勁

See also: 劲

勁 U+52C1, 勁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C1 ← 勀 [U+52C0] CJK Unified Ideographs 勂 → [U+52C2]

Translingual

Traditional	勁
Shinjitai (extended)	𠡍
Simplified	劲

Han character

勁 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一一大尸 (MMKS), four-corner 1412₇, composition ⿰巠力)

Derived characters

• 葝(𫈎) 𤠃 𥯙

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2349
• Dae Jaweon: page 332, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 371, character 4
• Unihan data for U+52C1

Chinese

trad.		勁
simp.		劲
alternative forms		⿰𰡮力 early simplified form 𠡍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (巠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
葝	*ɡeŋ, *ɡeŋ
頸	*keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ
勁	*kɯns, *keŋs
鑋	*kʰeŋ, *kʰeːŋs
輕	*kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs
涇	*ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ
經	*keːŋ, *keːŋs
鵛	*keːŋ
巠	*keːŋ
剄	*keːŋʔ
烴	*keːŋʔ
徑	*keːŋs
逕	*keːŋs
桱	*keːŋs
蛵	*qʰeːŋ
陘	*ɡeːŋ
鋞	*ɡeːŋ, *ɡeːŋʔ
脛	*ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs
踁	*ɡeːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology

Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging⁶ / ging³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Eastern Min (BUC): gêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gên³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Yale: jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ging⁶ / ging³
    • Yale: gihng / ging
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging⁶ / ging³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging⁶ / ging³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ²²/, /kɪŋ³³/

Note:

• ging6 - more common, especially when meaning “amazing; terrific; super”.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gên³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵cin
    • MiniDict: cin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjiengH

Rime
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居正切
Baxter	kjiengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭɛŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*keŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/, /*keŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiengH ›
Old Chinese	/*keŋ-s/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?)
English	strong
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勁	勁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6655	6790
Phonetic component	斤	巠
Rime group	文	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	靳	勁
Old Chinese	/*kɯns/	/*keŋs/
Notes	今訓讀爲劤

Definitions

勁

1. powerful; strong
2. vigorous; with energy; lively
3. (Cantonese) amazing; terrific

   好勁／好劲 [Cantonese]  ―  hou² ging⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  amazing

4. (Cantonese) very; super

   勁似／劲似 [Cantonese]  ―  ging⁶ ci⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  closely resembling

   勁煩／劲烦 [Cantonese]  ―  ging⁶ faan⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  super annoying

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 厲害 (“impressive; excellent; amazing; fantastic”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	牛, 牛兒, 牛屄 vulgar
	Taiwan	厲害, 棒
	Malaysia	厲害, 夠力
	Singapore	厲害
Cantonese	Guangzhou	犀利, 勁
	Hong Kong	犀利, 勁, 勁抽, 堅抽
	Penang (Guangfu)	犀利
	Singapore (Guangfu)	犀利, 勁
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	厲害, 慶
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	厲害, 慶, 壁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	厲害, 慶
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	厲害, 慶
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	厲害, 慶
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	厲害, 慶
	Hong Kong	叻
	Kuching (Hepo)	慶
Southern Min	Xiamen	厲害
	Shishi	厲害
	Zhao'an	厲害
	Tainan	厲害
	Penang (Hokkien)	厲害
	Singapore (Hokkien)	厲害, 勥, 𠢕
	Manila (Hokkien)	厲害, 勥, 𠢕
	Puning	厲害, 野
	Haifeng	厲害
	Singapore (Teochew)	厲害
Wu	Shanghai	結棍
	Suzhou	結棍
	Wuxi	結棍
	Hangzhou	結棍
	Ningbo	結棍
Xiang	Changsha	䏧腮

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìn, jìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³ / ging⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
• Eastern Min (BUC): géng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gên³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
    • Wade–Giles: chin⁴
    • Yale: jìn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (勁兒 / 劲儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìnr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìnr
    • Wade–Giles: chin⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: jìnr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiell
    • Palladius: цзиньр (czinʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiə̯ɻ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Yale: jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (勁兒 / 劲儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìngr
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: jìngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jienql
    • Palladius: цзинр (czinr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ging³ / ging⁶
    • Yale: ging / gihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³ / ging⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³ / ging⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/, /kɪŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: géng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gên³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵cin
    • MiniDict: cin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjiengH

Rime
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居正切
Baxter	kjiengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭɛŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*keŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/, /*keŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiengH ›
Old Chinese	/*keŋ-s/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?)
English	strong
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勁	勁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6655	6790
Phonetic component	斤	巠
Rime group	文	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	靳	勁
Old Chinese	/*kɯns/	/*keŋs/
Notes	今訓讀爲劤

Definitions

勁

1. vigor; energy; strength (Classifier: 股 m)
2. air; manner; expression (Classifier: 股 m)
3. interest; relish; gusto

