The purpose of this study was to examine the possible effects of transactional and transformational leadership styles on entrepreneurial orientation. Transactional leadership discussed with two dimensional model consists of contingent reward and active management by exception, where transformational leadership discussed with four dimensional model consists of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. On the other hand entrepreneurial orientation was examined under three dimensions as; innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness. The survey of this study is conducted on 171 employees of three multinational companies in Istanbul. The obtained data from the questionnaires are analyzed through the SPSS statistical packaged software. Analyses results showed that transactional leadership affects only proactiveness dimension while transformational leadership affects all three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. The on...

Purpose-This study analyzes the effectiveness of research and development (R&D) organizations' strategies for obtaining competitive international funding and the role of research management offices (RMOs) in this process. It examines the internal factors that influence the proactivity and effectiveness of R&D centers and provides a theoretical model for improving the fundraising capacity and, ultimately, the competitiveness and sustainability of these institutions. Design/methodology/approach-The study sample comprised Spanish public R&D centers in the health and biomedical sectors. Partial least squares were used in the analyses to ensure the robustness of the results. Findings-Several independent variables showed a significant impact on the proactivity and effectiveness of R&D centers. The dispersed priorities of R&D managers reduce proactivity and fundraising effectiveness. Incentives and RMO workload increase proactivity, but workload alone also improves effectiveness. Originality/value-This study focuses on the management of health and biomedical R&D centers. It examines the influence of internal factors, such as managerial priorities, RMO incentives and RMO workload, on competitive international funding. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for the development of internationally applicable management strategies to enhance the effectiveness of research funding acquisition.

This study examines the innovation process through the interrelationships of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions in an emerging economy. Using a five-point Likert scale, we adopt a survey approach to measure individuals’ EO dimensions and explore the relationship between proactiveness, risk-taking, motivation, and innovation outcomes. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 466 individuals in Kuwait. Survey data are analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares approach. The results indicate that proactiveness and motivation positively relate to risk-taking. In addition, we find that our mediating variable, risk-taking, directly impacts innovation. The is an indirect effect of motivation and proactiveness on innovation, through risk-taking. These findings shed light on the interrelationships among different dimensions within the EO framework, pathways towards innovation, and provide meaningful insights for promoting innovation outcomes.

We present a theoretical framework of family ownership as a driver of the heterogeneity (between‐firm differences) and variability (within‐firm differences over time) of absorptive capacity (AC). Building on our analysis of the multiple dimensions of family ownership influence on firm behavior and the mechanisms that can shape the firm willingness and ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit external knowledge, we introduce the concepts of motivation gap and implementation gap to explain why, paradoxically, family ownership can cause both upward and downward divergences in AC. Our contingency framework identifies conditions under which the positive and negative effects of family ownership on AC are likely to prevail and adds a temporal perspective suggesting that AC varies depending on the duration of family ownership and ownership succession.

In today's rapidly changing business landscape, organizational adaptability is paramount for survival and success. This study delves into the profound impact of intrapreneurship autonomy, encompassing decision-making autonomy, learning autonomy, and innovation autonomy, on organizational adaptability, including market adaptability, cultural adaptability, and technological adaptability. An extensive empirical review of studies conducted in diverse geographical regions underscores the pivotal role that intrapreneurship autonomy plays in bolstering an organization's ability to thrive in dynamic environments. Decision-making autonomy empowers employees to respond with agility to market shifts, enabling them to make timely decisions tailored to evolving conditions. Learning autonomy fosters a culture of continuous learning, equipping organizations with the skills and knowledge to adapt to emerging technologies and market trends. Innovation autonomy drives technological advancements and market adaptability, empowering organizations to remain competitive. The culmination of the research points to a resounding conclusion that intrapreneurship autonomy significantly influences organizational adaptability, serving as a catalyst for market adaptability, cultural adaptability, and technological adaptability. When employees are granted autonomy in decision-making, learning, and innovation, organizations become more responsive to change, better equipped to seize opportunities, and wellprepared to mitigate challenges. As a practical recommendation derived from the findings, organizations should prioritize the cultivation of intrapreneurship autonomy. This entails fostering an environment where employees are encouraged to take ownership of their decision-making, engage in self-directed learning, and pursue innovative initiatives. By doing so, organizations can enhance their adaptability, positioning themselves for sustained success in today's dynamic business landscape.

