Although intergenerational family transfers of private wealth should be limited on grounds of intergenerational justice, these same grounds can provide states with pro tanto reasons to support intergenerational charitable transfers of private wealth. This is because, given their distinctive governance structure and ability to exist over long time horizons, philanthropic institutions, unlike the nuclear family, can and should play three distinctive roles in helping a society fulfill its intergenerational obligations. First, they can be harnessed to counteract the short-termism and presentism of the democratic process, in a way that promotes the long-term interests of future generations. Second, they can supplement political institutions in fulfilling the ultimate purpose of the just savings principle, in circumstances where a regression from the steady-stage state to the accumulation stage is possible but highly unlikely. Third, they can complement political institutions in securing the reproduction of a particular form of capital—social capital—over time.

We have performed a focalized investigation to explore how corporate social responsibility (CSR) moderates the relationship between corporate governance and firms' financial performance. We applied a panel regression to examine this relationship from a sample of 3400 Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) listed firms, based on yearly observations from 2009 to 2018. Our results show that the presence of female directors on the board is associated with improved firms' performance and that corporate social responsibility (CSR) moderates this relation, thus indicating that sharing strategic decision-making with female board members revealed a better relationship between CSR and firms' financial performance. Our findings showed that foreign institutional investors positively influenced firms' financial performance and that CSR moderates the relation between foreign institutional shareholders and the firm's financial performance. Supported by corporate governance theories, such as resource dependence and stakeholder theory, our results help to better understand the nexus among corporate governance, firms' performance and corporate social responsibility. These findings are advantageous to government departments in emerging countries in terms of encouraging marketing practitioners and participants to implement CSR practices and change the attitude associated with CSR implications. This study highlighted the problems of the foreign institutional investors' scheme, which was the main contribution to the financial market reform of China after 2003. These findings offer significant implications to corporate affairs executives and managers, practitioners, academicians, state officials, and policy-makers, and might provide China with the opportunity to extend its market liberalization to the global markets. This research also contributes to the existing literature, which investigates how CSR moderates the relationship between corporate governance and firms' financial performance in the Chinese market context.

La doctrine récente en théorie et en philosophie du droit examine depuis plusieurs années les transformations du droit dans la mondialisation à partir de l’hypothèse de la formation d’un droit global. Les codes de conduites constitueraient un élément typique de ce droit global naissant. 

Confrontés au phénomène massif de multiplication des codes de conduite, considéré comme extérieur au droit, selon la théorie et les critères classiques des normes juridiques, mais qui évolue pourtant en interaction sinon en concurrence avec lui, les auteurs examinent dans cette contribution le problème des rapports entre codes de conduite et sources du droit. Ce problème se décline en deux questions distinctes, mais complémentaires, qui sont traitées successivement. Premièrement, les codes de conduite constituent-ils ou seraient-ils susceptibles de constituer une source formelle du droit et, dans l’affirmative, laquelle ? S’agit-il d’une source spécifique, sui generis, ou peut-on finalement la ramener à des sources connues comme la convention, l’usage ou d’autres solutions encore ? Deuxièmement, dans quelle mesure les codes de conduite nous invitent-ils à repenser la théorie des sources, à éventuellement modifier ou compléter notre compréhension de ce concept, voire, et c’est vers cette option plus radicale que les auteurs inclinent, à remettre en cause la pertinence de la notion de « sources du droit », sa capacité à rendre compte d’un phénomène normatif, qui s’inscrit dans une logique qui fondamentalement différente de l’approche du droit par les sources ?

The purpose of this document is to feed the comparison on ethics in
governance systems in order to carry out the research project: “From the scientific method to the linear solution of governance problems of complex systems at the time of SARS-CoV-2”

3rd Edition Release: October 2016
The need for sustainable development has risen to the forefront of the global community with the signing of the Paris Agreement, and it is clearly necessary for everyone, including the business world, to be thoroughly prepared to tackle the ensuing challenges. While a myriad of companies are quick to embrace ‘sustainability’ and boast their environmental and social performances, the concept of sustainability in business management requires a non-traditional approach to business. Why?
• Sustainability involves issues that are about competing interests and values and requires all stakeholders to work together towards a common goal.
• Sustainability is holistic by nature and does not focus on short term gains.
• Sustainability requires a long term and broader approach to profit that recognises overexploitation of resources will limit future economic viability and create irreparable damage to host destinations (and mankind!) in the process.
It is understood that education is critical for promoting sustainability and improving the capacity of managers to address business issues in the context of the environment and society. Learning does not stop after leaving high school, college or university. For everyone involved closely or remotely with the hospitality industry, this third edition of Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: Principles of Sustainable Operations is a must-read. In other words, present and future hospitality executives need to know how sustainable management systems can be integrated into their  businesses while maintaining and improving the three bottom lines.

There have been many important developments in the field of sustainability and hospitality management since the first and second editions of this book. Therefore, the third edition has been updated accordingly:

• Updated content to reflect recent issues and trends (e.g. energy, water & waste management, food sourcing, carbon mitigation strategies).
• A complete new chapter on managing accessibility in hospitality
• A new chapter on environmental accounting and internalisation of externalities
• Expanded chapters on environmental management systems, key performance sustainability indicators and auditing
• Updated chapter on certification systems and ecolabelling
• Expanded chapter on hospitality corporate social responsibility strategies and social entrepreneurship
• Inclusion of new international industry case studies
• New practical exercises, discussion questions, and research project ideas throughout the book based on real-life sustainability scenarios.

The third edition of Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: Principles of Sustainable Operations, is the reference book introducing the economic, environmental and social sustainability issues specifically facing the industry as well as exploring ideas, solutions and strategies on how to manage operations in a sustainable way. This accessible and comprehensive account of sustainability in the hospitality industry is essential reading for all students and future managers.

Business is increasingly employing sustainability practices, aiming to improve environmental and social responsibility while maintaining and improving profitability. For many organizations, profit-oriented business models are a major constraint impeding progress in sustainability. A formally defined ontology, a model definition, for profit-oriented business models has been employed globally for several years. However, no equivalent ontology is available in research or practice that enables the description of strongly sustainable business models, as validated by ecological economics and derived from natural, social, and system sciences. We present a framework of strongly sustainable business model propositions and principles as findings from a transdisciplinary review of the literature. A comparative analysis was performed between the framework and the Osterwalder profit-oriented ontology for business models. We introduce an ontology that enables the description of successful strongly sustainable business models that resolves weaknesses and includes functionally necessary relationships.

[Since this research was completed, the practitioner visual design tool (the Strongly Sustainable Business Model Canvas) that is conceptually "powered by" the the Strongly Sustainable Business Model Ontology, has been further refined to become the Flourishing Business Canvas - see www.FlourishingBusiness.org for the most recent practice and developments].

This paper is part of the special issue “Business Models for Sustainability: Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Transformation” https://blog.ssbmg.com/2013/07/29/call-for-papers-for-a-special-issue-of-organization-environment-business-models-for-sustainability-entrepreneurship-innovation-and-transformation/.  It was submitted at the personal invitation of guest editors Prof. Dr. Stefan Schaltegger, Prof. Dr. Erik Hansen and Dr. Florian Lüdeke-Freund (Leuphana University Centre for Sustainability Management)