i

See also: I and Appendix:Variations of "i"

i U+0069, i LATIN SMALL LETTER I ← h [U+0068] Basic Latin j → [U+006A]

Character variations

ⁱ U+2071, ⁱ SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I [unassigned: U+2072–U+2073] ← ⁰ [U+2070] Superscripts and Subscripts ⁴ → [U+2074]

ⅰ U+2170, ⅰ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE ← Ⅿ [U+216F] Number Forms ⅱ → [U+2171]

ｉ U+FF49, ｉ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER I ← ｈ [U+FF48] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｊ → [U+FF4A]

Languages (154)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology 1

Lower case variation of upper case I, from Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “Iota”).

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

i (upper case İ)

1. In the Turkish alphabet and its descendants, the lower-case form of dotted capital İ, which contrasts with ı as the lower-case form of dotless capital I.

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter I):  Íí  Ìì  Ĭĭ  Îî  Ǐǐ  Ïï  Ḯḯ  Ĩĩ  Įį  Īī  Ỉỉ  Ȉȉ  Ȋȋ  Ịị  Ḭḭ  Ɨɨɨ̆  ᵻ  ᶖ   İi   Iı  ɪ  Ｉｉ  fi  ffi  IJij  IJij
• (Letters with dot):  Ȧȧ  Ạạ  Ặặ  Ậậ  Ǡǡ  Ḃḃ  Ḅḅ  Ċċ  Ḋḋ  Ḍḍ  Ėė  Ẹẹ  Ḟḟ  Ġġ  Ḣḣ  Ḥḥ  Ii  İi  Iı  Ịị  Ḳḳ  Ḷḷ  Ṁṁ  Ṃṃ  Ṅṅ  Ṇṇ  Ȯȯ  Ọọ  Ợợ  Ṗṗ  Ṙṙ  Ṛṛ  Ṡṡ  Ṣṣ  ẛ  Ṫṫ  Ṭṭ  Ụụ  Ựự  Ṿṿ  Ẇẇ  Ẉẉ  Ẋẋ  Ẏẏ  Ỵỵ  Żż  Ẓẓ

Derived symbols

• j
• ɨ — IPA
• İ and ı — Turkish

Similar and related symbols

• Ι and ι — Greek
• І and і — Cyrillic I, used in Belarusian and Ukrainian
• Ӏ and ӏ — Cyrillic palochka, used in the Caucasian languages
• ا — Arabic (alif)
• 1 — Arabic numeral
• Ꭵ — Cherokee (IPA: ə̃)
• ᛁ — Runic
• ɪ — IPA

Etymology 2

• (mathematics, imaginary number): abbreviation of imaginary
• (engineering, electric current): abbreviation of French intensité du courant first used by M. André-Marie Ampère
• (computer programming, generic index): abbreviation of index
• (linguistics): abbreviation of identity

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation of IPA [iː]:

  (file)

Symbol

i

1. (mathematics, often in italics or bold) The imaginary unit; a fixed square root of -1. Graphically, $i$ is shown on the vertical (y-axis) plane.

   Synonym: j

   a+bi with a is real part and b is imaginary part

2. (engineering, often in bold) The current flow in an electric circuit, frequently measured in amperes.

   v=ir (Ohm's Law)

3. (mathematics, programming) A common variable name representing a generic index, especially in loops.

   Synonym: j

4. (IPA, romanization) a close front unrounded vowel.
5. (superscript ⟨ⁱ⟩, IPA) [i]-coloring, an [i] on-glide or off-glide (a diphthong), or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [i].
6. (international standards) transliterates Indic इ (or equivalent).
7. (financial mathematics) annual effective interest rate
8. (subscript, linguistics) indicates that two items are identical or coreferential (refer to the same thing). E.g. CV_iCV_i means a sequence of consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel, where the two V's are the same vowel; Sally_i ... she_i means that 'she' refers to 'Sally'. A second identity may be indicated with j.

Etymology 3

Lower case form of upper case Roman numeral I, apparently derived from the shape of a notch scored across a tally stick.

Alternative forms

• I, Ⅰ, ⅰ

Numeral

i (lower case Roman numeral, upper case I)

1. cardinal number one.
2. (music) minor tonic triad

See also

• Next: ii (2)
• Roman numerals

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of I, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase I in Fraktur

See also

Other representations of I:

NATO phonetic: India Morse code: ·· Braille: ⠊ ASL Manual: I

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

English

Etymology 1

From Latin i, minuscule of I.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /aɪ/, /ɪ/, /i/
• (letter name): enPR: ī, IPA^(key): /aɪ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪ
• Homophones: aye, eye

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I, plural is or i's)

1. The ninth letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

The English letter i represents many different sounds, often the diphthong /aɪ/ (from Middle English /iː/), as in the pronoun I, or /ɪ/ as in bit.

See also

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Number

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ordinal number ninth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Noun

i (plural ies)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.
   • the position of an i-dot (the dot of an i)
   • i-mutation, i-umlaut

Alternative forms

• eye

Derived terms

• dot the i's and cross the t's
• i-adjective
• i-breve
• i-dotter
• i-dotting
• i-mutation
• i-stem
• i-word
• long i
• short i

 

Translations

See i/translations § Noun.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed ^{(Category: en:Latin letter names)}

Etymology 2

From Old English iċ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɪ/
• Rhymes: -aɪ
• Homophones: aye, eye

Pronoun

i

1. (nonstandard) Alternative letter-case form of I
   • 1762, Benj[amin] Stillingfleet, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Natural History, Husbandry, and Physick. To Which Is Added the Calendar of Flora., 2nd edition, London: […] R. and J. Dodsley, […]; S. Baker, […]; and T. Payne, […], pages 30 and 32:

     Here follow ſome few lines in the original, which not underſtanding i have omitted. […] Laſtly that amidſt ſo many viciſſitudes of fortune, to which I have been expoſed, amongſt all the goods, i ſay, and evils, the joyfull and gloomy, the pleaſing, and diſagreeable circumſtances of life, thou endowedſt me with an equal, conſtant, manly, and ſuperior ſpirit on every occaſion.

Usage notes

• Also used in instant messaging due to limitations of entering capitals on a mobile phone's keypad.
• Sometimes to indicate informality, primarily in typed media

Etymology 3

Abbreviations.

1. (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨i⟩
2. (stenoscript) the long vowel /aɪ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written.)
3. (stenoscript) the words if, is, it, its

Acehnese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Noun

i

1. water

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Adangme

Pronoun

i

1. I

   I suɔ mo. ― I love you.

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Preposition

i m

1. masculine singular preposition
2. of (+ dative)

   Fisi i Malësorëve. ― The tribe of Highlanders.

   Fisi i Malësorëvet. ― The tribe of the Highlanders.

Article

i m

1. masculine singular nominative adjectival article
2. the

   Shkurt. I shkurt. I shkurti. ― Short. Short one. The short one. or Short. Shorty. The shorty.

   Madh. I madhi zot. / Zoti i madh. ― Great. The great god.

See also

See Appendix:Albanian adjectival articles for other forms.

