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1 M. It 0 s t 0 v t z e f f. The Social and Economic History of Roman Empire. Oxford, 1926.

2 O. D a vie s. Homan mines in Europe. Oxford, 1935.

3 C. P 3 t S c h. Der Kampf urn den Donauraum unter Domitian und Trajan.

Wien-Leipzig, 1937.

4 1. Mar qua r d t. Ilomische SlaatsverwaItung. Leipzig, 1881, T. J-II. s B. Pic k. Die antikcn Miinzen vall Dacien und Moesien. Berlin, 1898. T. I. 6 V. Vas chi d e. lIistoire de Ia conqueto romaine de la Dacie ct des corps

d'armoe, qui y ont pris part. Paris, 1903.

7 W e her J 0 n e s. The cults of Dacia. California, 1929.

8 A. K ere n y i. Die Personennamen yon Dazien. Diss. Pannonica. Cop. 1, BLIn. 9. Budapest, 1941.

9 A. S lei n. Die Hoichsheamten yon Dnzicn, Budapest, 1944.

10 J. J u n g. Homer und Homanen in don Donaulundorn. I nnsbruck , 1877. 11 llallpl'IMep, N. lor g a. II istoire des Houmains et de Ia romanite orientale.

Bucarest, 1937; lstoria Hom anlci, JiO;1 pe:\. M. Holler, Bucurest.i, 1!J.~8.

12 Cpe;~M IIMX naafioaeo flamHbW (n3 paticr. oJlyG:II1Kollallllwx ;\0 19liU r.):

V. Par \' a n. Dacia an outline of the early civi Iizations of the carpat.ho-danubiun countries, Cambridge, 1928; Ero ;JW: Getica, Academia Homfina, Mcmorillo sectiunii istorico, cepaa III, T. Ill, Bucurost i, 11-)26; A. D. Xc n 0 po l. Istoria Homflnilor dill Dacia Traiana, Hucurost.i, 1912; C. D a i c 0 vic i u. La 1'rUIIsylvanie dans I'ulltiquite. Bucarcst, 1!115.

13 lIanGO:LCl' U3iKllhlC )1;);..(alll'lll (lie IlI;JlI0qaH nauamnuo BhlXOJlHTb ITOCJTe 1949 r.): «Dacia»; /\JSC; Dolgozatok; «Ephemeris Dacoromana: Annuario della Scuola Romena di ltoma», Hornc-c-Hucarest ; «Analelo Acadcmiei Hom ane, memoriilc seet.lunli istorire». Bururect i. BJlu.'1110rpacpIl4e('JOlH YIW,IilTl'JIL BamlleiilUl1X pa60T 110 1I('TOPL111 ,LI.ulmM, OIlYO:II1I;:OBilHJlWX ;(0 1938 1'., eM. y H. V u l p e. L'uct.ivite archeologrque en Houman ie B HTIl'Il'e «L'urchoologie en Houmanie», Bucarest., 1!l38.

6

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11;JuecrHblH: PYMhlHCIUIH: YlJeHhlH Ilrapnau 1, O;J;IllI 113 upertcraEllTe.aeM TC4CI1I1H (maHp:ar~Jf3Ma», rrpeynennvnnaa 11CTOPl1lJCC:nylO pOJJb )lUROB, naupamaer JICTOpl1'JeCIOIM npouocc, paCCMaTpl1HaH p:aKon I n. II. H. Hall: nhlCOI,OKY;lhTypHYIO uaponuocrr, C CJ1JIhHhlM rOCYAapCTBOM n npouuo C~lO/JmRml1MHCH TpaAI1UHHMH. B CROOM CTpOM:IeIIHH BI.l;\OJIHTh JJ;aIWB IT upuan npumonaer 3Ha'lOJII1C H yponem, paanurna f-IpyrHx iJ:YHaiiemfX napo.ion. OJ( C41ITaOT, lJTO 3TI1 HOC:IO;(IlMe 6hmtt .lumM, J1ttmOlIhl araasecuoro OJ\I1HCTua 11 noTOMY OI{a3aJIHCh lfeeIJOCOOHJ>lMll COIIPOTlfB.::IHTbCrr pI1MnHlIa~[, rorna RaJ, YI\C:ICnmne IIOC.::Ie OmCCTOqCllHhlX 60CB )J,amI, HC meJlaH I10A'lJIIIHThCH PHMCIWMY rOCIIOiJ,CTny, llOIUIHY.::IlI CHOIO crpany.

Cor .racuo nroii TCOJHlIl, P1IM:IlIIIC aaxnara.ra OOO:lJlJO,'J,OIHIIY 10 TeppIITopU10 11 1l03TOMY liM npnm.roci. 3UIIOBO 3aCeJIHTb co IW;IOIIHCTUMI1, a 113 crpaxa nepon nOCCJIllBffiHMlIcrr Il ropax ;(UIWMIf PIlMmIRO npenparu.ru I10BYIO TlpOIlI1HI~IIIO B HOCUlIhlU nareps.

110AqOpI>.HBaHl1e noeunoro xapaurcpa plIMCI\OrO rOCIIO;lCTBa n .n;UI>.IIU OeOOCHJIO HpIW cuaaanocs na pafiorax HPlICTOCI{Y 2 II BamMJI: 3. Il opnui; JlPHMO naaunacr ,u;arauo 3aCJlOHOM 3arru;.t;HoH pI1Mctwii Jll\WOpHI1 OT BOCTOqnOrO uapuapcrua, C1HITarr npa 3rO.:I1, 'ITO pOJIb ClIaCHTO~IH 3allUJl:HOH II;I:II.lHmi:laII;IIH coxpauunacs aa PYMhIHMOH nunort- ;(0 XX n. AllTOP naunoii TCOPUH IIO I1CXO;(I1T H3 11CTOPJ1qCCIU1X <panTon, a nO;\'!ITHHOT MX CBOeM. npO;\fl3J[TOH 6ypinya3I10- HaIII10naJIl1CTIiqeCIW:U xonuermnn.

8ry pOanII;I10HIIY'O TeOPI1l0 I1HlpOJ\O ncnO.'Ih30Ba:I n CBOl!X no.lJIfTI1'!PCI\I1X I(CJIHX oypmya3H1,d:i: nCIIrOpCnl1H: MCTOPIII\ AJlb<pi\"lhAM, ROTOPhIH crpCMHJICH noxaaart, 1I0:IHOe OTCYTCTBllO HCIWHHhlX 06MTaTO.::IC:U II PllMCIWH npomunum AaRUM, lJhe naCCJIOnlIO llOeJIymH:IO OCHOnOM. ;'l;JIH C(3):(aHlUI PYMLIHCIWH HapO;(HOCTH; on C1JlITaJI, l[~ro PJ1M.::IJIHO erne II I B. H. 3. rropecenicur nanon na npaBI.IH oepor .n;ynaH, a OCTa unreecn HaeO~ICIIHe rrorMOJIO II BOMHO C T paHHOM. Tepparopmo t~aJmII OIl HaCOJII:I.l Jl:pynl.MH n'lC~teRaMn If, H UPOTII- 1l0nOJIOHmOCTb Ilrrp Bally, CMJIbIlO 3allII311JI y po nom, pa3BMTHlI ,n;aROB. 8TU TOOpMH 6hIJIa nyxura OMY A:UI Toro, '!TOOhl npJ1R113MTb PYMhlIICI\UH uapon, nanrurr, oro APOBIIOH I1CTOPI1l1 U !(ORa3UTb, 'ITO OR ne lIMeCT I1CIWHHOro upaua aa 3aHllMaCMYIO HM TeppI1TOpMIO.

1 V. Par van. Dacia an outline of the early civilizations of the carpathodanubian countries.

2 V. C h r i s t e s c u. Istoria militara a Daciei romane. Bucuresti, 1937.

C ;J;aHHoll pafioroli MhI 031!arWMffJIHCb no perrenaaa, orry6JHu<oBaHHoii B «Dacia», T. VII-VIII, CTp. 463.

3 V. Vas chi d C. YKU3. COq.

7

To-nca apeana A:Jh<pe:lhll:11 aam.ra CROO orpaaceanc B pa60Tux lI.pyrux ucnropoxnx lICTOPI1TWU: Hcpcnu 1, Ill reiina 2 U IIp., ROTOpI.lO, 11CCJlOllY fI ;\almHCJUle Ha;rll11CYI, If eupanna hIIO I1X ronrconann 11 lIoJJU/IV! renncnnnoanuo BhTBOll.hJ, no.mccrrcrnonannrae llO)1TBOP)1I1Th :=ny npC;J,B;l}ITYTO TCOpllIO.

,IJ,"H npvroi! rpYlIllhl PYMhlJICTnlX J1CTOPIIT\oH, R «oropoa npJ1- Ha;l"ea;aT hCl'lIOTl(J:[ 3, Hopra 4, J[aiirwulI'my 5 H up.. xaparcrepen 60Jlee pca:JhJlhl.ii B3l":H1il aa pJIMCJ\oO :-laUOOnaHJ1C. OHU npnauaior II r116cJJI> OO:IbiliorO JWJB1qeCTUa JlaIWB, 01,a3aBIIIJlX OIKCCTO'leHIIOe conporuuncmre TJl1MC"I1M BoiicxaM, M YXO;l 'IaCTH lJ,UIWB 113 aanoeBaUJIOH pHMWlIIa,," npouannnn, no Ha})}lJ1.Y C ;:)TUM llPHllO;\HT noxaaare.u.crua coxpanemor 3Ha'lI'lTc.:ILHOH qaeTU i(aJmiiClwro HaCC:ICUHJI na ero l1CJWIIIIOM: TeppUTOJHIH. Hopi a C'IIITaeT, 'ITO ]laHltiiCIwe OOII(CCTBO COCTOHJIO J1:1 HPCCTbflH onaoponuoro rrnra 11 nuauuaer ;)TOT crpoir «J\PCCTLHIU;nOH i'lt'l\10Hpanleib). no MHClIHIO Hopra , y i\UIWB orcyrcrnonan CI\O:lhIW-II110Y;J.L 31Ia'BlTC:lhHhllf CJJOH: apHCTOJ;:paTHI1, M rrO;)TOMY HC Obl:IO <:11,:,1>" ('lJocoouoii OPl'aIH1- 30naTL eOnpOTI1B"eHMC Pl1MCJ\l1M :lIlHOenaTc.1HM, IWI\ :)1'0 Ohl:lO, naTlpI1MOP, B I'u.i.uur. 8Tl1M n,c OH 001>}ICIlHCT 11 OTCYTCTUHe yxaaaHIIH na po.n, naicon B npouaanuam.noii ifUr3HI1. l~ar;11 M nocno PIUIcxoro aanocnanua ocrana.nrcr., 110 ero MlICHllIO. )\peCThl1HaMI1 II no IIl'p3:111 3aMCTlIOM po;rr11 U jl,113HII UPOHI1HUIlIt. 110;J,OOlIbJii ll:lr:IJ-l;t na ;l,alaulcl\oo 0611ICCTBO, I,ax na 06ruCCTil0 paiurux 3CM.'le;r:r;eJJhIlCH, nporuuopcsar ,laHllhlM .rareparypuux 11 apXOO;lOI'H'IeCI\HX I1CTO'IH 111WB, IlOTO psie CUJI,J:OTC:lhCTUYIOT 0 r.lYoOlw 3UIlIe]lIIIcli COI(J13.'ILHOM ;l,11lfJ<pcpCHllI1aUIHI Y rtarcou I B. H. o.

HCCHOIIO;[ IWH1lCIITpnpYOT CHOO BHIIMaHlle aa nonpocax pcxaH1I331UlII uauou, OCTan:IHH B CTopOHe lJP06:ICMhl couuarn.iroro paanm un, uonucpromaer «;IOOPOHOJlhHY 10» aCCHMl1.'1HllHTO narcon PI1M,-'flllaM, ne 3aMe'IaCT C()JlpOTIlBJJOmlfl, J\OTOpOO OlW3hIBaJJO MCCTJIOe UUCeaClI110 pIJMCI\OH a;:lMHlIHCTJ>31U111 11 BIlOmlMI.IM pnM:UImum 1IOPH;1,HUM.

11 3Hl\CTJTblH: COllPNfCIlTII.ril PYMhJllCHI1H- UCTOPUH ,T(aHHOBIIqHY, nauucanmnii nnor-o IICUIIJ.IX pUOOT 110 lltTOJHlU ,rt;3H1UI, raroxe llCJJI.[ra.r HH ee60 IWJlHIH10 0YP",ya:mo-naUI10Ha:lHCT11qeCI\llX reopnii. 13 cuoeii noc.rcnncii cra n.o «AHTllTIaY'llJhIO n0311IJMll 6ypa,ya3HoH PYMhllICIWli I1CTopllorpa<pIIII OTHOtIITC':lhHO JlaHOD» 6 OIl caM OTMe'I3CT pH;J: HcnpaUIWLHhlX 1l0.'1Oi.lWIIII~i B CB01IfX npeJHHI1X pario rax , nauncanuux eiuo npn 6y p.syaauo-uosreuraasca pCmI1MC. l(aH-lw-

1 A. K ere n y i. 31Wlil. CO'!. 2 A. S t e i n. 31Raa. CO'!.

3 A. D. X en 0 p o l, Histoiro des Hornains de Ia Dacie Trajan, Paris, 1896. 4 N. J 0 r g a. 31"aa. CO'l. T. I, If.

5 C. ]) a i c 0 vic i u. 311\a3. CO'!.

6 «Studii !?i referate privind istoria Hom iniol», '!. J, Bucuresti, 1954, CTp. 159 CJI.

S

)3JllJI1Y, TaT, il.;e IWK Il upnau, JlPU;~aCT C::JHmI{OM 60JIbmOe ananenue paamr-un.nt ll::JITRHHHM na HCTOPIUO narcon, OC06CHIIO KCJJbTCIWMY, 'lTO Ill' Oil paB;I,hIlJaCTCH , I;:al\ Oll H CaM reneps 3TO npnanuer , JlCTOPH'lCCWlMll II apXCOJlOrlflICClU1MlI MaTepnU:JaMIJ. D OIlCIII;:C connarn.uo- 3HOHOMI1'lC('I\oii MCTOPHIf ,Il,umm II-IIJ BB. AaMIWllI1'HIY, naXOJVICb, JIOnMIUIMOMY, non 1l:11JIIUMCM peaHIlJ10HHOI! I\OHnCTII~mf POCTOBnona, MOiJ,epHII:lUpYCT pUCCTanOBKY 1,:Jace0I3LIX CHJI II JlaXO;c(MT TaM ABa I'PYIIHhIX rc.iacca: fiypacyasmo II npoacrapaar.

OlleHL nporunope-muu ll31'JUl;.I:hT JlCTOPllIWU lIO Ile;:JOMY Pfl;\Y BOIlPOCOll, cnuaauuux C ncropneii nar«:n. TaH, nanpuxcp, na JlPOHCXOif\;rlOIIHO narcon no-paanoay OIOTPC:lJ{ Ilrapnan, J\CeIIOIJOJI, 'J'OlJI1,'IC('HY, J{ai1IWRl1'HIY II np. Hupnan C'IlfTaJI naxon HH;1,OOBpOJleiillal\>U1 CCBOpllUrO CI\;la;-(a ),)13 If ornaua.r nx or <ppa- 1,)1 iinou, ;.IpyrI10 me rero B 11 na 1\0 U c-nrra.ur <ppaTmiicKlIMJf H.'ICMClla:llIf. Hcropnrcn paanu-mo oueu u nan n y ponem- COlll1a,ILrroro pa;mJIIH111, ;'lOCTHrTIYToro ;\al\aM11 1;0 BPC:l1CIHI pn~lCIwro :laBUCUamlJI, xa paTnop pnxcxor-o aauoenauua, CTOIlOHb POlIUHH3UHim M T. n,

Coupcaennan pyMhlHCIWfl aoropuorpadnra CiJ,OJIUJIa ;ma1IIITO.'lbRhIii urar unepen B lLlylJCl! IH1 ncropnn )l;lmlfll If HaCC.:THBillllX eo JWC),ICH. C03;WIIIIP II 1\)48 r. A],a;reMIIJ1 PYMI,mCI\OM Haponnoii peelIyo:llllm, n COCTaB I,OTOpoii llXOIUIT MnCTl1TYT RCTOpm! II <!JJI:Joco<pHlf eo CneIlllll::JhH[,IM ccuropov npcnneii 11CTOIJJllI Hero nopno)J:HlJeCIWM opraHOM «TpY:.lLII1 nccnenonanan no npenueii lICTOPUH» 1, CfJOCOOCTBOBa,10 OO'be;.I.JIIICHHIO PYMLIRCIUIX lICTOpUI\On H apXOOJlOron rr IIOMur,lO nO-IIOBO~IY nOCTunHTb R3Y'IOUlfO npenneii l1CTOPI1lf PPfLIHI1lf. IIOC';IC;.I.IIHO pU60Thl2 PY:MbIlICWIX 1ICTOPllIWB, naylJalOII~IIX .a:peBHlOIO lfCTOPJ1JO CBOOH: CTpaULI, CIH1}\eTe:ILcTuyIOT 0 TOM, 'ITO onn ycncnruo OIlJJa;.I.CllaJOT reopueii MapI-\CH3:11a-JlOHHlm;ma:

IIX HOHLITI,1f npnacunrs ;\tapJ,CIICTCIW-.:TOHI1HCRl1M MCTO)J: lICC;JC)J:Onamrn ;-(aJIlt xoporuue peaycu.rari.r. BO:U,IflOM paaxiax upXOO:Wl'IIlJeCHI'lX ncc.r cnouannfi, npononan \IIKCH A Ra;lCMJIoii PY),ILITICIWll II U ponaoii pecrryfin 11 1\11 , II03BOJH!:J nO:ly'IIITL p ll:l HOBLIX ucunst x J(OJ..:a3aTe:ILCTn BLlCOHoro paanurnn II cnoeofipaaan I;:yJIbTYPI>I ~.IeCTnr.rx IWC;\lCH Jl IWHlIO I rue. iJ,0 II. 3. II II nepnue BOHa IT. a, BllODI> OT"PhlTLIO xrarepuanr.t llOMorJ111 I1CCJlC)(OllaTe.:THM IIpaBHJILHO no;roiinl 1\ paapCrnOHI110 neHOTopLIX BaamelrmITX BOllpOCOB ;J:polllleii lfCTOPI1H PYMhIHIlll.

}!CTOpIII01 If apxoonorn PYMblHCJ\OH IIapO;J:IIOM pecnyfiaaaa HallpaB';IHIOT CllOO BTll1MUHl10 na 113Y'lCHlW RyJILTypLI r010-J(aRHiici.ux n:JCJ\ICH J1 lTX po.nn B CJIOiReHIIlI ;~aIUli1CI\OM Hapop:HOCTH, HBHBlIreifcH OCHOBIlhlM. H;IPOM B03HHI\rnoif B 60;18e noannee upesor

1 scrv, 19;)0, 1951, 1952, HJ53 , 1 Dii4.

2 «Studii si roforato ... », s. I, Bucurost i, 1954, n: MOllorpaqlllJI C. Daicoviciu.

Cetatoa dacica. de Ia Piatra Ro~ic, Bucurest i, 1\:)54.

9

PYMblHCIWU HaTUUll• ITO-HOBOMY CTalHlTCH aonpocu, CUT~aHHble C COJ~IfaJ1bHf.JMl1 OTHOnreIlllHMI1 B ,ll;all:l1l1. Hnave paCCMaTpHBaIOTClI n3anMOOTHOIllCIIl1H naxon II PI1M,IHH It pOJ1b PllMCHOM: HYJIJ'TYPJJ n ItCTOPI1I1 ,nal\l1l1 2. O,'lH3IW PCIllOHI10 MHOl'HX uamHeMIllI1X IlpO- 6310\1 JICTOPUI1 gaHIH1 Clue IIO iram.ro rr:OCTaTO'lIIOrO OTp3iTH'lH1H B pyMhlHCIWM neuarn, 11 6ypa,ya3HO-I1aIUlOua:1l1CTll'1CtJU1C JWHIlemUIH, nenpamuu.no OCllCTIlaUWUe T1CTOPI1l0 ~ahJHf, cute HC nonncprvn-cs )J;OCTaTO'lIIO cyponoii xpuruuc. Iloarony M(JiI-\HO IlPlllJOTCTBOnaTb CTaTJ>IO J~ai1lwUHtIHy «AUTllIlaY4HhlC l103111(1I1! oypa,ya311oii: PYMJ.IHCIWM I1CTOp110rpa<p1111 OTHOCltTC"bHO ;r.UI\()IJ», B KOTOPOM nO;l,BOpI'IIyThI I\pIITHHO omufiouuue rroaomeHHH Ilrapuatra, Hopra, AnilPI10COCl\Y II np., noxaaaar.r I!CT()Pll'fOCHl1e 11 ('OI1l1a;ILHbTO npH'II1I1bI nOHB:JOH IfH 6ypmya3HO-HUlI,11011a:lJlcTIl'lecHlIx fWIIUOIIIlHH n PYMLJIlCIWii IfCTOpaorpadiun HOHlI,a XJX-nepnoM IIO~IOmlHh[ XX B. ,LJ;aMl\OBl1'II1Y paCC:lIaTpIIRUCT n aroii crart,o pan y~,'lOBJ)IX !lOUPO! on IICTOPllIl naROB !1 BbTHB.'lHOT aIIH1HuYQHl,10 narrmnsr OT)J;CJlhIlblX I1CTOPI1TWB 110 BOnpOCal\I pO,'lCTBa )J;aKOB c <ppalatiiuaMII, ypouna COUl1aJ1hIIOI'O pa31HITJIIll .rarcon 1\0 Bpel\IeHII PH11Clwro 3anOCBaHHl1, pornr rpClJOcnoro , l\C:lhTClwrO II llpyntX (<B.TIIUIUIIM» na paanuruo naxou, llSal1- MOOTHOIllOIlIIH: nauon c pHMdHHaMII 11 T. J(.

Ilcpcn conpOMCIIllhlMII nCC.TIe~OHaTeJJmll1 CTOI11' 3aJl,a'la - llCOCTOPOHlIC OCBCTlITI, nCTOpl1JO pa3llIITlUI B npeuueii ~aJ\IfIf IIPOII3' BOnIITe;lbIIIJX CJllJI l[ xaparcrcp rrp0l13ROnCTBOIlHbIX OTJIOmoHllii: y naROil no pl1MCIWro aanocnauan 11 B ncpnox ('10. Ilcofixonuao BCHPLITb BCIO C.:IOmnOCTb PIIMCHOM nO;II1TJIKII Il Jl,alHfI1 nocno ee aaHoOBaUIIH PIIMOM, BbTHflH1'h COll,llU:JhlHHlTWIlOMIt'len,IIe xopmr STOM 110:lJITIII\l1, PO.TIb MeCTJIOrO IIaCe;1 cruur , xa pa icrcp II aransr oro 60pJ,6LI II POTJ1n pl1MemTX na uocnareaeii, y-rac'rae J(aHoB B TOM: HOp nOM BO:IHO «na pna PCWIX» sa nocua IIltii: , JWTopal1 3UCTanl1:1a PIIMCTWC rocy.rapcrno nporrryrs II OTCTYIJIITb.

B PYCCl\o{1 ncropaorparpaa, Ral{ nope 130JJJOI[lWIIH OM , Tal, H (',0- nOTCIWM, no 61>1:10 pafior , cnertnansno nocnameunux I1CTOPIfI1 ,n:UIUlII. B ofiuurx Tpy~ax rro HCTOIHfJI PI1MCIWii JIIMllepnl1 0 ,n:aHIII1 rOBO-

1 M. Mac r 0 a. Procesul sopararii orasului do sat la Dad. «Studii si roferate ... » 1954, CTp. 119 C.:T.; C. !:> t e f a II. Contributii arheologice la cunoastorea Dacilor din Dobrogoa de Nord: Tax ace, CTp. 29; D. Popescu. Exploatarae ~i prelucrarea metalelor in Transilvania palla la contropirca romana. SCI V, 1951, 2, CTp. "27 <'.'1.; C. ]) a i C 0 vic i u ~ i A 1. For 0 11 C z i. A~ozarile dacice din Munti i Orast.iel. Bucurcst i, 19;)1; C. D a i C 0 vic i u. Cet atca dacica de Ia Plutra {{osie, Bucurcst i, 1 \l;j;j.

2 D. Be r C i u. Lupta ba~t'ina\,i1or din Dacia impotriva contropitorilor romani. SCIV, 1!)51, "2. CTJ!. 73 C;J.; F. H 0 r 0 v i t z. Situatla precara a stapfinirii romans in Dacia, TaM mO, CTp. 97 c.r.: :1/. Cos L a r. Vamile dacici, TaM mo, CTp. 165 C.I.; D. T u d 0 r. Despre sclavaj ill Dacia inferioara, SCIV, 1950, I, CTp. 205 c.r.: C. D a i c 0 vic i u. Asezarea autohtona dola Apulum. SCI V, 1950, "2, CTp. 225 ca.; L \V ink lor. Expansiunca econornica a Homei III Dacia inaile de cotropirea d. Studii ~i referate .. , 1954, CTp. 147 CJI.

ID

PIITCH ;UlIUh B 0611UJX noprax, IIO J1HorAa aarpar-nnarorca Baif\HhIO 11 HOBbIe npo6.'18MLI. Tal" CIIJ;O no onyfinmcouaun» T. MOM:\13CnOM:

V TOM a «PI1MCIWll HCTOIHIlI», 1';1;0 paCCMaTplIlWIOTCR BCC PUMCHlW npOBI1I1UllII, uumzra pafio ra C. D. EIIIcBcIwro «QeJITP pUMClwro Mllpa 11 oro UpOflTmUHI1» 1, B w)Topoii auropoa Ohl.i 1I0CrUH:IeH 1l0IIPOC 0 cavotiuruov PU3BMTIIII AYllaHCI\l1X nponIIHIUI~[ PJ1MCIWH 11]\ll1CPIIII. Hcropuu j(amlII xparxo I\acaCTCH II. A. Mannom II u;qaHHoM liM B Hl18-1950 rr. «MCTOPHll ,npelllwro PIIMU». B pHJW crarcii, onyfiaurcouauuux «BCCTHIIIWM JI:PCBIIeii ucropun», aaTponyThI ncxoropue H;l nonpocon couna:JhIIo-3IWHoMIl1.:renwH I1crOlHIM ,TJ;aJ01M. Bonpoc 0 connam.max JI:BUmeHIIHX B )J;aJ\III1 III B. rpaicrycren II crarso ~MI1Tpcua 2. I1pOO:lCMa paficrna H POJIU Mc:moro 3CM:ICB:Ia;:(cmm B lIYllaiicl>I1x npOBIIHIlHfIX CraRIT:JaCb B CTaTblIX E. M. Hl'raepxau 3, noripoc 06 SKOHOMll'rCCI';OM paaUHTJlH gamlll aaTpOHyT M. T. Hpyr~lImoRoii 4. Xaparcrepacrnne eoCC;~HCIt c ,Il;anIl.CH nponannaa Me;lIur II. pO,1;CTnCHHbIx namrltUaM l'C1TI\lfX n:rC:"1l'H IJOCBH~eHa pafiora T. l~. 3:IaTTWRCIWll 5. Boupocu pO)'[aIIlf3aJUIH II HPIl311(',a I II B. B ,Il;amm Tpal,TYIOTCH B nrtccepramm 10. 1\. K 0- :IOCOBCIWH 6.

Hacronuras patiora HC npCTCH,'lYCT ua ncvepuunarotuce pelIIl'IIMC ncex JlP06:rCM, CBHaaUIIhlX C llCTOPlICll ~UI'lu\. IICnOTophlC 113 HHX, M3-3a IIC/\OCTaTI\a HCT()'fHMIWB, xroryr 6MTh "llillb IWl\1CQCHbI. II 0 OTCYTCTBI1C B COBeTCIWii mlTcpaTYpc CIW:IhJW-IIn6Y)l,b CBH3HorO M3:IOil\ClIlIfi I1CTOPI1U ,naIUfH, onnoii II3 6m1iI\aHmIIX I{ namea repplITOpl1H H IIIITCPCCHCWIJIIfX ITO CBOC:..ty pa31111TIIIO PIIMCI\lIX npOBlUIUIIll, 3aCTaBJIHCT auropa nOIThlTaThCH mmnmUlpOBaTh nOT CyIUOCTBeHHr.lH npofion B conercnoii acropaor-paqnur.

1 C. B. E TU 0 Bel; n ii. Ileurp pFIMCKoro ~lIIpU IT ero npOBFIIID;lIlI. COq., T. I. M., ism.

2 A. J(. ;( MITT P 0 n. IlUll:eIIIIO J(aRlIlI. H,I.(I1, 1949, ,:\'2 1.

3 E. ~I. III T U 0 P M a rt. aTl!l1'ICClmii n cou;nuilblll.lii COCTUB plIMCIwro BOMCIGl na ,UYHnc. BJ;l1, 1946, .\'2 3; co me, Pn6cTBo D aanamnrx ITPODHHUfllIX PHM('f{oii HMllepHH. Bl(l1, 1951, .\~ 2.

