SCADA SYSTEMS IN TNEB

S.NATARAJAN AEE/SCADA/MADURAI aeescadamdu@tnebnet.org

23.12.2013

 Introduction to SCADA SCADA in TNEB ULDC SCADA DCC Visit R-APDRP DCC SCADA

SESSION TOPICS

WHAT IS SCADA
SCADA is the acronym stands for SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION A system which facilitates acquiring real time information from a remote station there by aiding the operator to monitor and control the remote system. Control and data acquisition can be from a single point or from multiple points

First generation SCADA systems used Mainframe computers. Limited to a stand alone version. between 1950-70s

EVOLUTION OF SCADA
Networked SCADA.It is the present day Technology used by most of the Utilities Uses IP supported protocols over WAN Fast and reliable The Next generation will be of using webservers and other modern web tools. Will be using more IT friendly tools

Distributed SCADA:(1970s to Late 1980s).Used in LAN Environment. Information between various units in the same environment shared on real time. Most of the systems were using proprietary protocols

WHERE DO WE USE SCADA

POWER sector Manufacturing units with ICS Police Department Oil & Gas Utilities Building management systems (BMS) Aviation

11/230KV

POWER SYSTEM NETWORK DIAGRAM

230 KV 230/110/33 KV 33/11KV

11/440 V

50MW GENERATION 500 MW TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION

PLC/DCS/ICS

SCADA EMS

SCADA DMS

SCADA IN POWER SYSTEMS

TRANSMISSION SCADA/EMS

DISTRIBUTION SCADA/DMS

TRANSMISSION SCADA / ULDC SCADA IN TNEB

Phase 1 with ND110 computers at Chennai MLDC during 1987 and 5 RTUs were reporting that time

UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH Scheme is the present day system with GE Harris XA21 SCADA system commissioned during 2001

TNEB TRANSMISSION SCADA

Enhanced with 13 RTUs at 1991 (Phase 2)

Phase 3 LDCs at Chennai Madurai and Erode were revamped with Digital Alpha Servers.All these systems were connected to RSCC Bangalore during Phase 3

ULDC HIERARCHY IN SOUTHERN REGION

SRLDC BANGALORE
BANGALORE

PONDYCHERY

KARNATAKA
HUBLI

DAVANGARE

TAMILNADU
MADURAI ERODE CHENNAI

KALAMACHERY

KERALA
KANNUR

TIRUVENDRAM HYDERABAD

WARANGAL

ANDHRA

KADAPPAH

VIJAYAWADA

COMPONENTS OF SCADA
SCADA Master control system Communication media RTUs

RTUs in TRANSMISSION SCADA

GE ENERGY D20 & D25 ABB SPIDER RTU 200/211 DONGFANG 1331 SYNERGY HUSKY 6049-E70 YOKOGAWA DCS GE fanuc PLC 90-30

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)

A Ruggedized IED designed to collect, process and send field data to the Scada Master at a different geographical location . RTU - A stand alone data acquisition and control system also executes the controls from the central system as well. RTU have a specific RTOS that does scanning, Processing and storing the inputs, as well as monitoring the communications ports. It reports to master when polled and responds with available data. The RTU will operate scanning its inputs, normally at a fairly fast rate. It may do some processing such as change of state processing, time stamping of changes, and storage of the data awaiting polling from the SCADA master It has the capacity of sending change of state events by sending Exception by polling messages Separate Driver for the communication to the SCADA Master. Configuration tool to program the RTU. System Diagnostics/ File transfer facilities are inherent feature Supports multiple protocols

TYPICAL RTU ARCHITECTURE

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT

Internal BUS arrangement

CPU

AI Module

DI Module

DO Module

AI
MFT1 MFT2 MFT n

AI
Voltage Transducer Current Transducer OLTC Transducer

CMR
BKR/ISO STATUS SPG PROT. TRIP TRF ALARM / TRIP SIGNALS

HDR
BREAKER ON/OFF TAP RAISE / LOW ISOLATORS OPEN/CLOSE

MFT SCHEME
Modbus RS 485 Output To RTUs MCU Aux. 48V DC

PT supply

CT supply

ANALOG VALUES OBTAINING FROM MFT

Individual P-G Voltages for all 3 phases Individual P-P Voltages for all 3 phases Individual Phase Currents Active Power (MW) Reactive Power (Mvar) Apparent power (S) Powerfactor Frequency (HZ) Energy Exp/Imp