Numeral

i (Gheg)

1. Dialectal form of një

Related terms

• e, të, së

Alemannic German

Pronoun

i (unstressed)

1. I (first-person singular pronoun)

   Synonym: (stressed) ich

Ama

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ĩː/

Noun

i

1. tooth

Anambé

Noun

i

1. water

Further reading

• Paul Ehrenreich, Materialien zur Sprachenkunde Brasiliens IV: Vocabulare der Guajajara und Anambē (Para) (1895) (i)
• Wolf Dietrich, Correspondências fonológicas e lexicais entre Karitiána (Arikém, Tupí) e Tupí-Guaraní (y)

Araweté

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Eliete de Jesus Bararuá Solano, Descrição gramatical da Língua Araweté, page 80, 2009

Aruá

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Čestmír Loukotka, Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes Sud Américains, JSAP 52: 7-60 (1963), page 44

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɪ/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case İ)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) hərf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Əə, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Xx, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Qq, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Bambara

Pronoun

í

1. thou, you (singular)

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Basque alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

i (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• y (Niederbayerisch)

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Cognates include German ich and Yiddish איך (ikh).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i(ː)/, (stressed) [iː], (unstressed) [ɪ], [e]

Pronoun

i

1. I
   • 2013, “I halts nit aus [I can't endure it]”, performed by Hannah:

     I halts nit aus, des Scheißgefühl, i kann di doch liaben wann und wo i will!

     I can't endure this shitty feeling, I can, after all, love you when and where I want!

See also

Bavarian personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1st person singular		i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2nd person singular (informal)		du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
2nd person singular (formal)		Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
	n	es, des	's	des	's
	f	se, de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1st person plural		mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2nd person plural		eß, ihr	—	enk, eich	—	enk, eich	—
3rd person plural		se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Bislama

Particle

i

1. Separates the subject of a sentence from the predicate, used when the subject is a pronoun or a noun

Borôro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Noun

i

1. tree

Bourguignon

Alternative forms

• je (rare)

Etymology

From Old French je, from Vulgar Latin eo, from Latin ego. Near cognates include Franc-Comtois i and standard French je.

Pronoun

i

1. I

   I panse qu'i seus maulaide. ― I think that I'm sick.

   I t'aime. ― I love you.

2. we

Related terms

See Appendix:Bourguignon personal pronouns.

Cameroon Pidgin

Alternative forms

• he, she, it (in higher registers closer to English with corresponding gender distinction)
• il, ele (Camfranglais with Romance gender distinction)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Pronoun

i

1. 3rd person singular subject personal pronoun

See also

Cameroonian Pidgin personal pronouns

Subject personal pronouns
		singular	plural
1st person		I	we, wu
2nd person		you	wuna
3rd person		i	dey
Object and topic personal pronouns
1st person		me	we
2nd person		you	wuna
3rd person		yi, -am	dem, -am

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈi]

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

• Homophone: hi
• Rhymes: -i

Noun

i f (plural is)

1. the Latin letter I (lowercase i)

Derived terms

• i comercial
• i grega

Etymology 2

From Old Catalan e.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [i]
• Homophone: hi
• Rhymes: -i

Conjunction

i

1. and; used to connect two similar words, phrases, sentences, etc.; as well as; together with; in addition to

   Hi ha moltes colomes i teuladins. ― There are many pigeons and sparrows.

   Ella escriu els articles i ell els il·lustra amb els seus dibuixos. ― She writes the articles and he illustrates them with his drawings.

Alternative forms

• y (obsolete)
• e (medieval, obsolete)

References

• “i” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “i”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “i” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “i” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cèmuhî

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *kutu.

Noun

i

1. louse

References

• Jim Hollyman,K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, page 52, 1999

Chuukese

Pronoun

i

1. him
2. her
3. it

Related terms

Chuukese personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ngaang, nganga, ngang	áám, am (exclusive) kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person		een, en	áámi, ami
3rd person		iiy, i	iir, ir

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• ich (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Cognate with German ich, English I.

Pronoun

i

1. (Luserna) I

   I hån an pruadar un a sbestar. ― I have a brother and a sister.

Inflection

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	iar
3rd person	er, si, 'z	se

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Classical Nahuatl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Verb

ī

1. (transitive) to drink

Cornish

Pronoun

i

1. they

Corsican

Etymology

From the earlier li. Compare Italian i (“the”) and Romanian îi (“them”).

Article

i m pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, feminine plural e)

1. the (masculine plural)

Usage notes

• Before a vowel, i turns into l'.

Pronoun

i m pl

1. them (direct object)

Usage notes

• Before a vowel, i turns into l'.

See also

Corsican personal pronouns

		Nominative	Dative	Accusative	Disjunctive
Singular	1st person	eiu	mi		mè
	2nd person	tù	ti		tè
	3rd person m	ellu	li	u, l'	ellu
	3rd person f	ella		a, l'	ella
Plural	1st person	noi	ci		noi
	2nd person	voi	vi		voi
	3rd person m	elli	li	i, l'	elli
	3rd person f	elle		e, l'	elle

References

• https://infcor.adecec.net/

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Conjunction

i

1. and (also), and even

   Synonyms: (Moravian) aj, (Moravian) aji

2. even (implying an extreme example, used at the beginning of sentences)

   Synonyms: (Moravian) aj, (Moravian) aji

   I slepá veverka někdy najde ořech. ― Even a blind squirrel finds an acorn sometimes.

Derived terms

• i když

 

Further reading

• “i”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “i”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille. Compare Italian i, gli.

Article

i

1. the; masculine plural definite article

Related terms

• el
• la
• le

Dama (Sierra Leone)

Etymology

Likely cognate with Vai [script needed] (i, “you”).

Pronoun

i

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
   2. you (second-person singular person pronoun)

Usage notes

The rememberer who glossed this word did so as "I", but Dalby proposes that this is an error, based on the Vai pronouns.

References

• Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -i
• Homophone: I
• Rhymes: -iː

Preposition

i

1. in, inside
2. Indicates exponentiation.

   Tre i femte. ― Three to the power of five. (short for tre i femte potens, three in fifth power). [note that the exponent is in the ordinal form]

3. for (some duration)

   Jeg har boet her i tre år. ― I have lived here for three years.

4. Used to indicate a past time or period when something took place.

   Han fyldte seks år i mandags. ― He turned six years old on Monday.

5. Used to indicate regular presence in a location.

   Pigen går i gymnasiet og er 17 år ― The girl goes to high school and is 17 years old.

6. Used in conjunction with time to indicate a number of minutes before a full hour.

   Fem minutter i tolv. ― Five minutes to twelve.

7. Used when indicating that something is happening or repeated a number of times within each time period .

   Tre gange i timen. ― Three times a day

8. Indicates affiliation with a profession.

   Professor i fysik ― Professor of physics

Drehu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Noun

i

1. fish

References

• Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983) Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
• Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a (Á á, Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, Ë ë), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï, IJ ij), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y (Ý ý), Z z

Elfdalian

Etymology

From Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in. Cognate with Swedish i.

Preposition

i

1. in

Emilian

Alternative forms

• j- (before vowels)
• -i (after consonant)
• -j (after vowels)

Etymology

From Latin illī (“they”) (nominative plural of ille).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Hyphenation: i

Pronoun

i (personal)

1. (nominative case, masculine) they
2. (accusative case, masculine) them

Related terms

Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)

Number	Person	Gender	Disjunctive (tonic)	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Reflexive (-self)	Comitative (with)
Singular	First	—	mè	a	me			mêg
	Second	—	tè	et	te			têg
	Third	Masculine	ló	al		ge	se	sêg
		Feminine	lê	la
Plural	First	Masculine	nuēter	a	se			nōsk
		Feminine	nuētri
	Second	Masculine	vuēter	a	ve			vōsk
		Feminine	vuētri
	Third	Masculine	lôr	i		ge	se	sêg
		Feminine		el	li

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /i/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The twelfth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) litero; Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Jj, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz

Noun

i (accusative singular i-on, plural i-oj, accusative plural i-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiː/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ii and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

Extremaduran

Conjunction

i

1. and

Fala

Alternative forms

• e, y

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese e.

