끼 (mu kki)
Kimhyongjik무 (mu)
DiasporaYanji무'끼 (mu kki), 므'끼 (meu kki), 무'꾸 (mu kku), '노배 ( nobae)
Tumen무'끼 (mu kki), 무'꾸 (mu kku), '노배 ( nobae), '노베 ( nobe)
Dunhua무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae)
Hunchun무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae)
Longjing무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae)
Helong무'끼 (mu kki)
Wangqing'노배 ( nobae)
Baishan무'끼 (mu kki)
Jilin City무'꾸 (mu kku) (informant's wife was a Gyeongsang speaker)
Mudanjiang무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae)
Jixi무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae)
Qitaihe무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae), '노베 ( nobe)
Shuangyashan무'끼 (mu kki)
Jiamusi'노배 ( nobae), '로베 ( robe)
Hegang무'끼 (mu kki)
Yukjin KoreanYukjinKyonghung무끼 (mùkkí) (possibly connective form followed by suffix -í)
Hoeryong무끼 (mùkkí) (possibly connective form followed by suffix -í)
Onsong무끼 (mùkkí) (possibly connective form followed by suffix -í)
DiasporaHunchun무수 (mùsù) (isolation), 무끼 (mùkkí) (isolation), 묶 (mùkk-) (connective), 노배 (nóbàe) (only Chinese radishes)
JejuJeju Cityᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi)
Daejeongᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi)
Gujwaᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi)
Seogwipoᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi)
Note: Forms listed as Northeastern may include Yukjin ones, because the consulted source did not distinguish beteen the two dialects.
This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas.
Derived terms
[edit]
trailing
leading
  • 무떡 (mutteok, “radish rice cake”)
  • 무말랭 (mumallaeng, “sliced radish dish”)
  • 무싹 (mussak, “radish sprouts”)
  • 무청 (mucheong, “radish leaves and stalks”)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 無 (“nothing, not being”), from the Middle Korean reading 무 (Yale: mwù).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?mu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?mu
McCune–Reischauer?mu
Yale Romanization?mu

Noun

[edit]

무 • (mu) (hanja 無)

  1. nothing, nothingness, nonexistence (especially as an abstract concept in opposition to existence)
    Antonym: 유(有) (yu)
    무에서 유를 창조하다
    mu-eseo yu-reul changjo-hada
    to create something out of nothing
  2. Used to count draws when marking scores in competitions and tournaments.
    1승 2무 1패
    ilseung imu ilpae
    one win, two draws, one loss
  3. (Buddhism) Given in response to a koan or a question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer.
    개가 불성이 있습니까? — 무!
    Gae-ga bulseong-i itseumnikka? - Mu!
    Does a dog have a Buddha-nature? — Mu!

Prefix

[edit]

무— • (mu-) (hanja 無)

  1. non-, un-, a-; a prefix marking an absence of something
    ‎무(無) (mu) + ‎공해(公害) (gonghae, “pollution”) → ‎무공해(無公害) (mugonghae, “non-polluting”)
    ‎무(無) (mu) + ‎소음(騷音) (so'eum, “noise”) → ‎무소음(無騷音) (muso'eum, “noiseless”)
    ‎무(無) (mu) + ‎매너 (maeneo, “manners”) → ‎무(無)매너 (mumaeneo, “no manners, rude”)

Derived terms

[edit]

See also

[edit]
  • 없다 (eopda), the Korean adjective expressing nonexistence

Etymology 3

[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 武, from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?mu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?mu
McCune–Reischauer?mu
Yale Romanization?mū

Noun

[edit]

무 • (mu) (hanja 武)

  1. (especially historical) martial ethos; the military arts; everything to do with warfare or (by extension) martial arts, especially as a concept in East Asian political theory
    Antonym: 문(文) (mun, “literary arts, literariness, civility”)
    Coordinate term: 문무(文武) (munmu, “literate arts and martial knowledge considered together”)
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 舞 (“dance”), from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?mu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?mu
McCune–Reischauer?mu
Yale Romanization?mū

Noun

[edit]

무 • (mu) (hanja 舞)

  1. (rather uncommon) dance
    Synonym: (more common) 춤 (chum)
    • 2016, “산청군민 무(舞)로 100세시대 건강 책임집니다 [sancheonggunmin muro 100sesidae geon'gang chaegimjimnida]”, in Gyeongnam Sinmun‎[1]:
      산청군이 산청아리랑 가락에 맞춰 제작한 '군민 무(舞)' 보급에 나선다.
      Sancheonggun-i Sancheong'arirang garag-e matchwo jejak-han gunmin mu bogeub-e naseonda.
      Sancheong County has launched a project to disseminate a dance for the county people, created according to the melodies of the Sancheong Arirang [a local folk song]."
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 5

[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 巫, from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?mu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?mu
McCune–Reischauer?mu
Yale Romanization?mū

Noun

[edit]

무 • (mu) (hanja 巫)