Thirunagr Surabi preschool is an educational institution that caters to families of diverse linguistic, religious, cultural and cultural backgrounds who have migrated from different areas. Although 32 children are studying in the Pre School, the village sits close to the urban area and the house near the roads are grand displaly. Therefore, there is a little involment in the activities of the nongoernment organization in the village. Surabi Pre School is found to be lacking in basic facilities and due to internal conflict in the community Level. There is no healthy environment to carry out happiness of learning and teaching activities for the children stdying there. In this situation, surabi preschool was selected by the social worker to strengthen the preschool structure in the community work. The representative of the concerned local community based organization were selected and task force was formed for community work and they were given adequate training and engaged in community work activities. Data

Purpose of the study: Human resources are the main factor of competitive advantage in an organization, so the quality of employees becomes essential. This study aims to identify distinctive competencies for managerial and non-managerial levels in the fashion industry. Different job level needs a different level of skills and it shows the variation in training needs. Methodology: This research was done using qualitative studies with structured literature review and semi-structured interviews with managers as a preliminary stage. The primary research was done through a survey method using questionnaires distributed to 200 employees in a fashion company. Result: The result shows that there were nine different competencies needed by managerial and non-managerial level, namely (1) Achievement orientation, (2) Concern for order, (3) Information seeking, (4) Relationship building, (5) Developing others, (6) Teamwork, (7) Team leadership, (8) Analytical thinking, and (9) Sense of humor. Bes...

The role of small and medium enterprises is crucial for the European economic recovery-their number, employment capacity and value added constitute a large share in the European economy. Providing proper conditions in which small and medium enterprises can flourish is paramount for ensuring a sustained recovery and achieving prosperity for all EU citizens. In order to provide deeper understanding of small and medium hospitality enterprises business performance, the study aims to analyse data from Croatian Bureau of Statistics and author's earlier work. The data used were part of a longer scale and previously published survey brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk 2. ZBORNIK SVEUČILIŠTA U DUBROVNIKU 86 on the business activities of small and medium hospitality enterprises in the Republic of Croatia and the project named "The networking in clusters with the aim of more efficient operations of small and medium hospitality enterprises". The aim of this paper is to analyze the situation and conditions in which small and medium hospitality enterprises do business in Croatia.

Using a new framework that includes entrepreneurship, professionalism and professionalism as different dimensions of subjective career space, we investigated whether different kinds of people are motivated towards entrepreneurial as compared to organizational leadership or specialized professional work-roles. Correlations from two samples of 396 and 272 undergraduates indicate personality traits have more similar relationships with both entrepreneurial and leadership than with professional work-role motivations. Specifically, while the Big Five personality traits, low risk aversion and proactive personality correlate with entrepreneurial and leadership motivations, high risk aversion correlate with the motivation for more vocationally-based, professional work. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that whether proactive personality and risk aversion add to the prediction of entrepreneurial, professional and leadership motivations beyond the Big Five depends on the Big Five measure used and sampling differences. Overall, this study fills a gap in the comparative appreciation of the role of traits in leadership and entrepreneurial emergence, which has resulted from the historic separation of both research fields, and has implications for the entrepreneurial and/or leadership development of professionals in organizations.

Studies of entrepreneurial orientation tend to merge its three components‐proactiveness, risk-taking, and innovativeness‐into a monolithic construct and analyze its relationship with firm outcomes at one point in time. This has resulted in knowledge voids related to the relative importance of the different components, their specific effect on value created by the firm, and their evolution over time. The present study links each component of entrepreneurial orientation to economic value creation using a longitudinal dataset. Results provide support for hypothesized relationships. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