Conjunction

i

1. and (expressing two elements to be taken together)

Quotations

For more quotations using this term, see Citations:i.

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/
• Homophone: y

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The tenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø

Noun

i n (genitive singular is, plural i)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

Declension

Declension of i
n4	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	i	iið	i	iini
accusative	i	iið	i	iini
dative	i, ii	inum	ium	iunum
genitive	is	isins	ia	ianna

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and i for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• Audio; “ii, Inari, liivi, ii”:

  (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ii and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Foi

Noun

i

1. eye
2. seventeen
3. twenty-one

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

i m (plural is)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

Derived terms

• droit comme un i
• i grec
• mettre les points sur les i

Friulian

Friulian Definite Articles
	singular	plural
masculine	il l'	i
feminine	la l'	lis

Etymology

From Latin illi.

Article

i m pl (singular il)

1. the

Pronoun

i (third person masculine/ feminine indirect object)

1. to him
2. to her

See also

• la, lis
• lui, jê, lu, le

Fula

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

Galician

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

i m (plural is)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• y

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [j]

Particle

i

1. an antihiatical particle that, due to sandhi, can precede a word which begins with a vowel sound after a word which ends with vowel sound; now rarely represented in written language
   • 1594, anonymous author, Entremés dos pastores:

     Ay Jan cata non te enfermes, nen sentencies con malicia, cata que a yalma perdes.

     Oh, Xan, watch out, don't get sick, nor sentence with meanness, watch out that your soul you're losing

Gothic

Romanization

i

1. Romanization of 𐌹

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology 1

From Portuguese ele.

Pronoun

i

1. he, she (third person singular).

Etymology 2

From Portuguese e. Cognate with Spanish y.

Conjunction

i

1. and

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Pronoun

i

1. (Okap) he, she, it

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Particle

i

1. used to mark the following (noun or noun phrase) as a direct object

   Ua ʻai ka pōpoki i ka ʻiole. ― The cat ate the mouse.

2. used to indicate past tense (precedes verb)

   I hana au. ― I worked.

3. used to indicate perfect participle (precedes verb)

   i haʻalele ― having left, who had left

Preposition

i

1. in, at
2. (indicating destination) to

See also

• iā

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of i – see 伊 (“he, him; she, her; it”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 伊).

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA: [ˈi]
• (letter name): IPA: [ˈi]

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	i	i-k
accusative	i-t	i-ket
dative	i-nek	i-knek
instrumental	i-vel	i-kkel
causal-final	i-ért	i-kért
translative	i-vé	i-kké
terminative	i-ig	i-kig
essive-formal	i-ként	i-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	i-ben	i-kben
superessive	i-n	i-ken
adessive	i-nél	i-knél
illative	i-be	i-kbe
sublative	i-re	i-kre
allative	i-hez	i-khez
elative	i-ből	i-kből
delative	i-ről	i-kről
ablative	i-től	i-ktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	i-é	i-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	i-éi	i-kéi

Possessive forms of i
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	i-m	i-im
2nd person sing.	i-d	i-id
3rd person sing.	i-je	i-i
1st person plural	i-nk	i-ink
2nd person plural	i-tek	i-itek
3rd person plural	i-jük	i-ik

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

Further reading

• i in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɪː/

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The eleventh letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

Ido

Pronunciation

• (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Igbo

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The twelfth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• ị (retracted tongue position)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Pronoun

i (dependent form, independent form gị)

1. (personal) you (singular)

   Kedụ ka i mere?

   How are you?

See also

Igbo personal pronouns

		dependent	independent	object/possesive
Singular	first	m, a/e- ... -m	m, mụ
	second	ị, i	ngị, gị	gị
	third	ọ, o	ya
Plural	first	anyị
	second	ụnụ
	third	ha, a/e- ... -ha	ha
Indefinite		a/e	-	-

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /i/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/, /ɪ/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian и (i).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: i

Conjunction

i

1. and

   Miä läkkään ižoraks i soomeks. ― I speak Ingrian and Finnish.

   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 19:

     Repo i kana.

     A fox and a hen.

Synonyms

• ja, da

Particle

i

1. also, as well, too

   Mut, miä läkkään i viroks. ― But, I speak Estonian, too.

   • 1885, “Sprachproben: Der goldene Vogel”, in Volmari Porkka, editor, Ueber den Ingrischen Dialekt mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen finnisch-ingermanländischen Dialekte:

     Mäni da i heittiis makkaamaa, ja makkais taas hoomuksee nasse.

     He went and threw himself to sleep, too, and he slept up till the morning again.

     (Note: The spelling has been normalised in accordance with the literary Ingrian language.)

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:

     Iƶorat laatiit kansan, kumpa keelen poolest kuuluu läns-fenniläisiin kansoin gruppaa ja sil viisii i iƶoroin keeli kuuluu läns-fenniläisee keelisisteemaa.

     The Ingrians make up a people, that based on their language belongs to the group of Finnic peoples and as such the language of Ingrians also belongs to the Finnic language family.

Synonyms

• kera, tože, ja

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 86
• Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 44
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[2], →ISBN, page 79

Irish

Alternative forms

• in (used before vowels in place of eclipsis; also used before bhur (“your”, pl), dhá (“two”), titles of books, films, and the like, and foreign words that resist mutation)

Etymology

From Old Irish i, from Proto-Celtic *eni (compare Welsh yn), from Proto-Indo-European *en (compare English in, Latin in, Ancient Greek ἐν (en)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/

Preposition

i (plus dative, triggers eclipsis, before the definite article s-, ins)

1. in

Inflection

Inflection of i

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.	ionam	ionamsa
2d person sing.	ionat	ionatsa
3d sing. masc.	ann	annsan
3d sing. fem.	inti	intise
1st person pl.	ionainn	ionainne
2d person pl.	ionaibh	ionaibhse
3d person pl.	iontu	iontusan

Derived terms

• i dtaisce
• i gceann
• i mborr le
• in ionad

 

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded*, det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod*, dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id*, it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led*, let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód*, ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

• See also Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "i"

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
i	n-i	hi	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “i”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN, retrieved 16 June 2024

Italian

Etymology 1

Reduced form of gli, from earlier li, from Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: i

Article

Italian Definite Articles
	singular	plural
masculine	il lo/l'	i gli
feminine	la/l'	le

i m pl (singular il)

1. the

Usage notes

• i is used before masculine plural words beginning with a single consonant other than x or z, or the plural noun dei; gli is used before masculine plural words beginning with a vowel, x, z, gn, or multiple consonants including pn, ps, and s+consonant, and before the plural noun dei.

Derived terms

• dei

Etymology 2

From Latin ī (the name of the letter I).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/^*
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: ì

Letter

i f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Italian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Noun

i f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.; i

Derived terms

• i lunga

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

Further reading

• i in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Italiot Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἡ (hē).

Article

i

1. feminine nominative singular of o

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔu̯i (“two”). Cognate with White Hmong ob and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] oub.

Numeral

i

1. two

Japanese

Romanization

i

1. The hiragana syllable い (i) or the katakana syllable イ (i) in Hepburn romanization.

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese e.