RTU CONTROL SCHEME

HDR 48V Used for Breaker Close / Trip operations OLTC Tap position Raise /Lower Motorised isolators operation Control Output module of RTU Station DC +ve To the Breaker, Isolator / OLTC

DIGITAL INPUT SCHEME

DI module uses RTU DC across contacts

CMR

Breaker ON / OFF Spring charge Local/Remote switch position Protection trip(SOE) Transformer WT/Buch./OT Alarms Transformer PRV/Buch./CF /WTT trip Indications

+ve from status point of the device Station DC -ve

OFC

EXISTING ARCHITECTURE OF ULDC SCADA

MLDC CHENNAI
PLCC LEASED LINE

RTU 2 RTU n

SLDC MADUARAI
PLCC /OFC CELLULLAR TECHNOLOGY / VSAT LEASED LINE

RTU 1 RTU 2 RTU n

FEP

SLDC ERODE
OFC PLCC LEASED LINE

RTU 1 RTU 2 RTU n

FEP

GE HarrisXA21 SCADA

RTU 1

FEP

GPS
FIELD I/OS thro MFT/CMR /HDR
MODEM MODEM
ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

RTU

D/A

PLCC PANEL

PLCC PANEL

A/D

BINARY OUTPUT FRM RTU

FIELD I/OS thro MFT/CMR /HDR

RTU

MUX

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

MUX

FEP or CFE

SCADA MASTER CONSISTS OF APPLICATION SERVERS & WORKSTATIONS

FIELD I/OS thro MFT/CMR /HDR

RTU

3rd Party Communications VSAT/MLLN/GPRS

INTEROPERABILITY

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

SCADA MASTER

Protocol is a defined set of rules formed to have communication between intelligent devices. It governs how message containing data and control information are to be knitted at source for their transmission across the network and then unwind when they reach their destination Interoperability is the ability of an IED to communicate exchange information with other vendors IED on a common platform (protocol) without any additional hardware/software

PROTOCOLS & INTEROPERABILITY

Protocol converters does the function of a translator aiding 2 systems operating on different protocols to communicate & exchange information

 Control Centre is a place where all the relevant real time data pertaining to geographically scattered elements of a network are available SCADA systems are used to monitor and control remote generation, transmission and distribution stations Acquire: Frequency, Volts, Amps, Kw, Kvars,PF etc on an electric system Organize and store data for retrieval. Portrays information in a logical and organized fashion like Alarms, Events, System maps, line diagrams, etc. Analyze: Trending, Load Forecasting/shedding Disturbance Capture Control: Activate switches, breakers, Tap raise low.

FUNCTIONS OF A MASTER STATION

KEY FUNCTIONALITIES OF XA21

Real time Data Acquisition Preparing Trend charts Disturbance Data collection Continuous recording Database Event summary preparation

Alarms are displayed when the set limits for an analog values are violated Maintaining data history for later analysis

 RTU Data acquisition Supervisory control Data exchange

SCADA FUNCTIONALITIES

Data processing (Alarms,SOE,calculations) Disturbance Data Collection Historical Information Storage & Retrieval

 SIMILAR DAY FORECAST

POWER NETWORK ANALYSIS INTER STATE TRANSACTION

EMS MODULES

AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL(AGC) ECONOMIC LOAD DESPATCH UNIT COMMITMENT

 SCADA Servers (1+1) : GE Harris XA-21 System in EMS Servers (1+1) ISR Servers (1+1) FEP (1+1) OS Data Base Protocol : IBM : IBM IBM 6000 RISC M/C

EXISTING SETUP @ MLDC

: Motorola (128 Ports) :IEC-60870-5-101 / RP570 : UNIX : Sybase

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Presently a total of 150 RTUs are reporting to TNEB ULDC SCADA

