Some of Law and Economics’ basic claims have come to be criticized as a result of empirical findings that question their viability. Particularly, the premise that agents consistently act rationally and with their self-interest in mind seems problematic. What the consequences of the criticism mean for Law and Economics’ tenability depends largely on the questions whether (1) some elements are unassailable to the alternative’s objections and (2) the alternative is a systematic whole. It is argued that Law and Economics may be salvaged, if it is minimized and its ambitions are tempered. This means focusing on the stable, a priori, elements inherent to it.

Yayına Hazırlayan: Eren OKUR Bilge Strateji Dergisi ulusal hakemli bir dergidir. Bilge Strateji Dergisi yılda iki sayı olmak üzere Bahar ve Güz dönemlerinde yayınlanır. Bilge Strateji Dergisi'nin tüm hakları saklıdır. İzinsiz yayınlanamaz. Kaynak gösterilerek alıntı yapılabilir.

The period when corporate social responsibility (CSR) only referred to corporate philanthropic donations has passed. Present day CSR is intimately intertwined with sustainable development, and its growth in the last several decades has been evident in Canada. The recent appearance of “hybrid” corporate legal structures on the international stage marks a growing trend toward enabling the dual pursuit of economic and social mandates for businesses. It suggests that the next significant stage in the CSR movement will be in the reformation and creation of corporate legal models that not only enable, but require, CSR concepts to be embodied within corporate governance practices.

While the US shareholder primacy model is often presumed to be the model that is dominant in modern Canadian corporations, this presumption is flawed. This article identifies some of the fundamental legal features that set Canada apart from US shareholder primacy, and attempts to demarcate a path for Canada to attain transformational corporate governance through its laws. The term “transformational” is borrowed from the business sector to help identify a tangible goal for corporate governance reform in Canada. Highlights include having a sustainable purpose, long term vision, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Canada is poised to become a leader in corporate governance reform on two fronts: through the reformation of its existing laws regulating mainstream corporate governance practices, and in the creation of hybrid laws that can meet growing demands to legally house and govern social purpose businesses and enterprises.

There has been much fanfare surrounding the possible implementation of a hybrid similar to the US “benefit corporation” in Canada in order to address growing for-profit sector needs to pursue social value in addition to profit-making. However, some of the fundamental legal characteristics within the benefit corporation actually parallel existing common laws in Canada regarding mainstream corporate governance practices. Canada does not need to adopt American solutions to American problems. During these formative years of Canada’s corporate legal development, it is critical that the nation’s progressive legal stance is properly understood and taken into account when establishing hybrid laws so as not to confuse and/or jeopardize that stance. An ongoing stream of thoughtful and intelligent commentary is needed to address and advance Canadian corporate legal needs for social progress, as well as the establishment of innovative new hybrid laws that can bridge the gap between for-profit and non-profit sectors.

Evidence-based practice has become an important approach to social work practice. This paper highlights some of the ethical dilemmas which may be implicated by this approach, and encourages social workers and social work researchers to carefully consider these potential quandaries.

The 21st century consumers are mindful of problems that impact social and environmental sustainability, fast fashion’s main emphasis is faster turnaround from factories to stay competitive thus some retail companies aren’t paying keen attention on the ethics in apparel production factories (Bhasin, 2014, June 04; Tan, 2016). According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO) forced labor is a worldwide concern affecting 21 million people; simply put there are 3 out of every 1,000 victims who are part of forced labor within Asia-Pacific with 11.7 million and other regions as shown in Appendix A (Mcclelland, 2017). 260 million children partake in employment with an estimate of 170 million children engaged in apparel making; ILO estimated that 6 million children are in forced labor with 14 to 16 working hour days in poor working conditions with reported cases in Bangladesh apparel factories; yarn spinning in India; cotton seeds production in Benin; and harvesting cotton in Uzbekistan (Moulds, 2017; Peiris, 2005). Ashridge Centre for Business and Sustainability, and Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) confirmed that 71% of companies admitted to cases of modern slavery in their supply chain; with 168 million child labor cases in 2017 and a proven improvement from 246 million cases in 2000 (Mcclelland, 2017). Can apparel suppliers and retailers tackle the unethical practices that are impacting humanity and integrate practices that would ensure social sustainability? The focus of this research was for an opportunity to acquire and understand millennials perspectives on the unethical conduct and fashion industry with relevance to apparel sourcing, manufacturing, industry sustainability.

