Today's business customers expect sellers not only to respond effectively to their expressed needs but also to understand their business sufficiently well to proactively address their latent and future needs. Yet, research shows that many firms underestimate, misunderstand, or overlook these customer expectations. To draw clarity to this discrepancy, this study explores the notion of proactive customer orientation and examines the degree to which this capability offers an opportunity for competitive advantage. While research in recent years has explored the role of proactive customer orientation in new product performance, empirical investigation in this stream of market orientation literature is significantly underdeveloped. We assess the impact of the proactive customer orientation construct on value creation by taking a novel approach that examines the proactive customer orientation → value → satisfaction → loyalty chain using data from 800 business customers in India, Singapore, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We find that, relative to other firm capabilities, proactive customer orientation is the most consistent driver of customer value across our multinational data set. Results also show robust effects for the interaction of proactive and responsive customer orientation to create superior value. Several moderating conditions further frame the impact of this capability: intense levels of customer value change, a global relationship scope, and a transnational relationship structure. Overall, findings significantly advance the understanding of the proactive dimension within market orientation and provide marketers with insights for voice of the customer processes.

Strategic intrapreneurship stands out as an emerging concept especially in recent years since it plays a crucial role for both large and small and medium-sized enterprises. In this scope, the strategic intrapreneurship concept refers a vision-oriented, organization-wide reliance on intrapreneurial behavior that consciously and continuously revitalizes the corporate and shapes the scope of business activities through the identification and utilization of entrepreneurial opportunity. From this point of view, this study aims to review the recent conceptual framework of strategic intrapreneurship and the intrapreneurs' characteristics with regard to the significance and the meaning of creating a strategy for businesses' corporate existence and long-term survival. In this frame, it has been seen that the concepts of strategic intrapreneurship which has been conceptually and terminologically confused with entrepreneurship in several ways, has a positive impact on internal development within an existing organization since it is a process that systematizes set of activities that form strategic vision or include actualizing a corporate strategy.

The concept of strategic intrapreneurship emerges through the combination of two potentials, namely intrapreneurship and strategic management. Strategic intrapreneurship help organizations seek to achieve strategic goals in order to discover innovations and take advantage of today's competitive advantages in the direction of its goals and objectives. Strategic intrapreneurs engage in strategic intrapreneurship in line with their core competencies to provide a sustainable competitive advantage for the enterprise. The main purpose of the study will be to present an approach to the strategic intrapreneurship model that emerges from the combination of entrepreneurship, strategic management and try to explain these concepts in a different approach with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The quantitative study conducted in terms of strategic intrapreneurship, it is believed that the intrapreneurship and its dimensions show the behaviors of the intrapreneurship and dimensions of the workers are at a high level. The findings from SWOT analysis, which is qualitative research, show that the participants have high level of strategic intrapreneurship behaviors.

The research paper provides an understanding of influence of entrepreneurial orientation on export performance of Small Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Background of the study presents an overview of SMEs in Malaysia especially in Kuala Lumpur. Moreover, there is an evaluation of Malaysia’s SMEs and export performance. Furthermore, the concept of entrepreneurial orientation is widely discussed in this research paper.
Observation of literature review as well as methodology examines the particular topic in detailed perspective. Furthermore, data analysis and presentation elaborates the subject of particular study.
Research findings present the outcomes of three main variables of entrepreneurial orientation such as innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking in relation to export performance of SMEs.
Eventually, conclusion and recommendations are provided in order to recapitulate and offer some suggestions relating to export performance and entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs.

This study is aimed to assess the effect of both employability and personal resources, in terms of pro-activity and self-efficacy, on the relationship between job insecurity and psycho-social distress. Using survey data from 211 participants, among employed, unemployed and workers in transition, we analyzed the incidence of employability, pro-activity and self-efficacy on psycho-social distress. Our results showed that the above-mentioned variables significantly differed by participants’ gender and age. The structural theoretical model proposed to assess the significance of the hypothesized paths exhibited good fit with the data. Thus, all our hypotheses were supported. Findings are in line with previous research, and practical implications may give significant effects when applied in new labor policies undertaken by local governments.