Purpose-Organizational agility is a critical dynamic capability necessary for organizations that compete in today's rapidly changing business conditions. In the literature, there are multiple perspectives to draw the borders for an organization's ability to be agile. Although Organizational Agility is a well-established concept in studies executed in U.S. and Europe, researches performed in Turkey still lack focus on agility dramatically. In order to fill this gap, this study is intended to adapt and validate the measurement scale of Lee, Sambamurthy, Lim and Wei (2015) to be used for companies operating in Turkey. Methodology-Lee et al. (2015) formed a 12-item scale to measure the components of organizational agility which are "proactiveness", "radicalness", "responsiveness" and "adaptiveness". Items to measure these components are translated into Turkish and reviewed for clarity, comprehensibility and risk of ambiguity by the linguistic professionals and academicians in the field. Finally, the scale is tested on a sample of 320 employees in managerial positions of companies that are operating in Turkey. Findings-12-item scale is tested through exploratory factor analysis to check for any differences in the items' distribution between the components of the construct. Four factors are formed parallel to the original scale representing proactiveness, radicalness, responsiveness and adaptiveness. As a consequence of very close factor loadings under two different components, one item from the adaptiveness factor is removed. The reliability values of all factors were above the necessary thresholds in the literature. In order to confirm the results of the EFA, AMOS is used for the confirmatory factor analysis and the results showed a very high model fit. Subsequently, discriminant validity and convergent validity tests are executed showing satisfactory output with no errors. Conclusion-The results show that the scale of Lee et al. (2015) can be used to measure the organizational agility of companies in Turkey. For their future studies, researchers can execute these scales on managerial level employees (since organization-wide information is required) to assess the levels of four dimensions of organizational agility.

The triggers that guide university students individual entrepreneurial orientation towards new venture creation are an emerging theme. The novel settings of entrepreneurship education the developing country context of South East Asia Malaysia and Thailand are used, while comparing them to key assumptions on general business in Asia and the west. A total of 332 participants were recruited. The items were reduced to five components using principal component analysis, and, using binomial logistic regression, shown to predict some of the variance in perceptions on individual entrepreneurial orientation in Malaysia and Thailand. The study shows that individual entrepreneurial orientation motivators can be separated into the distinct dimensions of which innovation, proactiveness, risk taking, and culture correlate with the the decision to become an entrepreneur in Southeast Asia. In addition, assumptions on business and education in the west and in Asia hold partially in Southeast Asia an...

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible effects of transactional and transformational leadership styles on entrepreneurial orientation. Transactional leadership discussed with two dimensional model consists of contingent reward and active management by exception, where transformational leadership discussed with four dimensional model consists of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. On the other hand entrepreneurial orientation was examined under three dimensions as; innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness. The survey of this study is conducted on 171 employees of three multinational companies in Istanbul. The obtained data from the questionnaires are analyzed through the SPSS statistical packaged software. Analyses results showed that transactional leadership affects only proactiveness dimension while transformational leadership affects all three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. The only insignificance among transformational leadership and entrepreneurial orientation is between individualized consideration and risk taking.

This study is a literature review on SWOT, qualitative and descriptive in nature. The study will examine SWOT Analysis in a historical, theoretical, time frame perspective, as an effective situation analysis technique which plays an important role in the fields of marketing, public relations, advertising and in any fields of requiring strategic planning. SWOT Analysis is an analysis method used to evaluate the 'strengths', 'weaknesses', 'opportunities' and 'threats' involved in an organization, a plan, a project, a person or a business activity. In this qualitative and descriptive study, firstly the position of SWOT Analysis in the strategic management process is explained, secondly the components of SWOT Analysis is examined. The study includes an international sports wear brand's SWOT Analysis; historical origins of SWOT, advantages-disadvantages and the limitations of SWOT is also reviewed.

Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth PLEASE CITE THE PUBLISHED VERSION

The article studies the relationship between the Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance in star class hotels of Sri Lanka. The study has utilized data collected from 215 senior managers employed in the star class hotel sector. CFA SEM analysis was performed using AMOS 21 to identify the relationship. The quantitative data analysis revealed there is a significant relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Business performance. Further, it was found Proactiveness, Risk Taking, Innovativeness, Autonomy and Competitor Aggressiveness are dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation.

The authors examine the concept of customer benefits in business-to-business markets in an international context. They distinguish between core and add-on benefits, and they discuss product quality, service quality, flexibility, trust, joint action, and commitment of the supplier as determinants of these customer benefits. They base their analysis on 981 respondents in two countries. The results suggest the importance of understanding the determinants in providing customer benefits. Furthermore, the authors observe significant cultural differences with respect to the impact of different determinants on perceived customer benefits. Following a discussion of the results, the authors present managerial implications, research limitations, and directions for further research.