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BKR ON status

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NEW ULDC SCADA ARCHITECTURE

OFC NETWORK

DCPC 1

RTU n

RTU 1 RTU 2

ERODE SLDC with Remote Console

MADURAI BCC (ALSTOM SCADA MASTER)

DCPC 2
OFC NETWORK

DCPC n

RTU n

RTU 1 RTU 2

RTU n

RTU 1 RTU 2

DCPC
DATA CONCENTRATOR cum

PROTOCOL CONVERTER

ROLE OF DCPC IN THE NEW SCHEME

DATA CONCENTRATOR cum PROTOCOL CONVERTER (DCPC)

TERMINAL SERVER PLCC

SWITCH

VSAT

OFC

IEC 101 RTU

RP570 RTU

DNP RTU

IEC 104 RTU

LOW SPEED SERIAL RTUs

IP NETWORK RTUs

3G IEC 104 RTU

LL

DISTRIBUTION SCADA

 Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme Central govt. launched R-APDRP in July 2008 to extend reforms in distribution sector

Distribution sector reforms programmes were introduced during 20012002 in X th five year plan by GOI as APDRP. This programme is being funded by central Power ministry with M/s PFC as Nodal Agency. Total fund allocation for this scheme is 50000 crores for all over India R-APDRP schemes divided as PART A and PART-B The main objective of R-APDRP implementation is to bring down AT&C losses to 15% and (achieving 1.5% reduction in every year ) and improved customer satisfaction

R-APDRP

R-APDRP OBJECTIVES
Reduction of outages & interruption Increase consumer satisfaction & Revenue

Establishing baseline data

Reduction of AT&C losses

accountability

Fixation of

Commercial viability

PART A

Consumer Indexing, Asset Mapping GIS Mapping of the entire distribution network Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) on DT & Feeders Automatic Data Logging for all Distribution Transformers and Feeders Feeder Segregation / Ring Fencing

Establishment of IT enabled customer service centres

SCADA/DMS in big towns

SCHEMES BEING IMPLEMENTED BY IT WING

Baseline Data Acquisition (AMR) Management Information System Energy Accounting and Auditing GIS based Consumer Indexing and Asset Mapping GIS based integrated Network Analysis

Customer Care Centre

Connection and Disconnection system

Revamping of 11 kV substations and transformers Re-conductoring of lines at 11 kV level & below

RAPDRP- PART B

Replacement of electromagnetic meters with tamper proof electronic meters Load Bifurcation, Load Balancing HVDS (11kV) Installation of capacitor banks & mobile service centres Aerial Bunched Conductors in populated areas Network Strengthening at 33kV or 66kV levels

STATUS OF AT&C and T&D LOSSES IN TNEB T&D LOSS IN 2007-08 - 18% AT&C LOSS IN 2007-08 - 19.17%

COMMERCIAL LOSSES
1.Meter Defect, Poor meter accuracy etc., 2.Human error in assessment 3. Theft-Tampering the meters 4.Inferior quality materials 5.Discrepancies in Energy Bill Collection. Errors in Billing

TECHNICAL LOSSES
1.Transformer Loss 2.Line Loss 3.Unbalanced Loading 4.Low HT/LT ratio 5.Improper Earthing at Consumer End

SCADA/DMS Project

RAPDRP ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

Other modules in RAPDRP
Population 10000 110 such towns identified

SCADA DMS eligible towns

Chennai

Population 4 lakhs Annual Consumption 350 MU 7 towns identified

Madurai Trichy Tirunelveli Coimbatore Tiruppur

Proposal cost 139 crores

Salem

 Unbundling of SEBs into Utilities changed the business environment Utilities are forced to run Business profitably A part of the system is automated.

WHY DO WE NEED SCADA

DA is a tool using SCADA as a backbone to form an IT infrastructure required for Distribution systems How much amount of automation to be introduced in the systems will be decided by the Utilities.

