Biología Celular II: Tema 2. Tejido Epitelial
Biología Celular II: Tema 2. Tejido Epitelial
Biología Celular II: Tema 2. Tejido Epitelial
Tejido Epitelial
Biología Celular II
Área de Biología Celular
1
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
CONCEPTO
CARACTERÍSTICAS
1. Las células descansan sobre una capa de material extracelular, lámina basal
2. Polaridad morfológica y funcional. Dominio apical, lateral y basal
3. Estrecha unión entre las células, por uniones intercelulares
4. Espacio y matriz intercelular muy escasos
5. Tejido avascular No hay vasos sanguíneos
dominio apical
dominio lateral
6
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
evita entrada de
patógenos
1. Protección (abrasión, deshidratación, lesiones)
2. Transporte: a) transcelular/paracelular de moléculas
b) difusión de gases
3. Absorción de moléculas
4. Filtración de moléculas
5. Secreción (mucinas, enzimas, hormonas, etc.)
6. Barrera de permeabilidad selectiva
7. Percepción de estímulos sensoriales
It is now evident that the zonula occludens plays an various claudin molecules.
essential role in the selective passage of substances from one
Observations of different kinds of epithelia reveal that the
CHAPTER 5
side of an epithelium to the other. The ability of epithe-
complexity and number of strands forming the zonulae
lia to create a diffusion barrier is controlled by two distinct
Unidad pathways2.for
temática transport
Tejido occludentes
of substances across the epithelia
Epitelial varies. In epithelia in which anastomosing strands
(Fig. 5.17a): or fusion sites are sparse, such as certain kidney tubules, the
intercellular pathway is partially permeable to water and sol-
• FUNCIONES DE LAS CÉLULAS EPITELIALES
The transcellular pathway occurs across the plasma utes. In contrast, in epithelia in which the strands are numer-
membrane of the epithelial cell. In most of these path- ous and extensively intertwined—for example, intestinal and
ways, transport is active and requires specialized urinary bladder epithelia—the intercellular region is highly
Epithelial Tissue
1. Protección (abrasión,
energy-dependent deshidratación,
membrane transport lesiones)
proteins and impermeable.
channels. These proteins and channels move selected However, in some epithelial cells, the number of strands
substances across the apical plasma membrane into the does not directly correlate to the tightness of the seal.
2. Transporte: a) transcelular/paracelular de moléculas
cytoplasm and then across the lateral membrane below Differences in tightness between different zonulae occlu-
the level of the occluding junction into the intercellular dentes could be explained by the presence of aqueous pores
compartment. b) difusión de gases within individual zonula occludens strands (Fig. 5.17b).
•
The paracellular pathway occurs across the zonula Recent experiments indicate that claudin-16 functions as an
occludens between two epithelial cells. The amount of aqueous Mg2! channel between specific kidney epithelial
3. Absorción de moléculas
water, electrolytes, and other small molecules transported cells. Similarly, claudin-2 is responsible for the presence of
through this pathway is contingent on the tightness high-conductance aqueous pores in other kidney epithelia.
4. Filtración de moléculas
of the zonula occludens. The permeability of an Claudins not only form the backbone of the individual
T H E L AT E R A L D O M A I N A N D I T S S P E C I A L I Z AT I O N S
occluding junction depends on the molecular composi- zonula occludens strand but also are responsible for the for-
tion of the zonula occludens strands and thus the number mation of extracellular aqueous channels. Thus, the
5. Secreción (mucinas, enzimas, hormonas, etc.)
of active aqueous channels in the seal (see the following combination and mixing ratios of claudins to occludins
section). Under physiologic conditions, substances trans- and other proteins found within individual paired zonula
6. Barrera
portedde permeabilidad
through selectiva
this pathway may be regulated or coupled occludens strands determine tightness and selectivity of the
to transcellular transport. seal between cells.
7. Percepción de estímulos sensoriales
Paracelular: entre 2 celulas vecinas
Región
apical
Uniones apical
domain Vía
paracellular
zonula
herméticas pathway
paracelular
occludens Vía
transcellular
pathway
transcelular
Ocludina
occludin
PDZ domains
of associated
intracellular
attachment
proteins
Hebras de la
zonula
unión hermética
occludens
strands
lateral
Región
domain
lateral claudin
Claudina
(aqueous
basal
Región (canalchannel)
acuoso)
domain
basal Vía
a paracelular
b
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
dominio lateral
dominio apical
dominio lateral
tráquea
trompas uterinas
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
115
CHAPTER 5
b
microtubule
doublet
Epithelial Tissue
central sheath
projections
central pair
of microtubules
radial
spoke
7 6 54
transitional tubulin
zone subunits
alar sheet
a basal foot
basal body
microtubule
triplet
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
Intestino
Nefrona / Rinón
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
111
villin
espin
CHAPTER 5
fimbrin
actin
filament
fascin
Epithelial Tissue
myosin I
spectrin
terminal
web
myosin II
THE APICAL DO
intermediate
a filaments b
b
FIGURE 5.3 ▲ Molecular structure of microvilli. a. High magnification of microvilli from Figure 5.2c. Note the presence of the actin
filaments in the microvilli (arrows), which extend into terminal web in the apical cytoplasm. !80,000. b. Schematic diagram showing molecular
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
epidídimo
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
actin filament
T H E A P I C A L D O M A I N A N D I T S M O D I F I C AT I O N S
espin
cytoplasmic
bridge
actin filaments
elial Tissue
!-actinin
b
FIGURE 5.4 ▲ Molecular structure of stereocilia. a. Electron micrograph of stereocilia from the epididymis. The cytoplasmic projections are
similar to microvilli, but they are extremely long. "20,000. b. Schematic diagram showing the molecular structure of stereocilia. They arise from the
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
vs
vs
Nefrona
22
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
FUNCIONES
1. Soporte de epitelios dominio apical
2. Determina la polaridad celular
3. Filtro selectivo dominio lateral
Células
epiteliales
MEMBRANA
BASAL
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
Células
epiteliales
Lámina basal
MEMBRANA BASAL (Tej epitelial)
LAMININAS
Lámina clara (50nm)
INTEGRINAS
Células
epiteliales COLÁGENO IV
Lámina densa (50nm)
FIBRONECTINA
formador de
mallas o
redes
MEMBRANA Lámina basal
BASAL (Tej epitelial)
Molécula
individual
Receptores
de integrina
Polímero de
laminina
Lámina basal
Supraestructura de
colágeno tipo IV
Polímero de laminina y colágeno IV (redes) se unen
mediante Perlecano y Entactina. Forman la lámina
Entactina basal
Perlecano
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
ADHESIONES FOCALES
CULTIVO CELULAR
MOLÉCULAS DE ADHESIÓN
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
LAMININAS
Lámina clara (50nm)
INTEGRINAS
Células
epiteliales COLÁGENO IV
Lámina densa (50nm)
FIBRONECTINA
L. reticular
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
Lámina basal
Células Lámina
epiteliales clara
Lámina
densa
Lámina
MEMBRANA basal
BASAL
Lámina
reticular
Lámina basal
(T. epitelial)
Lámina reticular
membrana (T. conectivo)
basal
Unidad temática 2. Tejido Epitelial
Epitelio de revestimiento:
• Función
• Clasificación y Distribución
Epitelios glandulares:
• Concepto, origen.
• Características generales de las células secretoras.
• Mecanismos de secreción.
Glándulas exocrinas y endocrinas.
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