4 11. T. 1{ P Y r JI FI K 0 B a. 1{ Bonpocy 0 POMuHFI3aD;rm l(aRFIH. B,lJ;lI, 1947, ,)\'2 3.

6 T. ,n. :J;J a T ROB C I, U H. ~lbllH B I-I I BORax narncii opra. M., 1951. 6 IO. H. f\ 0.'10 COIl C I, a R. ,'..(UIOIII 11 Ill'P1101l: Ii:p1l31ICa ill ucica H. a., M., 1953 (asropodepar).

r;1 a n a I

j(AIHIR IlEPE,l1, PH~ICl\l1~ 3ABOEBAHllE;\1

1\0 upcucrur pllMUwro aauoouauun MCCTHOO HaCC,IOIIllO 6y;rJ:ymoii JIPOUlfHIUIlI ;~al"llI lIPOllIJIO ;rJ:O;r]l'I1M rryrr. paaunrun. Apxeo.'101'11 OOHapYil\ll:IH, lITO TeppUTopUfl ,u;almn OblJIU HCnpCphrBHO OOIIraena J1I0;lhMII, na-nruan C anoxn nU;ICO:II1Ta. ::ha TOppUTOpl111 oxnaTblBa:1U PU('II().'lOlI'CHlIhIO na ;;]Cllml oepel'Y ~YHUfI mIO)l,opO;::(HhIO panunnra 1'>0:1 hIf[OU: II Ma:IOM Barrax II II c MHorO'IHC:1 CHHbl\Ul p elWM 11, HOTOPhlC IIpopc3a:1II Bnaaxcrcne paBlIIllILI H OpOlllaJI11 no.m H ayra, 0Y:I:Y'lll U TO nee llPl':\JH JlpCI,paCIILIMII nO,1,lIhl\11I :\IaI"lICTpaJUIMI1. CCIll'pO-;IUIIU:~I1aH 'JUCTL ~lumfH, IVllf Tpancna i.uauuu , IIpC;J;CTa U,I n.ia coooii xo:ml1CTYIO UO;JaCTJ, C MUOrO'lMC;JCHIJLlMH ;rO;;UfHaMl1, OI,pymeHHY 10 ropaxnt, noropuc 113001I:roUU:1If lI.parOf\CHIlLIMH MOTa:t;JUM[J: 30;10TOl\l 11 cepctipoa, a raicaco :\IC;J,LIO, il,e.1C3IIoii PY,1,oii II CO.'ILIO.

AH'fl1 'lJfLIO IBlC aTC:1l1 lJ U;II)llla~llf F!,I1Tc;reii :-noii OOliurpIIOII repp irro pJlII pa3:J11'lIIO. J'epO::I:OT noxcniaer II T pall eIl:IbUU UlIIO aru<pl1pCOB 1 11 CIIJI'raCT If X PO;ICTHeHlfhl:lW eIW<pU:l12, OHIC'laH II TO iHe BJ>E'MH IlK CX()~ICTIlO C <ppal;:lliiCI\IIMlI ll;JeJlIl'lIa~Hl 3. (DYhn~n;J; 1'0- BOpUT 0 I'(.)UIllI'JaIl1I1X CO CRIlij_)U:llH rcrax , IIU:ILIBan nx «q)pm;:nnCI\HM II" ('~teJI(.'M», XOTH OHll 11 (ilU1CIOT O;UHW"OBOC co cluHI)a:l1l1 BUO p YiHeHIIC: BCC OHII I\OHIIhlC crperncn» 1.

TepMl'IH «nax», Rah :3THM'leCROe nOHHTl1e, IIOfIBJT110TCH B COlJHnenaax alITlI'IHbJX TIllCaT8JIoii: Ha'IMHafI C I B. AO H. :3.5, xorna

1 ll P J' 0 d. IV, 4!.J. 2 Tim a,c, IV, 10.

3 Ta~1 me, IV, 104,

4 T h u c. II, Uti, 1.

5 Ho, ~roa\CT 6b1Tb, nH.'IO CqUTaTb IlpI'IHa;pC)lWUlmnl J( ;.I,nl(Hi1(,Iw~IY nJlC~ICHI! pa6a l~aBa, ()~HOrO ua ropocn 1\O~IC:.l11Jl Menuunpa, TC~I 6o;JCC 'ITO cpc.ut ;ll'iiCTBYIOnrnx ,'IlIU KOMe,lUII InICIOT(,H .ma pafia : )laD J1 Ior (01, C. 11. CoG 0 ,r C He h 11 ii:. PaOLI n IWMe;IIIHX Apucrotpaua 1(31\ ;JlITCparyprrhlH TlIII. BJl.l1, 1954, !\~ 4, eTp. 1;-»). YI;n;K(,~1 nu JlPC~I1():lOa\eIlllc Grpaoollu 0 ro», qTO n npennu« BpeMCIIa ;\1JlWU naaranamr ;.lallMH. Ho ara MW'Jlh OCrllPT('H ruuorcaoa. Tal, l;al( ,lafl~m anru-nrrao IlIICHrCJlII naaunaror I1:leMCIJa, iRl!BIIIl1C !\ 1l0CTO"y OT Iiacnaacrcoro ~!OpH (SII'HlJ., YII, 3, 12).

12

C 3TIIMH BOUIICTBellllbIMlI aanynancrcaan II.TIeMena:.m nOIIOCpeACTBOIlHO CTO;rli.Hy;rI1Cb PUMJIlIHO. fpOqOCI\HO nacaremr 1(0 I B. AO H. 3., paCCHa3LIBaH 0 rrJIOMOHaX, IIaCeJIHBIIlI1X paiion 11 pu.rynansn, Ha3hJ13amt: reTOB, <ppaT{HHqeB, Op,PIlCOB, HO He YIID:\Uma;r11 ;:J;aIWB, J{OTOPLIO OJ,[:Ilf, IIOBI1JJ;I1MOMY, rorna CIllO H03 Ha'l.llTO;rblIbIMI1 IIJIOMeHaMU, jKIIBIIlIlMU D;::r:aJIH OT npnxopcxoii nO:IOCbl II He CBR3aHHhIMJI nenocpencrnemro C rpCI\aMI1.. Ilepaoaaxam.ao IlIICaTe:IU pa3JIII'laJIU reTOB II ;::r:aIWB. fl03p,HCC, xorna cosnanncr, rcpymrue II.TIeMOHHbIO oO'Lo;::r:l'lneHlHI, PYIWBO):V:llIIYlO pO.TIb II JWTOPb[X CTaJIll HrpaTh cuaxana rerra, 3aTOM rr:aI,H, IIIICaTeJUI naxanrr oroxceCTBJIfITh 3TH ITJIeMCHa, 0 'ICM nonporinee CRa3aIIO nnaco.

Brrepsue 0 naxax ynoxuaaor 10:m:ii Ileaaps I, noxetuaa lIX aa fOpqnHCI{HM JIeCOM, HOTOpr.III, no oro cnencnunx, «THIIOTCli napaJIJIeJIbHO C p. ,II,aIlYBIIOM AO crpausr ;,(aROB If anapro a». 1'0- panaa B CBOlIX onax n carnpax no paa DCIIOMHllaeT «CDHPOIfLIX )laJ{OB;>, «CHJIbHhlX CBOHMI1 :IOTY'lI1:\JH CTp0:IaMU», n UX BOOHHoro npeJJ;RO;,(IlTeJIfI l\oTllca 2. B TO me npexa rOpaU;T1H naaunaer n reroa, uoropue, no oro C.:lODaM, rorrta cine /RHJIll OOIlIHHHhlM CTPOCM.7. B «,II, omnm X;} AnrYCTa vrtoxmraiorcrr «).(am1.ficnl1e naexrcua. (Dacorum gentes), ROTOPhlX Oll aacramor « 1I0P;'IHIIIITbCH DJIaCTH pnMcxoro naponat 4. CTpaOOH uurner 5, 'ITO rOTCI\aH 30M.1fI )lO;rUTCfI na J\BO 'laCTll, B o;J,Hoii fl3 IWTOPhlX iI\IlDYT ;:(aI(lI, a D ;:r:pyroii rcrsr. OH orxeaaer, 'ITO AaRaMll HU3f.lBaIOT TOX, xoropuo OOIlTaIOT omlme J{ l'epMaHllll II K HCTOI\aM HCTpa. OH coofimacr narree, 'lTO narca n reTbI ronopar aa O)lHOM II TOM me fI3blIW, n npu nm1 3aMC'IaOT, 'ITO rersr rOBopHT na O)lHOM aasrrce C <ppaIUl{lfWMII 6. II"'UIIIIIH CrapIIIIIH rODOpIIT 0 .rauax, iRHBYIIlIIX na ropnux xporirax II n yIIlO~IbHX)];O p. TllCChI 7, 110 paaaux IIJIOMeHaX, 3aHHMaOIIlIIX rrpn6pemaste MOCTHOCTll, cporta JWTOpbIX 6h1JIIf «rerra, Y pllMIfHH naaunaninaecn ;~ar~aM\7l)>. Mapx Armeii JIYI,an vuoxrmtaer 0 nanax II reTax, I~an 0 pa3JIllqIIhTX asroryrraiouurx rrpor an pll~rJIHH naponax 8. 'I'anar , onacsrnaa npOTHIR.eHHOCTh 3eMe:Ih, Hace.l0HHbIX repvaaCIUlMll nnexenaaa, ynaaunaer, 'ITO OHM rnnynacr. )10 3eMo;rb naROB, 110~iern:aH noc;rO;J:HHX H paiione Tpancum.nanmr 9.

flUCaTe:IH 60:leo I103ll:lJerO npOMCHH, nonocruyrouure 0 COObITHHX I B. )10 H. 3. II I B. H. 3., ncuo.rsayu HpI! 3TOM, BepOHTHO, He )J;OIIlei1:IIllie ;'(0 nac nCT04JIlfIOf, qaCTO ynoxauaior 0 BoeIIHbIX CTOJJI\HOBeTIVmX PHMJIHH C )laI\aMH H capuaravn. Tan, .I(UOH I\aCCIIH

1 Cae s .. De bello Cnll., VT, 2;-;.

2 110 r., ad. I, 35; Til, 6; III. 8; SaL. lI, 6, 53. 3 !( 0 r., ad. ITT, 24.

4 «Hes gestae divi Auzust i», I'.'Y. :~O. H3,J.. Gage. Paris, 19:15. 6 S t r abo, VII, 3, 12 II 13.

a TaM iRO, VII, 3, 10 :II 13.

~ PI in., H. i'i., IV, 80.

B L u c., Dc) bello civili, lIT, 91; II, -'16. 9 T a c., Germaniu , I.

13

paCCIW3hlBaeT 0 aananeuaa naxos H capxaron na Me3HID II 6 rony 1, o DOHBe C .o;aI\a~Ur a 6aCTapBaMI:l D 28 r . .0;0 H. a.2 <D.'10P nuurer 0 TOM, ':ITO mI:lDyrr\lIO II ropax .o;aIUI, aaxonmuuncca llO.o; DJIaCThIO uapn 1\0TlIca, neponpa anan acr, ':Iepe3 cxouaunua ,ilbltOM AYBaR 11 rpa-. 6MJIM coccnnue 3CMJU1 3. Cneronmi cOOOU(aeT, ':ITO ABrYCT OCTaHOBMJI HaCTYl.I:leHMe .o;aROD a pa36HJI TpOX lI:alUIllCIUIX DOil\;~eii:, ':ITO OJ[ XOTO:I Dbl.o;aTh aa IIapH reTOD I-\oTI1Ca CDOIO nO'lL 11, II CAOIO O':lOPO,'.(b, II pocu.r Y I\OTI1Ca PYKY ero ;(O'JCp)1 .j. I'opannii TOil(e ynoxrunaer Iioraca 11 naaunaer oro HaKOM;; .

.HHTcpecHO, ':ITO CBe;J:OIIl1fl 0 ;:I:almX PC,'1;IW BCTpe':laIOTCfI Y r pe'Ienmx uaca renoii, rcoropsre, onaauo, xacro ynoaanaror <ppaKI1ii:- 1(011 11 reroa, DepOHrJlO, oun 'ICpna:IM CDOM cnenonan 0 lIJICMOHax ceuopnoro II aauannoro Ilpnuepnoaopsn y HaCCJ1eHIIH rpe-recxnx ropOiIOB-IW:IOHMll, I\OTOPOO BO craarornaancr. HenOCpef(CrBOJIHO C WI C:\101IaM 1I, mMBYU(HMll nnanu OT 1I0fiCPCII,LH, H 61>1:I0 ITJIOXO OClIC;J,OMJlOHO 0 BIIX. XapaI,TOpHO, ':Iro Chll1,'.(I1R Ha30H, OllHCLIDaH uaponsr, C lWTOPW;\ll1 OMY lIPllXO;:VIJIOCh I1MOTh ,n:OJIO, iI\lIDH B 1'0- Max, 1I0CrOHHHO YIIOMllIIaOT rOTOB If cupsraron, Ha3LIBaOT 11 upyr-ne rinexeua, 110 ne rouopar 0 narcax 6. Crpu60II mo lip lIMO C0061l~aOT, 'ITO rertr 6hlJlM 1I3BCCTllhl aJIJIHHaM 60:Ihme, ':IeM p;aI\l1 7. ,l1;110H KaccHii, puccxaaunan 0 noiine ~lOMlIIIl1aHa C ,n:aKaMM, npM6aHJIHeT, ':ITO OR uaau naer lI:aI\aMH TO UapO)l:LI, KOTOPbJe caun cefin rare naaunaror M I\OTOPI,TX TaH Ha3LIDUIOT pnxnnue, rorna IWI, lICIWTOpble rpciu J1MeUYlOT HX reraau. CaM iKO AlIOH l\aCCIlR anaer , ':ITO rOThI - no llPyroii BUPOA 8, norcpsrii ml1BeT aa feMoM na 60pery p. HCTpa. Kicrnn IIHll1eT, 'lTO p;alm no npOI1CXOiHi-(CHMIO 6bIJIJI reTaMil (dati quoquo suboles gclarum) 9. Auunan me CIJIlTaOT, ':ITO ,nal\aMH lIa3hlDaIOT reTOR, ilH1ll'yIJ(JfX lIO JlPyryJO cropony H crpa 10.

TIPOTHDOT)o'lHllbIO nannue aIITIIIJIIOii nnreparypnoii Tpa;(H~llH o rerax H nar.ax ue )_(aIOT D03MOIlmOCTIl lIM OTOiI,eCTDHTb aru uneMeRa, 1111 J(oeTUTO':lHO uerrto pa3rpaml':1J1Th MX; apxeO:IOrUqeCHJJO IICTO':llIlIIOl 1 aiorce, noxa, 110 I103110;IHIOT nponecr a ':IeTROH rpaun Mem)l:Y STMMM llJIeMeHaMI1. Hpn nacroamea ypOBHO naurnx 3IlUUlIH MOi:lmO YCTaHOIlI1Th rOJILRO, ':ITO BIB. ,n:o H. S. pIfMJIHHaM rrpJ1I1IJrOCb CTO:IRIIYThCH c nOlIHcTBeHlILIMJ.I i\UH:nllcmI:vm nJIeMeHa~1If, JRlIBIIIll:\1M no Cpe;(IICMY TC':IelIMID p. ~(YHafI II B paiione TpaHCM;]hDaHMH • .\1oa<HO, HpOMe Taro, C;J:eJIarb DhlROJ( 0 TOM, '11'0 reThl II l];alOI npa-

1 Cas s. D i 0., LV, 30, 4 2 TaM me, LI, 23, 2.

3 All. Flo r., Epit.. II, 28. 4 Sue t., Augustus. 21, 63. Ii H 0 r., oa..: III, 8.

6 () Y i d., Trist., J I, 196-200; 111, 9-10, 14; V, 9 1I T. )t. 7 S t r abo, v II, 3. 13.

8 Casso Dio., LXVII, 6, 2. 9 Jus t., XXXII, 3, 16.

10 A P p. Prooern., 4.

14

HaJ];JIeiI\aJHI K cexr.e IJlpaIUIHCRHX IIapO;I,OB, rOBOpHJIH aa OJ];HOM n TOM me H3hIRe, 6hlJIH recno CBH3aHhI MeiK.n;y c060ii, 06'be.n;HHRfIch non PYIWBO;:J:CTBOM onnoro BOCHHoro Bom.n;a. C06cTBeHHo rercxae lIJIeMeHa, oxennnao, naceaa.ra TepplIToplflO 110 06e CTOPOHLI l l aacHero ,iJ;ynaH BTIJIOTh no 1I06CpeiKhIT lJepTIoro Mopa.

Eaaronapu apXeOJIOl'H'ICCI{RM pacxonnaa MLI MO)l{eM PCKOHCTpYY1pOnaTh «apruay m1I3IIlI reTO-J];aI{RHCI,lIX TIJIeMCH, lJaCCJIRBUIliX TeppHTopHIO ,IJ;aJUm B TICPHOJl:, HeIIocpe;:J:CTBeHHO npeAmeCTBYIOuurii PIIMCIWMY 3anOCnaHI1IO.

lIaCCJIeHMe TpaHClI:IhBaHMII II 13aJIaXlll1 OhlJIO oce.n;.'1hIM. OHO aaW1Ma.!IOCh 3C:\I:JleJl:C,JJfCM II CIWTOBO)(CTIlOM, /l\lWO B YRpCn:lCHIlLIX 1I0(,C~ICIllIITX. :H3 pCMCrCJI ocofienno BLICOROC pa:1BllTMe nony-rann ;:J.OObllla HIlC 1I oGpa60TJ,a MeTaJI:IOn, a TaKII,C HCpaMlI'lCCI,OC II POJI3- BO;lCTBO, C npuacnenneu rouuapnoro xpyr-a.

o TO;'1, 'lTO OCIIOBHhlM 3allHTJleM HaccnCIIMH OLI,;IO 3e~I:IC;lC'Bfe, CIII1,J;CTeJlhCTBYIOT apxCOJIOrJl'-ICClmc paCHOIlKH JlalHlii(;IU1X rtoce.ieHuii, rne ofinapyatenu 3CpllOBnIC flMhI, PY'JHhle HaMCJlllhIe MC:ILHIfI(hl M O(~TaTJ,1l ;IC pHOBnIX aauacon 1. AHa:1t13 CC~1H II, Haii)leHHhIX II pM pacxouxa x rpaaotanororx nOCC;JeHIIM: B l'P3;UIlIITH :M YIJtIC.a)"nyii, YCTaHOlIll.l nercoropuo copra ac PUOBblX II rcopxronux T pan, B03i(e:lJ,IBanUIIfXCH llaKaMU BIB. H. fl. Cpena HI1X 6LIJIlf una copra IlIIleHI1I(LI (triticum com pactum II triticum vulgare), pOillh, IIpOCO, H'IlIteIIh, nnyr-paunuii H'Il\1CIlh, qlaCOJIh, 'IC'JCBMua, rop-runa, MaR, Gop 11 peua«. H HTepCCHO OTMCnITh, 'ITO II nocne pJ1MCIWrO aanoenaHHH np0;J;OJJfi\aJIIf B03,lJ;C:lhllJaTbCR TC ,1\0 callfJ.Je CO[!Ta Ry:lbTypHI.IX pucrcuuii: PJ1MJIHlIC HC Il}JIIIICC:IM C COOOll JIll Ka'lCCTBCHlIoro ynysmouaa eOIlTOB, IIM ynCJnl'1eHUH 'lI1CJla pa31l0nl1;:J:HOCToii 2.

Ha pa3B11TlIC 3CM.'IC,lJ;C."'IIIH y rOTo-;l;8TmiicRHX II.'10MCH yxaasrHalOT alITH'IIIblO aBTOphI: OBll)J;l1ll:l, I'opanuii 4, 1{0JIYMO;IJIa 5 n Hp. !\Oril;a B 335 r. JIO H. 3. Aneucannp MaRC;:J.OHCIUl.H )J;OCTl1l' MCCTHOCTlf J~ cenopy OT ,lJ;ynarr, ero nmnrU:lf, IlO COOOIf{CIUIlO Appuuna,6 nparnnocr. npOK;Ja;(I>IBaTh CCOC J(0P0I'Y nepea nOJIR BbICOJwii II rYCTOH: umennuu. II a OJJ:IIOM lI3 peaserpon HO;;IOIIHbI Tpaana aaofipaacensr pUMJUJIIC, JIaCbIIlUIOIll;J1e aepno B MCllII,11 II BLIHOCHnllW l1X na OCTaB:IeHJlOrO ;_(aIWMH JlOCOJIeUI1Jl (puc. 1-HapT. 121) '. lIa npyrox pCJJbcqle MOi-nHO BMiJ:OTL, l,aI, pW.\1eIm:o coanaru

1 «Dacia», T. l , crp, 222 c.r.

2 SCIV, 195:3, 1-2, crp. 19;1 n 212. 3 Ovid., Ex POlito, Ill, 8, 6.

4 H 0 r., Od., lIT, 21.

5 Col u 10., De re rust ira, VTT, 2. 6 Arr., Anab., 1,1,1.

7 Hyuepauna xaprmr pC.'lf.C<pOIl nO;'lOITIILI Tpaaaa WICTCH 110 nanaamo:

C. C i c h 0 rill s. Die Iicliefs dor Trajanssi.ule. Berlin, 1890-1900; B ;(a:TbrreiimC~llIpl1 (,~hLJIKaX ua pe:lheqlhl I,O:lOIIIILI Tpnaua 6Y;leT IliIilLIBllThCH HOMCP xaprausr, COr,mCIIO rryaopanun, ;J;HIIIIOii Ilnxopnycua II upocrasneanok B nepxueii qacm <poTorpaq)Hjj l1:qaulIhlx H~I p(~;'lhe<poH_ Hco H.a.1IOcTIJ:I1(IIH c l'l306paJRCIHICM pc,lbe<pOB nO.lOIlHI.! TpHIIHa ):IaIOTCH no aroxty me H3lWWIIO.

15

amyT ceprraan (pac 2), BCPOHTHO, IW.iIOCLH nmenanu HeB;J;aJIeI,e OT pacrornyroro B ropax pHMcKoro aarepn (HUpT. 110), n03:MOlImO, <lTOT XJ1CO Gr.m nOCCHH CIIJ;e nanaxu, He YClIeB!IIMMII: CHHTb ypoacaii.

o CyII~CCTBOBUHHIf y ,u:UIWB CIWTOBOJl,CTlJa CBIfiWTC.iIbCTBYIOTaHTlIqHble naearc.ru, 1 a TaK/lW pCJIMJrJ!U IWJIOlIlIhI 'I'panua, lIU 3aR.iIIOQHTCJIhHOii J\apTl1HO xoropoii 11300paiReno O)J.IIO 11;) nmmiicKI1X IIJIeMeH, lIOKIJ;I;alOllrCO 3aXnUQeHIIy 10 pUMJIHUUMH 'fCppIfTOpmo, rrpH'leM yxonHHJ;HC ;l;alUi rOHflT nepen coGan GapaEOH, canncii, «opon (rcapr. 155). 3aHHTHo HaCCJIeHIfH CHOTOIlOi-\CTllOM HO;l;TBCpiJ\,,"(aeTCH llOCTOHHHO lIaXOi1:l1l\1blMlf D MOflwax narcou IWCTHMH ULman, lW3 11 GapUHon 2.

Pannuro ObIJIO y AaIWB, O'ICBMnIJO, JI lIqCJIODO;(CTBO, eynH no cooon'OIIHIO I'oponora 0 TOM, 'ITO 3eMJIH 110 TY CTOpOlIy P Hcrpa 3UnOaJIOliU use.raxia, nOaToMY JIO Heii ;i110JJ;fIM namc UC.iIJ.3H lIpOIlTIi 3.

H KOH~y I TbIC. ;1;0 U. O. D ,lJ;UHHIf npOH30IllJIO RTOpOC xpyunoo pa3,J;CJICHlIe rpyna: peMeCJIO OTil:O.iIHJIOCh OT 3eMJ[e;~O;;I1ur 113 peMCCO;I HaROO,1:bIUOe paauar ao IIO,'JY'lI1JIa oopaooTHa MeTU.iIJIOB 4.

;~aJU1 ,UOOJ.IDU:W mO.iIC3IIYIO pyny II Il1HPOI{O 1/0.iIh;lOBaJlHCh n 6bl'fy m8.iIe3HbIMll 0pYilHlIMR, II3rOTOB,[elIllJ.JMII CBOIIMll J:l..:e peMeC.:IeUHI1T\aMIi Tal" np a PUCIWlII\uX ,UaIOlilcKoH J,PCJ[OCTH I D. no H. a.- I B. H. a. B paiiono l'p3;rI,IfHITlI MYH'leJIYJIyrl Gwm Ha~i;:J:cHbi OCTaTWI J(ByX peMeCJIeHHbTX MacTcpcIUIX-I,Y3HCQHOff Ii CTOJIHpHOllII cnsmre TpCXCOT PU3JIIf'lHbIX mO.iIe3HbIX UHcTpYMeHToR (pac 3). B MacTCpcRotl xyauena OhIJIO cexsnecnr I1HCTPYMCHTOD Ii oPYAl1ii, B TOM QIiCJle I\Y3JIC'1lIble MOJIOThl, HJTemR, npoGoiiHJIIUI, 3aIWeIIl{If, nO;.(J1ltmm, naaoaansan H np. CpeJ(H CTO:IHPUbIX n lIJIOTHI'l'lbllX IIIICTPYMCHTOB UhIJIIl recrra, CIWOC.:Ib, Il:JOTIII1'IbII TOIlOPhI, fiypasbI, clwor.I, ~J1pI\yJIb, i(OJIOTO II np CPC;:(lI ce:JLcI\Ox03HiicTB01I1Il>lX OPY;~IIH UhIJlH ccpnbl, «ocu, rpatin«, cepnootipaanue nanor-panapCKIIC HOiRR, MOThTrH, ronopsr If ,Up.5 n pn npyrax paCIWIII\aX na TCpPIITOpIIIf ,Il;aRHU OhlJlII Haii,U8UbI cpenu npO'lHX OPYJI:HII raicace a;CiI03HhlC UOiHHIIIJ;hT, MO.iIOTI'JI II pC3eIJ; unyra 6. Heotiu-ralhroe paauOOOpa3JIe i1":C.iIe3HhTX opyrtnii, ynoTpe6,,}lICMJ.IX ;:J;af\lIHCIUIMI1 pCMCC;;relIIBmaMII Ii ~CMJIen:C.iILIJ;aMH, cnanerenr.crnyer 0 OO.iIbIIIOM MacTepcTBe Ii RhICOIWM ypOBHC pa3RHTIiH B ,lJ;aI{l1JI MeTUJmyprl1- qeCKOrO peuecna. 06 310:1<1 JI\C CBH;J;CTCJIhCTByIOT Ii naxo.trcu i'.iIIIHlIllJ.lX :JIlTeii:llbIX qlOpM, naiineunuo R IIHTpa POllino; OCO- 6ylO rpynrry COCTall:JHIOT HaXO,UKR MeTaJIJIU'lCCIWI'O opyarmr, B TOM

1 IT 0 11 r n fi ~1 e p 0 11M iI IT a n rr If H C\1 B,llI, 1949, .\2 4, np 2/19. 2 R ot E V 11 1 P o I.es fouillcs de 'l inosul «Dacia», T J, CTP 189

3 I [ o rod , V 10

4 D Pop e s c u Exploatarea ~i prelucraroa metalelor in Transilvarna pana Ia cotroprrea romana selV, 1fl51, 2, CTP 27 err

5 Expozrna arheologica rczult atele sapaturilor arheologice drn 1951 in R P R.

Bucuresu, 1952, CTP 22, scrv. 1952, CTP 297-302 6 V Par van Geticn, crp. 780

7 C j) die 0 VIC 1 U Cetatoa dacica tie la Piatra Rosie. Ta6JI. XIV.

16

'lHCJlO Me'lii npHMhlO 11 H30rHYThle, C'lHTalOlIJ,l1eCH xa palnepHhlM opymneM )l;aROB, HaI\OHe'lHFIlm 1\0111111: II np. nOBl1;:J:HMOMY, WIOMCHa, 06HTaBmHe B Tpaucam.aaunu, )l;OOhIBaJII1 30J1OTO ee PY;(lIhIX rop erne B I rsrc. 1l.0 H. 3., 0 'leM CBll,'t,eTO;1hCTBYJOT HaXOArUI TaM rpOljCCI\HX II FIHhlX )fOIIeT IV-Ill BB. no H. 3. 3a.u:0;Iro ;.1,0 PlIMcxoro 3UBoenaHIUI naxaa OhI;Uf H3BCCTHI.I 30~IOThIe PY)J)IHIUI TpaaCIIJlhBaHCl\l1X rop B oKpyrux Bepeumaroxa, 3;raTIlhI 11 BOlICI(hI. TaM ohI;m naij-;:r:oHhI MOIWThI ROllU;U I B. ;.1,0 II. 3. 11 I B. H. 3. 30:10- TLIe PYAHIIKM lOJIUIOll Tpaucnasnamnr B paiione Mypoma 11 Q;lIIJIH pa3pa6aTLTBaJIHCb eme B IV B. ;1,0 H. 3.1• BepOflTHO, II MaI\I1M mIlpORO npllMelUlJIaCh nepermanaa PYAhI AJIH I1311JIe'leHIIH nparou;eHHLIX MeTamIOB, aanpnxep cope6pa, conepa.auierocn B M.eJlOBOM xonsenane M npyr-nx coeJJ:MHeHMfIX 2.