Wall Display Screen

DCC Configuration in each CITY

Development Server Scada Server Data (ISR) Server NMS/DMS Server Printer Plotter Work Stations Engg. Stations

Wall Display Server

Printer Sharer

LAN-1

LAN-2 GPS Logger Storage Device Operator Stations Web Server LAN-1

R R R R R R R

R R R

LAN-2 Fire Wall Web Exchange Fire Wall (DMZ) to 4 VDUs

FEPs (1+1) Internet

IT Server

ICCP to ICCP to Madurai DRC Madurai IT-DRC

Communication Server (1+1)

RTU + LDMS

Communication Diagram at each City

FRTUs
RMU # 1

Sub Station #1

256 Kbps-MLLN
RMU # 2

Sub Station # 2 Sub Station #3

Server at DCC

GPRS/ CDMA

RMU # N

Sectionalizer

2 Mbps MPLS

2 Mbps MPLS
MLLN 256 Kbps R-VDU

Sub Station # 4
DRC MDR DR-IT ULDC MDR

Copper
VDU

Sub Station # n

DCPS to FRTU A and B

RTU/FRTU Schematic Sub Station

DCPS

FRTU-A

RMU

RTU

FEP Server DCC

256 Kbps MLLN

Communication Servers at DCC

D/I 2X32

A/I 1X96

D/O 1X16

2 Mbps MPLS
LDMS
D/I 8X32 A/I 5X96 P/I 4X32 D/O 3X32 A/O 1X8 Misc. A/I 1X16 Sectionalizer DRC MDR DR-IT MDR ULDC Server FRTU-B/C

D/I 1X16

A/I 1X96

D/O 1X16

SCADA DR Centre Configuration at Madurai

Data Repository Server Printer Work Stations

LAN-1

LAN-2

Logger Storage Device LAN-1

LAN-2

DR Communication Server (1+1)

DCC with DMS/SCADA

STAGES IN DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION

SUBSTATIONS (PRIMARY NETWORK)

RTUs to collect data from SS equipment LOCAL SCADA

FEEDERS with FRTUs (SECONDARY 11 KV NETWORK )

RMU SECTIONALISERS FPI

Sl. No. 1 3

Details 110 kV Sub Stations

Abstract of Existing and Proposed Nodes of all the Project Areas Cities
RTU/ FRTU Type Chennai E P Coimbatore 18 1 0 E P 5 1 0 25 6 Madurai E 9 7 16 0 0 0 0 0 P 2 2 0 20 4 92 RTU-A RTU-B 62 78 142 2 10 31 41 0 E 6 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 Trichy P 1 3 0 15 4 Tirupur Tirunelveli E 9 4 13 0 0 0 0 0 P 1 1 0 15 2 E 3 5 0 8 0 0 0 0 11 P 0 3 0 3 E 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0

Salem

Total E P

P 0 0 0 0

2 33 kV Sub Stations RTU-B 11 kV Switching Stations. RTU Total

113 100 215 2

19 41 60 0

4 5 Way RMUs 5 3 Way RMUs

FRTU-A FRTU-B FRTU-C

1158 1693 0 0 0

183

19 0 0 0 0

396 75

6 Sectionalizers FRTU Total

1158 1814 2972

121

367 838 838

187 296 575 575

122 241 382 382

19

210 119 369 369

40

18 84

104 206 206

158 100 275

17

1158 2275 0 0 836

275

275 1158 4459

1348

Total No. of Nodes

5617

5892

City

Ellis Nagar Theppam Pudur Kovil Anaiyur

Sub-station Name

RTU @ MADUARI /TRICHY/TIRUNELVELI

City Sub-station Name Thiyagarajanagar Reddiarpatti Palayapettai Thalaiyuthu Kokkirakulam City

Avaniapuram Vandiyur MG Nagar Villapuram

Tirunelveli Exhibition Ground Melapalayam Palayamkottai

Madurai Anna Bus stand Arasaradi

Subramaniyapuram Mahalipatty Arapalayam Industrial Estate Anuppanady Samayanallur Thiruppalai Pasumalai

New bus stand (P) Udayarpatti (P)

Trichy Court Campus E.B Road Thuvakudi

Sub-station Name Srirangam Ambikapuram K.Sathanoor Trichy 110 kv ss Thennur

Samathanapuram (P)

Thiruverumbur Mannarpuram

Kambarasampettai

TOTAL : 41 stations

 Ring Main Units Sectionalisers

AUTOMATION COMPONENTS IN SECONDARY NETWORK

Auto Reclosures

Fault passage indicators

 RMU is a switchgear used in secondary distribution networks to provide uninterrupted supply to critical loads.

