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    Film Faults and Factors Affecting The Radiographic Image

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    bathinsreenivas
    The document discusses factors that affect radiographic image quality, including contrast, image geometry, and characteristics of the X-ray beam. It describes how tissue thickness and density, film type, and processing can impact contrast. Proper positioning of the film, focal spot size, and distances between components are important for image geometry. Common film faults like overexposure, inadequate contrast, blurriness, marks, and incorrect positioning are also reviewed.

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    Film Faults and Factors Affecting The Radiographic Image

    Uploaded by

    bathinsreenivas
    233 views28 pages
    The document discusses factors that affect radiographic image quality, including contrast, image geometry, and characteristics of the X-ray beam. It describes how tissue thickness and density, film type, and processing can impact contrast. Proper positioning of the film, focal spot size, and distances between components are important for image geometry. Common film faults like overexposure, inadequate contrast, blurriness, marks, and incorrect positioning are also reviewed.

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    and Factors Affecting

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    Film Faults and Factors Affecting the Radiographic Image

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    The document discusses factors that affect radiographic image quality, including contrast, image geometry, and characteristics of the X-ray beam. It describes how tissue thickness and density, film type, and processing can impact contrast. Proper positioning of the film, focal spot size, and distances between components are important for image geometry. Common film faults like overexposure, inadequate contrast, blurriness, marks, and incorrect positioning are also reviewed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    233 views28 pages

    Film Faults and Factors Affecting The Radiographic Image

    Uploaded by

    bathinsreenivas
    The document discusses factors that affect radiographic image quality, including contrast, image geometry, and characteristics of the X-ray beam. It describes how tissue thickness and density, film type, and processing can impact contrast. Proper positioning of the film, focal spot size, and distances between components are important for image geometry. Common film faults like overexposure, inadequate contrast, blurriness, marks, and incorrect positioning are also reviewed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    .

    Factors affecting the radiographic


    image and film faults

    Image quality
    I. Contrast
    II. Image geometry III. Characteristics of the X-ray beam

    I. Contrast

    Subject contrast
    Film contrast Fog and scatter

    Subject contrast

    Differences in tissue thickness


    Differences in tissue density kV or penetrating power of the radiation beam

    Film contrast

    The characteristic curve of the film Optical density Type of film- direct or indirect action

    Processing

    Fog and scatter


    Fogged film
    Scatter radiation from within the patients tissues

    Perception of the radiographic image

    Partial images-we all see the same partial images but we dont necessarily perceive the same object
    Contrast Context

    Effect of partial image

    The effect of contrast

    The effect of context

    Image geometry

    Positioning of the film, object and x-ray beam


    Focal spot size and principle of line focus

    Focal spot-object distance (FSOD), objectto film-distance (OFD)

    Ideal image geometry requirements

    Focal spot size, heat distribution and image sharpness

    Focal spot 1mm


    Heat needs to be distributed over as large as possible area

    Principle of line focus

    Focal spot-to filmdistance(FSFD)

    FSFD

    Increasing the distance between the focal spot and the object results in an image with increased sharpness and less magnification of the object

    Object-to film- distance (OFD)

    Decreasing the distance between the


    object and the film increases the sharpness and result in less magnification of the object

    Image shape distortion

    Contd

    Practical factors influencing image quality

    The X-ray equipment The image receptor/screen combination Processing The patient The operator and radiographic technique

    Typical film faults


    I.

    Film too dark


    Overexposure Overdevelopment Fogging Thin patients tissues

    Films with inadequate contrast

    Processing errors

    Exposure errors

    Image unsharp and blurred

    Movement of the patient during the exposure Excessive bending of the film during the exposure

    Poor film/screen contact within the cassette

    Film marked

    Film packet bent by the operator Careless handling of the film in the darkroom : Finger prints Finger nails Bending Static electricity

    Operator positioning faults

    1.Incorrect placement of the film packet Back to front, image of the lead foil evident ( film also too pale) Inadvertently used twice, double exposure (films also too dark) Not covering the area of interest

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