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Low Pass

The document describes designing a first order low pass RC filter. It includes the components used, circuit diagram, theory of operation explaining how low pass filters work and the cutoff frequency equation. The procedure tests different input frequencies and records the output voltages to create a frequency response curve and determine the experimental and theoretical cutoff frequencies.

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Mamoon Barbhuyan
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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108 views2 pages

Low Pass

The document describes designing a first order low pass RC filter. It includes the components used, circuit diagram, theory of operation explaining how low pass filters work and the cutoff frequency equation. The procedure tests different input frequencies and records the output voltages to create a frequency response curve and determine the experimental and theoretical cutoff frequencies.

Uploaded by

Mamoon Barbhuyan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: RC low pass filter.

Aim: To design a passive low pass filter using RC components in 1 st order and to determine the cut off
frequency.

Apparatus/components used:

Name Specifications Quantity


Resistor
Capacitor
Function generator
Digital multimeter

Circuit diagram:

Fig -1: 1st order low pass filter

Theory:

A filter is a frequency selective device. Filters may be of several types. These include low pass,
high pass, band pass and band elimination filters. The low pass filters allow frequencies below the cut off
frequency to flow through it. It blocks or eliminates all frequency components above the cut-off
frequency. The cut-off frequency provides a limit to define the pass band and stop band for the filter.
Ideally, there should be a sharp demarcation between a pass band and stop band. But practically, the
demarcation is more gradual allowing the pass band to spill over to the stop band. To make the
demarcation sharp, multi order filters are designed.

A passive filter does not have any ability to amplify or actively process the signals flowing
through them. It means that they don’t use transistors, OPAMPs or any other active components. These
arte fabricated using only passive components like resistors, capacitors and inductors.

The cut-off frequency will be given by:


1
f c=
2 πRC

At cut-off frequency, the gain Av (V0/Vin) falls to 70.7% of its peak value.

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1


2. With the help of the function generator the input of 1V, 1000 Hz is given.
3. Now change the value of the input frequencies and note down the corresponding output
voltage with the help of a digital multimeter.
4. Calculate the gain Av (V0/Vin) in each step.
5. Plot the frequency response curve of the filter taking frequency in the X- axis and gain in the Y-
axis.

Observation table:

Input voltage, Vin:…….; value of R:…….; value of C:…….;

No.of Input frequency Output Gain Cut-off frequency, fc


observation (Hz) voltage, V0
From graph From theory

Result: Cut-off frequency (experimental):

Cut- off frequency (theoretical):

Conclusion:

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