JEL: L60, L67, M14, D29, K20

The article attempts a comprehensive review of the human security concept in order to question its utility for both research and policy-making. It notes the term’s interdisciplinary and extensively normative content that have facilitated its evolution into a successful security discourse. On the other hand, human security’s wide appeal has as a side-effect an extended conceptual polysemy inhibiting the cumulation of knowledge and the development of a relevant theory. Absence of conceptual clarity has also complicated its policy implementation. The article attempts to break the deadlock and move the debate forward by using the work of John Gerring and Paul A. Barresi on concept formation as an organizing device.

Should media communication be left to the market, or rather (partly) removed from the market? This question is discussed by reconstructing an often-found ‘standard argument’ in the literature on the subject. This standard argument states that some form of marketindependent media provision is required since markets will fail to deliver a specific kind of high-quality content conducive to the democratic process. This paper argues that the standard argument is defective in several respects. By doing so, it reevaluates the way we think about the contribution of the media towards democracy and the role that the market is to play in this respect. First, the paper argues that the standard argument’s normative premise should not be couched in a welfarist theory but in terms of the capabilities that the media should strive to realise. Second, it sets the normative expectations of the media’s contribution towards the public sphere and democracy at too high a level. Third, the standard argument’s diagnosis of the market’s failure incorrectly assumes that the market can never generate the demand for highquality content. An alternative, more circumscribed claim about the market’s failure is presented, resting on two more contingent types of demand failure.

Bob Thomson is the retired ex-founder and Managing Director (1994-2000) of Transfair Canada. He is currently working on a book on zero growth. Ian Hussey, a PhD student (Sociology, York University), was the founding co-director of the Canadian Students Fair Trade Network. Jean-Frédéric Lemay (Ph.D, anthropology) is researcher on trade and agriculture at the NGO, Équiterre (Montreal) and a postdoctoral researcher at the Université du Québec en Outaouais.

The essential difficulty about Computer Ethics’ (CE) philosophical status is a methodological problem: standard ethical theories cannot easily be adapted to deal with CE-problems, which appear to strain their conceptual resources, and CE requires a conceptual foundation as an ethical theory. Information Ethics (IE), the philosophical foundational counterpart of CE, can be seen as a particular case of ‘environmental’ ethics or ethics of the infosphere. What is good for an information entity and the infosphere in general? This is the ethical question asked by IE. The answer is provided by a minimalist theory of deserts: IE argues that there is something more elementary and fundamental than life and pain, namely being, understood as information, and entropy, and that any information entity is to be recognised as the centre of a minimal moral claim, which deserves recognition and should help to regulate the implementation of any information process involving it. IE can provide a valuable perspective from which to approach, with insight and adequate discernment, not only moral problems in CE, but also the whole range of conceptual and moral phenomena that form the ethical discourse.

Are modern societies becoming more unequal? Is Australia becoming more unequal? Simplifying a little, in Australia there is no rising inequality trend in the general distribution of wealth, and the rising inequality trend in the general distribution of income is really rather small.

This paper reviews the current Corona virus situation, then examines the legal definitions of negligence and fiduciary duty in an attempt to determine whether closing a university because of health concerns over the Corona virus might result in legal liability for the university's board members and relevant university administrators.

The following is a draft excerpt from my forthcoming book, Eco-Nihilism: The Philosophical Geopolitics of the Climate Change Apocalypse. It concerns the the commodification of nonhuman animals, particularly endangered species.

Climate change makes of us all potentially endangered species, human and nonhuman. Some are “more immediately endangered” and some “less,” but no desirable future, at least as I’ve argued here, can be reconciled with homo Colossus’ quantifying and commodifying valuation of species and ecosystems.  It’s not just that climate instability makes a mockery of the concept “endangered species.” It’s that the way we assess the value of a species in terms of whether there are enough of them such that we’re “safe” in treating them as disposable eviscerates the world itself as a locus of experience worth wanting. In the pathology of conquest capital, an endangered species is simply a special kind of pricey commodity—like diamonds or honest politicians.