In The conventional secondary distribution feeders Distribution Distribution transformers are then connected to the system by T-offs. Instead of specifying and selecting individual components required for a T-off, the required components are frequently available in an integrated package known as a ring-main unit. RMUs are available in various combinations such as Switch-fuse combination Simple switches in combination Switch breaker combination

RING MAIN UNIT

A SIMPLE 3 WAY RMU CONFIGURATION

 It does the similar functions of the RTU.

FEEDER RTU

Used in conjunction with the secondary 11 KV feeder network elements like RMU & sectionalizers The No. of I/O modules will be less in the FRTUs compared to RTUs

FRTU

 AR is a self contained device with the necessary intelligence to sense the Over currents from time to time & interrupt fault current and reenergise by auto reclousure action If the fault is permanent then AR locks down permanently after a pre-set no.of operations TNEB doesnt use AR

AUTO RECLOSERES

 These are the used to isolate the faulty section switches available in the secondary network.

Used in conjunction with auto reclosures/RMUs

SECTIONALISERS

The sectionalisers sense the current above the preset and goes in to the counting mode .

Once the line is De- energised due to a fault or operation of a AR it can be set to open after a pre-set no.of counts are reached

 FPI s are designed to aid fault location on Distribution networks by detecting fault currents and appropriately generate visual indication and communicate

FAULT PASSAGE INDICATORS

When a fault is detected in the system the indicator operates alarm contacts for the remote indication and a internal LED to give a visual indication

DISTRIBUTION CONTROL CENTRE

SERVER ROOM

SERVERS AND ITS FUNCTIONS

FEP Server SCADA Server ISR Server COMMUNICATIONS Server NMS Server DIRECTORY Server DEVELOPMENT server WEB Server DTS Server
Each server performs a defined function and the SCADA /DMS platform is built in such a way to use the data available in the independent servers to perform SCADA & DMS functionalities effectively

 Field RTUs will physically get connected to the SCADA system through FEP

FEP / CFE SERVER

FEP server acts as an interface between main SCADA system running on high speed and Field RTUs running on slow speed

It is a pre processing device of the input data than the main processor. Does functions like Telemeter control, Data collection, End to end management and reporting.

 Data from SCADA server will be stored in ISR for online backup Historical Information SOE data Alarm message log Event logs Storage of files

Real time database snapshot, storage and playback

ISR SERVER

 This is the real-time DATA server Where all the data from the field will be stored and displayed Validates data for reasonability and communication failures Performs checks on process variable limits and executes user-defined calculations Determines the quality and integrity of acquired data based on limits, normal/abnormal states, etc. Generates alarms for abnormal data conditions Provides remote supervisory control capability

SCADA SERVER

 The redundant ICCP(Inter control centre communication server) servers used to retrieve, transmit and process data to and from remote sources i.e. remote control centres.

ICCP SERVER

Handles the task of Information sharing between various Legacy control centres and Data Repository Centre and to the LDCs in the Transmission network

Data retrieve and processed from remote sources may be stored in communication servers, which then distributes the data to other servers periodically or on demand.

 Used for performance monitoring of the servers, work stations and Routers and LAN equipments present in the SCADA system

NMS SERVERS (NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM )

The system monitors the performance, availability of resources like memory/disk space and error statistics of all the servers, workstations and the networking equipments.

 An Active Directory based domain controller also can act as a DNS server that registers the names and addresses of computers in the domain and then provides the network address of a member computer when queried with the computer's name.

DIRECTORY SERVERS

 These are are servers installed in the DMZ of the SCADA system.

The data will be accessed from ISR servers and not from SCADA server

i.e.) In the DMZ LAN allows external RVDU users to access SCADA data / displays

WEBSERVERS WITH IPS

Webservers will be provided with Intrusion Prevention & Detection system (IPS) Redundant firewall systems (Hardware) will also be available in the DMZ Zone.