Today’s business customers expect sellers not only to respond effectively to their expressed needs but also to understand their business sufficiently well to proactively address their latent and future needs. Yet, research shows that many firms underestimate, misunderstand, or overlook these customer expectations. To draw clarity to this discrepancy, this study explores the notion of proactive customer orientation and examines the degree to which this capability offers an opportunity for competitive advantage. While research in recent years has explored the role of proactive customer orientation in new product performance, empirical investigation in this stream of market orientation literature is significantly underdeveloped. We assess the impact of the proactive customer orientation construct on value creation by taking a novel approach that examines the proactive customer orientation → value → satisfaction → loyalty chain using data from 800 business customers in India, Singapore, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We find that, relative to other firm capabilities, proactive customer orientation is the most consistent driver of customer value across our multinational data set. Results also show robust effects for the interaction of proactive and responsive customer orientation to create superior value. Several moderating conditions further frame the impact of this capability: intense levels of customer value change, a global relationship scope, and a transnational relationship structure. Overall, findings significantly advance the understanding of the proactive dimension within market orientation and provide marketers with insights for voice of the customer processes.

It is commonly believed that entrepreneurs are one of the main pillars of nation economic growth or development due to their ability to create jobs. Entrepreneur as a career choice has known since ancient time along with career as non-entrepreneur. Research on entrepreneurship is increasingly performed in last period along with the decrease in employment opportunities. This research aims to analyze the personal characteristics that influence university graduates to choose entrepreneur as their career option. Based on previous research, five factors were identified, i.e: risk taking, competitive aggressiveness, proactiveness, innovativeness, and autonomy. Data were collected from 76 respondents. Data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis, cross tabulation, confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and logistic regression to test how those factors relate to career choice as an entrepreneur. The analysis shows that only three factors significantly influenced the choice of entrepreneur as career choice, i.e. proactiveness, risk taking, and competitive aggressiveness.

There is an urgent need to foster the development and establishment of robust and effective preparedness and emergency response systems capacity, and strenghtening community-based programs and activities in improving Aedes-related Zika virus epidemics, mosquito's larva breeding sites prevention and smart ecological management in vulnerable settings worldwide.

Kuruluşlarını takiben kısa süreler içerisinde uluslararası pazarlarda faaliyet göstermeye başlayan, geleneksel uluslararasılaşma sürecine ilişkin yaklaşımların öngördüğü aşamalardan geçmeyen küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmeler alan yazında “Küresel Doğan İşletme” olarak anılmaktadır. Küresel doğan işletmelerin baskın özelliklerinden birisi de uluslararası girişimcilik yönelimidir. Alan yazında uluslararası girişimciliğin yenilikçilik, risk alma ve proaktiflik olmak üzere üç boyutundan bahsedilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, uluslararası girişimciliğin proaktiflik boyutu ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, küresel doğan işletmelerin uluslararası girişimcilik yöneliminin bir boyutu olarak proaktif olmalarını etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmektir. Araştırmada, Sakarya ilinde, farklı sektörlerde bulunan, yedi küresel doğan işletme tespit edilmiş ve nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacına ve niteliğine uygun olarak örnek olay deseni tercih edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz sürecinde Nvivo 8 yazılımından faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, küresel doğan işletmelerin proaktif olmalarını etkileyen faktörler; fuarlar, bilgi, bilgi kaynakları, yönetici özellikleri, ağ bağlantıları ve güven olmak üzere altı başlık altında toplanmış ve açıklanmıştır.