Compounds

• 一個勁兒 / 一个劲儿 (yīgejìnr)
• 一股勁兒 / 一股劲儿
• 上勁 / 上劲
• 下勁 / 下劲 (xiàjìn)
• 下死勁 / 下死劲
• 不對勁 / 不对劲 (bùduìjìn)
• 不得勁 / 不得劲 (bùdéjìn)
• 來勁 / 来劲 (láijìn)
• 使勁 / 使劲 (shǐjìn)
• 傻勁 / 傻劲
• 傻勁兒 / 傻劲儿
• 內勁 / 内劲
• 冷勁 / 冷劲
• 別勁 / 别劲
• 剛勁 / 刚劲 (gāngjìng)
• 加勁 / 加劲 (jiājìn)
• 加把勁 / 加把劲 (jiābǎjìn)
• 努勁兒 / 努劲儿
• 勁兵 / 劲兵
• 勁力 / 劲力
• 勁吹 / 劲吹
• 勁士 / 劲士
• 勁射 / 劲射 (jìnshè)
• 勁弩 / 劲弩
• 勁拔 / 劲拔 (jìngbá)
• 勁捷 / 劲捷
• 勁敵 / 劲敌 (jìngdí)
• 勁旅 / 劲旅 (jìnglǜ)
• 勁氣 / 劲气
• 勁烈 / 劲烈
• 勁秀 / 劲秀
• 勁秋 / 劲秋
• 勁節 / 劲节
• 勁翮 / 劲翮
• 勁草 / 劲草 (jìngcǎo)
• 勁道 / 劲道 (jìndào)
• 勁道十足 / 劲道十足
• 勁頭 / 劲头 (jìntóu)
• 勁頭兒 / 劲头儿
• 勁風 / 劲风
• 勁骨豐肌 / 劲骨丰肌
• 動勁 / 动劲
• 卯勁 / 卯劲
• 口勁 / 口劲
• 吃勁 / 吃劲 (chījìn)
• 堅勁 / 坚劲 (jiānjìng)
• 夠勁 / 够劲
• 對勁 / 对劲 (duìjìn)
• 巧勁兒 / 巧劲儿
• 差勁 / 差劲 (chàjìn)
• 帶勁 / 带劲 (dàijìn)
• 幹勁 / 干劲 (gànjìn)
• 強勁 / 强劲 (qiángjìng)
• 後勁 / 后劲
• 得勁 / 得劲 (déjìn)
• 忖著勁兒 / 忖著劲儿
• 扭勁 / 扭劲
• 提不起勁 / 提不起劲
• 攢勁 / 攒劲
• 有勁 / 有劲 (yǒujìn)
• 果勁 / 果劲
• 標勁兒 / 标劲儿
• 橫勁 / 横劲
• 殊功勁節 / 殊功劲节
• 沒勁 / 没劲 (méijìn)
• 洋勁 / 洋劲
• 洩勁 / 泄劲 (xièjìn)
• 清風勁節 / 清风劲节
• 烹勁兒 / 烹劲儿
• 牛勁 / 牛劲
• 犯牛勁 / 犯牛劲
• 猛個勁 / 猛个劲
• 猛勁 / 猛劲
• 獨勁 / 独劲 (dújìn)
• 用勁 / 用劲 (yòngjìn)
• 疾風勁草 / 疾风劲草 (jífēngjìngcǎo)
• 發勁 / 发劲
• 直節勁氣 / 直节劲气
• 碰勁 / 碰劲
• 磨勁兒 / 磨劲儿
• 繃勁兒 / 绷劲儿
• 腳勁 / 脚劲
• 蒼勁 / 苍劲 (cāngjìng)
• 虎勁 / 虎劲
• 衝勁 / 冲劲
• 襠勁 / 裆劲
• 豁勁 / 豁劲
• 費勁 / 费劲 (fèijìn)
• 賣勁 / 卖劲
• 賣死勁 / 卖死劲
• 起勁 / 起劲 (qǐjìn)
• 較勁 / 较劲 (jiàojìn)
• 較勁兒 / 较劲儿
• 逞著勁兒 / 逞著劲儿
• 遒勁 / 遒劲 (qiújìng)
• 醋勁 / 醋劲 (cùjìn)
• 雄勁 / 雄劲 (xióngjìng)
• 高風勁節 / 高风劲节
• 鬆勁 / 松劲 (sōngjìn)
• 鬥勁 / 斗劲
• 鬧騰勁兒 / 闹腾劲儿

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	𠡍
Kyūjitai	勁

Kanji

勁

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𠡍)

1. Powerful, power.

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: けい (kei)
• Kun: つよい (tsuyoi, 勁い)
• Nanori: つよし (tsuyoshi)

Korean

Hanja

勁 (eum 경 (gyeong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

勁: Hán Nôm readings: kính, cứng, cánh, kình

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.