113 cepe6pa ;:J:alUl C 60:IbllIMM xacrepcruoa 'leHamlJ[l1 M.eCTuyIO MOIlOTY, nonpaacaa TMnaM rpORO-Mal\ep:oHCHl1X 1I PIJMCKI1X MOHeT. l:ITo xacaercn ).1,0 OCTUJlbIIblX M3J(OJIMM M3 .u:paI'Ou;eHllbIX MOTa;::[JIOn, raaaasnr 06pa30M 113 cepe6pa, TO CTMJIh 11 TeXHHKa HX H31'0TOB;leIII1JI 6hJJIII Y nason O'leHb caocotipaaau. OHU xa paxrepnu .u:;IfI Bcell TOpPl1TOpl1l1, naCCJICHHoi1: l'eTo-p:aml11:CRHMlI n;JOMOHa~IH, H CBI1;J.eTOJlhCTBYIOT 0 TOM, '-lTO, HCCMOTPH IIa B;JH.HIIHC, xoropoe orca- 3bIBa;IU paanaunue COceL(HHe IlJIeMOHa na MOTUJI;;rYIH'WIOCIWO peMOCJIO i:(aROB, OHO coxpanano CBOro cnenwIlH'lHOCTb n UP0i-lO;::[nW;JO TPU;(rIU;HM MOCTIIOU «YJIWYPhJ 6POIl:IOBOro aeua 3.

Ocotienuo HpHO cxaaanocs cnoeotipaaue i-lalUIiiclwii ropeuruxu HU cepefipnnsix YI,paIlIeIllHIX: r-pannax, U;OllHX, 6paCJIOTaX, <!J116ynax U T • n.", mnpoxo pacrrpocrpanemn.rx no BCOI! TpaHCII:II.>l3aHIIU, OJIbTeIIlUl, Banaxmr H MOJIJ(allIIM 5. j..(JIH ,IJ;aKHu BIB. ;:1:0 H. 3.-1 B. II. 3. xapaurcpno lIa;IIl'!MO, naprrny C InmopTHblMH T1UJaIltH <p1I6y~, paanoofipaansrx <pOpM Tl1I11l'IIIO MeCTIIbIX ccpefipHHhlX 11 6pOHaOllhlX <PIl6YJI. Ta« , lIalllHIMCP, MeCTlIhll\1 THIIOM HDJIHIOTrn ¢u6yJII.J cep. I B. n:o H. 3., nuiii(OIlHhle cpe.tu coupoaunt xnana 113 Xyrnu (OIW;;:rO p. Ilpyra). OUI1 IIMO;'l11 JlPyml1HY B Bl1itO onnoir CIIHpUJIII H 6JraroL(a prr csoeof PU:lIlOII 1130rHYTOCTI! IWHl(a nyr-a lIalJOMI1Ha~11 CFIJIY3T ~C6eL(H 6. T:I1IlIf1.JHO naicaiicaoii CeBepeUHY naasuiaer <P116YJIY 113 Onsrenan (OIL h·paiioBLI) 7 C yII.'IOUl,eIlHbIM nopXOM H npocroti aeprmcam.noii npYII01HOK, a l lupnan «L(aKIfllCKl'IM THIIOM» MMcHyeT <PUOYJILI C pacumpenuoii nyroir c nnoiinoii

I O. J) a v i e s. Roman mint'S in Europe, CTp. 201. 2 Td~1 a,e, crp. 206.

3 D. Pop esc u Objets (iL' pafufe Q'eID-da('.l's ('II <llgeut. dhl ia», T. \-'11- yIII, crp, 183~ D. ~ e rei u - r n ere ill. Cen-otrn ~i sapaturiJi arheologico In jude\cle Tilrda :;;1 Albd. «Apulum», T. l I, CTp. 80.

4 V. Par van. Gel lea, crp 530--53\.

5 D. Pop c s c u. J'Ha3. COlI. crp 195, reapra,

6 G. S e v ere a II u. Tresor dp Hnsl. «Bu-uresti». 1935, .\' 1, PM!'., 2-5.

7 Ero me. Fihulcs app.rrtcnant aux colloxlon du Must'e muuicipal de Bucarest. «DUCllrr.~II», 1935, ,\~ 2.

IS

1

2

Puc 3 JRe:Ie3HbHl npc;IMeTbI U3 fp;),1HllITH MyHQeJIyJIyii 1 - RY3He'lIIwe HllcTPYMeHTJ.1 2 - TOIIOPbI II aauorpanarcuaa Hom,

3

'is

o Z " 58 fO 15 ZOc'"

I3iI u»

,

(SCIV, 19:i2, tTP 297-:302, H)::!.l (lP lil)

3 - llJlOTHH'fbll J1H<-TPY\leHTbI I, - KOpOThalT naor nvrnn canna (xapaRTCpHOI' opy uue nason), !IOCR nn.ra, rotnroe JlC31111C (oprlTBa?)

"P)il\HIJoii II C aacroa.rcoii YMeIlhmOHHhlX palMepOIJ gaR JJ.yHaiictcoro paiioaa xapaxropnu raxa.e <PI16Y,"'JbI c apJwiI B BI1;J,O J/~lITI\a II JJ.BoiiIIOH peccopoii, BCTpeqaIOII~MOCH U B lOiImoM POCCUlt 1 TaRaH <pn6y.;:ra, nanpavep, GhIJIa naiineua n 1939 r cpeJ]:1f nemeii I H H.:3 H Mepan-I'oana (Ba,'1aXI1H) 2, (1)lOHTU'IHhIO eM - B Cep60JIe II Illaauro 3 If B upyr nx MeCTax qacTo B Tpaucn.n.nanau, a 1l1Ior;J,1I D BaIfaTO u Banaxaa HCTPOllUlOTCfl <Pn6YJI[,I C n:;IOl'H\ 'IOJI 1I0iI\H:OH, noxpuroii CTIt.:IIt3(lnallHl,l\Ill y30:ma~ilf 4 (puc 4, 2) l l apany C <PH6Y:Ial'lUf, 60JIblJIOi1:

III IT 0 pee II pOJJ:CTaBJI fIlOT n cepe opmlhle rero-natoracnue 6paCJIOTLT, coxpannrunao 3JIOMOIlThi 300\WpQ)llOro CTIVUT HallooJI()e xapaHTOpTJJ,[ opacJIoTh[ B BU,D,C cnnpa JICI1 , OHanQltBaIOlI(I1XCH ern:1 H30DalIHbIMII I'O~IOBaMIl SMOII 5, OIIlI IIMOIOT cnoeofipaausni opua:\1OIIT D BM)lC Hace'IOI, G (pIIC. 4, 1), IlCTpeQaIOIJ(I1i'rcfl II na Jl,aImMC(,lIX <p1I6~ na x 7 (puc. It, 3) qacTo

nOJlU,l,aIOTCH TaHiIW rpuama H3 BIITOii cepeopnnoii UpOBO~IOIUi, 3alialI'II1BaIOU~IIOCH CT II.'l1130BaHHhIMII rOJIODI,aMII 3Meii, HO n03 opuavenra 8, n cepo6 pan hIe QeTI If

1 - BPOH30BblU OpaCJIeT ~, 4, 5 - RpOIl pa {IHOLI IIHOr'TU O'IeHh CJIom

BOBbie 1j)1I0YJIbI, _ CepeupflHaH tjll1oy~ra 3,1 I 1 ,'" -

BOH IWHCTpyI\UltH 9, CBHiJ;GTeJIh-

CTDYIOI1(lfe 0 OO.;:rhIIIOM MaCTep

CTBe ):(arWMClnIX IOneJIIipOn HpOMe roro, 6hIJIlI uraporco pac- 1 G. SovcrCHnu Tresor de I!U~I

2 U Pop esc u Objets de parure crp 186, puc 3, N 5.

3 V P Ii r v a /I Getrca, CTP 534, ;):33

4 D Popescu Y"a3 COq, CTp 191, pile 11 H CTp 192 5 TaM me, CTP [(,)2, plfe 12 H CTp 1$)3

6 G So v e r 0 a It u Xecklaces, bracelets of trace scyt.ice, dacian styles with snake ornamentation «Bucuresu», 1937, .¥> 1-2, CTP 41 en

7 D Pop 0 S c. U ¥ I<a3 COq, CTP 187, pnc 5

8 C S N 1 col a esc u - P lop !'j 0 r Le tresor dace de Poiana Gorj «Dacia», T VTI-VIU, crp 203

9 D Pop esc u 1'1>a1 COq, CTp. 184-190, PIIC 1, 2, 9, 10.

~

'r---O 037----

~

2

-~

5

f

Pnc 4 1f3;(e:IIIJI i(al\A:ii('l,lIx pe\loCJIeHHHIWBi ({BllCure~tl), 1$):37, np 46; «DaCIa», TV-VI, np 21.t) If

242, T VJI-VTrJ, <:Tp 11)7)

22

npocrpauenu uonnecua paamax rnnon, :IOO~lOpqlHJ,Te 6JIrrmRIf, nepCTlI11 11 T n 113 Jl:parO~eHIIbIX MeTaJIJIOB Bh'ile;;JbIBamrCb ratoxe pa3:II1QIILle Ba3bI 1

MOHeThI II paanoofipaamae H::l,n:emIR 113 npar-onemnax MeTaJIJIOB 06hIQno 06HapYil\I1naTOT aapsmaan B BUJ(e RJIaJl:OB IlocrronHHe 'lallre ncero cmraunarorca C npeveucx noemrux ;(eiicTlllfii na reppnroprrn ,L(aw1U C 1I0xo,'.[al\1!I pusr.rn II , c uanancnuuau r apua-

Pm: oJ Pe"ILC(phi hO IOJUlbl I ]JiIlIH.I HhllJtn plf'I'IHII.I~11l 11111 paO·IUIHJ..I:\

coicpomnn

TOB H ilpyrwMH nOTpl1CeHHlIMJI Peace YI{a3aIIHbIC nponaeru RJIa:Ill:

Jl \wrJlI:JY yaepruer o naxa HaJIIIQne J(parO~CHHhIX yxpameawii :l11IIlh n OTiI:e:lbIIbIX, permo BCTpeQalOIHnXCH nor-petiouanx cnane'ret sornyer 0 pa3BJITO~! CO~l1aJIbHOii i-(lIq)(pepCHnl1a~HH .n:aIWB erne 3a;lOJIrO ;~O pnacaoro aaaoenamra B TO me BpCMfl nIICbMeHHhle 11CTO'IHHf{H VI<U3bIllaIOT na TO, 'ITO BOIl\L(H natunicnax TIJIeMeH o6JIa.LJ:aJIIl orpO~llbIMl! 6oraTcTBaMI1 glIOH Haccllii uopcnacr aerenrry o TOM, 'ITO ACI(COaJI rrpIIHa3aJI n;IeHllbIM aa pbITh npanannexcanmee OMY cepe6po, 30JIOTO H npyr-ao ~eUHf,Ie neutu R TaifHbIX xpana.nnmax non peRO~I, OTneXJ:lI ee PYCJIO, 3aTeM OIl yMCpTBIIJI IlJICHHblX. Ho O.n:IIH H3 .n:PY3oH Ae~e6aJIa orupsrzr TallHY rorana pHMJIlIHaM H Te 3aBJIa;::reJIII cnpnraansnra 60raTCTDaMJI 2.

1 I) Pop e sell ¥IW3 COq, crp 188, PHC 8 0 B err, 1 11 Arheologia prerst orrca a Olternai , Hamuri-c-Crarova , Hl39 r ,eTp 186.

~ Cas s D 10, LXVIII, 14, 4-5.

23

Ha xoaonno Tpanua naofipaaccua CHeHa nu noaa 11.1 .D:amm YiRe B caMO!'.1 xonue soiinu Harpa6~IOHHhIX TUM 6oran:TB 1. HaBbIO'ICHHblC m)llla;{H no ropHblM noporav rantar 1I0:IIlble IWP:\HlIbI CO· cy iJ,OD « ;IP)TIIX l1:i;J:e:udL Tpu ;lOlIIUiJ,lI C II!Jl,;1ail,oii" HU ell HHUX eIlYCI<aIOTCH C ro p ; lI{JM aTOM lWi!,;lYJO l1a HIfX 1!eiJ,CT :lCrI1I)Hej' O;(Ha noma.n, 00:3 rpyaa IlO;1.HIfMaOTCH UBOPX, HOPOHTHO, '!TOOb) llMITh nouyio 1l0l",aa;y. J3PHLJ::In IHIM:ll1lI :VIOUTli HHTCI)cCOBUTh .KepaM1I4eCIUlO II:QC.'lJ1H ,,\aIWB; llepOHTHCO upcnno.roa.urr., 'JTO 00- raTCTBa ,'I.aJ-\l1i1cKorO Bom,:r,H aaicnoua.racs r:WllIlblM OGpU30M D paamoma x l1:3)lemIJIX H JJOCY;W 113 ;lparoIlCHHhlX :\IeTa'I;WB. Tauoii iHC BbIBO,J: MOiI\IJO c.te.iar r, 11 11;1 .J:aHHblX BHaUIITl1iinwro 1111- carc.m Hoanua :1U;lHiinwro. JlOC:IC;J,IIUii, rouoprr 0 oorUTCTBUX, nsrucaeunu x TpaHHOM 113 gaKJfJf. uaaunaor , na J)H;..lY C 30;IOTOM H cepetipov, raroke Hy6mI 11 BaaLI 2. 110BI1;(I1MOMY, ionc.tupuue 113;..tO.1IHI narcos DJ.I(·,OIW llOJlI1.:1I1Cb II B PI1:vtC, lJTO 1I0;('le[)lWBaCT BbICOxoe paannrne :\WTun,1 yprHlJCCIWrO peMCC:Ia 13 .J:aHI1I1.

Hapnny C ;(06Lf\wii jIJ oopaGOTIWll MOTU:I;IOB, B ;~UHI1II Gbl:IO pa311l1TO 11 KcpaMl1lJe('$Oe lrpml:mo,:(nBO. <:jeIlHaH Kepa:\U1I\a, nutpouo pacnpocrpaaeuuaa B ;.(UI-<HiiCKI1X fIOce:JeUI1I1X, 6hJ:Ia ;:J;OCTa'fOQHO npl1MI1TMBHOii II Mor:ta 1I3l'<lTOII.'II1ThCH pYI{aMI1 Il\CHlTU1HX03Hel, ;I:,'IH HYih:!: nx ce:\leii:, HO C JIOHIl:reHl1eM B 1(al-;1111 ronxapuoro rcpyra IWPU:vtH'lCCIWC JlpOU3DO;l,('TBO ;l().TIi:lOIO 61,1.'10 BLUC.:IHThCfl B oc0600 pCMeCJJO. GHO rpooonaao TCIlCPL cneUl1a;II,IIO],O nanusa, II KepaMlu,a, HaXO.lI1Mafl na JlOco:rOIHlHX I B. H. 3. 11 C,:(C;:rUHnaa na I'OHlJapnOM xpvrc, CBI1';J,crC.'IbCTHYCT 0 B!JICOIWM paaunHIli IWpaMl1lJCCKOrO Maerepnnu y reTO-;laJ-OIi1:CKlIX 1I:leMeH.

Zho XOPOllIO H.'I:110('TJH1pyen·,11 :\1UTcpHaaOM 113 pacrconox llOco;:roHuil: Honna, I'paL\HIIITH MyII4o:ly.:ryiI, Flucuy.r-Hpaaauu, TUHOCYJI. lIa 1I0C;IC;l,HCM I10CC.:ICHIIJI B Ca!lIOM ncpxrrea Hy;rhTyplloM c.roe, xoropsui :\lOiKHO .laTl1pOBUTL I n. ;..to H. 3.-1 n, II. o., BCT[lOqaeTCn u .tcnnan rcepaxunea If I\Cpa:\Hlha, C7(C.:1UHHalJ Ha I'O}('laplJOM upyre, Cpenn ~lCnlloif, II CBOlO o-repe.u., DnpOlJflIOTI'H O'10llh lIIHIMHTHBIIhle ~Op:\Clhl. OHM (:oxpaIIHIOT 'fP,3;l1IUI10HHLIC 3:IOMeIlThl opuaacura B B1I;J.e Ha;IeUHOI'O naruuca C Ha;{p03UMI1, UPIIII(CllaMII 11.'111 B)l:aB:1CHHbnllI YJ';Iy6J1CIIIHUII1 B DH;:I:C rrpuuieiro n 110 Ii:puro cOCY:la, Hape3IIOM JIOMaHorr .'HIlIl'fII na lI;;rcqlIRaX cocyna 8. B:.lCCTO pY4eK IlCTPOlJUIOTCH ropnaouram.nue nucrynu l1:rl1 ill 1I1IIe4l\11. Ha px.ty C Tal,I1MI1 npMMIITI1BHblM II ~OJl:\!aMll COCY:lOB, 11111 pOLiO npuvoHHRllI HXC}! R HaTICCTIlO norpC6U.:ILHh1X ypH 4, rrorranaiorox zrentu.re COCyLJ;bl fio.reo suconor-o "a4CCTBa, C JIOIHeHOH rtonepxuocr sto ,

.1 C, C i C 11 0 J' ius, rrapr. 138.

2 [0 a It. I. y d., De \Iagistralibus populi Romani, I I, ~8, 110 rerccry Wuensch, Lpz.. 19{):1, CTp. 8;~.

3 «Dada», T. l, crp. 191-195. 4 T"~I me, I'Tp. 188.

24

20

PIIC. 6. Menna» l\eplnnmll Hi! llOCC.'ICIIIIH JlOHlJa (SCIV, 1951, np. 192).

t __ JJenllwe C(ICY;(lJ 1 B. 1\0 II. a.-II B. 1I. a.: ~ - CucYI\J.J 11-I BB. :\0 II. 13.

npoqllIJICM CBOI1M UallO,VUfHaJOUCffe CUcY)lr.r, C)J;enaHHble na ronsapHOM xpyre 11, IlO nccii BOPOHTHOCTll, MM II nonpamaioume.

MOCTHafl xepaxuua Tunocy.ua, J1Jl'OTODJlCHHaH ITa rOH'IapHOM xpyro, ofinanaer 60ab1IllH1 paanoofipaaueu iflopM II IIMeeT oramHOC IWyeCTllO. Q)opMa ilTI1X COCYl1.0B uuorna flBJIHCTCfl )J.a:II,HcH- 1lIl1M paanaraca !Jl0PMLI DJHIMI1Tl1lllILIX aOllIILIX COCYllOH, naorna nortpaacaer rp04eCIWll II PHMCROll KCpaMl1H.e, I\OTOpaH, XOTH H n lIe60JILllOM lW;Jl[lJCCTne, HO I1MeeTCH na ropO;J.I1IHO. Xapax.repuo, 'ITO MOCTHaH 1,opaMlma TUHoc)Aa, cnenanuas C JlO\fOIU:bIO rOHQapHOrO npyra, coxpanner I1Hor;:J:a OpHa\WHT, cBoiicTrCHHbIH rrcnuofi rcepaxmae, IIUlIPlfMCp npanernroji BaJII1R lJO;.( J{paOM, npHI1(ellLI H T. 1.(. 1 'I'anno iI,O 1'1111"1 RcpaMIIIHf BCTpO'laI01'Cl-I 11 II npyrax )J.aIUliicI\llX nOCO,[OHllRX - I10HlIa (pMC. G), Il acxya-Hpaaaaa, IIHTpa Pomue 2 H T. )J..

B I'panumrn MYIPle;ry.rryH, KpOMe 06f.>ltUIbIX TIIIIOR MOCTHOH J(aRl1tICJwii: xepaxnrca, 6bWH HuH)J.eHhI 06;rO!\II01 paCIII1CHLIX COrY;lOB, cncnannux 0401lh TlI(aTOJILHO C nOMOIIIblO ronvapnoi-o xpyra 3. lla 1I0BCPXIIOCTL COCY)J.OB, nOKphITYIO 6oaoii, iHeJlToii II"M 'IepHoii oOMa3HoH, HallOCHJIaCL nnyx- HJlH rpexusernan POCllI1Ch: l'COMCTPHliCCIU10 yaopu , unerra , JRHBOTHhle, ll1'UJ(U, ElCIIOJIHeHmae cunoruuon ;uIHl1oii El 1"O'IRa:o.m (pIlC. 7). 13 MOTJiDaX opHaMOHTal~lll[ aroir rpyuuu nepaxnnor :.laMeTHO B03pOil{)leIIll0 ](peRHElX aDTOXTOHHhIX Tpa;;XI1IIH~', XOTH MacTopa, lI:lrOTODJIHBIIII1C 3TH cocynsr, 6e3 YC:rOBllO lIaXO;;XHJIlICh non BJIHH UJiOM 00 paaIIOH 1l03J(HO-3JIJIHHJilCTWICCIW~l pacnucuoii J\epU:'il1l01, 1l0CTYJIUIIUleiI R AaRaM, B03- MOlHIIO, 113 IIpUyepIIOMopC-IOIX r peuecrcnx rOrO;~OB,

BOJILlllOe RO.iHP!CCTIlO lIaii:p;eHHhI.x na TCpPH1'Opl1l1 ,IJ;aRI1M MOHCTIILIX JmaJ(OB C rpO'lCC[\l1MU H PllMCKHMM pecIIy6JumaHCRI1MH MOHeTaMII, a TaRII,O \lHorOtJMCJIeHHOCTL I1MIlOPTHhIX 113J(OJIlIH C )J.aHIIIICKUX nocc:reHUll CBll)J.OTe;IbCTBYlOT 06 HHTCIICHBHbIX TOprOBLIX cnaaax MeCTlWrO naceaerrna ,D;awll1 C rpCQCClHIM II PI1MCRllM MUpOM. HcpaBHoMopHOCTL pacnpenenen an 3TI1X HaXO)J,OR, cxounenae MX B nOCCrreHElHX, CTOHII~HX na 60rrhmnx BO)J.HhIX MarliICTpaJIHX U HOYTM rtorrnoe OTCYTCTBI10 MX B r:lyol1Hllhlx paiioaax )J.aRl1llCJWM repparopau - nOI{a3bIBaIOT HalfpaB.iIOHHC ropronux CBH3CW H xa parcrep TOprOn,J If. II ponannonemrc If\mOpTHI.rX 1'0- napon n ,I:(URI1IO mJ!O ;:UlyMlI nyrnsrn: 11:1 rpC'reCI\I1X ropOJ(OD 3ananuoro Ilpa-repuovopsa uo p. ,IJ;yrraH H cro lIpmoRuM (peRII Ceper, ITpy1', fbo:.HtI~a M rtp.) M nOCJIC lIpeBpaJl(OHHH Me3UII B PUMCI\Yro npODHHl(I1JO - npuao QepC3 ,iJ;YHaii. IIPOHllRHoneHliIe B ~~aRI1IO rpellCCT\I1X H PMMCI\lIX Il31(C;rUH, I1MeR CROMM nOCJIe;.(CTBueM, rrpeaoic ncero, YCIwpeUHe COIIl1aJILlIOro paCCJIOeHI1H

1 «Dacia», T. I, crp 201-203,

2 C. D a i c 0 vic i u. Cctatea dacica de Ia Piatra Rosie, Ta6:r. XVII-XX.

3 SCIV, 1953, CTp. 166, 1GS, 181 CR. •

26

;J;UHllii0lwro otimecrua, BMeCTC c TOM oicaarauano BJUHIHl1e 11 ua pa;\BlITI1C MC(',TllOfO pcxiecna, BhI:lbIBaH JIO;lpUiHalIl1H 11 11:1'WHCIII1R n TeXIIIIIW IIPOI13BO}lCTBa 11 YBC:1H411J'aH paanooripaanc TlmOB JT3;IO.iIl1ii MeCTHblX pcvec.tommuon.

H IOrO-B()(~T04HOii 4Ur-TIII ~lal;'IIJ11, CBH3aHHoii npeuwvuro-

CTBOIIIlO C rpeIW-:'.IUf{0,10H("IWMlI h:yIJIla'\lJl, 6bl:11f mupoico pacrrpoCTIJaHCllhl MOIWTLI ~IC(;TIIOii 40lW II J;.H, 1I0,lpail\alOIIlIIC TOT pa.tpaxMa,\1 (DI1:ll1ll1IU H A:lOH.raHJ..lpa 11.l.1I naTCpa:'.l (J)II:mIlIlU 1 (puc. 8). Ol01 Bol}lO.ILlna:1I1(',J, r:lUBHI>J,\! OOpa;lO:lf 113 ccpofipa , 110 uo.'loe rr03:!1l1l0 l13 IHIX l1l\W:lll JlPI1MCC}' MO:!ll H '10M Jl03.,"(IICC, TCM Il 66.1bmO~1 I~O:1l1'10CTBe 2. ;)Tll MOll0Thl Il lIi II II nn. ;(0 II. ;). Ill1pH.y:mpona.ur IIO BCCil: TCpPl1TOpI1H ;(alO1If. i'i:la;(hl, co.tcpacauure MOHCTI>! rarcoro TlIIW, Il(;TPC'1UJOTCR n O:lhTeHIfM 3, n paiiono ,\fCil\;lj' pel\aMH CCpCT H IIpyT 4, B Tpal[(;Il;;}hBaIlHH 11 II ;l:P.\TI1X '\I:CCT~X. Yi1W C I-WHIIU III B. no H. J. II ,L(arnno H3'1I11la10T IIPOIUII\aTL ~IOIICThl rpovocrcax rOpO;!OB A,1:]lHUTlfl01, a aaTC!'.1 II MOllenI PITMCIWii pCCnyOJllinU 11 PUHHCif !f:\f!l0 1)1111. Cpe;l:ll :\10nOT l"IU;W, naiineu 1101'0 n DOHna na p. Cepcr, ImCne C «napnapcrcuan. 1I0;lpailWl1I1HMlf MaHC;(onCIWM rcrpanpaxxraxr, UMC;rHI('.J, 11 PI1M(;I\I1C pecnytinuuaucxuo nenapnn 5. B ),pCnOeTflX TpaUCI1:lbllaHlHl 6Ll~111 Huii;lCllhl «BapBapCKIIC» nO;lpamaHI1H :\IOIICT3!\! ,I..(HppaXlfH If PIfMCIW\1 J>CCIIYO~I1f1{aHCJ\lUl ;(On U P1Hnt. I ;0:1 hIlI oii lWU.1: 1)I!!\rc J;.H x PCCD yon: IflmHCKI1X MOIlOT Haii;len II I hllU:IH IlIlC, 130.'111311 p. JI\l1Y 6. IIo Brcil lICPO!lTIIOCTII, C I D. ;1;0 II. iI. PI1MCl\HC It nra.unicuao H yIIIl 1>1 7 Ha'lIIHaIOT uq)aTb L'lUIlJlYIO pc.n, II ropronne .naHJ1U. 00 ;)TOM CBl1;lCTe:lbC'TByeT uonnacnue O():ILUloro KO::l114CCTna jll1'lCl\11X :\10- HOT 11 «BUpBapCIaIX» 1I(),1pa;lIaIlJlii 1I~1. Hpn :nOM II n~lUJl:aX, 3apLIThIX Il Tpancu.u.nauau BO BpC~IH nacrynacuun capuar ou Il nepnnii IIO.;IORHIIC J ll. II. o ., IlPCOO:HUaI-OT pl1,\lnaIC MOlleT "I 1I0C.1C,l:HHX :JeT pocnyO:J11I\JI, :JIJOXH ;\ Bryna H IIOpUhlX 11:\-l1lCparopon 8.

fpC'1eC10IC II 8.'TJIHI1I1(;Tll'1PCIUlO npcuacru lIUXO;IlIT no MIIOrnx 1I0CCJ1CHIfHX JlT1i1WCrO L!,ynaf.l. l lx JIfJl1HO:lI1:1H rpouocrcue xyutu.r R 06MCH na x.refi, poloy II ilP)TlfC ronapu, fWTOPLW 1I01\y-

I D. B pre i 11. AI·l!po(o!.!ia prelst orka a Oltcuia. Hamuri=-Craiova, 1939. crp, 219.