Conjunction

i

1. and

Kabyle

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

i

1. to, for

Kankanaey

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Tagalog i. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English i.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ʔaj/ [ʔai̯]
  • Rhymes: -aj
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ʔi/ [ʔi̞]
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: i

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ay and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English ee, the English name of the letter E/e.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Kankanaey) IPA^(key): /ʔi/ [ʔi̞]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Noun

i

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) letra; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, endyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Kashubian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Etymology 1

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *i.

Conjunction

i

1. coordinating conjunction; and

Alternative forms

• ë

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “i”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[3], volume 1, page 515
• “i”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Ladin

Article

i m (plural)

1. the

See also

• l
• la, l'
• les

Ladino

Etymology

From Old Spanish é or e, from Latin et.

Conjunction

i (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling אי)

1. and
2. too

Latgalian

Etymology

Shortened from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus”), preserved as such in Latvian ir and Lithuanian ir. Not related to Proto-Slavic *i and its descendants.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈi]
• Hyphenation: i

Conjunction

i

1. and

Particle

i

1. too, also

References

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /iː/, [iː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i/, [iː]

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ī f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter I.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

• i in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• i in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

ī

1. go! walk!; second-person singular active imperative of eō

   I intro iam nunc. ― Now then, go in.

Latvian

I

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA: [i]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

Pronunciation 2

• IPA: [i]

Noun

i m (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

See also

• (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

Liangmai Naga

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Pronoun

i (dual anai, plural aliu)

1. I

Ligurian

Ligurian Definite Articles
	singular	plural
masculine	o	i
feminine	a	e

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Article

i m pl (singular o)

1. the

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɪ/

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Lithuanian alphabet, called i trumpoji and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Č č, D d, E e, Ę ę, Ė ė, F f, G g, H h, I i, Į į, Y y, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, Ų ų, Ū ū, V v, Y y, Z z, Ž ž

Livonian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA: /i/

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Lower Grand Valley Dani

Pronunciation

• IPA: IPA^(key): /i/

Noun

i

1. water

References

• H. Myron Bromley, A Grammar of Lower Grand Valley Dani (1981)
• H. Myron Bromley, The Phonology of Lower Grand Valley Dani (2013)
• The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.
2. The name of the Latin-script letter i/I.

Conjunction

i

1. (archaic) and

Interjection

i!

1. ew!, ick!

See also

• See Template:list:Latin script letters/dsb.
• See Template:list:Latin script letter names/dsb.

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “i”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “i”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Lule Sami

Verb

i

1. second-person singular present of ij

Lushootseed

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/, /eɪ/

Letter

i

1. The fifteenth letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as a non-low front unrounded vowel.

Makasar

Article

i (Lontara spelling ᨕᨗ)

1. article for personal names and pronouns

Malay

Letter

i

1. The ninth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/ (short phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /iː/ (long phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /ɪː/ (long phoneme before the letters għ, ħ, h, q; merges with ie)
• IPA^(key): /ɛj/, /aj/ (after għ; variation is regional and idiolectal)

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The twelfth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Mandinka

Pronoun

i

1. you (personal pronoun)

   as i busa ― he/she struck you.

See also

Mandinka personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		nte, n, m	ntolu, ntelu, n
2nd person		ite, i	altolu, altelu, al
3rd person		ate, a	itolu, itelu, y

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Particle

i

1. from
2. past-tense verbal particle
3. particle indicating the direct object of a transitive sentence
4. past-tense particle indicating location

Middle English

Etymology 1

Preposition

i

1. Alternative form of in (“in”)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

i

1. Alternative form of I (“I”)

Etymology 3

Pronoun

i

1. Alternative form of he (“they”)

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i m

1. Alternative form of gî.

Mirandese

Etymology

From Latin et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Conjunction

i

1. and

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I.

Pronoun

i (dative mer)

1. I

Inflection

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	ir
3rd person	er, si, s	sei

References

• “i” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Mondé

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Čestmír Loukotka, Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes Sud Américains, JSAP 52: 7-60 (1963), page 44

Murui Huitoto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈi]
• Hyphenation: i

Root

i

1. this, that (anaphoric, aspecific)

Derived terms

• iaɨmaiaɨ

 

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[4], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 161

Navajo

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script:

   i = /ɪ˨/

   į = /ɪ̃˨/

   í = /ɪ˥/

   į́ = /ɪ̃˥/

   ii = /iː˨˨/

   įį = /ĩː˨˨/

   íi = /iː˥˨/

   į́į = /ĩː˥˨/

   ií = /iː˨˥/

   įį́ = /ĩː˨˥/

   íí = /iː˥˥/

   į́į́ = /ĩː˥˥/

Neapolitan

Etymology 1

Verb

i

1. Alternative spelling of ire (“to go”)

Etymology 2

From Latin ego.

Alternative forms

• ije

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iː]

Pronoun

i

1. I: the first-person singular nominative personal pronoun.

Nheengatu

Etymology

From Old Tupi i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

• Hyphenation: i
• Rhymes: -i

Pronoun

i

1. (second-class) third-person singular personal pronoun (he, him, his, she, her, it, its)

   I akanhemu uikú nhaãsé i kirá uikú.

   He is scared because he is fat.

   Indé reputari repitá i irũmu.

   You want to stay with him.

   Indé remeẽ manungara i xupé.

   You give something to him.

   I manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

   His mother enters the new house.

Usage notes

• As a second-class pronoun, i is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun i is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama. Unlike other second-class pronouns, i is used when governed by the postposition supé. Finally, i is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

See also

Nheengatu personal pronouns

singular	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	ixé	se
second-person	indé	ne
third-person	aé	i
plural	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	yandé	yané
second-person	penhẽ	pe
third-person	aintá (or tá)	aintá (or tá)

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica‎^[5] (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Páginas & Letras, →ISBN, pages 11 and 104
• Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “i”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 311

North Frisian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ə] (reduced vowel)
• IPA^(key): [ɪ] (short full vowel)
• IPA^(key): [iː] (long vowel, spelt ii)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• The reduced vowel is mostly represented by ⟨e⟩. The alternative use of ⟨i⟩ is restricted to the insular dialects:
  • In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, it only occurs when the suffix -n is added to a word whose basic form ends in -e. For example, fraagin is infinitive II of fraage (“to ask”), distinguished from fraagen, the plural of fraag (“question”).
  • In Sylt Frisian, any word-final [ə] is spelt ⟨i⟩. It remains before inflectional -n or -s, but changes to ⟨e⟩ before other suffixes. For example, fraagi → fraagin, but dü fraagest. Moreover, ⟨i⟩ occurs in the prefix bi- and word-internally in adapted borrowings (ginau from German, Janiwaari from Latin).

See also

• (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Sylt) IPA^(key): [ɪ]

Pronoun

i (Sylt)

1. you, you all (second-person plural personal pronoun)

Alternative forms

• jam (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring)

See also

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced		attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
	3rd f.	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	höm	et, 't	sin		sinen
dual	1st	wat		unk				unken
	2nd	at		junk				junken
	3rd	jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren
plural	1st	wü		üüs				üüsen
	2nd	i		juu				juuen
	3rd	ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse í (“in”), from Proto-Germanic *in (“in, into”), from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /iː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /iː/, /i/, /ɪ/

Letter

i

1. The ninth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Preposition

i

1. (location) in, inside of

   Ligge i sengen ― Laying in bed

   Oppe i fjellene ― Up in the mountains

2. (duration of time) for, in, during

   Møtet varte (i) to timer ― The meeting lasted two hours (literally, “The meeting went during two hours”)

   Han var utenlands i mange år ― He lived abroad for many years

   I høst, i vår, i dag, i går ― In autumn, in spring, today, yesterday

3. (condition, state) in

   Være i fred ― To be in peace

   Være i god form ― To be in shape (physically fit)

   Leve i fattigdom ― To live in poverty

4. (means, method) in

   Betale i gull ― To pay in gold.

