ce

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ce"

Languages (32)

Catalan • Central Nahuatl • Champenois • Classical Nahuatl • Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl • French • Friulian • Gun • Ido • Indonesian • Italian • Italiot Greek • Latin • Mandarin • Mapudungun • Middle English • Middle French • Neapolitan • Occitan • Old Irish • Pochutec • Polish • Romanian • Spanish • Tagalog • Tarantino • Tocharian B • Turkish • Welsh • Zarma

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

ce

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Chechen.

English

Pronunciation

enPR: sē, IPA^(key): /siː/

Rhymes: -iː

Homophones: C, sea, see

Noun

ce (plural ces)

Alternative form of cee (“the letter C”)
- 2003, David Sacks, The Alphabet: Unraveling the Mystery of the Alphabet from A to Z, page 89:
  [T]hat spelling, but not the pronunciation, supplies our own name for the letter: “ce” or “cee.”

Anagrams

E.C., EC, ec.

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈse]
Rhymes: -e

Noun

ce f (plural ces)

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Derived terms

ce trencada

Central Nahuatl

**Central Nahuatl cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : ce Ordinal : inic ce

Etymology

Cognate to Classical Nahuatl ce

Numeral

ce

one.

Champenois

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old French cel, from Vulgar Latin *ecce ille.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/

Determiner

ce

(Troyen) this, that

References

Daunay, Jean (1998) Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎^[2] (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
Baudoin, Alphonse (1885) Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux‎^[3] (in French), Troyes

Classical Nahuatl

**Classical Nahuatl numbers ^(edit)**
	10
	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: ce Ordinal: ic ce Adverbial: ceppa Distributive: cēcen, cehcen

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [se]

Numeral

ce

(it is) one in number.
- 1555, Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 250r:
  ¶Vno o vna.Ce.
  ¶ One. Ce.
- 1571, Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, f. 118v. col. 1:
  ¶ Vno o vna. Ce.
  ¶ One. Ce.
- Idem, f. 15r. col. 1.
  C E.vno o vna, / vel,centetl.
  C E. one. also centetl.

Usage notes

The combing form of ce is cen- (or cem- before m and p).

Derived terms

References

Alonso de Molina (1571) Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, Editorial Porrúa, pages 118v, 15r

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

**Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : ce Ordinal : achtohui

Etymology

Cognate to Classical Nahuatl ce

Numeral

ce

one.

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə/
(Paris) IPA^(key): /sø/
Audio (Paris): (file)
Rhymes: -ə
Homophone: se

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French cel, cil, from Vulgar Latin *ecce ille. See also celui, derived from the oblique cases of the same.

The inflected forms continue Old French cest, cist, from Vulgar Latin *ecce iste.

Determiner

ce m (before a vowel sound cet, feminine cette, plural ces)

this, that

Usage notes

To distinguish between the this and that senses, one may use the particles -ci and -là, respectively. See also celui-ci and celui-là, or ceci and cela.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old French ço, from Late Latin ecce hoc.

Alternative forms

c’ (before the vowels /ɛ/, /y/)
ç’^[1] (dated, before the vowel /a/)

Pronoun

ce m or f (plural ce)

(subject of être, with predicative adjectives or relative clauses, singular only) it, this, that (see § Usage notes, below)
C’est beau ! ― It is beautiful!

est-ce que...? ― forms yes–no questions (literally, “is it that...?”)

ce dont je parlais ― that which I was speaking of

C’eût été avec plaisir, mais... ― It would have been with pleasure, but...

C’eût été dommage... ― It would have been a pity...
(subject of être, with predicate nouns) he, she, it, this, that
C’est un/une célébrité. ― He/she is a celebrity.

Ce sont des célébrités. ― These are celebrities.

Ce sont des gens bien. ― These are good people.
- 1897, Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac :
  C'est un roc ! ... c'est un pic ! ... c'est un cap ! Que dis-je, c'est un cap ? ... C'est une péninsule !
  It's a rock! ... it's a peak! ... it's a cape! What am I saying, a cape? ... It's a peninsula!
(archaic, subject of verbs other than être) it, this, that
ce semble ― it seems

ce peuvent être... ― these may be...
- 1866, Guérineau de Boisvillette, Ce qu'il a laissé!‎^[4], page 56:
  [...] ce paraissent être encore là des points à noter [...]
  […] these seem to be more points worth noting […]

Usage notes

(1): To convey the plural with a predicative adjective, one must use ils m or elles f (“they”):

Ils/Elles sont beaux/belles ! ― They are beautiful!