2 C. () a i e 0 Y i c i u. La Trnnsylvauio dans I'ant iquit c, Bucarest ,

1938. rrp, 20.

3 D, Her c i 11. ~·l\a:l. COq., crp. 219 (";I.

4 G. S e v ere a n u. Trosor de lIusi. «Bucurcsti-, 1935 .\~ t.

5 G. S o v e r e II n 11. }y'Im:1. CO'l. • . ,-

6 R. :'It it rca lii C. S. i\ () (. () ( il e s \: 11 - P lop S 0 r. \1011('1(' dill limpill rcpublicii romano doscoper-il e Iii r~alllitl\. «:\Ialeriillc arhcolozice privind

istoria \cche 11 H. P. R.», T. 1, B"(",,,·('~ti, 1953, crp. fA;) ('.-1. '

7 I. \V i II k J e I'. Expausiunea c{"orJOIui<:li Ii Homo! in Daria lllainte de colropirca ei. «St udii ~i relerate ... », lJu('llrl'~li, 19::ill, crp. 153 (';1.

8 1\1. :\1 a ere a-I. 13 ere i II. Deux Tresors monetaires de Ducic Superieure, «Apulum», T. r, crp. 110.

2H

Ila;[IlCh Y MeeTllhIX lI.leMelI. /ja30ii I'pe1.Je(:I'I1X xyrnton Or,I.1TI roro;~a llCTplIH, Town, Ha.r.raruc 11 np, HCTptHl urpa.ia r.iaan yro PO;lh n ,J;YlIaiicI,oii TOIH'OBJIC C VI [(0 III I!. .to II. a., B III fl. au;_J,BllrUlOn:H 1'0.\111, a l\'U"JIaTHC, KOTOPhlii Obl;:r rna 11 II hnl oopaao:\[ cc;u,Clwxo;llIiil:TBCIIHOI! l'O.;JOHIWi1 c OO:lbIUOii cczu.cxoii TepIHITOpueii, llOlllI;llnlmty, nrpa.t MCHhlll~'IO pO.I" n ropron.ro 1. I\Yllllhl llCTp11l1 lIPOIlI1"U:lI1 Br:I,\'O" rCTCI>oii roppurnpnu [[0 ;J,YIIaIO II ero

PIH'. H, f:!']WO plllll.ll' ~1{)lIeTl.1 .taicon. IIO.VqWIIIII.Il'\ Iw;\e.\IlIPii II ilyH PY\!I.JlH'lwfi Hapo;[JlOii JH'I'IIYO,:IIf1i1f ilPX(~I),"[()('a~1 CI)BeT(,lwro (;c)J(W! (x prn fiTCH 11 11!'T()pll"O-apXC():JOI'I1'H'I'I;O~1 ~ly;l(~e \!(}('hOIl\'IWrO l'ocy-

;lilPI'TBl'IIIIOI'O ~'HI1Bepc:IfTeTa JDlI'III1 \'1. B. .Tovouocona).

n pHTOHa.\! H conouuna.ui roprouuc lIla I\TOI)lH1 ;J::IH TOprOIl:I It C .\WCTII hiM lIaCe:ICIIJ1mf. II plI paCIWIII,ax Jl J)a POOIIII{ no.r PI1Mclwii: Iq)ClIOCThlO OhIJIO OOHUPYiI,eHO JlOCCaCIIIlC, IWTOjWe )'if,e c VI-V nn. ;(0 II. 3. nOl'Pllla.:lO~h rpe'lp.CI,mlH "YllnaMII, 0 1.Jt'~1 CBH,[(8TC:lbeTIlYIOT naiineu mae TUM aTTnq()~IH1C qCpHotpnrYP"hlC 11 I{paclloqlHl'YPllhle :Wl\lItPbl 2, Mnoro tPpal'MCHTOB llMllOPTHOii rcepaMlHH!, 11 OC06ClIHO UMtPOP, BCTpeqaeTCH Ii B 1I0Ce,leIlIIll l louna, paClIO;[on.;CIIIIOM nsune J10 p. CCPCT; cpcnu HIIX 1'.'IaDHbnl otipa- 30M npo;IYKI-lI1H OCTPODIIOI( l'pCUI1H Ill-II HB. ,[(0 II. H., <pparMCUThl m)(~CI\I1X H tPaeOCCI\I1X aMtPop, f:le,lheqlHhlC 11 pacuucuue cocynu 3. Il p a PUCKOllKUX neKpOllO:IH JIOHHhI uaiinoaa Itcpa~II1I,a

I V. Par vall. La penetration helleniquo et hellcnlstiquo dans [a vallee du Danube. «Academic Houmaiue, Bulletin de la SCCtiOll historique», T. X. Bucarest, 1$)23. \'Tp. 23 (,.'"1.; T. 13. L> ,I a n a r (: " a II. 3ana;(HOIIOHTUUClwe ropo,1U B \,1 [-I actcax ;\0 naureii apu, H):i2, CTp. 36.

2 C. S c h u c h II a r d t. Walle lind Chnusseen siidlichen und ostlit:hen Dacien, AE}f, IX, 1885.

3 «Dacia», T. 111--IV. CTp. 310; V. Par van. ¥Ha3. COq., np. 35; SCJV, 1951, 1, CTp. 187 If 1!J:i.

29

VI D. no n. a., BTO.\I 'I1fC!IO 1'0p~IO a[.lXalI'IOCIWii aM(~OphI, (~parMOHThI OTI{PblTLIX COCY)],OB B TaR lIa;lhIlHIOMOM CTlJ:1e «rro.rocaroii IifOIlHM». a rarouo 1I000:1LllIall 'lepHO:lalWllaH naaa OYOHb cDoc06pa3H01I rpOPMhI 1.

S napCMJ1 COXpaHM'IllCL (vpanICHTbI PO/lOCCIHfX If J\.HI1}l,CI\HX aMrpop, Ki)TOPhIe MOil\HO ;.(aTuponaTb III B. ;1;0 II. a. 2 B l lucrcya Hpaaana 3 na p. fI.10MfUl,O OJ,J:11I RallJ].eIlhl rpparMOHThl rpn.tuar a aMrpo P. II TOM uuc.re nne !\:rcii.\!CHlIf,TC P yY lUI PO}l,OCCl\ll x a.\lrpo p 11 n. )1,0 lI. a., MUOI'O q)[.lanWHTOB «MerapCI\HX» 'law, npnYeM naiineast }l,ne l\aMOlIHbIC (I)opMbI J(,j[H nux C plICyHRo'\I ;I;'I1I opuaMOIlTa O;UWI'O C HI1MH TI111a. TaM mo, B).fCCTe C OCTaTl,a.\Ul r pcueCRI1X aMqlOp J[ xopomo e;l,C;WHlILIX MCCTHbIX cocynon, B TO.M xrecre, rne OCTb see OCJ[OBaHI1H uperuronararr, Ha!IH'IlIO OCTaTIWB paapymennoro ,RIIJII111W, 6I>lil naiinen nl1Toi1 6POJl:lOllbJi1 I\aU)1,CJw6p C TpCMH cncrrr.n.um.asnr, nnuo r pouecuoro 11 pOMCXO/l\;ICHfW .

.\iUOTO I1POJl:MOTOll r-pcuccnoro pexecna OLl:10 uaiineuo HpH pacROI1KaX II0ce;rOHliH T lIHocy;r 4, CYIUCCTBonaBHIcro C ;)JlOXH noo;;:rHTa ):1,0 I B. CpeJ(1I orirrapymemuax TaM OCTaTliOlI RCpa\fllI01 6bl.!TIl rppanfOHTbl aMqlOp C OCTPOBOH <Dacoea, Ponoca II 1\IlIl,'la 5. UepOHTIIO, 3TO nOCOJlOHI1e Ubl;]"O paapymono 11 eO,H,I,eI10 pHMJIHlIa.\11l, Tal, IWI\ OCTaTRII a,fVlHlI~ 11 yrnapn ,TfOIl\UT II c.roe, JIOI'PhITO.\I 60:11,mIlM IW:WQOCTIIO:\l ;lO;lbI II yrJIH. ;:ho COOhITIIO MOiJ,HO CIIH3aTb c ;(aHHh[Ml1 allTtl'pa(In1Tu1 0 HO~()Jl:e aa ccnep OT J~YIIaH lIaMenHHlm Me3TH1 THOCpflH ll:JaBTI1H Cum.aana i:Lll1aHa 6, a C PC;Of IlCPOCOJIeHHJ.'X lIM II Me:lIfiO 100 TbICH'I napnapoa (1l1l(I)pa, I{OlIe'llIO, II pC.\"IWJIIf'!eHa) MOI':lIf 6hlTb 11 IIOC;rO;(HllO ,J\lITC:1H Tuuocyaa 7.

113 Y'ICUIIC rorror parVwrct: 1\01'0 pac II pc;w:rCIHW rpexee fU1X H aXO;J,OI\ II gaIOfH noano.rucr C,'lc;raTJ. nuuon 0 TOM, 'ITO rpO'JOCKlIe l\yrrUbl IIO 3aOHpa,jJIICh rare ;IaJlOIW nnopx 110 ;~YlIaIO II oro IlPlfTORaM, ]\aR 3"[0 I[PC;IIIo.;mraeT Il upuarr. I'penccunii 11.\IIIOpT o6uapyiI{lInalOT rrpcI1MYlIl,(>('TBOHHO Il paiiouax, pacnonomennux BO;r1131I sepuoxropcnoro 1I060PCiJ\J.H. ;:)"[0 [';ramlbl).[ o6pa:IOM paiionu, cocennne c ,IJ;06 PYJl./J\ei1, .Il,'lO:lb ;~yHali 11 !Il1l11b nCKOTOpr.1O HaXO;:J.IH{ UPOIlCXO;:J.flT 113 noce.remui, paCIIO;rOFI\OIlHhIX na POIWX CCpCT n fIJlmllll(a. B OO.lhllIIIIfCTBe c:r.V'laOll 110 6opoI'a'\I npllTOIWB ,LJ;YHan IICTPC'IaIOTCH .ruuu, C)ll1lI.I1'IHbJC, HO xapatrrepm.re rporccrcne upsnMeThI. IIO~(all:IHlOlllUH '!aCTb r-peuccrcoro W\1TIOpTa IIa TOppIITO-

1 «Dacia», T. V-VI, crp. 166, pnr. 18.

i «Academia Homann. Hullet ln do la So('ic! e numismat ique», X, crp. 22; XI, CTf'. 2:3: X n, np. 42.

3 «Academia Homann. Mctnorii le SCf'\iunii istorice», IIT, cepHR JII, Bucu-

rest , 1926, CTp. 1!.l9 (".;;T.

4 «Dar-in», T. I, CTp. 166 c.r.

5 V. P il r van. Cot.lea, CTp. 2()!i. 6 cu., XLV, :)()08.

7 «Dar-ia», T. I. '''rp. 222.

30

plUO gaJ{ffH lIPHXO;lJ1TCH na llOPHO)]; III-IJ DB. ;J:O 11. :3., JlPH'fOM IlO'fTH HO BCrpe'falOTCfI nponverra lIC"YCCTua, HO upeaxrymocrnenno OCTaTIUl rapu (OCTPO)];OHH"IX aM(pop). 3TO CBI1)~Oro.;:rLCTJlyeT 0 TOM, tIro CIJOIHOHHH C rpelm~ll1 UMO:I H necrcra OrpaHlIQOIIH"rir xaparcrep. a':WIIIHICTHlfOCI,aH xy.u.rypa lIO npouurcna Jl 61.11' uacsnenaa H rpe-recune U3J(e.;:rMli Moran noxynarr, B 06MOH na XJIeo n npyroe cupse :IHIllL ua1100;;IOO OOrarbIe C.;:rOI1 IlaCOJIeHHH.

HaXO;:(I<If Ha rero-narcmicrcax IIOCOJJeHIIHX HHJ-f\HOrO ,n;YHaH 11 llO pp . .fLJOMJln:O, lIpaxone, Ccper n np, UMCPOPlIblX Iwei1:M CuHOIIhT, Po.toea, <:DatOca, HHIlp:a 11 Iioca, T. e. n:l TOX me lmIITpOH, icoropsre n III-II HB. ;1:0 H. il. ropronana C Mcrpl1eH: 11 l\UJlJJaTlICQ:lI1, cllH)),orOJILCTll,Y10T 0 TOM, 'lTO TOprODJ1H ue.racs npn JIOCPO)];H nQeCTBO 3anaJl:HO-IIOIlT HH:CI,llX HYIJIWR. Oiur Hll0311.;:rll nrJIy6 h crpanu lIO TOJJLl{O pOMOCJJeH flLTe U3p;eJI11H, no H, r.ra BHhlM 06 pa30M, 1I pl1Be30HIILIo na C PO;'J,H30MIIOMO psu II 10/1-\1101'0 II P 11 'Ie pROMO p h/l DIlDO 11 Mac.;:ro.

II I B. )),0 H. a., crue aanoaro ;:1,0 n penpautomrn /l;aliIIH. H PU::IlCRYIO IIpOllHHlUlIO, ryna, uapany C KYIJua::l1U 3ulla;J,IIO-JIOHTHHCKUX rOpO;.I,OR, HUqU.iH nponnrcars prrvoxne HyllI"(bl, noponruo 1I3 npnnyuaiioknx ropO;IOH Meana, U HOflUJIJIaCh paanootipaaaan nponyxnna pU.\ICl{IIX PClI18C:WHIHUWll. 11 pH BTOM roppnropns pacrrpocrpanenun 11:VIIIOPTIILIX BOIUCii 3HalfIITOJIhHO ynernoraaacs. 13 TO pron.rm ouaaanuc [, BTHHYTLnl11 1'0 paano GOJIee 06111 IfPIILIe Teppl1TOpJlIT, CY)J.H no paiionaxr HaXO;::(OI\ I{:ra;J;OIl C pIIMCI\I1MH !>IOHeTaMI1 JI lIMIIOpTHhlMH JlIH.lL(lIH?Ta:\llI. Ocotieuuo 3aMOTIlO paunee UPOHHl{HOBeHIJO B ,il,uwuo PW\JCl{HX rouapon ua MaToplIa~IO IIOCOJIeHI'Il! THHOCY;r. Hecuorpa ua TO, 'ITO 3TO I10CO~ICHlfe yme IICpeCTmIO cvmecrnonarr, R cepe.trnre I B. H. 3., paCIWlIlUI. OOHa pyanwJI TaM MliomeCTBO H:lIIIOPTIIhIX piracsrrx Upe;(\1CTOB. CPOlW IJIIX OI.I.iIM: 6pOH30Jlhlii lWH;l;eJInOp 2, P II.UCKIli'r HUIW1JO'1 II 1:11\ IlOiKeu Mella, opIIUMeIITH pO na fIJI hi (I 11 POCTLIMU ro P 11:l011Ta:1 hllhlMII :I 11 11 HlIlI1l1, <,ppan18HTf.I CTOJ\.cIHl111hIX COCYfJ.OH, cp1l6y~ILI, IWpaMHl{a PIHtCRHX 1'JlIIOH [1 1. ;~. 3 Ilpu paCIWIIIW x p_a IUliic icuro J rocc.ieuaa B HOHHa n cnoe CepC;'I:l1Hhl I n. no H. 3. H nepuoii IlO~lOHl1Hbl I B. H. 3. naimcno omt i.ruoe IW.iIlllfCCTno PllMC Iwj;j UMllO pTlloir fWPUMIIJ{l1 nMeCT() c HOpaMUl{oii MOCTllOrO II poiranoncrua, H3I"OTon:IeHHOM aa ronuapuoa npyre 4. MOIIeTLI M n~HlOpTIIl>1C ueuur I B. ;:(0 11.9.--1 n. H. 8. ofinapyaconsr 11 Il Ilrrrpa Poumo 5. lIOLlII;:I:lIMOMY, npOHI1R-

1 T. H. 1;.'1 a BUT (" "II H. ~'li1L!. cox, CTp. 1:)6 c.r.

~ «Darin», T. I, CTp. 21:i (':1.; nHn.'10l'll'IHbII1 I>1I1I;[E'.lflOp GI,W o61111pymcn B ],'rp'lIf n cunene 189,) r. Il .umrponau J ll(~I,O~1 CU. H. J> 0 C T () n II o n. AHTIIqH:ln )l;C1WPIITlJBH:ln jt;ll11onFiTh W1 rore POCCllIf. eno , IVl!i, CTp. 207, TaO;]. 60, 5).

3 «Dacia», T. I, CTp. 200 C;J.

4 It. V \I I p e. Fou illos de Poiana, CTp. 253 c.r.; SC IV, " 1\)51, crp. 177 C:I. S C. n n i (~O v i (' ill. Cot at ea dar icf de la Pial ra Hosie, CTp. 137 C;J,

31

'r ,.-

aosenae IlHMCKlfx MOllOT If TOBapOB na TeppMTopMIO ,L~aJUm Ohl;10

CDH3aHO C paCIlJIfpOHI1C~1 rOTO-JlaRI1HCIWH TOprOBJIM c pMMJUIIIaMII. 3epHODLle H:'vlbl, uaii:WHHLIO n Tuuocy.re, CBI1;J;OTeJIbCTHYIOT 0 cxonJIeHHH y HUCC:TOHUH ~lOI)lIOHf>IX aauacon, IWTOPhlC ono, BepOHTIIO, II nponana.ro IHIl\1CIUHl I\Y111laM. Hano MMOTL B BJIIAY, 4TO 06MeH Meil\i'.(y Aar,aMI! If IJHMC1,IIMM I\yIIIWMlf Olrl:T ;1.a:101>O IIO PUBHOI[OHeH. 3a HLIB0311Mhle H:l ;~aI\Hlf 3CP1l0, paOOB 11 npyrne oorUTCTBa PllM.rIHHe llPIIC' bma:m II pC;.I,MeTLI POCIWIllll Jf;J 11 MOHCTbl, xoropsre BpH,:( :TM eOOTBeTCTIlOllu;rIlI pca.u.uuii CTOUMOCTU flo;rrY4UOMhIX J1MH OT ,:(UI\()B TOBUpOlll.

EO:IbillOO Iw;rrWleCTBO MOIlCTlfhlX I,;IU;(OB 1 H. ;lO If. ;).-1 H.

H. a., IW.i'I;J.OHIIhIX ua TOppllTOIHllI ,J,aJUIH, cnn.rcrc.u.c'ruyer He TOJlbRO 0 noeIlIILIX onaCIIOCTHX T()rO upeucuu, 110 11 () C~IUOOCTJl ronapuoro OOpamOIlJlH, icor.ta I(OIlLrH, IJ ifaUliOM cnyuao cepotipHHaH MOlleTU, CJ\UlIJll1Ba:IIICb U PYI,:aX OT;(O,'lhHlrIX .:lUI[ II rrponpamaauci, I1MI! II COHpOBllIUa. :_hll coupo muua Y"U;3J,JlJaJOT na npoH3UO)J:CTBO ilUI\u~11I ;Hla4IlTO.'lhUOI'O 1130hIT1i:a Jl(rrpCOJrre:lf,CRHX CTOII~IOCTCrl II BMOCTO c TOl\1 na lIO;mU'II1TOa hnyJO cute J)(l,l L OOMORH Jl XO<lHMCTBO, paC("IHTaIIHOM na ynon.rernopeiuro "p04HO YCTalIo11MBillOrOCIT npyra 1I0TPCOHOCTOH 2.

I1:lY4aH naxozunr PJD1CRJ1X MOlleT B /l,al\H 11, 10. B I1l1lwep IIpllXOJ(lfT R DLIBO,lY, 'ITO B uepnort 1 H. .ro H. 0.-1 B. II. J. HanOOJIee aKOHOMl1lJeCRH IIpOIlBCnlIOllUfM paiioaov 6LI:r oaccoiiH p. Mypom. 3aTcM C;Je;IOnU~!1I puiioHhI EaHaT, O:neHIIH, MYUTOHHH If MOJI;(aBfHL Hnrepccuu IIIHIBO;(IL\1f>le elO ;~UHHbIO 0 npexren n 3apbITI1J1 K'la;1.01l C PHMCI\lL\fH MOHeTaMH. I1HTh HaHoo~loe nponuux K;la;IOB, OTI{PhlThlX ;:(0 nacronmoro npoMeHH, Ohl."'111 3aplrITLI B rpor sea neCHTllJIOTI1If 1 B. J(O H. a, 1\ lJeTBopTo.VIY ;..r:eCHTI1'lOTlIIO OTHOCflTCH ;:(Ba xnana, R nnrowy - nrrrs, J\ mccroay - nocea s. R CO;:I:hMOMY - JIHTh, nochMoMY - O;VIH II ;rOHlJTOMY - TpH J\JIa;1.a. HI1 n OJ1:110M Y13 nocaeayro IIHfX .uocHTI1JIeTHii cnenyrontcro CTO;r[eTlIH 'II1C;1O 3aphIThIX J\JIa;(OB He npenuruano ;J;B)'X 3. Bcoro B AaI{l1I1 HaH;:r;cHo 20 TblCH4 MOIICT, 113 ROTOPblX 1l0'ITlf nee CCPOOPHHbIe. l1pll oTOM nne KJW;WB 6hJJIO naiinouo TO.:lhKO 112 MOHOT 4. ,I:(aHnsre, npMBO:JUML1e 1O. BHHKJIOP, TamlM OOPU;lOM rrO;J,TneplK.L(aIOT cnenaaaue HaMIl IIfrIBO)lLI 0 c;rra6oM pa3BI1TI11I ;(OHeiI\HOrO ofipaI118HIIIT cpenn ;J;alUIHelmx IlJIeMeH n cTpeM:leHIHl, OCOOOHHO n rrepBhlH nepnon pUCJ~BOTa ropronux cBH3ei:j: c pHM;rHIJIaMlf, upeapaurarr, nOJlY4eHIIbIe MOHeTbl B COI,pODllIl(a, KOTOPbIe np'" nacrynJIeHMI1 spar-on MJIM B Apyrl1e onacmre MlfH~'T"1 :JaKU 3apbIBUJllJ B 3e~lmo.

1 r. \V ink l e r. YKa3. CO'I., crp. 1.'):1.

2 06 otipaaonanan COKPOBlflU B HUqa:JLHJ.lll [JcPHO.ll rosapaoro 06pamellHR

CM. H. !\<l a P K C II <7>. ;) H r o Jl s «. Co'! .. T. XVII, CTp. 145.

3 J. Win k I e r. ¥Wl:J. cox., CTp. 15:i-15G.

, Ta~1 1f(e, crp, 15:~.

32

Hecuorpa ua pa3BHTlIe TOprOBJIH C PHMC1,1I:\1 H aJIJIHHII(CTU'lOCEnD! ~mpOM, BJIUllUUe PlIMCIWiI 11 3JIJII1HHCTI1'10CROH RyJIbTypLI, nOBII;T,U:\lOMY, He nponnxano f::rYOORO B OLIT MOCTII01'O HaCeJIeUI1J1 ):(O-PHMCIWii TJ;amUf. H ce.n.cxoe X03llrlCTBO 11 POMCCJTO npono.tJI\aJIlI pa3BI1BaT r.cn CBOHMH nYTHMI1. II pn:\leUOH 110 ;t:al\aMH HeROTOPLIX YCOBoprneHCTBOBUUHhlX opy;J:Hii TpY;J:a, RaE" Hanp"MOp, FReJIe3HLIX opymrii JlP0l13 BO;J:CT na II, B lJaCTHOCTU, mO~J03HOrO nnyra, a rarcuc rOH 'Ia puoro I,P yra Ua'Ia:IOCI, 3IIa'IHTOJIhllO pa nsme II, nOB I1;a: U:\lOMy , oe3 uenocpeacmennoro pHMCRoro n~IHHHlm. ¥ norpe6J1enlTo ll:al,al\UT py'lnOM MO;ILHI1J~LI PUMCIWl'O otipaana oruoCHTCH auto I{ py6ei"y namoii apLI. TOJlhI\O B auoxy ,Il;e~e6aJIu, npanaeuamnero n Amuno PI1MCl{lIX po:\wc;relIIIIIIwB paanuulIhIX cncmransnocroii 1, C ~O;II,IO pa;JBHTIiH :\IOCTHoro pexrecna, B:IHflHIIe pmlclwii TOXIIHTUI II MaTopna:lblIOii RyJILTypLI J(O;liIWO f)hI;ro IIOCIW:II,I{O rJly6/1w lIpOHlIHHyTh B obiT MOCTHoro Haec';IOIIHfI .

Jlp Hl'.IeHOHUe HOBhIX TeXHI1'IOC1{JlX rrpl1CMOB CIlOCOOCTBOBa:IO pa3BllTIlI0 MeCTllOfO )J,aIa!:iiCl;.oro poxecna II noaumano ypOBOHh npo na BO;J:tlTOJI 1.11 hIX crnr. HOe;rO,l.IIOO YMOHLma.1:0 pa;IIIHUY Jl CTonOIlIf xynr.r ypnoro paanrrmu l~alu!l1 J1 eOCC;\IInX paOOBJIa;..(o;rh'IeCI{l1X rOCY;J:upCTll, TUI''' 'ITO ropronue R Hy,lbTypHhle CRH311 C COCO;'{IHlMU rocynaporuaxu HO ymIlJTOma;rrU MeeTIIoii: ;:J;aI{ullCRoii: HyJIhTYPhI, ao YCRopH;r1I oe paaBIITVlO. C npyroii CTOPOllLI, paaunrne TOprOBJHl YCHOPfI;1O npouecc COI~fla;!IbHo~i: ).(ll\fl<i>CPOl-IU\'I al{IUl ofimecrna 11 cnocoticrnouano OLlCT poiimcay pa3JIOiI,eHlIIO lIepBOObITHo-06~HHHOI'O crpon.

BepOfITHO, I~ I B. ;_l.O H. 3. Il;Io~tclla rOTOR H J{awm yme naxo;I;IIJlIICL na CTa;xVlU paa.roarcuun ponouncacunoro CTPOf[ n B03- IIITImOBOmHI rcnacconoro OOIl\oCTIlU; OHn lIepeiKHBaJIH rare Ila3LIBUOMj'IO CTa;:J;U!O BOOllHOii ;{OMOl,panBI, Iwr;1;a nciina 11 opr-aurtaaIIIf}I ):{:IH noiiflLI CTallOBHTCH HopMa;rhHbIMH <PYHIUJ;HHMH HapO;:J:lIoii if\n:lHH 2. l-IO;:J,apOM p"MCIure nHCaTO;}J( nOCTOllHIIO nonscpIUlI.lalOT llX 130UHCTllOHllOCTh K Tal, 'IaCTh! ynoMllIIUlIUH 06 HX BoeUHbIX CTommOBOHl\fIX C pIIMJIHHaMH. 8TO ObI,I II op 110,'l , IW!'l:W coroa P0;J:CTBOHHLIX TI;]e:\lOIl CTa;} HaCTOHTOJlhRoii: I1COOXO;t:IIMOeThlO. BOT 1l0'ICMY pU:\1eIUfe mrcarcau He ncerna pa3)1;t)JlHIOT ;::I:alWB u rOTOIl. A ;~HOII Iiaccuii naorrta 1I0;T,MCHHCT naananae OJl;II01'0 napona ;a:pyrIIM; rare, aanpnxep , ronopa 06 af\Clle;:I;H~Ull Mapna l\paeca, on caaxana I'OBOPl1T, 'ITO TOT OLm OTIIpall::reH npOTII(R .J:al\OB 3, a aarexi, cootimaa 06 OlWH'IaHHH ::mcne;:J;IUI;I'Il1, aaxe-raer: «TaHOUbI OLl;Ul nona H pacca y reroa- 4. B auoxy BOOHHoi! ;'l0- MORpaTl1II CTaHOI:lIITCfI IICOOXO;(HMhIM He TO::rI,IW COI03, no namo

1 Casso D io, LXVII, 7, It.

2 1\. \1 a p he If (1). a H r e:l }, C • C04., T. XVf, q. 1, CTp. 13!l. 3 Casso n i o , LI. :2:\ 2.

4 Tin! a(l', LI, :20, G. '

3 H. T HPYl".'H1WBa

33

CMemeHMO pO;(CTneHHLIX nnexteu n TO'\-I caMblM «CJHllIlIlO ornensHblX lIJlC:-'IelIHhlX TeppllTOpllH: n O;:J:Hy OGlI~yIO TeppIlTOpmO ncero BapO;(a. Boenasan suan napona - rex, haaileus, thiudans - CTanoBl1TCB. 1I006XO,'l.lIMblM, uocronnusm ,L(OJIIIWOCTIIhLVl JIIIl(mVi 1.filUBHyro pocn, n aroxt eOIQ30 Ha'IIIIIaOT in-parr, Huu6o:lee CU .. lbIJOO Jt:le:v.tB; 0110 naer Ha;IHaJfJ10 nCOMY COI03Y, ero llom;;:J:h 3aXSUThIBaeT BOPXOBH)IO nJIaCTb. '1'a1\, BOPOHTHO, Obl:1O )[ n ;_(aHHOM cay-rae, JlPUqO:li 11 pe06:WllallllO JlOJIY'laJIH TO reru , TO pO;J.CTBeHllhIO liM ;;:J:aIUI.