   Gjøre noe i all hast ― To do something urgently (literally, “To do something in all haste”)

   i hemmelighet ― in secret

5. pertaining to, in reference to

   I deg har jeg en sann venn. ― In you I have a true friend.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in (“in, into”). Akin to English in.

Preposition

i

1. (location) in, inside of

   No er me i Noreg. ― We are currently in Norway.

2. (duration of time) for, in, during
3. (condition, state) in
4. (means, method) in
5. pertaining to, in reference to

Derived terms

• i dag
• i eino
• i fjor
• i forfjor
• i går
• i hel
• i hende
• i lag
• i land
• i live
• i morgon
• i mutom
• i ny og ne
• i tide
• i vente
• i år
• iallfall
• ifrå
• igjennom
• imellom
• inni
• uti

 

Adverb

i

1. Used together with certain verbs.

Etymology 2

From Latin i, minuscule of I.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Letter

i (upper case I, definite singular i-en, indefinite plural i-ar, definite plural i-ane)

1. The ninth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• i-land
• i-mål
• prikken over i-en

 

Etymology 3

Pronoun

i (objective me, possessive min)

1. (dialectal) alternative letter-case form of I; alternative form of eg (“I”)

Etymology 4

From Old Norse ér, ír, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Possibly via Danish I. Compare with de.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i (objective jær or ær or ør, possessive jærs or ærs or ørs)

1. (obsolete, dialectal, polite) you (second person singular)
   • 1853, Ivar Aasen, Prøver af Landsmaalet i Norge (overall work in Danish), Christiania: Carl C. Werner & Co., page 2:

     men æg undras paa, at i sku kjenn' mæg; æg trur aller, at æg kjenne ør; æg tyks aller ha sett ør før.

     Though I wonder how you would know me. I don't think I know you. I don't think I've ever seen you before.

References

• “i” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• Torp, Alf (1919) “I”, in Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok (in Norwegian Nynorsk), Kristiania: Aschehoug, page 240
• Ivar Aasen (1850) “i”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog‎^[6] (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000

Anagrams

• I, i-

Nupe

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/, (after /n/ or /m/) /ĩ/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The eleventh letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Occitan

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

i f (plural is)

1. i (the letter i, I)

Derived terms

• i grèga

Old French

Etymology

From Latin hīc.

Adverb

i

1. there
   • c. 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:

     Et grant compagnie i a d'omes

     And there is a large company of men

Descendants

• French: y

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• hí, hi

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *en (compare Welsh yn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (compare English in, Latin in, Ancient Greek ἐν (en)).

The third-person singular masculine and neuter inflected dative form and is not derived from a contraction with a pronoun. Instead, it was originally an adverb with an independent etymology. See its page for its etymology.

Preposition

i (triggers eclipsis)

2. in [with dative]
4. into [with accusative]
6. in regard to, as to [with dative]
8. as [with accusative]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:i.

Inflection

Inflection of i

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.	indium(m)	indiumsa
2d person sing.	indiut	indiuts(i)u
3d sing. masc./neut., dative	and	andsom
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative	ind	indsom
3d sing. fem., dative	indi
3d sing. fem., accusative	inte	intesi
1st person pl.	indiunn	indiunni
2d person pl.	indib	indibsi
3d person pl., dative	indib	indibsom, indibsem
3d person pl., accusative	intiu

Combinations with the definite article:

• isin (accusative masculine/feminine singular)
• issa (accusative neuter singular)
• isin(d) (dative singular)
• isna (accusative plural)
• isnaib (dative plural)

Combinations with possessive determiners:

• im (“in my”) (1st person singular)
• inna, na (“in his/her/its/their”) (3rd person)

The form i is unchanged in combination with a relative pronoun.

Descendants

• Irish: i
• Scottish Gaelic: an
• Manx: ayns

Further reading

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 842, pages 518–22

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin hīc.

Adverb

i

1. there
   • 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour — Anc no gardei sazo ni mes

     E las melhors domnas i son !

     And the best women are there!

Descendants

• Occitan: i

Old Polish

Alternative forms

• hi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *i. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /i/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /i/

Conjunction

i

1. and (cumulative coordinating conjunction)

Descendants

• Polish: i
• Silesian: i

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “i, hi”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

• î (after vowels)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (atonic) /i/
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: i

Pronoun

i (2nd class, 3rd person singular and plural, 1st class equivalent a'e)

1. he, she, they, it
2. him, her, them
3. his, her, their, its
4. (dummy pronoun) it

   Gûyrá i porang

   The bird is beautiful

   (literally, “bird it beautiful”)

   Aîkutuk

   I poked it

Descendants

• Nheengatu: i

See also

    Old Tupi personal pronouns

Person	Number	Nominative／Accusative			Possessive		Dative		Objective
		Subject	1st class	2nd class	Nonreflexive	Reflexive	1st class	2nd class
Singular	1st		ixé	xe			ixébe／ixébo	xebe／xebo
	2nd	îepé	endé	nde			endébe／endébo	ndebe／ndebo	oro-
Singular and Plural	3rd		a'e	i		o	i xupé
Plural	1st exc		oré				orébe／orébo
	1st inc		îandé				îandébe／îandébo
	2nd	peîepé	peẽ	pe			peẽme／peẽmo		opo-
	Indefinite		asé				asébe／asébo

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2005) Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos [Modern method of Old Tupi: the language of Brazil's early centuries]‎^[7] (in Portuguese), 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, →ISBN
• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “i”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 149, column 1

Paicî

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

Noun

i

1. louse

References

• Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, page 52, 1999

Papiamentu

Alternative forms

• y (alternative spelling)

Etymology

From Spanish y and Portuguese e and Kabuverdianu i.

Conjunction

i

1. and

Pijin

Particle

i

1. Separates the subject of a sentence from the predicate, used when the subject is a pronoun or a noun

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i
• Homophones: -i, -i-

Etymology 1

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The twelfth letter of the Polish alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish i.

Conjunction

i

1. and

   Adam i Ewa tylko zjedli jabłko. ― Adam and Eve only ate an apple.

   Patrzę na nią i oczom nie wierzę. ― I look at her and can't believe my eyes.

2. even

   Wychodząc i kaloryfer nam naprawił. ― Leaving he even repaired our radiator.

   I ślepa wiewiórka czasem znajdzie orzech. ― Even a blind squirrel finds an acorn sometimes.

   Ja krowy to i w telewizji nigdy nie widziałem. ― I never saw a cow, even on TV.

3. also, too

   I mnie się podoba wasz wybór. ― I like your choice too.

   Czy i my? ― We too?

4. so, so that

   Zmęczyłem się i nie byłem już w stanie grać w koszykówkę. ― I grew tired, so I couldn't play basketball anymore.

   Byłeś głupi, i cierp teraz. ― You were a fool, so now suffer.

5. (i...i) as well as

   Polsce potrzebne są i armia, i flota. ― Poland needs an army as well as a navy.

6. emphasizing particle

   I dobrze. ― Fine.