Because of its positive impact on organizational growth and innovation, intrapreneurship has attracted interest in recent times. While its positive impact on organizations benefitted from extensive research over the last years, research on the willingness of employees to adopt intrapreneurial behavior remains low. This paper therefore aims to evaluate the attitudes of employees towards intrapreneurial behavior at work and what kind of working environments are suitable to encourage such behavior. Thereby, the potential risk related to such behavior is placed in the wider risk literature and then critically analyzed. The paper provides a theoretical background on intrapreneurship evincing the development of terms and definitions and identifying relevant authors in this research area. Based on previous research, the analysis of data provides new insights on employees' willingness to adopt intrapreneurial behavior and what working environments might be appropriate to support such behavior and enriches and deepens the understanding of these aspects. The findings show most respondents tended to aspire to intrapreneurial behavior and felt positively motivated towards shaping the organization's future. However, the related working environments are not always suitable and supportive for intrapreneurial behavior. Future research and the collection of further data could further enhance the understanding of employees' behavior and motivation related to intrapreneurship and a distinction of employees' and employers' thoughts might help to gain new knowledge in this field.

Its Relationship to the Level of Entrepreneurship and Legal Regulatory Environment. Doctor of Philosophy (Organization Theory and Policy), August, 1988, 124 pp., 33 tables, bibliography, 60 titles. This study examined the effects of entrepreneurship level and legal regulatory environment on environmental scanning in one component of the health services industry, private practice physical therapy. Two aspects of scanning served as dependent variables: (1) extent to which firms scrutinized six environmental sectors (competitor, customer, technological, regulatory, economic, social-political) and (2) frequency of information source use (human vs. written). Availability of information was a covariate for frequency of source use. Three levels of entrepreneurship were determined by scores on the Covin and Slevin (1986) entrepreneurship scale. Firms were placed in one of three legal regulatory categories according to the state in which the firm delivered services. A structured questionnaire was sent to 450 randomly selected members of the American Physical Therapy Association's Private Practice Section. Respondents were major decision makers, e.g., owners, chief executive officers. The sample was stratified according to three types of regulatory environment. A response rate of 75% was achieved (n = 318) with equal representation from each stratum. All questionnaire subscales exhibited high internal reliability and validity. The study used a 3x3 factorial design to analyze the data. Two multivariate analyses were conducted, one for each dependent variable set. Results indicated that "high" entrepreneurial level firms scanned the technological, competitor and customer environmental sectors to a significantly greater degree than "middle" or "low" level groups, regardless of type of legal regulatory environment. Also, "high" level firms were found to use human sources to a significantly greater degree than did lower level groups. Empirical evidence supporting Miles and Snow's (1978) proposition that "high" level entrepreneurial firms (prospectors) monitor a wider range of environmental conditions when compared to "low" level (defender) firms was presented. The results also confirmed that market and technological environments were scanned most often. Finally, the results added to the construct validity of the Covin and Slevin entrepreneurship scale and provided evidence of its generalizability to small businesses. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES vi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Problem 3 Purpose and Scope. .

Business environment of the manufacturing organizations has become increasingly complex, dynamic and uncertain as a consequence of various constraints. Thus, manufacturing industries are urged to increase their flexibilities to maintain competitiveness in the market. The affirmation of intrapreneurship has become one of the essential facts that in achieving higher adaptability and competitiveness in the growth. This study investigates a holistic view of the concept of intrapreneurship focused on purpose, influences, dimensions, and contribution related to the small and medium scale manufacturing industry in Sri Lanka. Narrative inquiry of the qualitative approach concern to interaction, continuity, and situation were framed on collecting data from the echelons. Fifteen echelons from the ISO certified manufacturing and award-winning organizations were purposively selected for the interviews. NVivo 12 used to organize the data in analysis and derived themes based on the four research questions. A model was constructed as the final outcome with related to the study findings. The study findings affirmed the relationship between intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship to stimulate organizational growth and the dyadic effect with related to thrift, productivity and efficiency of internal operation of the organizations. Research contribution primarily enabled three areas, development of entrepreneurial management system, development of echelons focusing intrapreneurship skills and socioeconomic growth.