For the conquest capitalist, the meaning of “endangered” can only be calculated as price; the cost to salvage, the savings to let go to extinction. Endangered, moreover, signals “something important” only if it’s something in demand; hence the value of gorillas is a function of advertising, their beneficiaries the advertisers.

The vast majority of the books and articles that have been written over the past few centuries about trade policy in general and protectionism in particular have been written from a utilitarian perspective. Indeed, it would only be a slight overstatement to say that the only works written about protectionism have been written from a utilitarian perspective. The reason for this fact is that most analyses on protectionism are written either by economists or by people who adopt the ideas of economists to support their positions. And economists tend to be utilitarians. Those who have political agendas will tend to incorporate only those sources that support their own view and ignore or downplay opposing views, but even biased commentators use utilitarian arguments to support their positions. This paper takes a distinctly different approach. Rather than starting from a utilitarian premise, it begins from the premise that conduct that violates human rights is improper, then examines whether protectionism violates human rights. Part II presents an overview of the utilitarian approach to the examination of protectionism. Part III points out the deficiencies in the utilitarian approach and offers an alternative approach based on property, contract and association rights. The author concludes that the only trade policy that does not violate human rights is a policy of total, immediate and unilateral free trade. An extensive bibliography with links to more than 100 trade articles is also included.

À travers la promotion de ce qu’ils appellent les « nudges », Richard Thaler et Cass Sunstein prétendent jeter les bases d’une nouvelle philosophie des politiques publiques : le « paternalisme libertarien ». Les mesures associées à un tel programme réaliseraient l’exploit d’inciter les individus à prendre de meilleures décisions, dans leur intérêt bien compris, tout en préservant leur liberté de choix. Accueillis très positivement dans certains milieux politiques, vilipendés dans d’autres, les auteurs n’hésitent pas à qualifier leur approche de véritable « troisième voie1 ». Le paternalisme libertarien se présente comme un moyen d’améliorer drastiquement les politiques publiques, et ce dans de nombreux domaines.
Mais en quoi cette philosophie des politiques publiques est-elle paternaliste ? Une telle étiquette permet-elle de restituer adéquatement le débat, et de déterminer les implications normatives du vaste et ambitieux programme de recherches de l’économie comportementale ? Je cherche à montrer dans cette article que le label « paternaliste » est un choix malheureux de la part de nos auteurs : non seulement il ne permet pas de rendre compte adéquatement de leur position, mais encore, il tend une perche critique à leurs adversaires. Ce faisant, j’espère remettre en question le cadre théorique classique du débat sur les nudges, qui se réduit bien souvent à l’opposition paternalistes/antipaternalistes.
Dans ses travaux les plus récents2, Sunstein tente de répondre à certaines critiques qui lui ont été adressées, et soutient la thèse selon laquelle concevoir les politiques publiques en termes de nudges permet de pousser à un niveau plus élevé l’analyse classique des « échecs de marché » (market failures). C’est cette thèse que je me propose de décortiquer dans cet article. J’espère montrer qu’elle pointe en direction de faiblesses importantes dans la façon dont les nudges sont conceptualisés, ainsi qu’à des confusions majeures dans la manière dont les débats sur les nudges sont menés. Les débats sur les nudges, et surtout sur les leçons à tirer des recherches en économique comportementale, doivent aller dans d’autres directions, plus fécondes.

This is a unique opportunity for early career researchers to join The Alan Turing Institute. The Alan Turing Institute (ATI) is the UK’s new national institute for data science, established to bring together world-leading expertise to provide leadership in the emerging field of data science. The Institute has been founded by the universities of Cambridge, Edinburgh, Oxford, UCL and Warwick and the EPSRC.

This is a targeted call, by which we intend to recruit researchers in subjects currently underrepresented by our fellowship cohort. Fellowships are available for 3 years with the potential for an additional 2 years of support following interim review. Fellows will pursue research based at the Institute hub in the British Library, London. Fellowships will be awarded to individual candidates and fellows will be employed by a joint venture partner university (Cambridge, Edinburgh, Oxford, UCL or Warwick).

