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    Learning & Behavior Reinforcement

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    reach_to_rahul
    This document discusses learning and behavior reinforcement theories. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. Most organizational behavior is learned. Learning theories include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory. Classical conditioning pairs a stimulus with a response, like Pavlov's dog experiment. Operant conditioning uses consequences to shape behavior. Social learning occurs through observation and imitation. Reinforcement strengthens behaviors and can be positive or negative. Punishment weakens behaviors while extinction withdraws reinforcement. Organizational behavior modification applies reinforcement principles to improve performance by eliminating undesirable behaviors.

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    Learning & Behavior Reinforcement

    Uploaded by

    reach_to_rahul
    28 views14 pages
    This document discusses learning and behavior reinforcement theories. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. Most organizational behavior is learned. Learning theories include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory. Classical conditioning pairs a stimulus with a response, like Pavlov's dog experiment. Operant conditioning uses consequences to shape behavior. Social learning occurs through observation and imitation. Reinforcement strengthens behaviors and can be positive or negative. Punishment weakens behaviors while extinction withdraws reinforcement. Organizational behavior modification applies reinforcement principles to improve performance by eliminating undesirable behaviors.

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    Ppt on learning

    Original Title

    Learning

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    This document discusses learning and behavior reinforcement theories. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. Most organizational behavior is learned. Learning theories include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory. Classical conditioning pairs a stimulus with a response, like Pavlov's dog experiment. Operant conditioning uses consequences to shape behavior. Social learning occurs through observation and imitation. Reinforcement strengthens behaviors and can be positive or negative. Punishment weakens behaviors while extinction withdraws reinforcement. Organizational behavior modification applies reinforcement principles to improve performance by eliminating undesirable behaviors.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views14 pages

    Learning & Behavior Reinforcement

    Uploaded by

    reach_to_rahul
    This document discusses learning and behavior reinforcement theories. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. Most organizational behavior is learned. Learning theories include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory. Classical conditioning pairs a stimulus with a response, like Pavlov's dog experiment. Operant conditioning uses consequences to shape behavior. Social learning occurs through observation and imitation. Reinforcement strengthens behaviors and can be positive or negative. Punishment weakens behaviors while extinction withdraws reinforcement. Organizational behavior modification applies reinforcement principles to improve performance by eliminating undesirable behaviors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Learning

    &
    Behavior Reinforcement

    Learning
    Learning is a process by which new behaviors can
    be acquired.
    It is generally agreed that learning involves
    changes in behaviors, practicing new behaviors
    and establishing permanency in the change.
    Learning is a relatively permanent change in
    knowledge or observable behavior that results
    from practice or experience.
    Most organizational behavior is learned
    (remember that only 2-12% of behavior is directly
    linked to personality)

    Nature of Learning
    Reflects through Visible Changes in Behavior
    Not necessarily the improved behavior and
    may be deteriorated behavior
    Change in Behavior Must be Relatively
    Permanent. Temporary change is not Learning
    Change Must be based on Some Experience,
    Practice or Training and not on physical
    maturation
    Requires Reinforcement
    3

    Factors Affecting Learning

    Motivation and Drive


    Mental Set-up and capabilities
    Quality and Nature of Learning Material
    Practice and Reinforcements
    Environment

    Theories of Learning
    Conditioning Theory :
    Conditioning is making the ineffective stimulus so
    effective that it invokes the hidden response
    These theories are based on the premise that
    learning is establishing association between
    response and stimulus
    They are of two types
    Classical Conditioning Theory
    Operant Conditioning Theory

    Cognitive Theory
    implies that the learning depends on the meaning
    assigned to stimuli by people at their free will
    Social Learning Theory

    Classical Conditioning Theory

    It is the association of stimulus with a


    desired event resulting in a behavior
    A type of conditioning in which an individual
    responds to some stimulus that would not
    ordinarily produce such as response.
    Can be further understood by the
    experiment of Nobel Prize winner, Ivan
    Pavlov.

    Ivan Pavlov Experiment


    1. Before conditioning
    Unconditioned Stimulus (Meat) Unconditioned Response (Salivation)
    Conditioned stimulus (Bell) No Response

    2. During Conditioning
    Unconditioned Stimulus (Meat) Unconditioned Response (Salivation)
    Conditioned stimulus (Bell) Unconditioned Response (Salivation)

    3. After Conditioning
    Conditioned stimulus (Bell) Conditioned Response (Salivation)
    7

    Operant Conditioning Theory


    A type of conditioning in which desired
    voluntary behavior leads to reward or
    prevents a punishment.
    Here, the Consequences determine the
    behavior that results in learning

    Social conditioning Theory


    Learning takes place by observing and
    imitating others
    According to the theory the learning occurs in
    two steps
    A person observes how other acts and create a
    picture of the act and its consequences
    If the acquired image is positive he tend to act in
    same manner and if consequences are negative,
    he tend to avoid such actions

    Learning Through Reinforcement


    Reinforcement can be defined as anything
    that increases the strength of response
    through repetition of the behavior that
    preceded the response.
    Reinforcement is used to enhance desirable
    behavior, punishment and extinction are
    employed to minimize undesirable behavior
    Reinforcement strengthens the behavioral
    response and increases the probability of that
    response
    10

    Type of Reinforcement
    Positive Reinforcement
    Strengthens and increases behavior by the
    presentation of desirable consequence
    For positive reinforcement to be effective
    Reward should match with the needs of the employees
    The greater the degree of performance, the greater
    should be reward
    Reward should be given immediately after the desired
    behavior

    Negative Reinforcement
    Strengthens and increase behavior by the
    termination or withdrawal of undesirable
    consequence
    11

    Type of Reinforcement
    Punishment
    Sometimes confused with negative reinforcement
    Punishment weakens and decreases the behavior
    that is being punished

    Extinction
    Withdrawal of a positive reinforcement to weaken
    a behavior which was desirable at some point in
    time but no is longer desirable

    12

    Organizational Behavior Modification


    Organizational behavior modification is
    modifying or eliminating undesirable behavior
    and replacing it with desirable behavior
    Required for improving organizational
    effectiveness
    Developed on Operant Conditioning theory to
    eliminate undesirable behavior with that of
    desirable to attain organizational goals.

    13

    Steps in OB Modifications
    Identification:
    Performance related critical behavior

    Measurement:
    The frequency/rate of critical behavior over time

    Analysis:
    Determine what circumstances lead to a particular
    type of behavior

    Intervention:
    Develop an effective intervention strategy to
    accelerate desired behavior and weaken/decelerate
    the undesirable behavior

    Evaluation
    14

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