Cultural heritage is an area that has recently drawn research attention, especially for exploring ways to harness novel mobile technologies for supporting visitors. The main benefit of these novel technologies is their ability to provide personalized, context-aware information services to their users. However, the use of context-awareness is connected to a fundamental issue of proactiveness -should the system keep the user in control all the time and only respond to user requests, or should the system take initiative and propose its services when needed? Proactiveness of mobile visitors' guides brings with it a possibility for better service to the user at the cost of taking control out of the user's hand. The amount of choice given to visitors is another key issue. With the vast amount of information available for each exhibit, adaptation of the amount of information by limiting the number of content items, could be warranted to filter the information according to the visitors needs. However, it is not clear how reducing choice in terms of the number of content items that are presented to the visitor affects visitor behavior and satisfaction. We examined these issues in a controlled user study conducted with actual museum visitors; comparing usage, behavior patterns, and attitudes of visitors using three versions of a location-aware mobile museum guide.

Among the features of concurrent engineering is the notion of distributed design, and the ability to communicate design changes to multidisciplinary teams. Engineering design is a complex activity. Differences in system architectures and information structures, and co-ordination requirements tend to reduce the effectiveness of distributed design. Current thinking indicates that multi-agent systems (MAS) can alleviate some of the complex engineering design problems. In this paper, it is argued that agent attributes such as proactiveness and autonomy can overcome these limitations. Agents provide a¯exible and dynamic approach to distributed/multidisciplinary design team which can reduce redundant design activities, and improve coordination. #

Abstract Today's business customers expect sellers not only to respond effectively to their expressed needs but also to understand their business sufficiently well to proactively address their latent and future needs. Yet, research shows that many firms underestimate, misunderstand, or overlook these customer expectations. To draw clarity to this discrepancy, this study explores the notion of proactive customer orientation and examines the degree to which this capability offers an opportunity for competitive advantage. While research in ...

We extend prior work on proactiveness in family firms by examining the relationship between firm age and proactiveness. Specifically, we propose an S-shaped effect of aging of family firms on proactiveness. Additionally, we provide a contingency perspective by considering the moderating role of the dispersion of managerial control among family members. Using a sample of Swiss family firms, we find that proactiveness first declines, then increases, and finally decreases again as the family firm ages, and that this relationship is steeper when the managerial control is dispersed among multiple family members.

Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) are contributing to the economy in many ways such as; generation of new employment opportunities, the introduction of new business methods, products and services, and the elimination of the monopoly of large enterprises etc. There is no sign on a research which is discussing the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) to the business performance in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) SMEs in Sri Lanka. Objective of this study was to identify the above relationship in order to give insight to policy makers and chairpersons on areas which should be focused for growth in SMEs.
In this research, literature from diverse authors and sources has been reviewed in order to find out gaps exist. After reviewing many previous studies, entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, business performance dimensions and control variables are identified. ICT SMEs listed in Export Development Board (EDB) is used as the sample and on-line questionnaire is distributed among them. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Cronbach's alpha reliability test is performed to check the normality and reliability of data collected. Bivariate correlation test is performed to check whether control variables are correlated to each other, which can manipulate the result. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to identify the relationship between EO dimensions and business performance.
Research outcome suggests that Risk propensity is impacting negatively on revenue growth, employee recruitment, employee turnover and market share growth while Innovativeness is impacting positively on revenue growth, employee recruitment growth, return on assets and market share growth. Pro-activeness is impacting only on return on assets growth and market share growth and the relationship is identified as positive.

The purpose of this paper is to measure the effects of each dimension of entrepreneurship on the risks of Tunisian family businesses. The data for this study were collected through a survey, conducted face to face, with 110 Tunisian family businesses chosen from the database constructed by the Agency for the Promotion of Tunisian Industry. The use of survey results leads us to emphasize, based on linear regressions and correlations, the existence of a statistically negative significant relationship between the dimensions of entrepreneurship and the types of risks of the Tunisian family businesses. The originality of this research appears in the fact that we were able to tackle a subject that has not been adequately studied before, either theoretically or empirically, by researchers, in one hand, and, it is a novel study in the Tunisian family businesses which aim to reduce costs and risks, and maximize value in order to assure their survival, on the other hand.