CTpa60H JlUrnOT, 'lTO rOT DlIpe611CTa B TO'lOlIHe HOMHOrJlX ;IOT oGpa3011aJI nenm«:o u;apCTBO U llO,'l.'lHIIUJl KJaCTH reron OO;lbmyro 'lUCTb COCOJl,IJIlX lI:IOMOII 2. I30(lI'JIaKIl1())'JhIO UM reT!.1 uaua):(a:IU lIU rpO'IOC]\lIC ropona CenepIIOI'O IJ PUIIOPHOMOPb/1, lIO;(IlCPr;!U jI\eCTO«O:\IY pa3rpoMy u;norYll(Hii: ropoa O.ilblHUO. 11x nocroHIIIIbIe nanancnan If rpu6ea\1I nanorm.nr Yj-lWC na il\l1TOJIcii rqlHMOPCI,JiIX roponon, 'ITO namno orpaa.euue n rurci.nax Oml,'l.I1H, JHI1nmOrO B Toxrax. ~;IH noiinu 11 rpaOl1TC:IbCIUIX 1I0XO;J.Oll C():\J(aIOTea BOOIlIlbIO COI03],[ lIJ1CMOll, nOn'IUHllBIIlllXCH OJl,I10:11Y BOj-J,;UO. IhwHIIO Talnl:\I OO'Lel(HIJeIll1eM If 6hT;I COI03 W1e.\lCH, noarciannue?\ILl ii 1) II poolJCToii 3, xoropuii, 110 CnTl;.toTe:IhCTIlY Crpariona. OW! JIl1IIlOH icracru lIeIWTOpblMlI IlOCCTaBlJIH:lIIf npotnn uero ;:wu;a.\1H, a oro lIpeo'\IIIIlI,U pa3,L(OJIHJII1 crpany na WITh 'HlCToji. Il p» ;)TOM CTpaOOI! UplI6aB:JflOT, 'lTO «,:LOJIO Hltn: reron B PU311LIO npexieua Ohl:m nom.re Jf OIIPO;W:JHJIlICb OOCTOHTCJIbCTnUMII», 1I0;J;Tlleprt,;_(UH, Tal,liM oripaaox, Cyj[~OCTBOJlaIIHe MHorMX uoenuux COI030Jl, B IWTOPbIO nXO;J,IWM He ncerna O,'1;HH II TO me 1I.'10MeHa I1l\oTOphIC pacnanacurcs, eCJIU IIC'I03a;la B IlIIX neofixormaoc.n., HOrrpOqHOCTh 3THX COlO30B II HC;.(O:Il'OBO'lHOCT b BCIaCTH llX nepxonaoro nomJl,fI 06'LflCHllIOTC/1, 1l0BlI)J;H:-'1O~ly, TeM, 'ITO y naxon, nopOBTHO, Tal, 11>:0 I'11r, J! y roron, n Ha4aJ10 1 n. orne ObJJIIf C.HJIbIlhl pononsie OOIU;IlJlbI. 0 cymccrnoBaHIfI1 IlX Y rOTO)! 1I1Oil\HO CY:UITl. na ocnouaumr cnon I'opamra: « ... i1mnYT 1I J(rfJWO rorta, lWTOPhlM nepaaxeacenanru.te Y'1aCTI,ll 30:\IJIJI (immelat a i ugoru) IIJHIIIO(,HT OOlJl110 11:IOiIbI H XJIC6 (liberas). HURTO HO otipafia'n.ruaer 30:l1ilIO Go.reo r-ona, a xorna , HOIWII'Il1n C rpynaun, OT,'I,hIXaeT 0;~11H, ;.tpyroiI crUnOHIITCll e:\ry ua CMOHY» 4.

o crpoe ;J:alWIl IIa.\1 ,L(aOT npencranxernre HOCHIp (DJanuil, cpanuanaromnii IlX C uYllc[ICI\oii: pC;'IIIrU03Hoii: cexroir eceen, JIumrmrx 061O:HIIu~m II !I.\1OBnmx OOlllYJO COOeTBOHIlOCTh 6. CoxpaneH0:eM P0iJ:OTTJW:l1eIlHOro CTPO}! y rcro-naruriicrcux U;WMOH n naxane

1 h. ~I a p Ii C H <1">. ;1 H r e cr b c. CO'!., T. XVI, 'J. 1, crp. 139. 2 Strabo, VIl, 3,11.

3 J\. /"{HHIWBlIlJllY C'IHTaeT, 'ITO nprr r;lfpe6HCT(~ Y .1m-WB ('ymecTBOBaJIO yme ~eHTpaJIH30BaIIHOC rocynapcrno (C. D a i C 0 vic i u, Cotatea dacica de Ja Piatra Hosie, CTp. 144).

4 II 0 r., Carmina, Il l, 24. 5 los .• Ant., 18. 15.

34

I B., B03MOif\H0, OO'hHCHHCTCrr pacuan COI03a, C03,i~aHIIOrO Bl1pCOIICTOll. B CIHl311 C annl llpCACTaB.:JHCT l1HTepCC IIUXO)JJ,a B TpauCIIJIbnamU1 B paiioue ~aIU1iicl"1X 1,pOIIOCTeu 30JIOTI.IX CTaTopOB C I1McneM napa nOTlICa, CLlHa Iinpefiacrsr (1\0';(0)'1), 'lCI,anCHllhIX B 30-24 rr. AO TI. a. 1, ]WTOPhlC CBll;_(OTeJIhCTBYJOT 0 crpex.renua I\OTIlea ]~OHTpaJ]1!30BaTh Jl;raCTJ" :wopan, n CDOM pYI-aI 'lCJ\aHl\y MOHOTLl - OAIlY 11::3 upcpoiarun rocyaapcrnomroii llJIaCTM. h"PUTlWBPC!.IOHIlOCTL 'leJ\UHHH 11M ~roHOT, BMeCTC C TOM, nnnaercn O~HllM H3 IlOl\THepil\~CHHji Te3IICa 0 TOM, 'lTO IlonLITI,a HOTJICa ObIJIa npCiR)J;cnp01vIeJIHOH, TUR HaH COI~J1aJIbHO-3I\oHOMI1'ICCHl1e II pe.rIIOCLIJ]WI p;.'1Jl B03HI1KHOnClIl1}1 rO(',),AapCTBa B TO npcxn eme no cospena.

13 ,)flOXY AnrYCTR I,OUJIIII~Hfl 0(1)e~HHH,Ia ](0;ILI1i pnn paa.muHLIX naKniicHlIX Jl:IC:'Wll, P0;J:CTBClIIlbIX MCil\;IY cotioii, HO Clue H ana lfHTC:1 LIIOii MCpC Ca~lOCT()HTO;rLlll.IX. Tmc, n CS gcst ae d ivi August! 1'0BOPflT 0 ilUIWiicl\lIX HUp0LJ:aX BO J\1I!Oil,CCTBOllllml uncne 2 (-;&., .:b:x(7i'l S'{J'IY,), 1\ CHOTOlll1.ii C00611WOT () TpCX WITWi1ClOIX BOiI\nnx, YIll1'lTOiIWlJlll,IX Amycroa uxrecrc e IIX noiicuaxnt 3.

Cy;U! no nanr-pofiaori lIa;UH1CII TJ[OOPI1H IL[[IBTJ1H Cnasnaua 0JlltallU, IIJ)11 nxnrcparope HOjJOHO eYIHocTBOnaJIO nocnozn.no naKI1iicI01X BOilqcii H:llf napeii (rcgcs Dacorum) 4. II OBI1;I.111\10MY , n <lTO BpO~111 COlO:! 3a;I~'JlaiIChUx nctcxen pUClJaJJCfl, n ILmllTll:H CI1:ILBUH upuxrcuncr }!;\,nOO;JOllHLlii: pJ1MJJH lJa~1H ;J:11I1J]OMUTlI'ICCJ01ii Ilplle:'l «pa;.qeJJHll 11 nnacrnyii»: BOiH~HM fiacra pHOB, pOl\CO.TIaHOB II l\aIWR Oll B03BpamaCT UX PO}lCTBeHHIIKon, (<B3HThIX B nneu 11:IH OTUI1TbIX Y nparon», U npyrue lI;leMClIa OU IlOOCJJ\;'1:aCT opyIiWCM; 'IaCTh ImC!'.lOlI, iwmmnx na :lClloii CTOPOlIO AYliarr, OH UOpOCCJ1lJeT B Mearrro «i-lJIH YIIJIaTbl i-laUlJ».

1I03;:J:Hce, npn ,UC1loGa,lO, BHOBb oopU30naJIOCh icpynnoe 06'1>e;l,ImOHl1C, n icoropoe nxomonr HC TO;;]LIW reTO-;laH:111IcJ\I10, HO, no nceii BOPOHTIIOCTH, 1-'1 OT'laCTM capMaTCW10 If';]O~leIIU. n pcnmcCTBClllllllWM ,LJ;Cl(OOaJIa OLm ,u: uypnancii , uoroporo OTOmeCTBJIlIIOT TUmI{e C HelUTM <il\UpeM» .n.ypacoM, flIWOJ,I nofipouoa r.no orpeu- 1lI11~IC}1 OT BJlaCTH n J[OJlb3Y ,iJ.elleoa;w, 0 <JOM ynO:'>ll1J1UCT HOJICTaH'fHH Barpurroponnuri, ncnamunii 113B:I8'lOHJfH 113 ,Il)1OHU Kaccaa 5. Beponrno, B :)TI1X CBU;(CTeJIbCTnUX namen orpaarcnne nponecc rrOCTelIOIIHoro OO'1>e~IlIlOIIHH ilaI\l1iicI01X IIJIC2I<IeH, IWl';J:a nepxonHYIO DJIaCTb aaxnarraaaer nOiI\J[T, HanOOZleo ClIlJILHOrO JIJIeMeHII; D q,aJne me OTPO'ICHl1}l naps )~ypaca OT BJIaCTJI, MomeT 6JJTb,

1 L. n u z i c k a. Die Frage der dacischon Miinzon. «Bulotinul Societat.ii

Numismnt icn Jtornanc», XVII, 1922, .1\"2 41-42, CTp. 11-14. 2 «Hos gestae divi Augusti», ra. 30.

3 S 11 o L., A11gllStUS, r.-i. 21.

4 eTL, X IV, ;~608: <' ••• rogibus Bastarnarum et R hoxolanorum filios, Dacorum fratrum «aptos ant host ibus oroptos rcmisit. .. »

6 ens s. J) i 0, LX VlI, 6, 1.

s'"

35

npaBJI,[bHO 6 Y;:J;c r YCMOT pOT J, OTl'O;lOcmJ 60 ph6bI aa IlCpXOBHyro BJIaCTb.

H 0 noo OO'be;(HUelIll0 na I{M ilCIW X IIJIO:\lC II, C03;(U 1I1I00 l.( 0 ue- 6UJIOM, OT:rHqaJIOCh 110 cuooii IIJH1POAC OT COIO:la IlJICMOU, BO rJIaBO IWTOpOrO CTOn:r B I1pCOHCTH. llOCJTC.'l.HHii D031':ranJTH:I noon HhIll COI03, llO.1HHIW[1II1 C ue.ism orpafiaeuun COCC;T;lIllX napo.ron. CO[03bI IIJle:\lOH rasoro ruua xapaxropuu ll.:W 3IIOXH paanoatcnnn pO;T;Onoro CTpOlI. gel(06a:I ifW, 1I0BH;(M:\WMy, CTOll:! lIO r.rane ropaano OOJIeo xpeunoro 00l,OAI1IlCIlHll, rrpuomIlfWI01uerOCH rro cnoeuy xaparcrepy 1\ rOCYll.apCTBeUHOMY ofipaaonanmc, qTO CROIWTBCIIHO yn\O 6o;;me H['ICOIWii cryneua paasaran otiniccrna, Iwr;.(a OlIO CTaJIO pa3';(CJWTh(;H ua pa3JII!QHble couaa.n.nsre Ima(~CLI II J1MYIl(eCTBCIlaan nepxyinrca OOU(CCTBH, 3aXBaTI1BmaH II cnou pyKH OOJIbmyro 'laCTb ooraTCTR, HarpaO:JOUlIhIX y cocc.ruax napouon 11 y 3al{a- 6aJICIfHOrO HaCC.loIIII II, Hya,;-,;a,lIaCb n rocy.ta pcrnc, IWI, oprUIIC, oxpaHHBIIlOM 00 rrpana. COI(IW:lbIIoe PUCC;JOClIIIC nnyrpn narcuiiCWIK I1.18MeH C03j(UBa:TO UP()j"(IJOCJ,T,7[f~H, HOOGXO)lI1MhlC ll.J1H B03- mnmOBOHI1H rocynapcr aa, n03ToMY BOIf\~b Ha1100J10e CMJJbHOrO 8:3 ;~al\MirCI'HX IWO~10lf, ra.raur.nauuii II YMHhlii ,J;eI(80aJI, Cy.\1CJI no.n;qITHJilTb cefie ocransnue nneveua H ncrar s BO rnane aroro nonoro 06'b8L(ITlIeIfITlI, aaxnarun enHIIOJIIIQHYIO uaacr s. 11 rre cay'ml~[IIO IIo:rI1TJIRa .J:0I(e6aJIa C I1JIhHO OTJlIIlfaeTCH OT IIOJIHTHRI! BI1pe6HCTbI.

OIl I1e CTpeMHTCH I, orpa6,IOIII1[0 fiorarrax rpOQCCmlX ropo.tou lora, no HII(eT C0103a C COCOJ1:HlIMI1 nJIeMcnaMH, crapanct, yrcpeIIJilTb C03;xaIIHoo 11M 06'L0;(I1HOHUe H YCMJlIlTb ClIOIO llOOJIHYIO, IIO CYll(OCTBY, B;,tIaCTf> , nponparan co II ira pCI\yJO. ,I1;Ci1CTBI1TO.-l hHO, QaCTh capMaTCI,11X IIJlOMeII .n;el~e6uJly Yil:a:rocb BOB:W'lb B CIlOH COTOS: capMaTCIOIC RcaLl,Hl1lUI B lJ.OmyHQaThIX naartupax (puc. 0) cpamanncr, ua CTOPOIlO natcon npornu ROWCJ\ TpUHHa II HB.1:1I:II[Cb copscanuan npornnnurcaxa PllMJIHH (OIllI HOOJJ:IIOI,paTIIO 11306paa;a:Il1cJ, Ha pem,c4>ax HOJIOUHhI 'I'panua). Ho CTPOM;lClHlO gCJlOOU.1a 1(OIITpaJll130naTb ynpanJIOJHW II YClIJIIlTb CHOlO nnacrr, BCTPCTUJIO eOllpOTIIRJIellHC co CTOPOIIbI pO;(Orr'Ie.\1CIIHOil nepxyuncu. COOOll{('HHO ll;Mona Haccua 0 nopexono xacru narcon na L,TOPOIlY TpaHIIU CllIt;(OTC;rJLeTIlYOT 0 TOM, QTO IlIIyTpU iJ:aIOlHCIHIX IWO:\1CH 1(0 GhlJlO enancrna. CUCHa ncporonopon JlpO;(CTaIlUTeJlci1: ponouoii apHCTOI'}lUTHIl «pi leuti» C PMMCIUIM I1MUepaTopmf 1l.106pUIIWHa na pe.1:bC<puX ROJIOIIHbl 'I'paana, flOnI1i1.I1MO:\lY, a pncrorcparuseCHaH naprun II C13001I OOPboe UpOTlIB YCI1JIIiBUmuei1:CH napcsou 1l.'IaCTIf ,I1;oJ~ooa:ra nenana nOi(Xl:0Pil\I\11 B Pnue. BepOlITJIO, 06 aTOM iKe CDJlll.OTC:IJ,(;TBYOT 11 C006II~C1I110 A nona h'uccnH, '-ITO IIpl1 nCTyn;IOHlfH Tpasrra D ,il;aRlllO OnO:rO 'l'aua 1\ HOMY npHIIIJIO 1l0- com,CTBO OT Hacc:rHIlIIIMX )~am1l0 n:IO~lCH. Bapnap npmroo 0["POMHhlH rpafi, ua JWTOpOM JIaTHHCIWMJI GYRBaMI1 or.r;r!O HaIIIlcaHO IlpeJ(OrTCpOmCHlIO P HM.' fIHUM: rrpoxue COI03HIH\1f 11 6YPPhl (iA),Q~

36

-rs ";(0V (j\):J.(J.rX;(<U'1 x.c.< ~ ~o0fPo~) 1I06YIf'JI.aJIII Tpanaa ncpnyri.ca H 3aKJIIO'IRTb Mlip 1. Bee 31'0 noxaasruaor-, 'ITO C03J1,UHHOe ,I1;en;e- 6aJIOM uflJ,e;'VlHeHl10 61>1:10 OIU;O IIO,J;OCTaTOl{HO npO'IlIbIM.

Ha TOppHTOpHII 6YAylI~Oj:j PllMCIWH JlPOBHHTUlli l~amm cymeCTBOnaJIlf HO TOJILHO paaanunsre nacxona, 00l,eJl.HHOIlHLIO )~almHcxnxr nOmJ(OM, lIO If PU3'lH'IHI>1O COH(faJlhIIhlO C:IOM, nporunope'IHR ;\!C;lqy HOTOPLIMll OO:WPIll:JlI aanocuanne ,IJ;al,uH PIIMJIR-

Puc. 9. Pe.'Iheq,fd IW:JOIIHLl Tp3111TU. ,n:am1:i1crmc nOllJILI If 11,\ COl03J1lUm capaarcxac IWHlHflm.

HaMIL 8TO lfO:JOfIWIIIle norrrnepzanaorcn CDlll(OTOJlbCTROM Il ioneMC'H, IJOpO'I11(,J1.mOU~l'r() nnouanuars n.:J8MClf, HUCOJIIIBilll1X .Il,amuo: «CU)'IYIO COUOplIylO 'WCTJ, lI.awlH, ocrur IIIl'JaTh C aauana, naceJUIIOT arrapria, reypncrca 11 lWCT06omr. Jhmw IIX - IIpeJ(anOH- 31III, lIaTaI\CII3HI1 II l\oT01l3IIM; OIl(O IIHJl\C 8TMX - um,60I,eIl3IIH, IIoTy;ruTOH311l1 }[ COII3I1U; B Ca;\lOH lOiI\HOl' 'JaCTJ1 IU1JHO 3TJIXCaJ1bl(OIl3H1f, Herral,M3f,I II IIIwqJllnV) 2. IIaJIH'fHo ;\IIIOrI1X naxn iiCKIIX 1l.1CMOH J1 pU3.1It'IHLIX C()JUla~IhIIbIX CJ10CU uuyrpn HIIX nonTBCPilC(UCTCH raroao anazmnox OapOJJhO(POB lWJIOUUTd Tpaana, llOCIIP0I1:JIlO;1;HIHI1X IlOPOJI. JIa~fl1 l\aJJTJIIlY J(ulOriiclO1X BOHR IIMlIOparopa TpUHHa. ~~alm TaM H300paillClILI n pU:Hloo6pa3HOM OJl,C,Hi1:0 Me pa:1:JI1'IIlT.J.\{ lloopy;r,oHlfoM (HUPT. 31, 37, 38, 64, 151 H T. ;0:.) 3. COBCPIllCHlfO pUaJ1HTJIlhl o;1;om;:r;u H nHeIIIJIl1ii DI1)~ sapnapou,

1 Cas s D i 0, LX VII I, 8, 1. Beponrno, naaaaaae ropona BYPPH,IWBa HU p. Ocrre B BU:r3XHH JlP0I!:lOlIl:IO OT MMeJIII aroro rrneaeaa 6YPPOB.

2 P t 0 1. Geogr. III, 8, :3.

3 C. C i C II 0 I' j U ~ Yli:la Hil;(IlJlHC.

117

H300pamCHHfdX ua naMHTHIII<e na '\;ta,m.IHCCH 1. II a'i '1 2, ocnouunaxct, na l1:106pamCHHfIX IW.!OHIH.T Tpanna (xapr. 131 If 152), ~OJ\a3blllaOT, '110 11 Tpancn.n.uamru PH,(OM C .raua \III iRH.llI CHll.pbl-al a.pupCLI, hOTopr.le, UCCMOTPH na HX accaxaanuuro )J.al{aMU, COXpaHItJUf cnoootipaaao CROIn: IOJIOD1:11dX ) oopon (HOHl:I1JeCHHH CllJJl()1Il0HllI,1ii llJ.I(,M C JJ;ymHuMlI u naoopO,tH1mO:'d) H ifUlJlllllta, OT:JI1'HlI,W OT ;\armHCIHlX. On npWlJO,l)IT na.mncn,

•••

. - A r'

Puc 10 Pl·.lbetVld 1\0.1011111,1 Fpnnna. Cncna OOII (<llmD c pmulII- 1l8ll:II

npoucvo.unrtao H3 PI-ma, OcnIII, a<pPI1I\aw J"PC roponon, :1) rnyna :Ii ...lPYl IlX MoeT, UBTOpi>I IWTOPblX, oo,rLmoll lJaCTJ.IO jldGhl, uo.rsHOOTnYII{ClTIllnnI II I1X ITOTOMWI, naasruaror co6a arUTlfp( 3;\111.

Ha pC:Tbeq)aX IWllOIIHhr HCrrO aaMCTIIO TaJmW pa3~e."1eHJ!C naHOD rra .marnux , I10CIIDwnX aa ro.rouax DOr1.IIO'IHI.Je mauun, II rrpo('1uif napon - (<BOllOCan,1 '0> , C nenorcpuroii rOJl0130M, 'ITO no.i- 1Bepili;l.aeTrn 11 .n.aUIILUUl ,D;110IIa Ivaccnn 3. B MaCCOIlIJX l'ILOnaX

lOB (' II n do r f, G 1'1 j em a II n, Gr. Toe i l o 'l C 0 Das MOIIUlllcnt von Adarnkhss: \Vlell, 1895.

a C p ,I t S c h Ocr' Kampf urn den Donauraum unler Domrtian und Trajun, erp 122-127

3 C 11 S 9 D i 0, LX VI II, 9, 1: [(enei)a.1 ornpasazr noc:m~m He eaoaocarsrx», I<al( paasuro, a 3 HurULlX , «HOCHll1I1X uraurm »

fiR

(<IIOCllDliHIC marnun C()CTUB.iIHIOT MCTIbllHIJICTBO; oirn HilOOpamaJOTCH ()6LTQHO ua ncpCJI,UCM nnanc, ux nocuaator i{,llI noperouopou K TpUHUY (xapr. 118, 141 Jl ;:J:P; pnc 11 If 1:2) npn rtopaacemnr JI.aRl1nCIlOrO noiicxa oua l\Oll'I!lIOT ca\lI)yollilCTBOM (xapr. 120; pRC. 13). Tam1M o6pa30M, nx HI.I;lalOlllarrCfI pO.;lI. 3R~teTUO nonsepxu uacrcn 1. BCPOllTHO, aro 61.1;]11 uOJl\;:J:n 1I.'JC.\1CR, II0il:QnHilBnnreca ,IJ;cIlCOa.iIY, J,aR nep:\oBJI0'\1Y llom;1I0, 11 npyrne npencraIHlTe;JU PO).J:Oll.TICl\1CllHOii a PIlCTOltf!aTlI H.

Pac, 11. Pe:lbC(pLl icononur.r Tpauna. ;~aJ\lIiir"me 1l0l:nhl y Plnt:IHH.

I\O:\l\ICnnlpyn PC;lhCtPIJ IW.:1011Hhl 'I'parnra, J~HXOPIlYC 2 aa- 3hlBaCT ;(a1\a.\ll1 napnapou, 11306pameHlfhlX npJlUeTCTDYIOIUHMH Tpanua II npncYTcTnYTOIIlIIMu HIm mcpTBonprUIOmCHrm. ,I1;eiiCTDJITCJlbRO, OJI:CiT\,'J;bI iI\cIIJT~IIH, nereii Jf lIly",IHIII O'lCIIL noxoxnr na ;LJ;aTmliCHl1e, II noaaonnro, QTO sneer, H306pamcHI,I npcJ{crUBlITOJIH JI.aJ{IIHCKITX IlJICMCII, ucpomennnrx na cropony 'I'paurra l~110TI l\aCCJ1I1 Tome coorimaor , '!TO xrnoruo J(aRII llepCmJlIl na cropony PJLVla 3. Il crcoroprre n.;Je~ICIIa IlO)J;'fIfJUf:I)1Ch PmlY, )J;pyrrrc, CY;(H no pC:IJ,o(IJaM JWJlOHlf&I, lJORIUry;m CTpaHY, nax BaTH U C co60H: cewsu, CROT II nee IDIYU{eCTBO (napr 155) Hoene TIpeBpa~OIIIUI aanocnauaoti puxrmnaxnr Teppl1TOpJlII B nponaaumo /-(aloHo npo)J;O.'1maTOT cyrUOCTIJOBaTb nne ce rpanun C'.BOOU;(J!r.TC ;Wl-al (~&;I.()~

J no II T II H _\1 o p o nil fi IT an.'! II H rraaunaer «1I()('HII(lnm IUUllIm.) (pileati) mnTC'JCH ITOQCpCiI\hil ;\YIIilff, n,'1a}l;eBIIII1X ~fII0I'O'111 C.'WIIHhDIIf CTa)_(IlMII Obmon C'If n;U1. 1949,4. crp 2/19

2 eel C h 0 r IUS Texthand , IT OU'bffCHrHIIL'IWp'!' VUI. 3 C a 'i S )) J 0 , LXVllI, 11, 1.

39

7:P~(j0fO~) 1, n l]MCJIO ROTOPhlX nxozm.ur ],al, Te M3 ;(awdicRIIX naeMeH, uoropiae, ne mOJIalI 1I0:(lJIlHflThClI PJUmlIIIU~, ymJIM M3 npoBMHU;MlJ, rare H COCe;'l,HJ10, no aaaoonamn,ro pII~'.:IHHaMH ceuepusre ;a:aRIIllCRlle lI~[e~ieIIU, nanpauop IWCT060Inr.

,n:aH OOJIoe no.moii xaprunsr 6LITa ilaRI1r'ClOIX ll.:IOMeH

B ] II lIalJUJIO II un. H. a. C.:IC''uyOT pacolOTpeTh nOCO:lemIH, c'rponrem.noe MCI,YCCTllO narcou, lIX jI\H~lInna, pcauruosauo 06- PH,ULI, },Y.:ILThI H T. .t. Marepnaa n::I}[ ;JTOl () ;J,aIOT apXL'IJ.:IOT'H'IC'Cl\110

Pnc 12. Pe:u,epw jWnOHHhI Tpanna iJ,mw:i1clo1C 110C:Ihl Y pnu.rrm.

pacuonxu, npouonunmucca ua rcpparopnn Pyvuuan, U TaHIR!} pe.:Ihe!JlLI ROJlOIIlII.I Tpanaa 11 uaaurumca 113 An:al\m:mccH.

AIITlFIHLlO 1I11CaTe~1II c006II~a}OT 0 na.ursna Y rcron «] OPOi(OB», y,l\(' B HOHl(O IV B. :IO II 3. - nOUI1;:J;InlOMY, UBTOphI IIMeJIII D BtUY lie ropona, I,UJ-\ ueu rpst peuccaa II ro pronnu, a yupen_rCHIILIO lIOCOJIOHJW - ropo.nruia. Tal" IlO CHJ1;(()TO.:ILCTBY Appaana 2 l! C1 pafioua 3, Ancxcaunp .MUl\Cil.OIICI\lllf, nepcn pannnmacs B oG:W( Tb rerun, B3H.:I lIX ropon ('h r;6).~;), IWTOPhlii HaXOi-l:IIJICH na ccucpuoxr fiopery ,IlyuaH II JIOIW.:I113yeTclI ceiinac B 3JUUI11lJe (Zrmnicea) 4, r~() npOBO;'l,n:IYICb pacsomur B Hl18-1949 rr'. 11 6r.rJIII ofiua pyzr.emr YI,pCIlJleHIIH nropoa nOJIOBIIHL] IV n. no 1I. 8. 5. ,n:llO;IOP 6

1 Cas s D i 0, LXXII, 3, 3 IT LXXVIII, '27, 5. 2 A r r., Anab., 1, 4, 1-5.

3 S t r abo, VII, 3, 8.

4 M. 1\1 a ere a. Procosul sopararil orasului de sat la daci. «Studii ~l referate .. », 1954, CTp. 1'24.

5 SCIV, 1950, I, CTJ.!. 93 ca. anI 0 d., XXI, 12, 2.

40

coo6111aCT 0 rCTCI\OM repone fC.1HC ('H).I;), rue JII1CH~aX OJ,I.1 D3RT B IIJIeH ,Ll;POMHXOTOM. I'opon STOT cdilJaC ;:IOKU.ll1:3YiUT n JII1C]{YJI It p8aaHJ:I. If 3 nepCQI1C;JOHIlbIX II To;reMCCM COpOI\3 TpCX Ha3Bamtii: ,naIH1.H:eKIIX roponon, rprrnuar» llOCCMb I1MOIOr MCCTHhle HCPHMcuue 1I nerpe-tccxae lfU3BaHIUI 1, lIPWICM ;l,JCcrOIlI).:ltlll,emte Hel\oTOPJ.IX 113 JIHX ycranOU:ICHO (ITOpO.1I1CC, A prnnana, Il npofiopnnana , PUMHi\Una) M )J:OlW3aHO CYD(CCTJlOJWHI1C ua ax ~tecTe l1oCe;ICHI1i1: onto n J(OPHMcI,yro anoxy.

r

PUI'.