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The present paper objective is to develop a conceptual model of intrapreneurship, or as it is also known, corporate entrepreneurship (CE). The intrapreneurship, through the encouragement of innovation in big companies, can represent both a competitive advantage and also the survival of a company nowadays. For being a current theme, intrapreneurship had its aspects explored more by the authors in recent years, however there are no conceptual standards designed and disseminated that can help to have a general view of the subject. Based on the assumption that intrapreneurship can be grounded on pillars of various themes, the main and more important dimensions found in the literature were gathered. These dimensions, such as innovation capacity, risk taking, resources, among others, are considered essential for corporate entrepreneurship. This paper proposes to discuss each one of the nine points raised and integrate them into one model. By the development of the subject, it was possible to obtain a well-grounded model with the key practice points of the intrapreneurship in large corporations. The nine dimensions were clustered in three core pillars (Structure, Management and Agents) in an intersection model, representing the interdependence between them.

Purpose-Present study aims to test the mediating role of internal communication on the relationship between social capital and market exploration and exploitation, and to link the impact of market exploration and exploitation to the firm performance. Methodology-The hypotheses derived from the literature were tested on a sample of 173 information technology firms in Turkey. Survey data was gathered through questionnaires which were applied to the managers of the firms. Relationships among variables were analyzed through structural equation modeling using Amos 25.0 statistical tool. Findings-Internal communication's full mediating impact on the relationship between social capital and market exploitation and exploration was supported. In return, market exploration was found to have a significant impact on firm performance which was measured by quality, innovation, reputation and customer satisfaction. Conclusion-Social capital is an antecedent for an effective internal communication and should be well established in the firms. Internal communication has an impact on both market exploration and exploitation activities, thus it should be supported and encouraged within the firms. Market exploration activities should not be neglected since they may contribute to firms' performance especially in the long run.

Purpose-On a retail market dominated by the emergence of large international store chains, there is an increasing emphasis on streamlining processes within companies that have 100% Romanian capital. In this context, the main purpose of the research is to determine the importance of streamlining the supply process of the company that is the subject of the case study. In order to achieve the goal, the research tries to answer the following question: Does the efficiency of the supply process lead to an additional stability for retail companies? The importance of the research is given by the fact that the retail sector is the main component of GDP in Romania, in 2020 it has or gross growth of 2.2% compared to 2019. Methodology-The research is represented by an analysis of the entire activity of a retail company in Romania, using the SWOT analysis model and empirical research. Findings-Following the SWOT analysis and the empirical research, it was certified that a correct diagnosis but also the systematic improvement of the supply process inevitably leads to a favorable dynamic for the company that is the object of the case study. Conclusion-based on the findings of the analysis, it can be concluded that changes in organizations are important and according to Kotter's model for a change to last it must become part of the organizational structure and be expressed in daily activities

Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) are known as an important strategic sector which has the potential to contribute towards GDP, employment generation, poverty alleviation and regional development particularly in the developing countries such as Sri Lanka. However, the main issue of SMEs is poor business performance that affects adversely their survival in the long run. Among other reasons, poor risk management practices have been identified as a main cause for such failures. Although risk taking is a fundamental for business performance, not managing the former properly will have an adverse impact on the latter. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mediating impact of risk management on the relationship between owner's risk attitude and business performance. The study was a basic explanatory type quantitative examination that followed the deductive reasoning method. A conceptual framework has been developed based on the literature survey that provided the basis for empirical investigation. Out of the SMEs established in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, 200 SMEs have been selected as the sample of the study following the random sampling procedure. Data were collected on researcher-administrated questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS statistical package. As per the stepwise regression analysis, it was found that risk management practices of SMEs mediate the relationship exists between the owner's risk attitude and business performance. Based on the findings, the study recommends that owners of SMEs should implement appropriate risk management practices in their SMEs while government institutions related to the SME sector should provide them with necessary support to establish proper risk management practices in their organizations.

To ensure survival, seize opportunities, and resist threats in the unpredictable business scenario, companies increasingly adopt practices that enable intra-entrepreneur behavior. This behavior is characterized by the alignment of company members in search of innovative solutions for the development of the organization and building a competitive advantage. The current study reflects on the importance of intra-entrepreneurship and innovation for the competitiveness of the organization. This article discusses the development of intra-entrepreneurship, its characteristics, the factors that precede it, and also reflects on the relationship between intra-entrepreneurship, innovation, and competitiveness of organizations. The methodological approach consisted of a systematic descriptive-discursive review of the academic literature with research in databases (CAPES Journal Portal, EBSCO HOST, and Web of Science). The keywords used were: corporate entrepreneurship, intra-entrepreneurship, i...