Chapitre 3, pp. 63-91, de Ethique médicale et politique de santé, Philippe Batifoulier et Maryse Gadreau (eds). (chez Economica, 2005)
Alors que la question des rapports entre droit et économie est devenue un sujet de préoccupation important pour l’économie politique1, rares sont encore les économistes qui se sont consacrés à penser sur un plan théorique le rapport entre économie et éthique. John Commons, un des pères fondateurs de l’économie institutionnelle américaine, est de ceux-là2. Pour celui qui fut un temps, dans l’entre-deux guerres, président de l’American Economic Association, il n’était pas possible de développer un discours raisonnable en matière économique sans tenir compte des relations intrinsèques que l’économie noue non seulement avec le droit mais aussi avec l’éthique. Affirmant cela, il avait bien conscience de s’écarter de la trajectoire de l’économie standard qui, depuis Locke, dénie tout intérêt pour la science économique d’intégrer une réflexion savante sur cette dernière relation. Aussi, si Commons se réfère à Locke pour affirmer la nécessité de concevoir l’économie dans son rapport à l’éthique et au droit, il s’en sépare immédiatement en récusant l’idée lockienne que le concept de travail puisse en être l’expression unitaire. Pour Commons, en posant comme hypothèse de départ un principe d’abondance, Locke conçoit le travail non pas comme une nécessité économique liée à la rareté (naturelle ou construite) des ressources, mais, avec les puritains, comme une obligation éthique de rachat du péché originel. Il reporte ainsi la question de la relation entre économie et éthique dans le domaine religieux, ce qui fait que l’économie n’aurait plus à s’en préoccuper : pour Locke, la morale - religieuse - se réduit au devoir de travailler et en posant le travail comme son présupposé l’économie peut alors en faire abstraction. Les économies politiques classique et néo-classique qui prennent leur source chez lui et qui, à sa suite, se donnent pour objet les relations hommes/choses et non pas les relations hommes/hommes ont continué dans cette voie3. Ainsi l’économie et l’éthique sont devenues pour les économistes des domaines entièrement indépendants de la pensée. Pour Commons, cette “ solution ” du problème n’est pas acceptable. Il cherche donc à réinaugurer le questionnement en reprenant l’idée humienne d’une “ unification du droit, de l’économie et de l’éthique dans un principe commun de rareté ”. Dès lors en effet que “ le principe de rareté est ultime pour le droit, l’économie et les relations éthiques, le terme de propriété prend une double signification ” : la propriété au sens économique qui se réfère à la chose possédée et est évaluée en tant que “ quantité économique ”, et la “ propriété au sens juridique et éthique ” qui se réfère aux “ droits de propriété ”. L’unification de l’économie, du droit et de l’éthique ne peut donc être considérée comme donnée a priori et en extériorité à l’économie car elle doit alors être considérée comme une construction sociale de caractère historique. Il y a ainsi lieu de
rechercher des corrélations entre ces divers champs de pratiques et de discours tenus sur elles, des relations fonctionnelles a posteriori entre eux étant les conditions d’une régulation économique d’ensemble. En effet, comme l’écrit Commons, “ si l’objet de l’économie politique n’est pas seulement les individus et les forces de la nature, mais les êtres humains en tant qu’ils tirent des autres leur capacité à vivre grâce à des transferts mutuels de droits de propriété, alors c’est dans le droit et l’éthique qu’il faut chercher les tournants critiques de cette activité humaine ” ; Or penser l’économie en relation avec le droit et l’éthique conduit notre auteur à concevoir cette dernière d’une manière différenciée selon l’échelle (micro-méso-macro) de l’espace social où se déploie l’activité des unités économiques qu’il conceptualise : transactions et organisations industrielles, souveraines et culturelles. Il en résulte une construction complexe. Pour en comprendre la cohérence d’ensemble et la richesse, il nous faut donc d’abord présenter le cadre théorique global dans lequel sa conceptualisation de l’éthique prend place et fait sens. On pourra alors la préciser et examiner le rôle que conjointement au droit, l’éthique joue dans les pratiques économiques.