, , 11.

Pe:lI,C,pI.I lW:I011IlI.I Tpanaa. l l o.tacor if\n:U1J1.( yXOJJ;RUlJfMlT I13 ceaonarr l(aWUUL

J.{almi1:clwo noceneuna pacnonar-aznrcr, 06hl'IHO n3 llJIOCrmX, HO c;urmI-\OM IJbtCOlUIX XO;J.MaX nnu ua roppacax IJ ucoxoro 00- peru PCRM PI CrreIUIa.1LHO Y]'PCIIJUl;J11CL. Ilnouia:u. 1I0CO:IPllItii 3aHIIMU.1a u6LIQlIO 1-2 ra 2. Ha pe.lbo<pax IW.1Ollllhi l1:h:opaiROlIL! rpa nJJIa YHpemwHl1l1 Jl,aHl1MCrUl.X roponmn : llCpCIJHHIIaH orpana H:l SUOCTPOlIHhIX 13 nopxaoii tlaCTJI ;10('01\ (teapr. 57,58, 67,70,120,151, 153); I,a~OHHan: CTCHa o 3yGlla~1II 1I flea HlfX (puc. 13 II 14), CJIOmOHHaH 113 npaUIW(,}[hIX l,fl!\!t'IiHLIX 6JIOHOn, C 6amHHMI! HaJJ: IlOPOTUMliJ: (xapr. 26,119, 120, l~!i, 1')1); 60;Jbmaa ],penOCTHaH CTOHa, C.10ilWHHaa 11:3 TpC\ pH/WI:! perYJlJ-ITJIlLIX HaMHci1:, C 3y6naMII H OamHl-lM 11 , OI\(Jyil\eUIIaIl, fl C1l0IO oncpem., pnosr M RaJIOM (I\aPT. 67, 151, 133) B palJ1H1HHhIX noce.rorrnnx BaJIaXIlH OCIIOBHLlM B11;\OM otiopounreasuux eoopyarcaaii J\aTmii-

1 M. 111 a ere a. "YWI3. con., CTP 124. 2 :\1. Mac rca. ~rTm3. CO'!., CTP l25.

42

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PIlC 15 Il.turr ;(UlmllU;UX l'OOpyihC'1I111! I'pe.nuurn .\fyHtJe;lY;Iyii. (COCTUB:ICII IIO IWUWUI In SCIV, 11);)1, CTp. 126 I 19:i2, CTp 282)

<\ _ I\pcnoCTh )l'lHOB 3 - .ilpcnncc CBHTIIJJlJIllC

a _ ()OOpOIlIlTCilblfbJe crernr npenocru " -- lloi13c\lIIhlJ[ IWOWHllblll naaaa

b _ Cne.tu nepennunux ITOCTpOeTI 5 - 0 rpa.ra c nanraxm

Inl- aaIlu;LlIble sopo ra 6 -_ Orpana h3MCHU3H

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p:_ MO[IlCJlaH jtopor a ~·-D - CTel1u reppacsr

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19 - Mecro, r;w 611:[a xracrepcnaa peveonenmraa :!() - OCTaTHlI 3JUUllffI

21 - CJiC;:(I,' ;lCPCBH[III0ro cap an

CHHX nOCC;ICIIHH OhWH 3CM;1HHhle BaJlI>l co puaxn. TaRHe yrcpenJIOHHH HMCJO nOCC:ICHHO THllOCY;1 (ua JIonOM ocpcry p. Hpaxonsr B 45 HM OT Byxapccra). Ero nan 6hlJI coopynccn 113 3eMJBl C rpaIlHOM, BLlH.HUYToii npa phlTbe pua. Cncpxy OI>lJIH BpLlThI CT0J16w: 113 IICCHH 11 )1,y6a, ;J,naMCTpOM OlW:lO 20 CM. 8TOT paJ( CTOJI60B Ohm ofinozxen rauuoii , cMclIIauIIoii: C coaoxoii. 0611lan TO;rTT\HIla TaRoif CTeHb! ;_t:OCTHra:ra 2 M, a m,YCOTa 3-4 M 1. ,J,pyroo nOCC;1eflJ1e fIOHHa (na p. Copcr) TOII\O 6bl;10 ofinoccuo 3CM.'HlIblM Ba.;IOM 1I PllOM, II PIPICM BHJl IIMC:l O'lOHL l\PYTOll CKaT C IlHCIUudi: C,TOPOHhI II nonoruii C nayrpernroii 2.

OCOOClIIIO nurepccuuii MaTcpnaa l"(.lH xapaxrcpncrurcu CTPOltTC;lbUOI'O l1CRYCCTRa ;J,aIOlLICIa1X WlcMOII H I B. no H. o. H I B. II. J. nann paCIWm{H, IIPOUO;(IlBmnOCH PY:\lIJIIICI\HMH apxco.roraau B Tpaacnnsnauuu 3. 'I'au, B ropax OpCIIITl1e B ;(OJIHUO lICOOJIhmOll p. Ana Opanryzryii COXpaHIt.:TUCb )J;aImifC1HIC lIOCe.:TCIH1IT II pn;T. nanniicrrax YI,po[J;}feHHii: n unne npcnocreii JI Ha6.'l10;:J.aTC:IhlIl>IX fiamea, HaXO)J;HumllXCH na ncpnnnrax XO.'lMOU If ofipaayioutnx crpoiinyro OOOPOHlITC:JhUYIO CHCTCMY, ncurpoxr rccropoii ObT:Ia xpenoorr, I'panumru Myn'le.:rYJ[yu, paerrO;JOiKCIIHafI ua I1flTII TCppacax I'OPh[ I'partumrn na Ilf,TGOTC 1200 M nan ypouuexr ~lOpIT 4 (pHC. 15). Oua HMC.la nbITHlIYTylO <POP\ly, aamraa.ia roppuropmo 01WJ10 3 ra n 6bl:Ja OOHcccLIa MOII(lm:VIiI OOOpOlB1TeJIhII1J1MH CTOHaMl1 TOJIlllIIIlOH: B 3,2 M. 06a nauusrprr CTOH, CflOiIWHlIhIC 113 upynHUlX H3nOCTHITJ\OUr,rX OJIOI,On, OfJ.'I11 CI,PCIT:ICHbI :[cpeBHHHIJMII ncp(lKJla,u;IIHa~ll1, Jr;IH srcro na BHyTpCUH I1X CTOpOJfaX HaMeHUIJIX 6JIOHOB np0611Bam1:Cb CIICI(tl aasnue OTUOPCTlIH. B nyr PCHH HIT 'laCTb CTCIl 6hl.1a aanormcua 6YTOM, 1I0 B rrexo roprax !lICCTaX 6JJOr-UI 6hlJ1M MOJJh'lO, RUYTpCITHHH 'faCTI. CTOlIhT OfJ:Ia 3aIlOJIIIeHa aeM.:TeH, 1I TO:lII~I1Ha CT(,IIbl norruraaa 4 M, 'lTO, IIllDH;(UMO),IY, CBH;:J;CTCJJhcrnvcr 0 nuyx CTPOHTC';LJ,HhIX nepuonax. C 1l0CTOIW 11 aarrana B 060POlIIITC,[hHOli crcne ~1:\1C:IMCh nopora, I~ I';OTOPhIM IlO;:J;BOIJ;I1JIU BbIMOIlWIII!],IO I,aMCHllhIMH rrafITaMff noporrr.

~ha rcpenocrr., BOPOfITHO, OIJ1.1a llOCTpOCHa nepcn lloilIlOW IJ;aKOil C ,IJ;OJlHlI(lIaHOM. IToC:Ie UX IIOpail\PTlIIIT B 102 r., ITO ycnoBIUIM MlqHroro norouopa , oaa llOJIiHHa ohT:Ja 6bITh paapynrcna , HO aaTl'M )J:alnT, roronacr, R noiino C puxr.muauu npn usureparupo Tpanno, eo cncnruo BOCCTaHOBll.lH, ncncnr.ayn ncpnuo norianml1CCH non PY"y MaTepl1a:lbl. B 106 r. rcpenocrt., nunnnrnanca BOCHIIbIM, IIOJlHnpICCI,lI:!I1 H pC:Innl03HhlM nen rpoxt .tarcon, 6I,IJIa

1 «Dacia», T. l , crp. 220 C:1

2 «Dacia», T. lll- J V, CTp. :VIa c.r.

3 C~f. C. J) a i co vic i u. Cctatca dacica de Ia Platra Rosie: «Asozuul« dacice din M u n\ ii Orast ici». Bucurest i, 1951, rno olly6.1nl>ODana' CT1lThH C. D a i C 0 vic i u. Studlul topografic al asczurllor. Pe3y.'TbTaTLT pamonor, 1949-195~ rr. olIy6mmOlluIILI D SCIV, 1950, 1; 1951, 1; 1952: 1953, 1-2; Ifl5" , 1-2.

4 SCTV, 19;ji3, 1-2, c.rp. 173 ca.; ill5!, 1, CTp. 100 C:I.

43

paapymoua, 11 nOC;Ie ru6e;1li ,il;eneoaJIa II nOIWpCIIl1H ,Uawm P11Mmmo nOCTam1JIli TaM CBOH rapHlI30II Erne AO noaneuenaa HpOnOCTII na reppacax XOJIMa I'ponurrrrn MyHlJeJ1yJIyii: CyII~OCTBOnaJIM )];aI{IIHCI;QO rpaiJ\j1;aIICIWO IIOCO;;IOITIIC li CI3HTll;IHII~C OmI lIpO)\OJliIWJ1H CYlllOCTllOBaTh B O)'POCTHOCTHX I\pOnOCTII If II03)l;Hee. Pacrronrcn, npOM:lBe)~CIIIIWO IJ 1951-1952 IT. ua O)l;HOH: 113 Toppac xoava (VJ] J). o6HapymIIlIM C:le;:I,W YlVlJfHOHHblX ]\CpeBRHHLIX ~OMOIl, CJlOiHeHHWX H,l TOJICThIX 6POBOH, }'PhITIJX ~paHIWM: IIlIll COJJOMOH, 11 OTHPIJThlX HpW;;JOll, na CTOlI6ax, nocrauncnurax Ha xaMOHHJ,TO 6JIORl!. TaM mo naiincmr OCTanOI unyx pCMOCJIeJllIblX MaCTOPCIUlX, CEMmo l'pOXCOT pa3JIl1'IIIhlX J1IICTPYMCJlTOil, CTO;IH pnux , Hy:mOtlllhlx }[ npyrnx (puc. 16). II unoro }WpaMllIOl, II3rOTOB~lOHHOH MOCTHWMII ilaIau'1cI{lIl\Bl MaCTepaMII, Il TU~[ 'JllCJIe OUJIOMI,U OYOHh cnoeoripaanrax paCIUIClIf,TX COCY;:I,Oil (puc. 7).

B 150 M rc IlOCTOHY OT hpcnOCTII 6hwa paCIlO~IOiI\oHa cuamennan orcpyra uauou, cunaaanaa C YHpOnJIOH110M XOpOIIlO BhIMOll(eH- 110M: )l;OpOrOH (pnc. 15,B.) 3)];OCh lIaXOJ_\H;;mCL CUHTH;Jl1ma. O;::t;IIO H3 HI1X, n )HlJJ;B OJ,pYiJ\HOCnl ;'l,llaMOTpOM 30 M, OLJ;JO 06IICCOHO HUMeHHoii or panoii J13 nnyx pH~OIl },UMC'I1l1h["X" 6:IOlWn, lJPl1'ICM IWMIUf napyacnoro naunupa .'lOihU;JI1, a HU.lIl11 unyrponucro nUHI\h1lHI 6lJJIlT nOCTaB:IeHI.l na petipo. DHYTPH WIYIeIIlwii orpansr na pacCTOHHIII1 3,5 M OT 1100, naxonnzracs orpana 113 TOJICTIJX ~OpOllHHHhlX CTOJIOOD, cronumnx 1)Ope3 HamnhlO 33-4.0 CM. B IIOllTPO eo ULI~Ja eme onna raxarr il\O orpana. CBHTJ1;Il1IIIa na 8TOM ~eCTc CYllIOCTBoua;;111 11:0:11'00 npOMfl; 01111 nepecrpaanaanci., na Mono craporo n03UO;01Jl0Ch HODOO, HaH60;;1C~ npcnnec CBHTH:1I11110 coOTlleTCTBOBa;ro npCMCIIl1 npennetirnero narnuicrcoro 1I0CO;lOHI1H. naxonuurneroca HU XOJIMO ;'LO nocrpofisu icpcnocru, HcrrO;IU:JOI{Y OT nepnoro KpyrJIOIO CUHTMJIl1JTla naXO;])IJIOCh UTOpOO CBnTU:]!111~C 'IUKOIO mo rnna, HO MOHhnrero paaxopa, B nn.ic l,a:-'1ellTloii OJ PUi\hl lV1UMOTPOM 12,5 \f H OJ\PYJRIIOCl'11 113 )];CT>OBlIllllr.TX CTO;JOOB BIIYTpI1. l1HTOPOCIIO OTMen1Th, '-ITO pU;.L\IeJllCIIJIO HaMHC'ii: no icpvry IJPIl)l;cpiHIIBaOTca onpC';t:OJlOHIIOro npaun.ra , OHI1 LOCTUU:lflIOT 13 I pynn, B l\aa,~Oi1 11:1 rcoropux OI,I;to 110 O;'.lHOMY CTO;;]OY OOIILIIIITX paaxrcpou, 1]TO, B03MOiT\lI0, eBJl3aHO (, pa lJ(C':JOHlleM nai.axru rona na 13 MCCHIIOB 1. IIOBll]lI1MOMY, PCJlLC<pM KOJ[OHllhl T'pauna BocnpOl13BO)\flT BHCmIII1 Ii: Blll( raxoro CBHTI1;JllIIW. HaxOJ(11 BIUl'J'OCfl BO;;}II311 OT 06neCCIIlIoro I;:aMl'UnOH crenoii llal\11J1CIWrO ropona 2 (pTH>,. 28)

1\ POMO CllHTJf:IlIII( oxpyr.aoii cPOpMhI, OUnCCOHTlblX ),aMOnnOH: orpanoii. IHfOJlOCL 1]OThlpexyro;;II,IIOO CnHTlI:::ImnO C 60 Ko.'JOJlJlaMlf, YCTaHOBJIeHHhlMI1 E HOCI\OJIhlW PH;r1:0B na ;ICma~HX na 3C':-'I:Je reaMeITIlblX )];HCHaX, ;~n.aMeTpoM 2-2,25 1\1, TOJlIl(HHOii OI\O:::IO 35 CM.

I SCIV, 1953, 2, r rp 15:1 (,.'T 2 eel c h 0 r I 11 s, H.JpT 26

44

.J

.

l

,

n

~ I

\,

i t'

(~

~

'~

2

Pl1e 16 lIieJICallhW HHCTpv\rerIT!oI 1I3 rpa,11HlITH .\IYH'I(':rYJIyii (SCIV, 19;;2, CTP 300 en)

1 - X03f1lrCl'BeIlIlLJe II "yaRe'lIl1,re TlIlCTp)"MelTl'l>I II OP)1UIH, 2- IIJIOTIHflfblI J1 HY3HC1IlIhIC HHCTPYMCHThJ - cKotle.:JH, uypaRhI, 11l1PHyJIL, aaxnenxn 11: Hy3HP' 1111 hI ii: ~rOJTOT, 3 - recno , ll;lOTHI1'tJnA" Tonop II hY3Re'IlIhTC xrreunr (011;( lJPHMO), 4 - I'paO;rIl, cepuo

OOPUSlihIlI canosun 1I0Ht, oypaBhI If 1I01l"IlJIO"

CHHTlWI1.II\a pacnoaoacenu aa xopomo nupanneumax H yxponJICHIILIX reppacax C HaMOHHJJMH l[OJ-(llOpHLI:\Ul CTOHaMI1 (puc. 17). iloOJIl1aOCTH 0'[ uax lfMelOTCH IWMCHHhlC lIu6mop;aTe;;lhHhl8 6auIHH. 3.n;OCh me, n paiioae CBHlI\OIIHOii oicpyrn , 1l:lIeCTCH CHCTCMa non- 3eMHhIX BO,nOOTBOil.HLIX ],anaJIOB, BhIJIOJI\oHHI,I X II3 HaMeUHblX HJIllT, nononpouon B BI1.n;e nepcuanuux TpyG, n();J.BOi\HlI~HX R nucrcpue, 11 OCTunUI I(OPOBHUHhIX nocrpoeu 1.

PITe. 17. PChOHCTPYJ\HHH uepxnoii 'HiCTII uo.mopuoii CTeBW CBHTVJJIJTma B I'P3;UlIIITH ~IYHqc;ryJIyii (Ho CTUTbU C. Daicoviciu II i.mne «Asez aril» dacice din ~Iulitii

Oritst iei» , '(,TP 10).

llo6;;J1130CTlI OT rp;)JU1IDTH MYU"Ic.lyayii HaXOJl,n.ICH pHil. aa- 6mO.n;aTeJlbllhIX oamon ]1 aHa1lllTC;ILHOe '1I1C:ro HeYRpemJeHHhIX ,naRltH:CIU1X nOCe;ICHI1jj.

IIUJIIl'lJ1C 60JIhlliOii CDJUHeIlHoii oxpyrn, }'Pymlhl€ pU3MCphI yrrpenrrenrni l'P3;J,J1IDTJI MYHlJCJlYJIyii, a TUHSfie IWHlWHTpalJ,llH 01{()JIO Hero .tpyrux naHI1MCl,llX nocezicnaii nOaDOJIHloT· Bl1)\eTb Jl DrOM ropo.ic lfO;JJ1T11'IrCI,]rU 11 pcanrnoanuii HCHTP .n:aROD; noPOHTIlO, 3,D,CCL 6J,I;W pC:JH)~CIIIlHH DI1pr6J1CThl If )~eIlr6a;']a. Momer OhlTh, mieuno ai\eCh aaxonunacr, il.peDIIHH CTOJIJ!ua i{UKOB CapMlluereTY:J3, paapymonnaa 3aTeM pl1MJlHJIaMH II llOI>lmYTUH iI\JITeJIJlMI1.

Ocoflcrurraii arrrepec nponcrannmor Haii;wJlHhle B paiioae CBlIH1J1.l1UHl 60;IbIDI1C 1'I3DCCTIlHlWBhIe OJIOHH, na ROTOPhIX OhIJIlI llLICelJeIlLl anaxn, nalIOJlfJIHaIOIQl1e rpesecxae GYlmhI (pRC. 18).

1 SCIV, 1953, 1-2, CTp. 156.

46

B03MomHo, <lTO 31Ial\I1 IWMOIIOTOCOB·· - l'POtJOCI,IlX BOeHIlOTI.l0HIIhlX, 3aXlJalJeHHhlX BHpeOI1CTOM no npOMH oro Hana,iJ;OUlIH na rpeseeRne ropona lJOPHO;\lOpClwro lIo6epml,bH H npenparncunux 3aTOM B pa6on. BO:lMOJnOH, nn potleM, 11 q,UI\T 1101')'111\11 paoon-cnenaaaucron )];amIi1CIUIMH UOil\;l,HMH B auoxy , rcorrta JJ:laCTh BOiH,iJ;H npesparnnacs ][0 cyuiecrny )"iRO n napCI'YIO.

O)];HUIW 06pal!IaOT lIU C06H llTIlIMaHUO lIa;rII'HtC, uapuny C 6y1\nauu, rarose H 3HaIWB, nerro xoacux lIU oYlmLI rpOLJ.OCKOrO

~------fl,JJ8 ------J-j

Pac, 18. JHal\f'[ IIU U;merTHl1IWllldX G.l01\aX Hi! I'pa.n;IIIIITll MYUqe:lYiIYU (SCIV, 11:151, 1, np. 122)

an<pUIlHTa. STO II03uo;:rrrOT npearroaozrnrn., 'ITO B ;\UHHlilX IIa)J;IIIICJIX Mhl In100~f C;:rOiViI IIHCbMClIl!OCTlf uaicou.

Hapnny C aroii nourpansuoii :nPCIIOCTLIO .taicou n ropax Opanrr 11 0 uaX())\I1JlOCh \lIIOII,OCTIlO y I,POU;ll'Ullii, pacnomcu ROTOPIilX nann B03MOiI,HOCTh BOCCTanOlll1Th tcaprtutv jl,II:lHI1 ;\aJwJ! 11:0 puucxoro aauoenaana. CpO;(H arnx :nPClfOCTCii HHTOPOCHO COopymomro I3P0:\;lClIlf BlfPOOHCTbl 11 )leuo6a;ra na rope J{OCTClUTU 1, IIpe,:::(CTanJIJI[O[[~OC C060ll YI'PCII;;WUIIOO ropo;\11IUO nponoaronaron <!J0PMU, OOUCCOH.HOO KaMeI!lWH: orpa/1:oH: u :-IC\l"lflm,]_~ uanox C )J;llOllHLI"1 ua.mcanov. STa rcpcirocrr, aarmnuaaa 11:0cTyn n noanny p. Ana Opanrynya C cencpu. 'I'o.nnuna 00 060pOlHlTe;'lLlIhlX CTOIl 11:0CTH:raOT 3 M. lIa BhlCOTY ;\0 2 :\1 OHU C.iIOmolU.r 11:1 113I3eCTUflIWllJ.IX 6noRou. Il pnanan Iwa,:::(KI1 CTeH TOT me, qTO II Y npyr-nx

1 C. D a i C 0 vic i u. Studiul topografic 01 a?()zllrilor, CTp. 9-19. 47

).(8HUi1eJ-an:: },penoneii, c xu pal\TepHf,IMlf .usyxrtamu; plIbIMH CTOHUMH, CI>pell.-Il'HIlL1MIl i(OPOHHHHhIMH OpellIIaMI1, J(.:Ifl }\OTOPhlX nsrpy- 6aIOTClI CIIOJU1a;,]bHLIe yrJlyG:ICHlIH II <pOPMO «:laCTOQI{HiiOrO xnocra». BHYTpn creau 3aIlO.;lHOlIl,[ 6yroM (puc. 19).

Bopxns H 'laCTI, CTOH cJ\.'Ia;:.(l>Wa,-WCI, H3 CbTP1WBWX R11pnII'lciI 6e3 nepeannmrx crcpenorc. Buyrpa OOOPOIHITO"lbHbJX YHpOII;le1Hrll:

JfMCJIllCb 'lOThl pexyrcasmro nocrpoii 1\ I! C TO.;rCThl;\1If JWMOHHLIMll eTC-HaMIl, neponrno , ifUtJIHllla p0;J:orr:ICMOIIIIOll 3IIaTI1, }; HOTOPbIM

Prrr . 19. PelwHCTpYIiHllH Ii:liql;JT OUOpOlIllTe:1hHhIX CTf'H ;I,UI-mii:cKllx r,penOCTeH (Hi! CTUThH C. Da icov iciu n KHIlIO «Asezurile dacicc din Munril Orast.iei», CTp. 10).

IIO;:J:BO;rJ:n:m xruccunnuc HaMOHHhre .:IeCTHlIl(lJ. f\ ofiopomrteastrou crene npncrpoenu H86;:JJo,J:aT(,~lb}jhlC GalliHH, r,oToph1C, mr;I, It MO , Tome 6hI.:nr ilm:rLI:llH. TUlare 6 aIIIII 11 , HO;mr,lIIIaI01l(lIeCH ua;( orouoii, 11300paJf\l'Hhf 11 ira po;Iberpax IW;JOnHlJ: T pasua 1,

BHe YI,pcn:lcmIlr Ira pa::lJIM'iHLlX reppacax Ohl;U1 otinapyaceau PHl1.f.J Jl8Ml'HHb!X nncxon rauoro me ruua , Hah Y rp3.IJ:lImTH :Y{Yll'le.--rYZIyii:, II 11HOrO'lHC.--reHllhle IIUIJlI1Il(a J,peCTbHH, npencrannannnte cooo» XIlil\III1LI 113 TPOCTlJl1l\a H r:UIIIhI. Haiincuu JU1CTOpnb[ )l;,}H HO;:J:hl 11 ocrarxu ;:J:8Rl1iiC[\HX ncnoupononoa H:I r.HflInHbIX rpyo ". C nocroua nocryrr B no.rrrny p. Arra Opanryny» llfHmpblnana cute oaua ieperrocrs - lIHTpa Porum) (puc. 20), TO,{.;e pacuo,1oJReHHan ITa uepmune TOphI. C uuy rpeuucii CTOPOTTLI eo OOOPOHllT('."IbHblO CTl'Ilf,I OLl:JJl C';lOmCIII.I TeM me onocofioxr, qTO It Y npyrux

1 C. C i c h 0 r i 11 S, xapr, :W, (jQ.

2 To.nnnua cronou y Tpy6 - 1.5 C\I, AIIIUHJTP - 7 CM; C. D a i c 0- v i c i u. Stud iul topogrufic al asezarl lor, CTp. 7 lJ 19

48

\

Pelfollcm/lylrl/lIJ1 DoCmMIIOu cmeHbl 1r/le/70Cmll Ilnm/lo PO/UutJ

P,!', 2 l, ILIall II PJIWacrpyKU;I1H. OOOPOIIIITl':IbHOii: crena l~'lImii'~lwii [,pJIJ:Jl'T11 Ilxrpa POlUtlC (:::iC I\', Hl:i(), 1, erp. 148).

4 II. T. KpyrnHKOBa

HperrOCTOM.; I, CT(-'Jla\1 OhI:JO n pucrpociro WITh ;J\ilI:Jhn:: OameR. HPOMO roro , COXpaHJ1:Il1Cb OCTa rt\lf ;.lepenHHTlOro J;.lUIIJ1H, oOu(trH. Dn.n; xoroporo aeri«. eerie npenc'raun-n., r~JljNI na 11300paiHOInIH naI01llCIU1X rrocrpocx lIU pC'~IT,c<pax IW:lOIITILI Tpau na , Dfial1311 HPClJOCTU OOHa pyil\clILI OCTUTJ\lI JJ PH)Wy ro.u.uoro CHlTTJ1:I11111a rarcoro me TIl ITa, IW" B HOCTOIJ(T1f, .G.1H;_t,UPO 11 i'P3;[Il1I1TH MYH'lCJly,lIY 11. ,n:amJiiCHlte "peliOeTll JlaXU;W:IlICL OOJ.llIIIO na TPY;lIfO ,.lOCTYIInoii uucore H 1IJ!C';{CTaB:lH:1H ('OGOi1, r.ranuu« ()OpUa()M, YI\POH;lOIIlII,1O IlCIlTpJ,T OOOpOHhl. DO.lBC;{l'ITI1C I1.X, IIOIlH;(lnW)IY, (',,'lei{YOT CDfl3LlnUT.h c nepnortou II pan.tunna B l1 Pl'Ol1CThl ('fOil;ilY 75 It "'5 r. no H. 9.), a OJ\olIlJUTO:lhHYIO nlOO:Jb co Bpl':'I-leHOM HOC.'IP;lIIl'Ji BO:HIIhl Tpanua npOTJJU ;1UI,OIl (1I0pOHTIIO, Mon;;lY 103 1110G rr.) 1.1I0;luOIIl,TO YHperrJIOIII1 H ua H03BbIIJIOlIlIhIX, YJl:OOII hi x ;1: J 1I olio POUhl ;\lC'CTUX B anoxy , lIorrocpC;ICTBCIIJlO IIpO;lm(.'eTJIYHllIlYJO TH1)leTWMY aanocnauuro, H03HO;UI:lHCJ, no MJIOI'IIX paiiouax ;,~UI\l1H. H'pOI\IO TpanCI1JILllUHmr, 01111 11:IBCCTlIhl II Ila HUTe II 0" hTO!Illl1, II IIO'fTlr nccrna I1X r1160;;lb coornorcruycr anoxe ;IUlmiicHllX nOHII TPUlIJlU 2. Tarcan J1X uarupomea B1IOJIHe COOTlWTCTnYOT HCTOIHI'IOC,lwii OOCTUIIOBJW, HOTOPUH CJIOlI\lL1UCb B ,LI;Uf\lfl1 II J u. )_[O If. :)_ - 1 II. If. O. DJI UCTb n:IL'y.oJllIOl"O BO)(;;llT rrepcpacracr II na P( "YIO. 1I Ol:TOllHmae noiins: 111.1 .n.urator IICOOXO;UUIO(;Th 1H):1II0;UIT I. Y" pen.i eTl11 H II Il TO ml' IIpl'Mll ;lOCTall~lnIOT :\1110('0 nOOHIIorr:WIIIJI.lX, TJPl'llpUII(fll'MhIX B PU601l, TTlY;{ ]WTOPI.IX \lOiliOT 61.JTb muporco ncno.u.aouau 3.