Firms are seeking ways to improve their ability to respond quickly to ever-increasing changes. In this regard, the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and Agility capabilities come into emergence as new concepts in marketingmanagement field contributing companies to survive and handling changes. Notwithstanding the importance of these concepts, the majority of researches conducted in relation to these subjects examine their relationship with firm’s performance. Also, from one hand, researches focusing on the antecedents of agility capabilities are scarce and literature in this area needs to be extended. From the other hand, Chang et al. (2007)’s call for paper scrutinizing the associations between the dimensions of EO and flexibility (one of the agility capabilities). Therefore, this study aims for filling in the gaps through both the literature of agility and entrepreneurial orientation. Additionally, in the light of multidimensional essence of concepts of agility and EO, the one-to-o...

Using a new framework that includes entrepreneurship, professionalism and professionalism as different dimensions of subjective career space, we investigated whether different kinds of people are motivated towards entrepreneurial as compared to organizational leadership or specialized professional work-roles. Correlations from two samples of 396 and 272 undergraduates indicate personality traits have more similar relationships with both entrepreneurial and leadership than with professional work-role motivations. Specifically, while the Big Five personality traits, low risk aversion and proactive personality correlate with entrepreneurial and leadership motivations, high risk aversion correlate with the motivation for more vocationally-based, professional work. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that whether proactive personality and risk aversion add to the prediction of entrepreneurial, professional and leadership motivations beyond the Big Five depends on the Big Five measure used and sampling differences. Overall, this study fills a gap in the comparative appreciation of the role of traits in leadership and entrepreneurial emergence, which has resulted from the historic separation of both research fields, and has implications for the entrepreneurial and/or leadership development of professionals in organizations.

Based on a sample of 300 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in the Province of Udine (north East of Italy) and the Kärtner Region (South of Austria) we perform an analysis of the impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on SMEs' subjective performances. We develop a model in which EO dimensions are moderated by the role of financial leverage The present work is part of a research project on an interregional cooperation programme Italy-Austria (INTERREG IV) financed by the European Regional Development Fund whose program areas include the Province of Udine and the Kärtner Region. Subjective performances has been widely investigated in academic literature where various streams of research have been developed. A prominent field of research focuses on the constructs of EO orientation and their ability to prompt performances through innovative attitude, risk taking behaviour, aggressiveness, autonomy and competitive energy. Another established field of research focuses on the impact of financial structure (i.e. leverage) on performances, although with ambiguous results.. We find support to the hypothesis that competitive energy might have a significant and positive impact in driving performance, which has obvious implications for managers and theoreticians. We also find that leverage might have a significant moderating role through interactions with EO dimensions.

Academic careers are becoming less linear and secure, and are increasingly shaped by environmental constraints. As a result, highly qualified early and mid-career researchers, in particular from STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines, are pursuing careers outside academia. This paper advances theory and empirical research on career transitions and sustainable careers by investigating how junior academics transition into the field of data science by exploring the facilitators of their career transition and the ways in which they experience career sustainability in their new occupational field. This study relies on 28 in-depth interviews with early and mid-career STEM researchers from elite universities who decided to join a data science "bootcamp" to pursue a new career as data scientists. Our study reveals the career barriers that junior researchers experience in academia and how career catalysts increase their career adaptability, facilitating a career transition into sustainable careers in data science. Our study shows that career sustainability is experienced through the reaffirmation of interviewees' identity as researchers outside of academia as well as in the reconciliation between their previous career expectations and actual career outcomes after transitioning into data science.