This paper examines the question of whether it is ethical for company officials to use the force of government to reduce or eliminate foreign competition, using the antidumping laws as a case study. This paper begins with a brief examination of the U.S. antidumping laws, then examines several ethical questions related to the antidumping laws. The main question to be addressed is whether, and under what circumstances, it is ethical for domestic producers to ask government to launch an antidumping investigation against a foreign competitor. Related questions to be examined include (1) Whether it is ethical to ask the government to launch an antidumping investigation even when the domestic company making the request knows that dumping has not occurred; (2) Whether it is ethical to ask for an antidumping investigation in cases where dumping (according to the definition of dumping) has occurred, where the effect is to help domestic producers at the expense of the general public. This paper will examine these questions by applying both utilitarian and non-utilitarian approaches. A bibliography with links to more than 100 articles on trade is also included. The full paper may be downloaded here. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2861273 BIO Robert W. McGee is an accounting professor and best-selling novelist who has published 58 nonfiction books and more than 700 scholarly articles. He is an attorney and CPA who has lectured or worked in more than 30 countries, and has earned 13 doctorates from universities in the United States and four European countries. The Social Science Research Network has ranked him as high as #2 in the world All-Time among accounting professors and #30 in the world All-Time among all social scientists. Various studies have ranked him #1 in the world for both business ethics and accounting ethics scholarship. He has won 19 gold medals in

It is common to muse over the perils of thinking like an economist. There is, we are told, something missing when we only weigh the costs and benefits of some options before us, and then choose the one that will lead to the greatest utility. Such a view is now commonplace in philosophy curriculums, and it has been defended, for example, by Michael Sandel, Debra Satz, and Elizabeth Anderson. This paper, conversely, explains how scholars regularly underestimate the extent to which economics applies to their viewpoint, and how the field of economics is frequently portrayed in a misleading way. It will make clear the perils of not thinking like an economist, especially for philosophers, and it will right the caricatures we can too often hear about economists. Both philosophers and economists think about the same issue, namely the question of value. Economics, however, examines the consequences of value judgments, and as such it is an essential feature of any practical proposition about value in society.

On peut comprendre la soft law en distinguant le caractère obligatoire des règles de leur force contraignante. Des exemples pris du droit économique international montrent qu’on ne peut pas simplement qualifier les règles de «contraignantes» ou «non contraignantes». La contrainte existe toujours «dans une certaine mesure», dont l’évaluation est une des missions politiques du juge.
Ainsi,  l’analyse  de  la  jurisprudence  de  la  Cour  de  justice  des  Communautés européennes relative à l’invocabilité du droit de l’OMC, plus particulièrement à son caractère  «inconditionnel»,  révèle  l’existence  d’une  politique jurisprudentielle modulant la force contraignante des règles juridiques.
D’autre part, les références à des textes de soft law présentes dans les Accords de l’OMC relatifs aux mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS) et aux obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC) sont un exemple de « reprise » de la soft law par le droit positif et, dès lors, de modification de la contrainte dont il est assorti. De nouveau, cette contrainte dépend en grande partie de l’appréciation du juge.

This paper investigates the effect of eco-labeling on rental rates, sale prices and occupancy rates. The consensus emerging from previous studies appears to be that investors in and occupiers of eco-labeled buildings obtain a bundle of benefits related to lower operating costs, reputation benefits and productivity higher. In this study, a hedonic model is used to test whether the presence of an eco-label has a significantly positive effect on rental rates, sale prices and occupancy rates of commercial office buildings in the US. The results suggest that office buildings with Energy Star or LEED eco-labels obtain rental premia of approximately 3–5%. Dual certification produces an additive effect with rental premia estimated at 9%. Respective sale price premia for Energy Star and LEED labeled office buildings are 18% and 25%. The sale price premium for dual certification is estimated at 28–29%. An occupancy premium could not be confirmed for LEED labeled office buildings and only a small positive occupancy premium was found for Energy Star.► Eco-labeling premiums are tested in rents, prices & occupancy of US office buildings. ► Energy Star or LEED commands a 3–5% rental premium, 9% for dual certified buildings. ► Sale price premium is 18% and 25% for Energy Star and LEED, 28–29% for dual certified. ► No occupancy premium for LEED buildings but a small positive effect for Energy Star.