PO:lIW 0'1':1 Il'ta.:IIHb OT ;)TI1X ooraThTX p03Jt;IOIlIl~Jii namuicrcoii airaru iKH:IIJII1U 1f1)()CTOT'O napo.ta. C"PO\lIll,1C XI1iJ\IIH[,1 113 TPOCTJIHHa lIJlI1 HOTO", OO:\la3UUJlLIO J'.1J1lIoii, OHPY;'IW:lU nOCTaU.'JeIlIIwe aa B03HLlmOHHllX Y"PC!I:IPHllll. ;)TI1 XIDRI1J1hl lIrnIH~;I;Jeil,a;;]lI, RCPOHTHO, CHOOO~IHO'I'y naccncmno, rpyn JWTUPOl'O lICIJO:II,:IOlla,,1cn rrpu coopy.r.omur HI)(~J[OCToil: HapHny C TPY)_[()M llOCliHUIJ;Jl'HlIhIX.

APXCO,10I'HtJe('I\11O pacuorn.u, nponano.uuuuacr-u B TpaucunsRaHlIl1, lI();{THl'Pil\;IUTOT nainrue PO,lbCCPOB HO,'IOIIHhI Tpa aua 0 xupa "TOPO ro PO;lOH II iHU:IlIJll :WKllii creoro naccn C1I111I . l~a.lcKo aarnc.unaa IlMYI110cTiloHIIafl :tIl<p<pePCHIUlaIOlli HUCL'.1l'HJ1H HaIDJla cnoe orpaacouuc U 60:lt.moM paauoofipa.urn TI11l01l .tarcuiicnax IIUI:JIrlil.

B lIOCC:IOHI1HX, lla06pail\OllllhlX Ha IW:IOIIHO TPUHJlU, MI.I BITl(HM ):(epoHHHHI.IO lIDYX;)laiHTII.IC ;::(0:\13 c ,.lCPOBHHllhIMlI mo xpu-

1 C. D a i co vic i u. La Transyl vanic dans l'lIlitiquitc. Bucarest , 1938, CTp. 30.

C. Daicovieiu si AI. Ferenczi. i\st'zal'ile dacice din Munt i i Orast iei, CTp. 5-66; C. n a i co vic i u , C(:tatea daeica de la Piatra Ros'ic, CTp. 12H.

, 2 D. 13 o r C i u , Arheolog la prcistorica a Olton lei, CTp. 201.

8 Ho JlfIKUJilIX npyrax ),laIlHLIX 0 Ha:mql1l1 Y )_\UIWB H JTO npexa pa60B B JICTOQlllll\aX He JIMeen:R, 1I0JTOMY 0 HJIX MOiIOJO rOBOpl1TL .'1I1II1L IJPC,VlOJIOiHUTeJIhHO.

50

ma~lll (pnc, 14). Xapaxrep crpourensnoro MaTeplIa;w nO)J;'lOpKlIYT rrOl\U;3OM rl103J~ei1, cnpcnnruoruux )];OCI\I1 II oum·m (pMC. 28). Il aorna, HaH 11";\][0 na II:100pUIHOHJU1X, )..(OMa CTP<)H.lI1Cb na icaM OlIll 0:11 <pyH~(UMeIITO, IIpI1l.IeM <PYH;J;aMOHTOM CJlyml1J1H rcpymrsre JWMOHHLle 6.10KI1, a na 1II1X lWUJU1(',b ofirccauuue oa:llm, (:1\£1011- :lOHHhlO ;l.CjlOllllHllhl\lH unnraxm 1. Hrror.ta 3U )(OJH!IlHlIl£hIMH 000- PUlIllTO:lhHhl).lII Cl('lIUMIl JJMJOlhl IWMOHllhre .toxra (l.;apT. 67, 151, 10:-3). B y"pell.l0HJ!hIX l[()COJlemIHX BU~IaxlJlI JlUCO:ICIII1C /IOWO H lJCTl,IPCXYI'O.lhllhIX ;~OpeBfl1l1ILIX JT36ax, Il X II ilO11la X , C1I:leTCHnux 113 BeTO" II 06MuaUUIIWx rvnmoii, cncmaunoii C CO.l0MOii, JWU n aeM.'1HJ-Il,aX 2.

o llHOIIIlH})'l ri1J\C, O;ICill;rO, peaurnn J1 OOr.!'IaH x narcon MOH\lIO cyrlHTh !HI ocuonanua PCJlLCqwu IWJIOHIIhI 'I'panua U naunrmuca II3 A;W"I;.ll1l'('I', a TfIT\JIW l!O ll,aHIlbl:ll aIlTl1lJHhlX anropon JI 3 pxco.iornw.

l1:100PUiIWIlIIH ;J,UIWB 1I0();~1I0I(paTHO HCTIJO'laIOTcn na naMHTIJ11I\UX PllMClWl'O 1t:I()OPU3HTl'JILHOJ"() lICI,YCCTBa U cny.n.nrypo, I1a pe:ILeq)aX HO;J()IJJIbl 'I'parnra 11 lIa:wnTlIl1l\a Ita A~aMIWHC(',I1, U TaI\iIW na J\lOIiCTaX, 8TO llLICOHl1C, XOPOllTO C;lOil,OllllhlC :lIOJ,Il. MYII\,fIlHhl OJ('Thl B ;t:II1HllbIC mTaH!.I, U JJOllCpX lJlI X II Py6uu[J,Y 1(0 IW:ICU, lIo;lIIonraHlIYlo pe)1I1lw. 1 r a uora x 6LT..11f CUJI;ta':lIHI. Cucpxy 1I3J.(l'Ba:lcn 11:13 III , OOhI11J(O c liaxJI(I).1Oii, llPJ1KO:IOThlii na J1:IC'IC <P1I6YJIOM. 3HaTHhl0 llonUII, "POllIO TO],O, ua roaouo IIIaI1I;Y. Myil{ITHHhl C I1IlIpOHlIMII :1IJ1lUMli 11 DhlilaIOIIlI1MI1CJI cHY;;laMl1 UOCH.l11 ll~II1UHI.Tl' HO:IOChl, nonpoaauuuo na nfiy , a TUHiT;C ycr.1 11 fiopony. Ha iHOHIIU1HUX 6hlJIII ;J;JIHHllhlC Olle/l\J~h[, COCTOIlJ[~110 113 pytiaxrr C 1\0- POTHIl:lHl PY I\a uaxru II 100W!, a rO.:IOBh! UX nOI, PLlBU:II1Ch n . ., arJ\Il:\III, ,HlBll:JUIlUhll\lH lIU 3UThl.'I1'0 (xapr. 39, 76; puc. 24).

o pC:Jllr1103111,IX ncpouannux rOTOIl, HOPOHTHO, xapaurcpuux 11 )l.'lH pO;J,cTnOlJJlhlX ll.\f LlaIWH, C00611!aOT l'OPP)J,OT 3, llOBM,ll,lIMOMY, Jl':IH ;l.aIWB, Hall Jl ;~JIH q)pal{HiiL.tou, XUp31\'fCpCH lIOJIJ1Tl'I13M. rCrOJ~OT naaunacr rJIaBIlhnt 6(lif\CCTROM reTOB 3a~IMOHCHca 4, HBJUIIOlIlerOCH, lIOBlIllI1MO'fY, oo;r.;eCTIlO:lI IIollaeMHOI'O napcrna. It HeMY, no IlCPOHaJII1RlI1 rCT<lD, nocno C:IIOPTIl ynaamorcn ~1I0;'1!. C )(pyroM CTOPOH!'I, rOTIJ 1101\JIOlllIJIHCL H 60ry rpova 11 MO:UllIl1, ROTOPhIM HIl:1H';ICJl, YlIoMMuacMhIii l'CPOJ[OTOM To6e;lCi13Hc. Ero, IIODH,ll,Il:WOMY, ;~aT,1f C'lmahTBUJH1 C MlIqHPJOCI\IL\1J[ CYU(CeTBUMII - npaiconaxu, 1I:loopa/HclIHfl JWTOphIX aa 600BhlX 3Ha'II\aX narcou ncrpellaTOTCJI lIU pCJlbcq,ax HO;;]OHHhI Tparma (pRC. 9 H 28). C COJIUC'IUhlM OOiJ\CCTllOllf, )WTOPOMY 1I00WOHHJIRCh tPpamfHcl\MC lIJIC'WHa, H D TOM

1 V, Pill' v [l n. Get.ica , CTp. 776,

2 «Dacia», T.I1I--IV, np. 317; T. I, CTp. 181 r:J.; 1. An d r i e s e s c u.

Piscul Crasaui: desco pvr irile arheologice din vara anului 1923. Academia Homana , mcmoriile sectinnii istorice, cep. III, T. III, CTp. 3 CJI.; D. Be rc i u. Arheologia prcistorrca a Oltenia, CTp. 191.

3 Ii e rod., IV, 91. n 95.

4 CTfHI60ll Ha:l!.maeT oro 3aJIO:IJ\CIICOM. S t r abo, VII, 3, 11.

4*

51

'IIIC.-JC narcu, eBl1:HUlhI MIIOl'O'lI1C.ICIlIIl.>lO PC:lhCqll.1 <ppal,UHCI{uX BCa;~I11I1.;oIl, lUI1(JOI,() pUCnpOCTpaUOIfIIl.re I! rHn\(~I\l)il ;(aI\HJI. 06 ouour. ('Buloopa:lIl1.rx: ;(al\llifCI\IlX currru.uuua x , ocru 1'1,11 h:010Pb!X 6LI."lH Hai1;J,l'Hh! IIPi! pactcorncax noce.rounii y I'po.uurrr» .\lYlIlICzry.iyii , lIwl'pa P(lllIlle II I\O(;TOUIIT, II J1;)OOPUil>l'IlIlH (;t)XIH1Hl1-

J

Pac. 21. PC:ll,ctPhl UlIMHIHUWI n~ A; (inm:m\,\, II

1- II:JOClpa;'H'{l'HIH\ «napnapon-: 2 - IHl\-1CIOlii .r.-ruorn-p Or',iJ,t'l II~WlfflJ,I'\ ;UII.OIl.

;:IIICb UU pe.'lhr(~U' W),:I()HHhI 'I'parnra (puc. 2t)), ~i"\L' Ohr:l() r,I\U·' ~aHO Bf.IIDr.

;~.~IH XUIWKleJHlcTlII\l1 pc.urruo.uuax ()(ipll;~()1! II :lTlIll'f('C'I\1I x OCOOOIIHO('l('ii :lal\()1l HIITepOCIII.IH MUTOrna:l i1,aIOT ,J,alulii(:i\Jle :\10- rJfJII.JII11 .. I1. E;lIl1l('TIWUJII.I.\f OOPH;(O:\1 IILJl'pOOrllllH y :l1lh:OH Ohl.:i() 'fpy II oconOlW IfIW , • ; ~:lI'l!ji Cl,al x xioru.t h lllf I\() B pa« 1\0 11 ann 0'1('11 [, :vIa ,;[0 • M311ecnH.I KeW:(Ollll(a, CYlUcrTBOBaBIII110 1l11:IOTh ;(0 II D. II. 3, O)WJIO [\amO;ll,U 11 n ropax 3;rUTIIbl 2. Tav B "j prUlIlIhlX 3UX:UpOHeHHHX HaX();~HT iWT,l1iinuro MOllOT!.I 11 xapaicropuuc ;~,1l1 .rarcon

1 y, Pit r \ all, CI'tica, crp. 626; H, t'l E V 1I I p 1', l.os fondles de Po iana. IIp, ;.H8: D, H 0 s e L t. i. Tom hos 11 iuc in erat lon de l'iie;e till fer et tic lcpoque rornu iuo dans III rogiou de Hucurest. Hururt-st i , 1!1:\;'i, CIP, ;;7 (',1,

2 O. Flo (' a, C('I'Ceti'tri urhcologleo 111 muutii Zlatnci, r(' doalul 110- te~ ~i Corabta. "ISC, III. Cluj, HH1, np. 100 c.r.

52

J{opa:\1l1l\.Y J1 OpaC.:IOThl BMOne C PI1MCIWll Hepa;\ulIwii " IJllM(',nHMH MOHOTu\UI. B paiiouo l>yxapocTU OI.T.:IH OTl\pr.ITLJ rpYUTORLIO MOrlll.:I'" C TPYIlOCOiI,/I;OIlIlOM, OTIIO(:flIJ~110Cf.I I, ncpIIO)(Y II B. ;10 II. d. - I n. II. a. (puc. 2,)), raxao II\C MOI'lfJILHl1FHf on,p"'Th' B Tnnocyzre, :\lIa.\II.:I:O, l Iorurc, JTltCHY,TI-.KPd3U1II1, Ill1Cl';.Vi1-h'OI';OFlJI II .apynIx

2

PI!('. 22. Pe.'ll,rqll,! naxmrumcn Tl1 A;(a'IJ;.'IIH'CIT.

t - ItS(lOpatl\!.'lI1w II.:1Cllllorn -uaunapa»; 2 - cueuu Ourru« :1.tI\llHCHOt'O H<)l1Ha C PIl:l1CHI1" nernoncpo».

Mcnax Ba.rax HII II TpaIlClli1LBaHHH. Mor n.u; IHI ;(alwiic""K I\JIa;(Ol1l1LUX paa.tuuaiorcu 110 <jH) pxte HMLI 1. 13<.:" PO'laIOH',H II:\I!'! rcouu'!c('1wii CPOP:'.lhJ, pacIllIIJlllJOIIU18CH I{ OCIIOIWHH]O, HII.illlH;qHl'iCC'WM q)Op~1hr, JJ:UlOIILJl() B O(:J!OIWJlI1l1 npaaovroai.naxn. " IIciioc'blIlIIC f1MI\I1 HC()IIPC;W:WHIIOii q)()PM"l.

;tHal\JCTplUl TUH a;c, Hal\ II r~ly6HlIa 11K, paaJHI'IIlh!. B TmIOCY.:Ie npP(Jo:w;WJOT HMhl l~mlllll;(PJIl.jecli:OrI <jWp.\l['1 )(I1U:\Il'TpOM IIC ITIHpe 1 ~I II rJIyollllOii 2,5 ~1 2. BO,1l1311 Byxapccra nCTpC'Ia.:II1Ch HlI1hl Ana~lcTpo~l 1 ,/f-1,8 M 11 I':IYOllIlOii: OT 0,6 M )\0 2,1 :VI 3, an n()}IIlC _P_HU"ICTj)():\[ :2 :\1 11 r;ryol1Roii 0,3 111 4. B IlIJiHHeii 'laCTH )'nILI IlClXOART yro.u., JWCTH iI\l11:l0THLIX H AP)THC OeTaTI,!f non QiI\CIl 11 oii B MO-

1 H. et E. \' II ) P e. Los Iouillos de Poiana , crp. :1'15.

"Ducia", T. I, crp. 1H8.

3 D. 1\ () S t' t ( L ¥I\a;J, (,Oq .. crp. 61-G,'). 4 «Dar ia», T. J If-IV, np. 266.

rHJIY ITHII(H, OCIW.'llnI COCYJ(OB, pa30HTbIX npa paryam.troa ofipnne, YRpamOUHfI 11 npyrao I!pe:~MeTb[, - Bee co C:IC;J:a~f1I OrHH. Burne HaX0Ll:I1TCH uepcropenutaa 30MJIII, nopeacnranuan C J [,,!OM H nonJIOM, H see no uotcpranan a II:YCI{H OOOFl\IIWIlOH r';UlflfJ C npuxrec sio COJIOM!.I Ilonunuaoay, HpOMaUHJI lIPOH3110;(H.ilaCf, PfIJ(OM C MOl'lInoii na OCOOOM rJIlfliHIlOM a.rrape, 3aTe,! pa30I1Haumo.\ICfI If copaChIHaeMOM II MOrIfJIY. Ilenca imorna CH:JIaJ(bIua:m II norpetiam.nyro ypllY, a HIIOl'i(a npocro rcra.nr na 3eMJIlO na ;(IIO )DILl Yp][LIOOJIbnreii xacr sto 61>l.'111 O'/OHb rrpl1MHTHllHoro rcaxecrua, BLIJIcn.JIOIIbI H3

Puc 21 1-2 - CI,Y:'bllTYPRlJC [JOPTPCTL! ;l:n;on (pll\l\'lmB ('hy.1LIlTypa II n -- WI ro6pHHlflI I'ocynapcrnenuoro ;)pmIT1I1KH)

U.10XO OTMY4ellHOM II lI.iCOXO OOOJl\JI\OlIoi:'r r.nruu OHH OOl>I4HO H:\IOJlll nhlTHlIyrylo ({IOPMY, nanoxunaroutyio oallKooopalHYlo IIx nCI!Kll OI>I:Of ynpaureuu OpWH1CIITOM Jl nn.rc pO.JIhetPlIhI,( lla:UIIWB C uapc,3aMu 11 JIll Il;(aI3JICIHUI\Uf, 11IIOr.a:a B mrno BhICTY"OB (puc 26)

111101 .(U IlCTPC'fUlOTCH 1l0rp06eHHH B OCTPO;(()I!HhlX aM<popax l'petIOCI\I1C cocy.u.r xopourero IW'IeCrBa IWI, norpnfia.rsur.re ypliLI no-rru tre VIlOT {.WGJIlIJIlIC b, XOTfI U :'.fOrH:lhf mWCTO C ;(pyrHMI1 PI1- Tya,lhHbTMI1 ('dcy,'(aI\UI Jt;IUJllICL, nanpU:'.ICp, IIUXO;U1JT1t Tali naaunaeuuo «MOI'n PCI\I1C» pOJlbCqlHhlO xarrur B UO],POOOII nux OIWJIO n yxapecra

Cpc.ru ~wnl.lbIloro HHseUTaprr pa;J:1lf'IHhIX (I)opM BCTpClJaIOTCfl COCYJJ:hl, IWlt ,;IOIfHhIC, Tal, J1 cnanaanuc ITa J'on4aIHIoM rcpyr-e, C qepHoi!: M hPUCIIOH nonepxrrocrt.ro 113 MCTU.'I,ll1'ICCIUIX yxpanreaaa

54

BCTpeqaIOTCH Q)l1o ~ .ru, HOtlW, 6 pac.rcru co ~'IC IIJIU I[ roaonxoa, xaparcrepusre ;J.:m .'laKOR, "OIlCThT, "aI, ,lalwiicmIe, 'fa" II pl1MCRlIe.

B meHCRHX J10rpe6CIHlHx ncrpeuaror ca r,HIlIHllhlO J1pffc:HfI~a ROHlrQeCRoi1:, ynaomenrroii II 1\ P ~ r.'10H <POPMLI, r,IIHlH HJ.[O <prrrypI\lI lIJJ;O.ITOB Ii Ma;reHhI\HC purya.u.usre CocY.'lHlal (D HUCII:Y;I-hp33aHlI).

B MOrl1.TIaX JlaiqeHhI J;:OCTlf ObIKOD, 1\03, 6apallOR, Iw6unOB, J(OMamnCIf JITlIl(hl II T, .t. B o.uroii l1:l M001:l OOllarY,I;OHa l\Yl{I\a 06YrJIlIBilierOCH npoca. OOjJa;( uorperieuua y ;J:UIWI[eI01X H;rOMOH

PIIC 2;j :'Ilol'lI;IH (' Tpyll()( O;I"hCIIIICIi II IHII()IIl' 1,\),'1- pl'l'Ta (I) Hn-ett i T()IIILl'~ II IIH'IIIl'mIIOn do l'Ul-W .III fer et de lepoquo runuuuo dan-. la rl'~1011 de Bucarcst,

(TP -).\)

Ol{OHh YCTOl.1tIHB II npoe.'1CII\I!HaCICll n TC'ICIlIIO ncero ,hCJle3HOro nexa BUJIO'l'L HO lIT D l luuourapr, ;WI\lHlCr;:!IX JlOl'peOCHIIH HOJJ;TBepiI\)~aCT nauu: IlHR<J;(hI 0 nr.rcorcov ~ POBHC II cDoeoopa:ll.lII JJ;aIHIllCIWH KyJ1LT,\ phI. IJ aX();:J:Ka npoca uo.rrncp.r.nacr II a;lll'l 110 y narcon 3eM;]CJI,e.ITll11, I,OCTI! ,I,IIBOTHhrx cnn.tcre.u.cruvtor o CKOTOBO;J;CTDO, OXOTe (xocru I;aoalla) II IWCTH ;(OmlIlIIlCII lITIII\hl 00 ol:C;:J:,rO\l ofipaae iTi:H;lH.lL Pa:l:I1llII1H II nu nourapo :\1!l1'11:r ;~OIl().lllfIIOT curr.rcre.rsCTDa IUICh:l1ClIlIl,IX ncro-nuucou II Jla\lHTlUlIWIl II;106pa:HlTc.::rLHoro acxyccrua 0 na;al'lHH HMYUlCCTBOHIIOii ;:J:1I<P¢CPCHUI1UUllH ofimocrna. n PHB03Hbl0 RClIlY! u:I;noCTp II PYIOT Hall pa n,:ICH l1e H pa:l.\1aX ToproBJ.IX cnnaeji, a MeCTJlhlO 1I:l;J.C;;IIIH nOi\a3hIHUIOT ,\ POROHb pC:\fOCJIeHnoro npOH3HO,'.(CTDa lI:aTWR, ;(UIIJIhle apXCO:lOrll'ICeIWX pacrconox II PC.IThO<PbI HO;;WIIIII.I Tpauna M.IT;]lO(,Tr)llp~ 10'1 Hhll',OI\l1il: ypoaens CTpOHTeJILHOrO HCI,YCCTua ;(aHOB,

56

Bce ITPI1BO;(CHHhlO nsnno MaTepHaJIbI CBI1JJ;OTOJIhCTBYIOT 0 TOM, qTO KO BpeMOHH pl1MCIWrO aasoenaaaa nnexena ,Li;aKliH AOCTl1rJIH asrcoxoro yponaa pa3HIITI111; Y Hl1X, IlOnl1,iJ;I1MOMY, yme c03AaBaJIaCh rocynapcrneunaa ° praHII3aIIl1H ocofioro, C TO'II01 3PCHl111 Pl1MJIHH, «napaapcrcoror Tuna. 060CllOIWOHIIbIC BCO soapacr aroiueii yrpoaoii ClIOIWi1CTBHlO I1X rpauuu JI ofiypenacaue mall\;(l)ii: 3aXBaTa HOBI>lX 30Me:lb II HapO,1;OB ;J;JIll Gccnomanuoii UX 31{CITJlyaTaIIJIH, paunnne pemIUIH npeDpaTlfTb 60raTbIe 3eMJIU ,n;UIUlM n CBOIO IJPOBHHIIHIO.

IIamrQl10 AparOIJ;CHHhIX MOTaJIJIOB 11 paa pariorxa .u.pyrMx MeTa:IJII1QOCI,HX PYil; yCIWPHJIH pa3BJITJIe OO~lOl/a 11 roprorcuc, ynpO'II!JIH H:y;[bTypllt.IO CBH3H AalUIHCKI1X II,[()MOI! C .u.pyrJIMH napO,iJ;U:\IH 11 CIIOCOOCTBOBaJIH 6hICTpeiimOMY PU3Bl1TlflO ;raIOllICIWH xy.n.r ypbl. Hnarona pu IHITeHCI1UllhlM MOiIOI:IOMCH 11t.I~I CBfl3HM aa pa3BMTI10 KY."1bTYPbI ~almiicI{HX IlJIOMOH OfWaa;II1 nJII1Hlnre CI\H<pcxan, IW."1hTCTWR, cap:\18TCI{U.ll JI npyrue KYJIbTypJ,I naponou, C KOTOPbC\1H i1:aI,ft naXO;::I:I1.:Jl1Ch D nOCTOflHlIbIX ClIOlflCHlfHX. HeKOTOpoC BJIIIH H110, ocofienuo na JOrO-llOCTOqIIc,Ie lI.r:18MClla rOTOIl, 01\83bl BaJIa :W.iHIHUCTlIQOCIWn «y.n.rypa rJ)OlleCI01X ropO;J;OB II pl1QeplIOMOpbll, a Tal"'JI,e 11 pIIMCI ... an I ... YJIbTypa, POJIh KOTOPOii: YC1'I!IIlDa;:IaCb C paaBll'TlIeM roprcnux cIlHaoii: BIB. H. 9. Ho BCO 3TH R;mHIIM}{ OTHIO;:t;h He crcp.ur eaM06hITHOl'O IW!IOpHTa rero-nar ... niicRoii: HY,"1bTyphl. OHn TO:1bl\O cuocoocrnonana pOCTy eo J\lHoro06pa3~1H 11 OblCTPOMY paCIJ;1l0TY, OIlP0Jl,OJIllIOlIU1M me ObIJIO pa3BHTlfO MeCTHhIX 11 POH3DO;:VITO:I hllblX e~r.;y, YCIWPCHIIOO ropronneii 11 06MonOM.

l'P0'lOCli.He 11 pnvcrme HyllIJ;I,[ HI1:lflJIl1Ch 11 OC peI\Hl'lKa\!:H , CKynalHIU1:\!I1 y naicou MOTaJIJIIPWCHYIO py~y, il:OUhIDUOMYIO R ropax Tpancanr.nanmr, II paOOB, KOTOPLIX B IWIJOCTDO BOOIIHOllJIOHHhIX B 60.r:thllW\[ IW;l1lQeCTUO nOCTaB.r:tHJIH BOHHCTllOHllblO JlaR111lCKlie nJIOMeIlU, llOCTOH HIIO BOOBaBIIIHO co CBOIUIll coce;::t:l1MU. BOPOHTHO, crrHCOK ronapon, nponanaeuux JJ:almiiCHoii PO;'l;OII!ICMeH 1I0ii nepxymHOll, MOilaIO OhIJIO ObI H pacnrapar s. TOPHJIlJIH cnocoticrnonana 6bICTPOMY pa3:IOmeUHIO llepROOhlTHO-OOllrI1JIIIOrO crpon narcon. Ho, IIOCMOTPll na paaxax nIIOllIIH1X ToprOBLIX CBllaOM, npunertmH1I ;J;ail,e It IIOI1BJIOHHIO c06CTBeHIIO JJ;afOli1clwii MOIIOTh!, lIDJIHBmeiica «BapDapCHl1M) nOApamaHileM rpOrW-M[mC,'l,OHCHI1M 1I PUMCRln! MOHOTa.\I, BHyTpOIIHHH TOprOBJIII B )lal,HIl AO RaIlOeHalIJIH ee pl1»IJIHIIaMJ1 BpH;.l. JIU OUJIa ClIJILHO pa3BHTa.

IIOnH;rIL\IO~lY, JJ:amn"rCKHO nJIeMOHa Tpancum.nannn OOOrHaJIII B CBoeM PU3DI1.TIHf npynrc pO~CTBeHHblo llJIC.\ICJla 11 II TOM QJ1CJlO rercnne. COIIIW:rhliOO paCC;:IOeIlHO nHYT pH AUIi.llllCHI1X nJICMOH mJIO or,ICTpeo. «ll enapoa BLICH-TCll rp03I1J,IC CTCllT,I norcpyr HOBhIX ynperciennux r-oponon: B UX psax 3UHOT MOrJI;Ia pononoro crpon, a IlX OUITIHH Ylll1paIOTCH YIKO D n;MBIIJJI[3UI~l1IO» 1. TO:ILIW neIWTOpsie 113 ;xaI{UH:CI{l1X llOCeJIeHUl1:, KaR, aarrpnxep, CapMl1IICreTY3a,

1 H. :\1 a p K C IT (D. ;) H r e Jl b C. COq., T. XV!, If. 1, CTp. 11.0.

58

(I'panamra MYHlfeJlyJlyii:) naxanx npenpamarr.ca B n;OHTpLI peMeCJIa 11 TOprOBJII1. Bo.n.maa qaCTb UX euro coxpauaaa xapaxrep llJIOMeHHLIX n;eHTpOB, 6bIJIa pe3H,JJ;OHn;Hoii: IIJIOMOHHhlX Bom,JJ;eH II apHCTOI,paTHH, a p;JIrr pnnonoro UaCeJIeHlIH IIpop;OCTaBJIHJla ytieiI\HIU;O na npOMIT noHH}'I. B Ha311UHlIlIX HeKOTopbIX roponon Pl1MCROii: ,ll;aHHJ1, B03MOiRHO, cox paHI1JIHCI. UMOHa mle~lOJI, n;OHTpaMH ROTOpux OlIll HorJ(a-TO lllklHJlI1Cb, naupUMep: BYPpHJ(aBa - I~OUTP llJIOMOIII1 6yppon, raroxo KapclI;::t;una, Canr-nnana, YJITHp;ana H np.

