(Hydatid Worm / Dog Tapeworm) : Echinococcus Granulosus

BADILLO, MIKAELA JOIE B.
1F1
MCR-PRS Lec
Echinococcus granulosus
(Hydatid worm / Dog Tapeworm)
Human echinococcosis (hydatidosis, or hydatid disease) is caused by
the larval stages of cestodes (tapeworms) of the genus Echinococcus.
Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis (CE), the form most
frequently encountered; E. multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis
(AE); E. vogeli causes polycystic echinococcosis; and E. oligarthrus is an
extremely rare cause of human echinococcosis.
Scientific Name:
Echinococcus granulosus
Common Name: Hydatid worm / Dog Tapeworm

Life Cycle / Intermediate and Definitive Host:
The lifecycle of E. granulosus involves dogs and wild carnivores as a
definitive/primary host for the adult tapeworm. Definitive hosts are where
parasites reach maturity and reproduce. Wild or domesticated ungulates,
such as sheep, serve as an intermediate host. Transitions between life stages
occur in intermediate hosts. The larval stage results in the formation of
echinococcal cysts in intermediate hosts.
Disease cause to human:

By ingesting food, water or soil contaminated with stool from infected
dogs. This might include grass, herbs, greens, or berries gathered from
fields. By petting or handling dogs infected with the Echinococcus granulosus
tapeworm. These dogs may shed the tapeworm eggs in their stool, and their
fur may be contaminated.
Echinococcal cysts are slow growing, but can cause clinical symptoms
in humans and be life-threatening. Cysts may not initially cause symptoms,
in some cases for many years. Symptoms developed depend on location of
the cyst, but most occur in the liver, lungs, or both.
Clinical Pictures:
Cystic Echinococcosis aka Hydatid Cyst is a parasitic disease the larvae
of which can grow up to 10 cm (3 inches) in diameter within a year. Cystic
Echinococcosis can live inside its host for decades and grow so large, they
contain liters of fluid. Humans get infected by Echinococcus worm after
accidental digestion of the eggs. That can happen if one eats food after
handling infected soil or feces and failing to wash their hands.
Treatment:
According to mathematical modelling, vaccination of intermediate
hosts, coupled with dosing definitive hosts with anthelminths (Anthelminthic:
are drugs that expel parasitic worms) is the most effective method for
intervening with infection rates.
Prevention and Control:

In order to prevent transmission to dogs from intermediate hosts, dogs
can be given anthelminthic vaccinations. Clean slaughter and high
surveillance of potential intermediate host during slaughter is key in
preventing the spread of this cestode (Cestoda: name given to a class of
parasitic flatworms) to its definitive host. It is vital to keep dogs and potential
intermediate host as separated as possible to avoid perpetuating infection.
Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs, and
before handling food.
Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection.
Avoid ingestion of food, water or soil contaminated with stool from
dogs. This might include grass, herbs, greens, or berries gathered from
fields.
Don't allow your dogs to wander freely or to capture and eat raw meat
from sheep, cattle, pigs, and goats.
Don't home slaughter sheep and other livestock.
If you think your pet may have eaten infected meat, consult your
veterinarian about the possible need for preventive treatments.
Methods of Diagnosis:
Diagnosis in the definitive host, the dog, is difficult by ordinary
microscopy as it cannot differentiate between Taenia and Echinococcus eggs.
Detection of antigens in feces by ELISA is currently the best available
technique. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also used to identify the
parasite from DNA isolated from eggs or feces.
Proper disposal of carcasses and offal after home slaughter is difficult
in poor and remote communities and therefore dogs readily have access to
offal from livestock, thus completing the parasite cycle of Echinococcus
granulosus and putting communities at risk of cystic echinococcosis. Boiling
livers and lungs which contain hydatid cysts for 30 minutes has been
proposed as a simple, efficient and energy- and time-saving way to kill the
infectious larvae.
REFERENCES:
No Author (2015, April 4) Echinococcus granulosus Retrieved from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinococcus_granulosus
Moro, P. (2009, March) Echinococcosis: a review Retrieved from:
http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(08)01440-9/abstract
No Author (2012, December 12) Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) FAQs Retrieved
from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/echinococcosis/gen_info/ce-faqs.html
No Author (2012, December 12) Parasites Echinococcosis Retrieved from:
http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/echinococcosis/biology.html

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BADILLO, MIKAELA JOIE B.

Common Name: Hydatid worm / Dog Tapeworm

Disease cause to human:

Prevention and Control:

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