Derived terms

noun

• (possibly) bajbardzo

 

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), i is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 2473 times in scientific texts, 2409 times in news, 3061 times in essays, 2636 times in fiction, and 1806 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 12385 times, making it the 2nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• i in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• i in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “i”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “i”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 16.09.2009
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “i”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “i”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “i”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 71

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• Hyphenation: i

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

i m (plural is)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Particle

i

1. relational particle that marks the object of a verb

Usage notes

Used in all cases except with verbs of sensing; in which case, use e.

Preposition

i

1. at
2. in

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Etymology 1

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. (International Standard) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Etymology 2

Article

i f sg (masculine singular o, plural e)

1. the; feminine singular definite article

   i Sperànca ― Speranza

   i Rumùnia ― Romania

Usage notes

• The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.

Declension

The definite article

number and gender	m sg	f sg	pl
nominative	o	i	e
oblique	e

Romanian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• IPA: IPA^(key): /i/, /j/, /ʲ/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The eleventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See I for notes on pronunciation.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Etymology 2

From Old Church Slavonic и (i).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Conjunction

i

1. (obsolete) and

   Synonym: și

Usage notes

Mostly used in the context of iproci (and so on...)

Samoan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Particle

i

1. used to mark the following (noun or noun phrase) as a direct object

Preposition

i

1. (indicating destination) to

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin hīc (“here”).

Pronoun

i (adverbial)

1. there (at a place)
2. there, thither (to there)

   Synonyms: bi, nche

Sassarese

Etymology 1

From Latin ī (the name of the letter I).

Noun

i f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.; i

Etymology 2

Apocopic form of in.

Preposition

i

1. Alternative form of i'
   • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Un cuntaddu [A tale]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 47:

     Di la ziddài natiba i lu so’ cori
     diricaddu una mamma s’ammintaba
     ch’era verdhi e fiuridda che giardhinu.

     About the native town, in her delicate heart, a mother remembered it was as green and full of flowers as a garden.

Sathmar Swabian

Pronoun

i

1. I

References

• Claus Stephani, Volksgut der Sathmarschwaben (1985)

Savi

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Decker, Kendall D. (1992) Clare F. O’Leary, editor, Languages of Chitral (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan; 5)‎^[8], Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistani Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, page 185, Summer Institute of Linguistics
• Knobloch, Nina (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan‎^[9], Stockholm: Stockholm University, page 49

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English i, variant of in (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/

Preposition

i

1. in

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by h and followed by l. Its traditional name is iodh (“yew”).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

Etymology 2

From Old Irish sí. Cognates include Irish sí and Manx ee.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/, /iː/

Pronoun

i (emphatic ise)

1. third-person feminine pronoun; she, her, it

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns

	simple		emphatic
	singular	plural	singular	plural
First person	mi	sinn	mise	sinne
Second person	thu, tu1)	sibh	thusa, tusa1)	sibhse
Third person m	e	iad	esan	iadsan
Third person f	i		ise
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (Cyrillic spelling и)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio:

  (file)

Conjunction

i (Cyrillic spelling и)

1. and

   Ivica i Marica se vole ― Ivica and Marica love each other.

   i tako dalje ― and so on

2. (i… i…) both… and…

   ne možeš istovremeno i tužiti i suditi. ― you can't simultaneously both sue and judge

3. also, too, as well

   i meni se sviđa vaš odabir ― I like your choice too

4. even (usually preceded by čȁk)

   (čak) i ja sam pozvan na zabavu! ― even I have been invited to the party

5. (ne sȁmo… nȅgo/vȅć i…) also, too

   on je ne samo darovit, nego i jako marljiv ― he is not only talented, but also very industrious

6. so, so that (= te, pa)

   umorio sam se i nisam mogao više igrati košarku ― I grew tired, so I couldn't play basketball anymore

Sicilian

Etymology 1

From Latin ī (the name of the letter I).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Noun

i f

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.; i

Derived terms

• i greca
• i longa

Etymology 2

From the lenition of li, from the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/ (stressed)
• IPA^(key): /ɪ/ (unstressed)

Article

i m pl or f pl

1. (masculine and feminine plural definite article) the

   Synonym: li

Usage notes

• As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
• In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
• Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancini (liquid) and ârancini (illiquid).

Inflection

Sicilian articles
	Masculine singular definite article	Feminine singular definite article	Masculine and feminine plural definite article
Definite articles (liquid)	lu	la	li
Definite articles (illiquid)	u	a	i
Definite articles	nu (also: un, 'n)	na

Etymology 3

From the lenition of li, from the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.

Alternative forms

• li (liquid form)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/ (stressed)
• IPA^(key): /ɪ/ (unstressed)

Pronoun

i m pl or f pl

1. (accusative) them

   Synonym: li

   I canusci? ― Do you know them?

2. (accusative) it, this or that thing

   Synonym: li

   Quannu tî desi. ― When I gave them to you.

Usage notes

• This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles.

Inflection

Sicilian pronominal particles
	Masculine singular pronominal particles	Feminine singular pronominal particles	Masculine and feminine plural pronominal particles
mi	mû	mâ	mî
ti	tû	tâ	tî
ci	ci u	ci a	cî
ni	nû	nâ	nî
vi	vû	vâ	vî
ci	ci u	ci a	cî

Silesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Etymology 1

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case i)

1. The eleventh letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ã ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ǒ ǒ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish i.

Conjunction

i

1. coordinating conjunction; and

   Synonym: a

Further reading

• i in silling.org

Silimo

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 105

Sirionó

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Phonemes of the Siriono Language
• A Flip-Flop in Siriono

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/, /j/

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/

Conjunction

i

1. and
2. as well as

Derived terms

• i keď

Further reading

• “i”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Gaj's Latin alphabet i, from Czech alphabet i, from Latin i, lower case variation of I from the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i, “i”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “iota”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, “yod”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.

Pronunciation

(phoneme) Pronunciation of i

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): /ˈíː/, /ˈìː/, /ˈî/, /i/, [ˈɪ́ː], [ˈɪ̀ː], [ˈɪ̂], [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], [ˈɪ̂ː], [ˈɪ̌ː], SNPT: /ī/, /ȉ/, /i/ • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): /ˈiː/, /ˈi/, /i/, [ˈɪː], [ˈɪ], SNPT: /í/, /ì/, /i/

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

(letter name) Pronunciation of i (ī)

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], SNPT: [ī] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í], Audio: (file)

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

Miscellaneous

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The tenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. The fifteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
3. The eleventh letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Symbol

i

1. (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [i].

Noun

ī m inan

1. The name of the Latin script letter I / i.
2. (linguistics) The name of the phoneme /i/.

Inflection

• Overall more common

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -j- infix
nom. sing.	i
gen. sing.	i-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	i	i-ja	i-ji
genitive rodȋlnik	i-ja	i-jev	i-jev
dative dajȃlnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-jema	i-jem
accusative tožȋlnik	i	i-ja	i-je
locative mẹ̑stnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-jih	i-jih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	i-jem	i-jema	i-ji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	i	i-ja	i-ji

• More common when with a definite adjective

Third masculine declension (no endings) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	i
gen. sing.	i
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	i	i	i
genitive rodȋlnik	i	i	i
dative dajȃlnik	i	i	i
accusative tožȋlnik	i	i	i
locative mẹ̑stnik	i	i	i
instrumental orọ̑dnik	i	i	i
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	i	i	i

• Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , -j- infix
nom. sing.	i
gen. sing.	i-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	i	i-ja	i-ji
genitive rodȋlnik	i-ja	i-jov	i-jov
dative dajȃlnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-joma	i-jom
accusative tožȋlnik	i	i-ja	i-je
locative mẹ̑stnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-jih	i-jih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	i-jom	i-joma	i-ji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	i	i-ja	i-ji

Derived terms

• dolgi i
• ì
• ȋ
• ī
• ȉ
• í
• ï
• kratki i
• ɨ

 

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Pronunciation of í (ȋ)

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈîː], SNPT: [ȋ] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í], Audio: (file)

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

Miscellaneous

Interjection

i

1. used to denote happiness after correct assumption

   Synonyms: a, aha, e, oho, olala

   I, pa si le lagal.