  1. (formal, uncommon) shamanism; in particular, Korean shamanism, the indigenous religion of Korea
    Synonyms: (much more common) 무속(巫俗) (musok), 무교(巫敎) (mugyo)
  2. (formal, uncommon) shaman; priest of Korean shamanism
    Synonyms: 무당(巫堂) (mudang), 무속인(巫俗人) (musogin); see also Thesaurus:무속인
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 6

[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 戊

Noun

[edit]

무 • (mu) (hanja 戊)

  1. the fifth of the ten heavenly stems
Coordinate terms
[edit]
one of ten heavenly stems

Etymology 7

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?mu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?mu
McCune–Reischauer?mu
Yale Romanization?mu

Noun

[edit]

무 • (mu)

  1. gusset (especially in traditional clothing)
See also
[edit]
  • 거셋 (geoset, “gusset”) (especially in modern clothing)
  • 마찌 (majji, “gusset”) (especially in modern clothing)

Etymology 8

[edit]

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 무 (Yale: mwù), 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).

Syllable

[edit]

무 (mu)

More information
  1. 無: not being, absent
    (eumhun reading: 없을 무 (eopseul mu))
    (MC reading: 無 (MC mju))
  2. 无: variant of 無
    (MC reading: 无 (MC mju|mu))
  3. 武: firm
    (eumhun reading: 굳셀 무 (gutsel mu))
    (MC reading: 武 (MC mjuX))
  4. 舞: dance
    (eumhun reading: 춤출 무 (chumchul mu))
    (MC reading: 舞 (MC mjuX))
  5. 貿: trade
    (eumhun reading: 무역할 무 (muyeokhal mu))
    (MC reading: 貿 (MC muwH))
  6. 務: effort
    (eumhun reading: 힘쓸 무 (himsseul mu))
    (MC reading: 務 (MC mjuH))
  7. 茂: lush
    (eumhun reading: 무성할 무 (museonghal mu))
    (MC reading: 茂 (MC muwH))
  8. 巫: shaman
    (eumhun reading: 무당 무 (mudang mu))
    (MC reading: 巫 (MC mju))
  9. 戊: a Heavenly Stem
    (eumhun reading: 천간 무 (cheon'gan mu))
    (MC reading: 戊 (MC muwH))
  10. 霧: fog
    (eumhun reading: 안개 무 (an'gae mu))
    (MC reading: 霧 (MC mjuH))
  11. 鵡: parrot
    (eumhun reading: 앵무 무 (aengmu mu))
    (MC reading: 鵡 (MC mjuX))
  12. 毋: do not
    (eumhun reading: 말 무 (mal mu))
    (MC reading: 毋 (MC mju))
  13. 畝: mu (unit of land)
    (eumhun reading: 이랑 무 (irang mu))
    (MC reading: 畝 (MC muwX))
  14. 撫: caress
    (eumhun reading: 어루만질 무 (eorumanjil mu))
    (MC reading: 撫 (MC phjuX))
  15. 蕪: coarse
    (eumhun reading: 거칠 무 (geochil mu))
    (MC reading: 蕪 (MC mju))
  16. 誣: deceive
    (eumhun reading: 속일 무 (sogil mu))
    (MC reading: 誣 (MC mju))
  17. 拇: thumb
    (eumhun reading: 엄지 무 (eomji mu))
    (MC reading: 拇 (MC muwX))
  18. 繆: interlock
    (eumhun reading: 얽을 무 (eolgeul mu))
    (MC reading: 繆 (MC mjuw|mjiw|mjiwH|mjuwk))
  19. 珷: type of jade
    (eumhun reading: 옥돌 무 (okdol mu))
    (MC reading: 珷 (MC mjuX))
  20. 嘸: unclear
    (eumhun reading: 불명할 무 (bulmyeonghal mu))
    (MC reading: 嘸)
  21. 廡: residence
    (eumhun reading: 집 무 (jip mu))
    (MC reading: 廡 (MC mjuX))
  22. 膴: strip of meat
    (eumhun reading: 포 무 (po mu))
    (MC reading: 膴 (MC mju|xu|mjuX))
  23. 騖: gallop
    (eumhun reading: 달릴 무 (dallil mu))
    (MC reading: 騖 (MC mjuH))
  24. 儛: dance
    (eumhun reading: 춤출 무 (chumchul mu))
    (MC reading: 儛 (MC mjuX))
  25. 懋: lush
    (eumhun reading: 무성할 무 (museonghal mu))
    (MC reading: 懋 (MC muwH))
  26. 楙: lush
    (eumhun reading: 무성할 무 (museonghal mu))
    (MC reading: 楙 (MC maw|muwH))
  27. 憮: caress
    (eumhun reading: 어루만질 무 (eorumanjil mu))
    (MC reading: 憮 (MC mju|mjuX))
  28. 㒇: caress
    (eumhun reading: 어루만질 무 (eorumanjil mu))
    (MC reading: 㒇 (MC mjuX))

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 147
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