Thanks to its autonomy, the Academy is able to provide a neutral platform for discussion about controversial environmental and energy issues. This work is primarily managed by the Academy’s Environment and Energy Committee. The Academy also conducts environmental research at the Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics and via Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, an interdisciplinary research programme that investigates the links between global environmental and societal change and human development and health. The Academy has published Ambio, a journal on the environment and society, since 1972. Additionally, many environmental issues are covered by international organisations for inter-academy cooperation, of which the Academy of Sciences is an active member.