Telecommunication Architectures and Standard
Telecommunication Architectures and Standard
Telecommunication Architectures and Standard
Agenda
Network architectures & standards Standard-making organizations Pros and cons of standards Open System Interconnection Model (OSI) TCP/IP Manufacturer architecture Pros and cons of architecture
Network Architectures
Design principles for
Functions Data format Procedures
Describe what
Communication Standards
Rules for compatibility Specify how
Standards-Making Organizations
International Telecommunications UnionTelecommunication Standardization Section (ITUT) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Electrical Industries Association (EIA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
Standards
V.
Connection of digital equipment to telephone analog line
X.
Connection of digital equipment to telephone digital line X.400
Allow communication between incompatible electronic mail systems
X.500
Create and maintain a directory of e-mail users and their network addresses
Cons
Slow processing Obsolescence Freezing technology Discouraging innovation
Application Layer
Determine data to be send at originating end Process data at receiving end
Presentation Layer
Change data format Compression/expansion Encryption/decryption
TCP/IP Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Advanced Research Project Agency ARPANET
TCP/IP Structure
Application layer
User application
Physical
Physical & electrical interface
Manufacturers Architecture
Objectives
Base for future products Control customers
Types
IBM: Systems Network Architecture (SNA) Digital Equipment Corporation: Digital Network Architecture (DNA)
Cons
Complex Rules Cost of sophisticated intelligence Complex software
Points to Remember
Network architectures & standards Standard-making organizations Pros and cons of standards Open System Interconnection Model (OSI) TCP/IP Manufacturer architecture Pros and cons of architecture
Discussion
What are your thoughts on selecting network equipment for an organization?