And to convey the plural with a relative clause, one must use ceux m or celles f (plural forms of celui m and celle f):

ceux/celles que... ― those which...

ceux/celles qui... ― those who/that...

ceux/celles dont je parlais... ― those which I was speaking of...

Derived terms

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je, j’	me, m’		—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu	te, t’		—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	le, l’	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle	la, l’	lui	y	en	elle
		Indeterminate	on¹	—	—	—	—	—
		Reflexive	—	se, s’⁴		—	—	soi⁴
Plural	First	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous²	vous²^,3		—	—	vous²
	Third	Masculine	ils³	les	leur	y	en	eux³
	Third	Feminine	elles	les	leur	y	en	elles

¹ Also used as the first person plural.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

³ Also used when a group has both men and women.

⁴ Also used as third person plural reflexive.

References

^ Louis Philipon De La Madelaine (1802) Des homonymes français ou mots qui dans notre langue se ressemblent par le son et diffèrent par le sens‎^[1], page 85

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin quid. Compare Italian che, Venetan ché, Romanian ce.

Pronoun

ce

what

Gun

Alternative forms

ṣié, ṣé (Nigeria)

Etymology

Cognates include Fon cé

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃé/

Determiner

cé (Benin)

my (first-person singular possessive adjective)

Ido

Etymology

From c +‎ -e.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡se/, /t͡sɛ/

Noun

ce (plural ce-i)

The name of the Latin script letter C/c.

Indonesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃe/, [t͡ʃe]

Noun

cé (plural ce-ce)

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Synonyms

si (Standard Malay)

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃe/
Rhymes: -e
Hyphenation: cé

Etymology 1

Pronoun

ce

Alternative form of ci (“us”)

Usage notes

Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

ce

here

Italiot Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek καί (kaí).

Conjunction

ce

and

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /keː/, [keː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃe/, [t͡ʃɛː]

Noun

cē f (indeclinable)

The name of the letter C.

Coordinate terms

(Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

“ce”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ce”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
ce in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Mandarin

Romanization

ce

Nonstandard spelling of cè.
Nonstandard spelling of cê̄.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mapudungun

Alternative forms

che (Unified Alphabet)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃe/

Noun

ce (Raguileo spelling)

References

Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English sǣ.

Noun

ce

Alternative form of see (“sea”)

Descendants

English: sea

Etymology 2

From Old French sei.

Noun

ce

Alternative form of see (“see”)

Descendants

English: see

Middle French

Adjective

ce m (feminine singular ceste, masculine and feminine plural ces, masculine singular before a vowel cest)

this (the one in question)
- 1571, Pedro Díaz, Dallier, Nouueaux advertissemens trescertains venus du paÿs des Indes Meridionales […] page 5
  Mais considerant que les Chrestiens nouvellement faits en ce pays, estoient en si grand nombre que nous ne les pouvions visiter
  But considering that the newly made Christians in this country were so numerous that we couldn't visit all of them

Neapolitan

Etymology

Akin to Italian ci; see there for more.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /(t)ʃe/
Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

ce (adverbial)

there (at a place)

Occitan

Noun

ce f (plural ces)

cee (the letter c)

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʲe/

Pronoun

ce

Alternative form of cía

Conjunction

ce

Alternative form of cía
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10^c21
  Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.
  It would be a fruit of our labor in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 33^a15
  Fomnid-si, a phopul núíednissi, ar ce dud·rónath ní di maith fri maccu Israhél…
  Take heed, O people of the New Testament, for although some good has been done to the children of Israel…
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 34^a4
  ɔrabad cech bráthair post alium .i. is huisse ce ru·samaltar fri Críst
  so that each brother should be after the other, i.e. it is right that he be compared to Christ

Pochutec

Etymology

C.f. Classical Nahuatl cē.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈse/