   Ha, you were lying after all.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Pronunciation of ì (ȉ)

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈî], SNPT: [ȉ] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈi], SNPT: [ì]

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

Miscellaneous

Interjection

i

1. (archaic) used to denote unhappiness or unpleasant surprise

   Synonyms: ah, uh

2. (archaic) used to denote that speaker is indifferent to the topic

   Synonyms: eh, e, o

   I ja, saj ti verjamem.

   Whatever, I believe you.

Etymology 4

Derived from Proto-Slavic *i (“and”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *éy, an early locative singular determiner, formed from the root *h₁e-, *h₁o-. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian i, Macedonian и (i), Bulgarian и (i), Old Church Slavonic и (i), Czech i, Polish i, Kashubian ë, Slovak i, Belarusian і (i), Belarusian й (j), Carpathian Rusyn й (j), Ukrainian і (i), Ukrainian й (j), and Russian и (i).

Pronunciation

Pronunciation of i, ì (ȉ)

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [i], [ˈî], SNPT: [i], [ȉ] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [i], [ˈi], SNPT: [i], [ì]

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

Miscellaneous

Conjunction

i

1. (obsolete) and

   Synonyms: in, ino, no, ter, pa

Usage notes

Use of i as a conjunction in Slovene is obsolete and not well-known, so most nowadays speakers usually relate it with other Slavic languages rather than with old Slovene. Nowadays, its derivative, in is used, which is etymologically speaking a stressed variant, but has since lost the initial difference.

As opposed to in, i can be pronounced as stressed or unstressed form in all contexts (but if taken out of context, only the stressed version is allowed) whereas in is stressed only if taken out of context.

Derived terms

• in
• ino
• itak

 

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(usually) Pronunciation of i

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [i], SNPT: [i] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [i], SNPT: [i]

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

(out of context) Pronunciation of í (ȋ)

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈîː], SNPT: [ȋ] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í], Audio: (file)

Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

Miscellaneous

Particle

i

1. (obsolete) also

   Synonyms: tudi, prav tako, ravno tako, isto, istotako, še, vključno

Further reading

“i”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Pronunciation

• (Phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/, /j/
• (Letter name): IPA^(key): /i/

  • Audio (Spain):

    (file)

Etymology 1

Directly from Latin.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

   Synonym: i latina

Noun

i f (plural íes)

1. name of the letter I

Derived terms

• i griega
• i latina
• poner los puntos sobre las íes

 

Etymology 2

See y.

Conjunction

i

1. Obsolete spelling of y.

Sranan Tongo

Pronoun

i

1. Pronunciation spelling of yu.

Sumerian

Romanization

i

1. Romanization of 𒄿
2. Romanization of 𒉌

Swabian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i

1. I

Coordinate terms

Swabian personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			m	f	n
nominative	i	du d	är ǒ r	sui se	s äs	mir mǒr	ir ǒr	sia se
dative	mir mǒr	dir dǒr	eem ǎm	ira ǒra	s	aos	uich	eene ăna
accusative	me mi	de di	een ěn	sui se	s	aos	uich	sia se

Swabian does not have the genitive case.   

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ī, from Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/, [ˈɨ͜zː]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

i (verb particle)

1. used to signify that an action is done with intensity

Derived terms

• ligga i
• stå i
• ta i

 

Preposition

i

1. in; located inside
2. in; specifies a place, a region or a country

   Kim bor i Stockholm, som ligger i Sverige.

   Kim lives in Stockholm which lies in Sweden.

3. (about time) to; before a full hour or, if used in the phrase "fem i halv", a half-hour

   Antonym: (past) över

   Middag serveras mellan sex och kvart i åtta varje kväll.

   Dinner is served between six and quarter to eight every evening.

4. (about time) for; duration

   Jag sover i flera timmar.

   I sleep for several hours.

5. (in various constructions) last, previous

   i måndags

   last Monday

   i julas

   last Christmas

Usage notes

In definition 5, (last, previous) the following noun gets a suffix -s (weekdays: i måndags) or -as (seasons: i höstas, certain holidays, e.g. jul, midsommar, påsk, pingst). Other holidays instead use förra, senaste, sista, e.g. förra nyåret.

Derived terms

• I
• i akt
• i dag
• i det (att)
• i ett
• i fatt
• i fjol
• i fjor
• i fred
• i fråga
• i gång
• i höstas
• i julas
• i jåns
• i kapp
• i kraft
• i kväll
• i land
• i midsomras
• i morgon
• i morron
• i morse
• i måndags
• i natt
• i pingstas
• i påskas
• i somras
• i stånd
• i stället
• i synnerhet
• i sänder
• i vintras
• i våras
• i väg
• i-balk
• i-järn
• i-land
• i-ljud
• i-omljud
• i-stål
• iaktta
• ibland
• iblanda
• idag
• idriftsättning
• idrifttagande
• idrifttagning
• ifall
• ifatt
• ifjol
• ifjor
• ifred
• ifråga
• ifrågakomma
• ifrågasätta
• ifrågasättande
• ifrågavarande
• ifrån
• ifylla
• ifyllnad
• ifyllning
• iföra
• igen
• igång
• igångkörning
• igångsätta
• ihakning
• ihjäl
• ihop
• ihåg
• ihålig
• ihållande
• ihälld
• ihällning
• ihängande
• ihängsen
• ihärdig
• ijåns
• ikapp
• iklä
• ikläda
• ikraft
• ikring
• ikull
• ikväll
• iland
• ilasta
• ilastning
• iläggning
• iläggsskiva
• imatning
• imorgon
• imorron
• inatt
• ini
• inuti
• iordninggjord
• iordninglagd
• iordningställa
• iplockad
• iplockning
• iråkad
• iröra
• iscensätta
• iscensättare
• iscensättning
• isittande
• iskarvning
• iskruvning
• iskuren
• islag
• islagen
• islagning
• istadarätt
• istadig
• istickning
• istoppad
• istoppning
• istoppstäcke
• istånd
• istället
• iständsätta
• isydd
• isyning
• isynnerhet
• isåning
• isänder
• isär
• isättning
• itu
• ituta
• ity
• itänd
• iväg
• iögonenfallande
• iögonfallande

 

See also

• inuti
• I

Etymology 2

from Proto-Germanic *ek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i

1. (pitemål) I

References

• i in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• i in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• i in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• i in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish i. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English i.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish i.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔaj/ [ˈʔaɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -aj
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -i
  • IPA^(key): /ˈi/ [ˈi] (phoneme, stressed)
    • Rhymes: -i
  • IPA^(key): /i/ [ɪ] (phoneme, unstressed)
    • Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌ᜔)

1. The ninth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ay and written in the Latin script.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.
2. (historical) The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

i (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter I/i, in the Abakada alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ay

2. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter I/i, in the Abecedario

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ay

See also

• ii

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English ee, the English name of the letter E/e.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔi/ [ʔɪ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Noun

i (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Filipino alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Abakada alphabet and Abecedario) e

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Further reading

• “i”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tahitian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Preposition

i

1. at
2. in

Talysh

Etymology

Cognate with Persian یک (yek).