Distinguishing sufficient conditions from necessary conditions is crucial in both theoretical and empirical studies. We propose that the sufficiency condition for family involvement to produce family-oriented particularistic behavior in a firm requires the presence of both ability and willingness. We demonstrate how the omission of this sufficiency condition in commonly used theoretical models employed to explain how family involvement affects firm behavior can result in theoretical limitations and empirical indeterminacy. Finally, we discuss how considering both ability and willingness can lead to better theory, more generalizable empirical findings, and help explain heterogeneity among firms with family involvement. The presence of a controlling family and the active involvement of family members in the ownership, governance, and management of business organizations are common features of the

Using a new framework that includes entrepreneurship, professionalism and professionalism as different dimensions of subjective career space, we investigated whether different kinds of people are motivated towards entrepreneurial as compared to organizational leadership or specialized professional work-roles. Correlations from two samples of 396 and 272 undergraduates indicate personality traits have more similar relationships with both entrepreneurial and leadership than with professional work-role motivations. Specifically, while the Big Five personality traits, low risk aversion and proactive personality correlate with entrepreneurial and leadership motivations, high risk aversion correlate with the motivation for more vocationally-based, professional work. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that whether proactive personality and risk aversion add to the prediction of entrepreneurial, professional and leadership motivations beyond the Big Five depends on the Big Five measure used and sampling differences. Overall, this study fills a gap in the comparative appreciation of the role of traits in leadership and entrepreneurial emergence, which has resulted from the historic separation of both research fields, and has implications for the entrepreneurial and/or leadership development of professionals in organizations.

The authors investigate the role of market orientation in advertising spending during economic contraction. They use the 2001 economic collapse in Turkey as the empirical context in which to test hypotheses regarding why some firms increase their advertising spending in a contraction period while the majority of firms cut back. Analyzing market orientation at the level of its intelligence and responsiveness facets, they find the responsiveness facet to be positively associated with increases in advertising spending but observe the intelligence facet to be negatively associated with advertising spending. Importantly, positive shifts in advertising spending during the economic contraction predict better subsequent business performance. The opposing roles of the intelligence and responsiveness facets disappear in a subsequent economic expansion period. These findings have managerial and theoretical implications. Firms that nurture the responsiveness facet of market orientation during e...

This study explores the question of whether—and under which circumstances—family involvement helps avoid business failure. We hypothesize that it is family involvement in management, rather than ownership, which reduces the risk of failure during economic downturns; however, this effect is negatively affected by the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO). We argue that EO hinders reaching consensuses on and commitment to family-centered goals, which are focused on long-term survival. We analyze 369 manufacturing firms in Spain from 2007 to 2013, and find that family involvement in management reduces the risk of business failure, but this effect decreases as EO increases.

This article discusses some of the notable trends in family business research. The critical role of context in building usable knowledge on family enterprises is highlighted. The Asia Pacific region offers a plethora of unique opportunities to build such knowledge as illustrated by some articles in this Special Issue. Families and their enterprises are integral to all Asia Pacific countries. However, the heterogeneity of institutional development and conditions in which these enterprises must operate offer unique research opportunities for scholars to build deeper understanding of family enterprises and contribute to the global knowledge in this important field of study.

The rising number of micro-businesses has, in one way or another, created an impact on the Philippine economy. However, the sustainability of these micro-businesses seems to be in question, for they do not last long in the industry. Hence, the entrepreneurial orientation of micro-businesses was investigated, and its impact on the business's sales growth performance. Using the Resource-based View (RBV), entrepreneurial orientation was classified as a resource that is crucial in having a competitive advantage. Frequency, weighted mean, multiple regression, and analysis of variance were used to investigate variable relationships. According to these statistical approaches, there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial-oriented traits and sales growth. The study identified several implications for increasing entrepreneurial orientation in micro-business sales growth.

It is commonly believed that entrepreneurs are one of the main pillars of nation economic growth or development due to their ability to create jobs. Entrepreneur as a career choice has known since ancient time along with career as non-entrepreneur. Research on entrepreneurship is increasingly performed in last period along with the decrease in employment opportunities. This research aims to analyze the personal characteristics that influence university graduates to choose entrepreneur as their career option. Based on previous research, five factors were identified, i.e: risk taking, competitive aggressiveness, proactiveness, innovativeness, and autonomy. Data were collected from 76 respondents. Data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis, cross tabulation, confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and logistic regression to test how those factors relate to career choice as an entrepreneur. The analysis shows that only three factors significantly influenced the choice of entrepreneur as career choice, i.e. proactiveness, risk taking, and competitive aggressiveness. While the other two factorsinnovativeness and autonomywere found to be basic characteristics required for both an entrepreneur and non-entrepreneur.