 Does the functions like database creation / modification

DEVELOPMENT SERVER

Acts as a testbench for the integration of a new RTU testing before putting in to Real time environment

 Real Time Data Acquisition / processing /calculations GPS based time synchronization of RTUs /FRTUs Sequence of Events Recording Information Storage & Retrieval Supervisory Control

SCADA FUNCTIONS

Continuous real time recording & playback Data Exchange with IT system

DATA TYPES USED IN SCADA SYSTEMS

Real Time data collected using RTU/FRTU Data from IT systems Calculated data GIS Pseudo manual data

Quick implementation of a decision Reduces man power Operate while you view Basic requirement to run Energy Management systems Remote supervision & operation

ADVANTAGES OF USING SCADA

Data acquisition Real time data available at control point Helps in decision making Requirement to execute Supervisory control Helps in data analysis Gives you a picture of the whole system at real time Facilitates data sharing

Load Shed Application

Fault Management & System Restoration Load Flow Application

DMS MODULES

Network Connectivity Analysis Loss Minimization via Feeder Reconfiguration Load Balancing via Feeder Reconfiguration Voltage / VAR control Operation Monitor Training tool

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK MAJOR ELEMENTS

TRANSFORMERS IED CIRCUIT BREAKERS FPI ISOLATORS

LINE SEGMENTS 1/2/3 PHASE

RMUs

FEEDERS

SECTIONALISERS

CAPACITOR BANKS

FUSES

 NCA module provides the connectivity between various network elements present in the distribution network This can be operated on Real time / Study mode

NETWORK CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS

The Network Topology shall be ascertained using this module by analysing the status of the Network elements such as Breakers/Isolators/Transformers at a given point of time NCA is useful in determining Bus Connectivity (Live or Dead) / Feeder connectivity Representing the possible alternate routes (loops) Network connectivity representing S/S as node

 SE helps in assessing the present state of the Distribution Network

STATE ESTIMATION

Assess loads of all the nodes and assess all the variables such as Voltage,Current In all the buses,sections and Transformers in the Distribution network

 LFA helps to evaluate the unknown quantities of Real/Reactive power /Voltages/current at all the buses for a given network topology LFA uses Real Data / Calculated Data / Estimated data available Helps Dispatcher in taking decisions in the event of Feeder over loadings Power system Topology change like alteration in the Distribution system Transformer tap position Change / Capacitor /Reactor MVAR change

LOAD FLOW APPLICATION

 VVC function provides to maintain High quality voltage profile by controlling reactive power flow by using the resources like OLTC for Voltage control Capacitor banks for VAR control

VOLT VAR CONTROL (VVC)

 LSA helps to automate and optimise the process of selecting best combination of breakers/switches to be opened to shed desired amount of load.

LOAD SHED APPLICATION

LSA determines different combinations to meet out the required load shed

 FMSR application helps the Dispatcher to detect,Localise,isolate and restoration of the Distribution system after an occurrence of a fault.

FAULT MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEM RESTORATION

FMSR uses the SCADA control for this purpose and the Network elements such as Auto reclosures,Sectionalisers and FPIs will be useful in Localise /Isolate and restoration of the system with minimum interruption

 The information of Network Topology and availability of adjacent feeder networks can be useful in right selection of feeders with the overall aim of reducing line losses and maximum power delivery to the consumers This function helps in calculation of present losses based on the loading of all the elements present in the network. LMFR application can be used to have various scenarios for a given planned & un planned outages, Equipment operating limits while recommending the switching operations by LFA

LOSS MINIMIZATION VIA FEEDER RE-CONFIGURATION

 LBFR application is used for the optimum balance of the network segments that are over and Under loaded. LBFR ensures optimum Utilisation capacities of the Distribution Transformers and Feeders The dispatcher can have the option to simulate switching operations and visualise the effect on the network by comparisons based on the line loadings,Voltage profiles,Load restored,System restoration and no. affected of customers

LOAD BALANCING VIA FEEDER RECONFIGURATION

 LF uses information available in the historical database and Weather conditions data collected over a period of time to predict the requirement of customer loads. Long Time forecasting is used for forecasting load growths over long durations using methods like Least Square Method Kalman filter Time series method

LOAD FORECAST

Short Time Load Forecasting will be used for the assessment of average Electrical loads from 1 to 7 days ahead.