This paper explores the relationship between tourism and the challenges of governance in the Arctic region. Recently, both political and academic interest in the Arctic has been on the rise as a result of the increasing geopolitical importance of the region. Changes of the climatic conditions and melting of the Arctic ice caps have resulted in increased access to the “world´s last wilderness”. The increased access and interest are contributing to a growing number of tourists visiting the North. As yearly arrivals continue to rise, a number of problematic issues need to be addressed. This paper reviews the main instruments relevant to the discussion of tourism currently employed in the governance of the Arctic, and critically evaluates the insufficiencies of the current legal framework for Arctic governance and regulation of tourism in the Arctic. It concludes that although tourism in the Arctic has a number of advantages, particularly for the indigenous populations, the current legal and regulatory framework in the region lacks the scope and authority to minimize the potential (and increasing) environmental, economic, and social risks associated with increased tourism and other human activity in the region.

Swilling and Annecke (2012, p. xiv) state that "the balance between synthesis and analysis" is necessary to critically understand the problems of sustainability, and to formulate creative problem solving. The shift from understanding sustainability problemsinto creative solutions through democracy and innovation is the just transition that the authors promote throughout the book. This book review dissects chapters of the book based on the similar spirit, i.e. to assemble pieces of sustainability problems presented and critically assess the links between the problems and the solutions offered in the book.

The paper presents the main tensions and problems caused by the global financial crisis to the employment and employment policies in Romania and EU countries. The current crisis has once again confirmed that economies are interconnected and no region in the world can be independent in a globalized world economy. Thus, the implementation of EU economic policies in general and employment policies, in particular, were influenced by the current financial and economic crisis. Because of this, at the level of EU there have been strengthened efforts to promote employment, as part of a strategy to overcome financial and economic crisis, through programs such us New Skills for New Jobs, Lisbon Strategy 2020, Labour market developments in the crisis.

Human right to water has arguably become a flashpoint issue for debates over the social dimensions of globalization. The social dimension of a globalization is a current and main challenge to ensure that globalization and global governance become a positive force incorporating inclusiveness, accountability and participation with shared responsibilities. In this context, this paper argues that a lack of the social dimension in a process of globalization means a crisis in global governance.

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.

The last three decades of the Twentieth Century in Australia saw great focus on reform to improve government performance and accountability, starting with the Whitlam Government.  Almost all of this reform has focussed on two sectors: first, policy formulation and decision making; and second, service delivery. 

However, these reforms have paid little attention to the performance of a very important ‘third sector’ in government: those that regulate others but deliver little directly themselves.  There is clear evidence of this sector emerging as an ever more dominant part of the public policy armoury

The paper reflects on a possible framework for measuring the performance of a regulator. 

It also assesses the Office of the Federal Privacy Commissioner against the proposed performance framework, for the five year period when significant change to the Privacy Act 1988 was developed and implemented. 

The assessment is undertaken against a description of the environment in which the Office found itself at the time.

INDICE 1.-AMÉRICA LATINA Y SU CRISIS SOCIAL: MÁS POBRES Y HAMBRIENTOS PERO CON MÁS ALIMENTOS 2.-LOS DERECHOS ECONÓMICOS, SOCIALES Y CULTURALES EN LA REGIÓN: DOS PASOS ADELANTE, UN PASO ATRÁS. 2.1.-Breve retazo histórico: consolidación a pesar de todo 2.2.-Los DESC a finales del siglo XX: un avance más teórico que real para el ciudadano

Bounded rationality, opportunism, the primacy of markets and the action of economizing are building blocks of Oliver Williamson's Transaction Cost Economics (TCE). As in all intellectual exchanges, Williamson has used a range of argumentative devices to set up and negotiate his basic notions and assumptions with economists. Rhetorical analysis is applied here to study his argumentation in a certain institutional context within economics. Negotiations with the mainstream, with the competence view of the firm and within the New Institutional Economics, for instance, have had an impact on the construction of TCE and are given attention here. Difficult decisions have been made in order to forge ahead with TCE, including whether to uphold some notions (e.g. opportunism) at the cost of leaving others behind (e.g. economics of atmosphere). Rhetorical transactions like this have shaped TCE and its recognition in economics and related areas.

Abstract This paper introduces a new dataset from 100 Dutch institutional investors in respect of their domestic and international investments. We focus on institutional investor private equity allocations and provide comparisons to public equity, and show similarities in the determinants of socially responsible investment for different asset classes.