Numeral

ce

one

References

Boas, Franz (1917 July) “El Dialecto mexicano de Pochutla, Oaxaca”, in International Journal of American Linguistics (in Spanish), volume 1, number 1, →DOI, →JSTOR, pages 9–44
Knab, Tim (1980 July) “When is a language really dead: The case of Pochutec”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 46, number 3, →DOI, →JSTOR, pages 230–233

Polish

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

(Masovia):
- (Near Masovian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɛ/

Interjection

ce

(Near Masovian, often repeated) used to call
Synonym: cieś

Coordinate term: a ce

Derived terms

nouns

ceśka

Romanian

Alternative forms

че (ce) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Latin quid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, compare *kʷis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃe/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

ce

what
Ce vrei să faci?
What do you want to do?

Related terms

ci

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Spain) /ˈθe/ [ˈθe]
IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈse/ [ˈse]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: ce
Homophones: se, (Latin America) sé

Noun

ce f (plural ces)

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Derived terms

ce por be

Tagalog

Alternative forms

se

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish ce, the Spanish name of the letter C/c.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈse/ [ˈsɛ]
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: ce

Noun

ce (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter C/c, in the Abecedario
Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) si

Tarantino

Pronoun

ce (relative)

who

Conjunction

ce

if

Tocharian B

Etymology

Clipping of kuce, used colloquially and informally.

Pronoun

ce

(interrogative) who, what, which

Turkish

Noun

ce

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /keː/

Noun

ce f (plural ceau)

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Mutation

This word cannot be mutated.

Zarma

Etymology

Cognate with Koyraboro Senni cee (“foot”).

Noun

ce

foot, leg

[1] Louis Philipon De La Madelaine (1802) Des homonymes français ou mots qui dans notre langue se ressemblent par le son et diffèrent par le sens‎^[1], page 85

[1]

Gungbe personal pronouns
Number	Person	Emphatic Pronoun	Subject Pronoun	Object Pronoun	Possessive Determiner
Singular	First	nyɛ́, yẹ́n	ùn, n	mi	cé, ṣié
	Second	jɛ̀, jẹ̀, yẹ̀, hiẹ̀	à	wè	tòwè
	Third	éɔ̀, úɔ̀, éwọ̀	é	è	étɔ̀n, étọ̀n
Plural	First	mílɛ́, mílẹ́	mí		mítɔ̀n, mítọ̀n
	Second	mìlɛ́, mìlẹ́	mì		mìtɔ̀n, mìtọ̀n
	Third	yélɛ́, yélẹ́	yé		yétɔ̀n, yétọ̀n

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Reflexive	Accusative	Dative	Combined	Disjunctive	Locative	Partitive
Singular	first	—	io	mi, m', -mi			me	me	—
	second	—	tu	ti, t', -ti			te	te	—
	third	m	lui	si², s', -si	lo, l', -lo	gli, -gli	glie, se²	lui, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
	third	f	lei, Lei¹	si², s', -si	la, La¹, l', L'¹, -la, -La¹	le³, Le¹, -le³, -Le¹	glie, se²	lei, Lei¹, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
Plural	first	—	noi	ci, c', -ci			ce	noi	—
	second	—	voi, Voi⁴	vi, Vi⁴, v', V'⁴, -vi, -Vi⁴			ve	voi, Voi⁴	—
	third	m	loro, Loro¹	si, s', -si	li, Li¹, -li, -Li¹	gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro¹	glie, se	loro, Loro¹, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
	third	f	loro, Loro¹	si, s', -si	le, Le¹, -le, -Le¹	gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro¹	glie, se	loro, Loro¹, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
¹	Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
²	Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
³	Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
⁴	Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Translingual

Symbol

English

Pronunciation

Noun

Anagrams

Catalan

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Central Nahuatl

Etymology

Numeral

Champenois

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Determiner

References

Classical Nahuatl

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

Usage notes

Derived terms

References

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Etymology

Numeral

French

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Determiner

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronoun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Further reading

Friulian

Etymology

Pronoun

See also

Gun

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Determiner

See also

Ido

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

See also

Further reading

Italian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Usage notes

See also

Etymology 2

Adverb

Italiot Greek

Etymology

Conjunction

Latin

Pronunciation

Noun

Coordinate terms

References

Mandarin