In Chinese exporting, small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) need to be innovative to develop a competitive advantage. This research explored how these organizations can use two resources: 1) guanxi with customers, distributors, suppliers, and government officials; and 2) IT systems to enhance their innovation capabilities and new product performance. The moderating role of an organization's proactiveness with respect to new product development is also examined. The resource-based view provides the theoretical support for the research. A conceptual model is developed and tested using survey data gathered from 210 Chinese SMEs in manufacturing industries that were analyzed using SmartPLS 2.0. Results show that IT systems are positively related to innovation capability. The relationship between guanxi and innovation capability is significant for firms that exhibit high levels of proactiveness but not when proactiveness is low.

The rising number of micro-businesses has, in one way or another, created an impact on the Philippine economy. However, the sustainability of these micro-businesses seems to be in question, for they do not last long in the industry. Hence, the entrepreneurial orientation of micro-businesses was investigated, and its impact on the business's sales growth performance. Using the Resource-based View (RBV), entrepreneurial orientation was classified as a resource that is crucial in having a competitive advantage. Frequency, weighted mean, multiple regression, and analysis of variance were used to investigate variable relationships. According to these statistical approaches, there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial-oriented traits and sales growth. The study identified several implications for increasing entrepreneurial orientation in micro-business sales growth.

To ensure survival, seize opportunities, and resist threats in the unpredictable business scenario, companies increasingly adopt practices that enable intra-entrepreneur behavior. This behavior is characterized by the alignment of company members in search of innovative solutions for the development of the organization and building a competitive advantage. The current study reflects on the importance of intra-entrepreneurship and innovation for the competitiveness of the organization. This article discusses the development of intra-entrepreneurship, its characteristics, the factors that precede it, and also reflects on the relationship between intra-entrepreneurship, innovation, and competitiveness of organizations. The methodological approach consisted of a systematic descriptive-discursive review of the academic literature with research in databases (CAPES Journal Portal, EBSCO HOST, and Web of Science). The keywords used were: corporate entrepreneurship, intra-entrepreneurship, i...

Technological capability (TC) is widely regarded as source of growth and wealth for the nations and the firms (Manopoloulos et al, 2009). Researches on the role of technology on economic development have emphasized two main issues. Firstly, they paid attention to the emerging market countries adapting the imported technologies have become a decisive factor in their ability to catch up. These studies emphasized on the industry and country phenomena, where the firm-level phenomena have not much emphasized (Caniels and Romijn, 2003; and Archibugi and Coco, 2004). Secondly, researches on the relationship between TC of the emerging market countries small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their export performance are required to generate better understanding (Figueiredo, 2002; and Guifu and Hongjia, 2009). Thailand is ranked 6th developing country exporter by The World Bank. 99% of the enterprises in Thailand are SMEs (OSMEP 2010). They are dominant players in some of Thailand’s maj...

This study is aimed to assess the effect of both employability and personal resources, in terms of pro-activity and self-efficacy, on the relationship between job insecurity and psycho-social distress. Using survey data from 211 participants, among employed, unemployed and workers in transition, we analyzed the incidence of employability, pro-activity and self-efficacy on psycho-social distress. Our results showed that the above-mentioned variables significantly differed by participants’ gender and age. The structural theoretical model proposed to assess the significance of the hypothesized paths exhibited good fit with the data. Thus, all our hypotheses were supported. Findings are in line with previous research, and practical implications may give significant effects when applied in new labor policies undertaken by local governments.

Corporate entrepreneurship is new modern management concept in which essence is management with changing environment and constant innovation. Application of the concept of corporative entrepreneurship enables enterprises successful market appearance and achieving competitive advantage. This concept is focused on preparation of enterprises for achievement of innovative capability in different forms. In the applied part of this paper will be performed standard statistical tests such as ANOVA, frequency analysis, will be tested reliability of the questions (variables) in the questionnaire. Basic contribution in this paper is about expansion of the literature in this area and measurement of the intensity of investment as an indicator for the presence of corporative entrepreneurship and increase in the competitive advantage. On the basis of the results will be proposed directions for overcoming of the known state and improving of the working quality of the enterprises through the corpora...