Numeral

i

1. one

Tarifit

Preposition

i (Tifinagh spelling ⵉ)

1. to

   yewc-it i weɣyuř-nnes

   He gave it to his donkey.

2. for

Tlingit

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔì]

Pronoun

i

1. your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)

Tok Pisin

Etymology

Probably from English is

Particle

i

1. Separates the subject of a sentence from the predicate, used when the subject is a pronoun, or a noun
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:2:

     Tasol graun i no bin i stap olsem yumi save lukim nau.

     →New International Version translation

Tokelauan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i. Cognates include Hawaiian i and Samoan i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]
• Hyphenation: i

Preposition

i

1. in, on, at
   • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎^[10], page 1:

     Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.

     This foundation is recognised in the villages and if their people repetedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.

2. on, during
3. with, by, using
4. because of

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[11], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 26

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Preposition

i

1. in

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case İ)

1. The twelfth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Noun

i

1. The name of the Latin-script letter İ/i.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/, /iː/

Letter

i (upper case I)

1. The tenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

Vietnamese

Etymology

Borrowed from French i or Portuguese i.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔi˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]

Noun

i

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

Synonyms

• i ngắn

Volapük

Adverb

i

1. also, too, as well
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:

     Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.

     Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

   • 1937, “‚Johann Martin Schleyer’”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 34:

     Äbejäfom i poedavi, ed äpübom dü lunüp timapenädi: ‚Sionsharfe’.

     He also practiced poetry, and for a long time, he published the magazine "Sionsharfe".

Votic

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian и (i).

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: i

Conjunction

i

1. and

   Synonym: ja

Particle

i

1. also, as well, too

See also

• i ... i (“as ... so”)

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Walloon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Etymology 1

From Vulgar Latin *illī, from Classical Latin ille.

Pronoun

i

1. he

Related terms

• lu

Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin illos, used in place of the missing third-person pronoun, from Latin illos, accusative plural of ille.

Pronoun

i

1. they

Related terms

• zels

Wano

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Willem Brurung, The Phonology of Wano, SIL Electronic Working Papers 2007-003 (2007), page 30

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/
• Rhymes: -iː

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): ì
• (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): í
• (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): î
• (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ï

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by h and followed by l.

Mutation

• i cannot mutate but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word iwrch (“roe deer”):

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
iwrch	unchanged	unchanged	hiwrch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Derived terms

• Digraph sequences: iw

See also

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd

Noun

i f (plural ïau)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
i	unchanged	unchanged	hi
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī.

Pronoun

i

1. I, me

See also

• fi (“I, me”)
• mi (“I, me”)

Etymology 3

From Middle Welsh y, from Old Welsh di (pronounced /ði/), from Proto-Celtic *dū, related to Breton da (“to, for”), Cornish dhe (“to, for”), Irish do (“to, for”).

Preposition

i (triggers soft mutation)

1. to, into (a place)

   Aethon nhw iʼr ysbyty.

   They went to the hospital.

2. for (a recipient)

   Mae’r jem i Siân.

   The jewel is for Siân.

   Dw i’n prynu teiar newydd i’n car.

   I'm buying a new tyre for our car.

3. that

   Maen nhw’n dweud iddi hi yfed gormod o gwrw.

   They say that she drank too much beer.

Usage notes

• I is often used to indicate direction "to" a place or "(in order) to" do an action in contrast to at, which indicates direction "to" a person.
  • Rwy'n mynd i'r feddygfa. ― I'm going to the surgery.
  • Rwy'n mynd i weld y meddyg. ― I'm going to see the surgery.
  • Rwy'n mynd at y meddyg. ― I'm going to the doctor.

See o for a similar distinction for "from".

• The literary language distinguishes between unemphatic personal forms and personal forms with emphasis on the pronoun.
  • Rhaid inni fynd. ― We must go. (no particular emphasis)
  • Rhaid i ni fynd. ― We must go. (emphasis on we)

In less formal language, this distinction is not made in writing.

• Rhaid i ni fynd. ― We must go. (no particular emphasis)

• Used as a preterite tense form of ‘that’. The subject moves to the front of the subordinate clause, directly following i, and the verb changes back to its verbal noun form.

Inflection

Personal forms (literary)

	Singular	Plural
First person	im, imi	inni, i ni
Second person	it, iti	iwch, ichwi
Third person	iddo, iddo ef m iddi, iddi hi f	iddynt, iddynt hwy

Personal forms (colloquial)

	Singular	Plural
First person	i mi/fi	i ni
Second person	i ti	i chi
Third person	iddo fe/fo m iddi hi f	iddyn nhw

Derived terms

• i mewn
• Category:Welsh phrasal verbs formed with "i"

See also

• bod
• mai
• y

West Makian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Verb

i

1. (intransitive) to go

   nii i nopoli ― please go and buy

2. (intransitive) to leave

Conjugation

Conjugation of i (action verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tii	mii	ai
2nd person		nii	fii
3rd person	inanimate	ii	dii
	animate
imperative		nii, i	fii, i

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Adverb

i

1. still

   te ne isasafo i ― this tea is still hot

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Adverb

i

1. makes a request or command more polite, please

   nii i nopoli ― please go and buy

   nifi sesine i ― please come up here

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[12], Pacific linguistics

White Lachi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i³³/, /ʔi³¹/, (Jinchang) /i⁴⁴/, (Tân Lợi) /ʔi²²/

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Weera Ostapirat, Proto-Kra, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1) (2000) (as ʔi) (see ASJP)

Yele

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i

1. A letter of the Yele alphabet.

Derived terms

• The digraph ⟨ii⟩ transcribes the long vowel /iː/
• The digraph ⟨꞉i⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /ĩ/
• The trigraph ⟨꞉ii⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /ĩː/

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉

Yola

Preposition

i

1. Alternative form of ing (“in”)
   • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 15:

     Maa bee haghed i more caar an angish than Ich."

     May be upset in more care and hardship than I."

   • 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 11:

     Or i a vaarin gees a shaar,

     Or of the fairing give us a share,

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /í/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The tenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called í and written in the Latin script.

Noun

í

1. The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /í/

Particle

í

1. Used to express the progressive tense in negative constructions.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ī/
• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /í/

Pronoun

i

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /i/)

Pronoun

í

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /i/)

See also

Affirmative subject pronouns

	singular	plural or honorific
1st person	mo	a
2nd person	o	ẹ
3rd person	ó	wọ́n

Negative subject pronouns

	singular	plural or honorific
1st person	mi / n	a
2nd person	o	ẹ
3rd person	[pronoun dropped]	wọn

Object pronouns

	singular	plural or honorific
1st person	mi	wa
2nd person	ọ / ẹ	yín
3rd person	[preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀	wọn

Note: except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.

Emphatic pronouns

	singular	plural or honorific
1st person	èmi	àwa
2nd person	ìwọ	ẹ̀yin
3rd person	òun	àwọn

Yuqui

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Perry N. Priest, A contribution to comparative studies in the Guaraní linguistic family, Language Sciences 9(1): 17-20, page 18 (1987)
• L. Villafañe, Gramática Yuki. Lengua Tupí-Guaraní de Bolivia (Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ediciones del Rectorado, 2004), page 302

Zia

Etymology

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *inda.

Noun

i

1. tree

Zou

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i˧/

Particle

i

1. yes

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i˥˧/

Particle

ì

1. no

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 62

Zulu

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z