Zeus

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  Originally an Indo-European deity (Greek Zeus = Illyrian Deipaturus, = Latin Jupiter)
• Venerated in Mycenaean times (Linear-B: Po-se-da-o) but still identified with Poseidon
• According to Homer, the "father of gods and men" resides on the mountain Olympus; his wife Hera is the mother of Ares, Hebe, and Hephaestus; Zeus, however, also has children from many other goddesses (e.g., Athena is a daughter of Metis) and from mortal women (e.g., Alcmene's son Heracles)
• Main Greek sanctuaries: Olympia (where the Olympic Games took place) and Dodona (an oracle)
• His attributes: the eagle and the thunderbolt
• Various names: Zeus Chrysaoreus ("of the golden sword"), Zeus Eleutherius, ("Zeus the Liberator"), Zeus Kyrios, Zeus Olympius, Zeus Polieus, Zeus Stratios, Zeus Xenios
• Identified with all kinds of foreign deities, like the Babylonian Marduk, the eastern Ba'al Šamem, the Etruscan Tina, the Libyan Ammon, the Persian Ahuramazda
• The philosopher Cleanthes hailed Zeus as the "first cause who ruled everything through the laws of nature".

Artemisium, Statue of Zeus	Dodona, Figurine of Zeus Keraunos	Corinth, Archaic figurine of Zeus	Kition, Zeus Keraunos
Jülich, Jupiter	Coin with Phidias' statue of Jupiter in Olympia	Zeus on a coin of Alexander the Great	Tongeren, Jupiter Column, Jupiter killing a giant
Pydna, Casket decoration, Zeus	Pergamon Altar, Zeus	Olympia, Figurine of Zeus and Ganymede	Zeus and Ganymedes
Enkomi, the "Zeus krater"	Nijmegen, Oil lamp, Jupiter and his eagle	Didyma, Head of Zeus	Troy VIII, Head of Zeus
Carnuntum, Statue of a Roman commander with a picture of Jupiter Heliopolitanus on his armor	Palmyra, Jupiter Heliopolitanus	Nemrud Daği, Western terrace, Zeus	Nemrud Daği, Western terrace, Zeus
Woerden, Mask of Jupiter-Ammon	Soli, Head of Zeus-Ammon	Rome, Via Flaminia, Aufidius Altar, Jupiter Ammon	Lechenich, Head of Jupiter Ammon

Jupiter

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  When the Romans adopted Greek mythology, they identified their Jupiter with the Greek Zeus. The Capitoline Triad, the main focus of Rome's state cult, consisted of Jupiter, Minerva (Athena) and Juno (Hera).
• Various names: Jupiter Capitolinus, Jupiter Feretrius, Jupiter Stator, Jupiter Tonans
• Identified with various other foreign deities, like the Jupiter Dolichenus and Elagabal
• In Late Antiquity, Jupiter and Hercules were worshipped as the protectors of the Tetrarchs