IT ponccc 06"bO;::(HHOHlIH po;_t;CTBeIIHbIX roro-narcaiicnax llJIOMOH, aasannmiicn npa DI:lpo61ICTO, npo;::(OJIiIWJICH, HOC1lOTprr na HeO;::t;HOxparnuc lIoperpyIIIIHpOBI\H 11 npexreuuoe OTrra;::(OHHO rex lI.'IH .IlPYr-nx II:IOMeH. COJ03 ll:IOMOU nopnona Tal, Ha3LIBaOMOH nOOIIHOlI ;J:OMOHpaT1{l1, BO rJIaBO },OTOpOro crou.r ]) ~lpo6HCTa, RO BPOMOHH pIUrCI\Oro aanoenauun npenpar anca B OO.'WO npo-raoo 061,O.llI1HOHHO; npn ::nOM rJIaBIlYlO PO:Ib B HOM cramr arparr, ;\U1UliiCJ\I10 nneuena. Ha3naHHO ux rr,IOMOHH nOCTeneHlIO pacnpocrpan nnoc s na see JI.1CMOHa 06"bOJ(I1nOHlIH; TIOBHJ(IUIOMY, 1l0JlyqJ1JI rrpoofina,JJ;aHlIe II <ppmUlHCHHH H3LIK, ua IWTOPOM rOBopH';1I1 P;aJ\I1 II rersr. Ho npeMOUH J~ouo6aJIa, cranurero no rcrane nouoro 06"bCJ(HHorrIlH, pa3llIITIIO UPOII3DO,n:I1TOJIhIIbIX C 11:1 y nanaircuax IIJIOMOH npanerro yme K OT,D;eJIOI1HIO pexreczra OT 3eMJrOp;eJIUH, r;IY60IW aamemuce COD;lIaJILHOO II HMYIU;CCTBCHHoe uepBBOIICTBO iJ:aIWB, KaK, nepOITTHO, II npyr-ax UJIeMOH, BXO;::(ITII~UX: B OO"be;~I1HeHI10, C03;.(aJIO nee rrpe;::t;nOChlJIKH ,r:t:JIH n03HHKHOBeHllIT rocynapCTna. BaacTb TIJIeMeTIHOro BOIR)J,rr nponparunacr, B u:aPCl'YIO. Hu OCHOBamm ncax ::JTHX cpal{TOB, a rarose p;aHHhIX aUTllqIH,IX uncarerreii I-II nn. H. a., KOTOpsre CTaJIH OTOmOCTDJIITTb ,n:aKOB C rOTaMH II npeBpaTHJIH llJIe:\ICHHoe HMH naxon l:l naIl1lOIIOBaliHO MHornx pa3:IHqHblX lIJIOMen, otiaraumax B paiiouo JIODOOOpe/HbH II (tamero ,ll;YHaa H TpaIlC(fJIbBaHIIJr, MLI MOiROM CqIITaTh, 'ITO DO II nexe H. a. yace Ha'UlHaOT C03;::t;aBBThCfl ll:aKlll1CKaa lIapO;::t;HOCT:b I,

1 G. ~ t e f 11 II. Contributll arhoologice [a cunoastarsa Dacilor •• , CTp. 31.

raaua II

3ABOEBAIU1E ,[(AIUUl PIHlOM H OPfAHI13AlJ,I1R ITPOBI1IIJ ~IIM

Il ep noe CTO;rtlmOIlCIIIIO PHM,UIII C ,a:aIWMH OTIIOCHTCfl erue H nopBoif nO;;JOlllIIIO 1 II. no II. 3., xor.ia, Hall: namer <D.'lOP, npOJWHCyJI Manenoann fan Capnoouaii Hypaou, npec.tenya cppalmiicRn:e IIJIeMeHa, «J(OIIIeJI Jl:0 ,L(aIHm, IIO ucnyrancn MpaRa ropusrx ylIIOJII1{J» 1. 3UTCM CTO;;JTHIOBOIIIIH IIOBTOPHIOTCIT OYOH}, 'laCTO. IOmrM:

QC3apL XOTe;'! IIpOfJ:IIpJ1HflTL aiccue.ntruno n ;~aI{J1fo, no lIO ycne.r. AnrYCT rrunpanun B Manorromno Mapxa I\pacca ;(;'!IT noiinr« npoTUH p;aROB II 6aCTapHOB 2. 110CJIO aroro H noxon npOTIIB ;'(aIWB orrrpauuaca :TeraT lIaHHOlIl111 lneii ROPJIem1it JICIITYJI. il\oJIaf.! 06030rraCllTh PIlMCKYro rpauuuy OT nOCTOHIIHhIX Hu6orOB fJ:UJWB, HOTOPI.JO, IWrJl:a 3aMep3aJI gYHuii:, cnYCHaJInCL crop M rpa6HJTM cocejturre 30M;;JH, OIl OTTeCHI1:T UX OT crenoro Geper-a ~yIIafl nrJIy6h TOpPI1TOplHI 3. lIoBM,J;IIMOM)', irananeu IHI nauon CI1;{bHO TPCBOmnmI PU~IClwe rocynapcrno - na Pyoc/l,e I n, 1(0 H. o. - I n. H. o. lIo cnnnere.n.crny CneToHIfH, BO{ICI\a~f A mYCTa JlpnIIIJIOCh oTpamaTh ax nafier-n 4. Crpax pnvcrcoro 0611(OCTBa ]IOPO,'_( 3TUMH HaoeraMII IIaIDC;;J CBOO orpanrenuc II B crnxax I'oparurn 5. B P03YJlhTaTe nOXo,o;OB PHMClUIX no.nro aonnon nr:Ty6b TOPPUTOPllIf, nacoJIelIHOn reTO-fJ:aHUMCJWMH nrrcveuaxrn, ome.n.nue n;IOMeHa nofiencneum.rx plIM:THIlaMII « napaapon. IIOCOJIlmHCb n norpaun-rrrsrx 30MJIflX, 'lTO L\OJIiI\TIO 6bIJIO 06JIOr'lilTh oxpany PlIMCIUIX rpanuu OT nanaJ(CHHH )J;alwiicIUlX ropmrx IIJICMeH. TaR, no cBII;J.eTO:IbCTBY Crpationa, n Ca:lIOM nauaae I n, CeII:CT o;rJI1ff 1\aT nopecozucr 1'13 otinacrn reTOB C ;;JOHOrO 6epera J~YHafl B MC3lIIO 50 TbICH'l (<napnapon» 6; npa Hepoae JIOraT McaHII Tn6cpuii Il naaruii Crcn.aan

1 Flo r., Epil., I, 39, 6. ~ Cas s. D i 0, LI, 23, 2. 3 Flo r., Epit., II, 28.

4 Sue t., Augustus, 21. ~

5 H 0 r., Od., I, 35; III, 6; Sat., II, 6, ;)3.

6 S t r abo, V II, 3, 10.

60

nepeceaun n MeJHIO A.'If{ YIIJIaTbI nana 60;180 100 UICITl! «3aAYHaj;iI~On» (transdanuvianorum) 1, CPOAl! HOTOPI,IX obI:m H rero-naIWIICIme IIJJCMeHa Baaaxnu.

Ovens COPhC3HbTO CTOJ1lmOBeHItH PMMJlHH C Aal\aMH, 0 lWTOPbTX coxpaaanacr, nacr.xeanne CnJf,1,CTe,IJ,CTUa, upOU:CXOAH~1H I1plI ,D;oMlIu;naHe. 1I0BM~WMOMY, B 3TO npoxa 06'hC)1;ITHCHlIC, CO~;(aHHOC Aal\lIIICHUMM BOiI'AHMlI, npencrasnn.ro 3ITa'IHTC:IbHYIO yrpoay AJIn PMMCIwro rooynapcrna, M HC TOJIbHO nOTO:\IY, lITO AaInI nana}la:m na pll MCRllC nnancnnn M rpafiana 1'0 pona, HO 11 IlOTOMY, 'ITO I\al~ ron suo na rpanuue PlfMClW1I lIMlIeptm B03JlMl,a;'l0 xarcoeHl16Y;J:h HPYJlIIOC 001>ell:lfHeHJfO nacxren, B HeM CTa pan I1Cb nafira ouopy nee 3aBHCHMr,rC OT PUMa n:ICMOHa, nenoaoasusto PMMCRlIM rocnoncmoa, a TalGKC npu/K'1e6HhTe PI1MCIWMY npanarenscrny :meMeHTLl B11Y'rpl1 uxmepuu.

Tal" B nanane I B. nparaxt Puna .tanan y6olIanu:e Mapotion 2, CTOHBIDnii DO r:IUDC MUIlhOMaHllCT\HX IIJIC)1eU, a TIOC:IO nero BUIIlIl1:iI. BOPOHTHO, IT gOIIcoa;r OXOTllO CoonpUJl nonpyr eooj[ nenonocn.mrx PlIMCIUlM axrncparopctcuxr pe/lmMOM, noarovy TpaHII, 3aWIlOQall MlIPHhIll AorODOp C ;~el(COa:IOM, OOYCJlOBH:I BLI~a'-Iy Aeucoa;rOM nepC60m'IIIRon. III Acu;eoa;IY rnrorenu 11 cocemrao, He;,];OBO:IbHhle PlIMCI\OH nO;'luTMTWII, JlJIOMOHa CBOBon 11 nauroa. IIOC:IC)l;HlIe, B03MOilmo, OTm3aJIlI eMY nOMOITIL CBOIIMII OTpll;:J;aMII IWHHlIl\hI, RaH pansrne OHII yme nOMOra:IH Mapofiony. gen;coaJI naxre 3aBfI- 3aJI CBH3H C II ap<pneH, aanoncr., nepoarno, Hal1T11 eerie COJ03HlfRa B 3TOM BPaJE;rJ;c6HOM PUMY rooynapcme.

II OBlI;'1;MMOMY , B I II. yaw HCHO HaMeTJ7IJIaCb OCHOHHaH lllIIIHfI 60PL6hl PUMa C «DapnupcIUIM» ?mpOM. "Yil,e rorna OHa HMO,Ia COn;Ha;rbIIbIll xapaurcp, lWTOPhIll: ocofienao OT'IeTJIHBO npOITBHJICfl noanrree, D nepno.t RpH~IIca PIIMCROH lIMuepHM Jl 3aBOCHaHl1ll ce «sapnapaxua, xorna I{ «aapaapav. rarorona HO;(OBO:ILIlhTO PMMCHUM rOCnO)l;CTDOM If yrncrermue MaCCIJ, a na cropony PUMa 'IaCTO nepexo;:J;J7Iaa «BapBapCRaH» 3HaTb.

UTY COIIl1aJlbHYIO CTOPOHy 60pb6bI gene6aJla C PmIOM 6ypncyaaasre nCTOplIl\II OOXOJ(lIT ?w;r'IaHlleM. HceHonO:I, Ilr.rpnaa, Mopra If rtp. Bll)l;HT D noirne PUMa C .n:amUIH nunn, CTpCM:IeHne 3aXBaTllTI, HOBLIe 30M.:IU If YHll'ITOJRHTb yrpoay CllOlWiicTBl11O PlI?ICKlIX rpamnr, ror.ta HaR na caMOM none STa noiina Hn:rmmCb OJJ:HI1M If3 nasazn.nux oranon 60Pb6LI Pnaa npor an naCTYTIJIeIlIIH «aapnapcxorot Mupa, rrpcncrnanantnero yiJ\O rorna onpe;:J;O:ICHHYIO COIIIIa;IbHYIO carry. OpOJUrl3 M Ilopnan 4, noar.ayacr, He nomenIDlIMU AO Hac nCTO'lHUKaMll, Ha;H>lBaIOT u;apOM AaIWB, np a HOTOPOM

1 cn., XIV, 3608.

2 T. \10:\1 M;J e H. I1CTOPHII PFIMa, T. V, M., 1949, CTp. 47. 3 0 r 0 S., Vf I , 10.

4 [0 r d., Gct.. 13, 76.

61

HaqaJIIICh BOOHHI>le JJ;eiiCTBIiH nporan PIfMJIflH, )J;nypnauca. emIhl 06'heJJ;IlHl1BlllIIXCfI JJ;aRllHCRIIX UJIOMCH 6hlJIM Cl'OJIh 3Ha'lHTCJILUhl, 'ITO )J;llypuaHon PYRODOJJ;lfJI rp03HIJM DTopmcHHeM }J;aROD D Me- 311JO :lIIMOM 85-86 rr-, ,D;aRI1 pa3rpa611JIH PUMCIUiC ropona U xpenocru, a CPOAM nOTJIUmnx pWI1JlfJH ohm calf H8MCCTHHH MC3Ifll OnnUM CaUUH. ,IJ.OMIU~l1aH JIU'IHO npMbhlJI na MeCTO BOCHlIbIX ;l;eiiCTBIlM II nopyuan neneuue BOHHLI npe~CI\Ty npCToplfaHI~OB .H'0PHOmno <DyCl __ Y 1, HOTOPOMY ynanoos II3rHaTh naicou 113 Meal1u. aTa nofiena ObJ.iIa IIpU3J1aUa B PIIMe ;:I,OcraTO'lHO CCPhC31IOii, If n 'IeCTb Hoe ULIa ornpaanaonau TpI1YM{I). n pec;rzc,zzyn ,l{8I:;QB, HOpnCJ1Mii lDyc1\ JJ;all\e napenpananca 'IOPC3 l~y}fair no lJOHTOlIHOMY MOCTY II BToprCH nrJ(y6L ,n:afwiicHJ1X B:lal1:cmdi. Ho naua, npOHpaCHO MCUOJIh3yn MOCTllhle YCJ10DUn ,l{JIH DOOIlIILIX ;,-(oiicTnniI, orcpyacnna PJlMJIHII B ropnoxr paiione; nOrlCHO (DYCHa ][OTCpneJIO JIO;JHOC nopanrenae, a caM Oll ULIa y6UT 2. ;)TO nopaaceune JHIM.1flH cnfl81W8IOT C HMCIICM npyroro DOiR)_(H ,l1.UKOlJ, ,lJ,o~eoaJIa, ucropr.ni B03r;IaDlfJI 061.0iJ,H1HJnne namnicrcnx JI;Je~ICH IIOC.'1e ,lJ;HYPlfllflCH 8 .

.I{eu:06uJI He OrpaIUl'lII.iCH: 06'he,l{llHeHIW~1 O,l{IIIlX ,l{aHOB: OR 3aK,[I0'IIIJI COI03 C cocemnrau nJlCMeRa!\!I1 - 68CTapHaMM, POI{COJI8RaMl1 H capM8TaMU, [>GTophle e.'l1y nO;\lOra;m, - II, nepOFITlIO, ,l{06I1JICH na npeun cnooii noiiuhI C pII~1J1HlJaMl1 neirrpamrrera Ma pIWMaHOB II I\1l1lfJ:OD 4. ,D,UIU[ OiI\eCTOlJeIlHO conpOTltB.TIHJBtCb PIIMCWIM BO:H(maM. BLIIlY,Hi1:01JIme rrpa naCTYUJICHHII pIlMJIflII OCTanJIllTL eDOM 1I0CC.TICIIHil, .uUKlI aapunana Iwa;:(LI J, paCC'1HThlDUH nepRVThCH H I13rHaTb 3aXDaT'II1HOB .

• 1\01';(a B ;~amI!o 61,IJI ornpaunen p1111Clmii noauononen 'I'cr-ruii IO.ll1aH, BoeHHOC C'IaCThC H3MOnH;;J0 J(ol~e6a.'lY. ,IJ;almMcHIIe nneMeR a oaaaanncs He B cnnax ;,-(OJI1'O COlJPOTlJHJHlTbCfl npOKpaCHO 06y'IeHHhlM II cIIa6iIwIlHbIM BOOIIHbl!\iH 11U lIlI1l1UMH PM)"ICIOIM ;'lenIOIlUM. B03MOHWO ratoxe, 'ITO OT noonnoro C01038 ;.r;aRon orrrazra 'IaCTL n;JOMCll II pe3Y;JJ>raTe BU:YTPCHIII1X IIlIOTItROPO'1l1H: lwn H3 crpaxa nopen PH~[;;JHJlaMI1. Bo BCHlWM cnyxac, ~enooaJI, no Ba,UOHCh UpM C03,UamUI1XCH 06CTOHTO::IbcrnaX na 6.JuronpHHTJIhIM HCXOA BOHBLI, npanyamea 6LJJ1 npocirrr, Y pl1M.:mll Mllpa, aa lWTOPbIM, BIlPOQ()M, ,l1.0MMIJ;rmH COrJIaCMJICf.{ ne cpaay. J1,JIf.{ JJOperOBopOB o MlIpO ,n:e~e6aJI OTnpaBIIJI It ,lJ;mnm;uaHY CHOeI'O npU6::IHil\eHHoro ,n:Hera C rpynnoii ne3uaTHLIX «BOJIOCaTL!X») ;:J;aIWB .IiI Ouem;aJI BO;:lBpaTnTL PHMJIHl!UM OTlIH'fOC Y 1Il1X B 60lIX opyacao IT nnsaasrx 6. ,[(OMll.IJ.l1aH ornpanair nOCJIQB ,IJ;Cl(C6aJI8 II PIlM, a JIa rOJIOllY ,D;nera

1 Sue t., Domit., 6. 2:\tIart., Ep., VI, 76.

3 S. n ran dis. Decehalos. RE, Stuttgart, Hi01, T. IV, cr6. 2247 CR. 4 Casso D i o , LXVII, 7, 1.

5 C. S. 1'1\ i col a esc u - P lop S 0 r. Le trcsor dace do Poiana Cor]. «Dacia», T. VII-VIII, CTp. 203 'est,

6 Cas s, D i 0, LXVII, 7, 2. Cp. ero me, LXVIII, 9, 1.

62

c06CTBeBHopyqnO nancrr AHalJ,eMY 1, qTO nonxnro 6blJIO CTIMBOJIH- 3HpODaTb naponauue n;apCIWH: BJIaCTM napro naxon, HUH Obi naxo)J.llIu;eMYCH non npOTCI{TOpaTOM Paxa. Haxonon, B 89 r. OhJJI aaHJIIOseu MHP, no caysaro xoroporo ,[(oMHIInaH DIIOBI, upa3;J;HonUJI D PUMC TPHYMCP. 110 YCJIOBI1m.1 Mllpa ,IJ,oMll:U;llaH corauctcrca, IIO upocstie ,L(c:u;c6aJIa, nOCJIaTb B gaRwlo peMCC;;JOHHWTWB J\UR MJ1PlIbIX, Tali H noenmax cnonnanr.nocrea 2, ROTOPblO P;OJIiI\1Jh[ OblJJll 06y'IHTI, naHOD CBoeMY MaCTepCTBY H nOMO'lI, 11M D pa3BJ1THlf noeanoro nena , I\poMe roro, pnMJIHHC 06H3aJIUCb emeronHo BbIJT;;JatlHnaTb ,[(aRHII onpononennyro CyMMY. 1I0Bll)J.I1MOMY, ,nmm:u;naH BT,JITymneH 6I,U nOWTU ua TaRHe ycrynxn, 'ITOGI,I OCDOGOJ(llTh CIt;1hI AJJH GOPb6u C HarrUnaBUInMH B TO lJPOMH na rpUJlHl~['I IntIICI)JllI napnapcrcrnra rrJIO~WllaMII: capnaruxa, POI{CO;IanUMJ1, Ma pnoxrauauu II J(p.3

,[(cI~06aJJ nOHI1MaJI, 'ITO noouaoii nranparnroi! II ncopyaccaaea pl1MCRUe JIOrllOlIhI J(aJIOJw rrpenocxonnr oro ap:-.HIJO J'[ XOTOJJ cretanHTb <lT0 II pcnocxoncrno C J[OMOIHI,JO PI1M;IllII me, a norosry cTpeMI1JJCfI nepenarr, pI1MCJ\YJO BOOIIIIYIO J'[ CTPOHTC.rrbHYJO TOXIII1RY, coopyaran HOBI,lC YIQ)OIIJIOIIHJ1, 113rOTOnJUfJI opyanre. TaI\lIM ofipa- 30M, n P03YJIbTaTC HoiiH l~m1W:U;HaHa pHM.rrflIJa\l 110 TO:Ibl\O lie ynaJIOCb IIO;(411HIITh ,Llmwlo, HO oua IIpenpaTlIJIUCI, B emo OOJlee ClI.:[ snoro H ouacnoro UpOTIInHIIIW.

Bcio CBOIO nomrnucy ,[(en;e6aJI nonxunan O,J:HOlf n;CJJJf: C03;::r:aTh MorY[J(OCTlleHHoe rOCYiIupeTIlO, crroc06IIOC HPOTlIBOCTOflTh pUMCJWll arpeccnn. H PUM,[HHO, JWnOqUO, aTO nporcpacno lIOHUMaJJH, HO, 1l0BIIll.IfMOMY, He l.JYBCTnona,rn cetia II cnnax cpaay nOJWIIlJ.I1TI, C ,[(aI\HOII. 110aToMY nnxro ne MOl' np ananar s cepr.canoro anaseHHII Ro:IUlPOMlICCHOMY ~IHpy, 3aIWIO'leHHOMY ll:oMUI~llaHOM C ,[(en;C6aJJOM; 06e CTOPOIIbI TpaRTOBaJIM oro JJUllI, HaH BpO~IOlJ HYIO uepensnnny. 11 xor-na BO rnane PUMCRoro rOCY,rJ:apCTBa ORa3aJICH ranoii nhIJ~aIOIJ~Jli1CH IIO:JIWBOJIen;, RaI{ TpaHH, OH npeacne ncero sananca n;OJIbIO nonsnnurn, I1MIIOpHI1 nocnotcoiinoro J(YIIaHClwro cocena, I10JIY'lMTb nonuo ~IaCCbI pafion, coxponnnta 11 cuotiornnre 3eMJIII nJIR pnMCRMX pa60BJIanOJII,:u;cn.

C lIpUnJIeH110M TpaHIIa CBR3alIO J13MeHCnIIO PHMCRuM nncmaeii 1T0JIJ1TlIRW, rcoropaa CO BpOMelIH Anrycra ocrananacs, lIO npcuaymecrny, 060pOlll1TeJIbHOH 4. Pa60BJIaneJIhqCCRaH cyuinocrt, Pl1MCROH HMIWpm'I H H01130eamo CBH3aHHUH C Heii: ronnerrunu IIOIWPHTh HOBbIO TeppJlTOplIll, 3UXBaTbIDaTI, paOOB, 3eMJJII H npyr-ao fiorarcraa, BHonI, npH TpaJ1HC npOHBIIJIl'ICb CO DceM CIIJIOH. He CJIY'1aHHO Tpaan ncacn aa noxopemrex ,[(aJ\HJI YCTpeMHJICR na BOCTOH, rne npucoenllHIIB Hariareiicnoo :u;apCTBO, JIaqaJI noiiny C lIapcpHeH n noxsnnJIfm namo 0 noxone B l1HnJ1JO. BMeCTe C TeM, CTpeMJICHHe Tpaana

1 Mart, Ep., VI, 10,7; Casso Dio, LXVII, 7, 3. 2 Casso Dio, LX\'IJ, 7,4.

3 H. A. M a m Ii If H. I1cTopHH ;:J;peBlIero PH\f3. M., 1947, CTp. 435. 4 TaM me, CTp. 436.

63

3aBOenaTI, ;_!;almIO CBH3aHO 6LI;:ro raroue H C 60rraHhIO nopen yCHJWHHOM llIlOHb OOpa3YIOluerOCH ;~al{l1ifcIWrO rooynapcrua. Iloperonopsr .D;eueoa;;ra C J1apqJHIIClmM UapCM yrpox.anu 6e30lJaCIIOCTH BOCTOlJ.HbIX PUMCIWX IlIJOl3l1IIUllii, B cay-rae me 3aBoeBUHIIH ;:_t;aIWH pHMJIlIHe noayuaaa BLII'O;(IIYIO Il ;)f\OHOMHlJ.eCIWM 11 CTpaTCrJ1llCCIWM OTHOmeamr TOppIITOPllIO, npO,:.(CTal3;UmmYIO Y;:J;oGHLJii WIaU)J;apM ,1J;;;ra orpa.sennu nauarteuaa napaapcaux lI~Ie.VfCH.

B 101 r. T'pauu ua-ra.r xounearpapouarr, uoiioua na ,1J;YHaiicIWH: r-paunuo, a IlMCIlIJO B .vIC31I1I. TY)J;a OhI~IO crnuyro 12 nernouon, MHOFReCTBO nCIIO.\lOraTo:rbIILlX noiicr; M MopnWf .\1e3uirClwro cp:IOTa, ncero 110 xrenee 100 ThlCHlJ. 'ICJIODCK 1. Ba3011,(;w lJaCTYU:WIlHH lIBiIHrracs Mean», orryrta ;::I;OCTaB:IHJIOCh np0il;ODO:II.CTHHe P;:IH noiicua, neiicrnyioutcro D LJ,aFmH. OClIOBaTCJIhHO J[O;(l'OTOBIlB l{aMlTaHHIO, TpaHH DOCHOii 101 r. BLICTynlI:J npor aa rtauon 2. ;{Harr, 'lTO OMY upnnercn IIMCTI. noao C IICKyCHLTI\I nparox, JlOllLnfM, CIlOCOOlIhiM na noemrue XfnpOCTU, TpaHH noiicrnonan C llCI{;'IIO'IHTOJIbHOii OCTOPOil\nOCTLIO. MO;:J.:ICilHO nportam-aacr, DlICPO,l, no TO My mo, yaw anaROMO:.\1Y PI1:\1:IHlfa.\l, MapmpYTY, rne B 87 r. meet TeTTl1ii IO;maH, Tpaun CTPOMII:tCH aarcporrarr, aa cotioii aUHflTYIO Teppl1TOpllIO. ,[(ume II He ncrpeuan npaxoro COIIporMDiIOHllfI, on npearne ncero 3aOOTI1JICH 00 YRpon;IeIlIIIT ruaa; plIMCHaH apxnn D ncnpoxomonax panee accax CTpOII:ra inapoxae, Y)100HbIC nopor-a, ,u;~IH oxpaau 3TllX noaux aprepuii 6yn;YU(OM npODI1HIJIIH B03;1;urU'a,1Ifeb upenoorn (castella) 3 C PIHIClnIMH rapaaaonaua, ZICl'!IOHhl paavcura.urcs D CTapaTOJIbHO yr,pOII:rCIIHbIX .raropnx 4.

~1w IiC OYil:C~i OCl'anaB.lI1BUTbCH ua ;J;OTa,[bIiOM pasfiope xo.ra BoeHIlhIX ;::t:eiicTDllii:. 8TO ;rOCTaTOlJ.HO 1l0;~po6110 II n pa.I.:nl'l HbIX napua arax OCBelf~CIIO II JIMTCPUTYpC ii. HeT rau.xo HOOG'\O;(I1:\!OCTII npnuomrrt, CIICTCMaTIfTIeCIWe 01lncaHI10 H 00l,}JclfcHMe I, oapcm,ecpaM IW:rOHllhI Tpanua 6. 110 ofia nonpoca I1pJ1X()~(JfTC}I OTlJaCTll 3a:TPOHYTb, nocuo.rr.rcy noenmre )J;CMCTUIIH cnaaauu C IIOCJIO;:XYIOJlll1M 00 pa30BaH 110'1 npODIIIIIJIIll.

PUMCI{uH apxtuu BbICTYIIIfJIa M3 l3IIMIIHar~HH B;:J;OJlI. ,I1;YllaH I, rcpenOCTII .Tcncparc, rne OHa uepeupananacr, lJ.Cpe3 pcxy IIO llOHTOHnoxrv :\IOCTY. 3;~eCb B PllMCROM narcpe COCTOHJLOCb D IIplleYTCTBI11! mmeparopa II ncoro BOHCJ\a TOpiI\eCTDeUHoe IHCpTtlOnpllHOmeHlIe,

I 1.. H 0 III O. 1.(' hnut-ompire. Paris, H):3:I, C1'(I. 451. ells s. D i 0, LXVIII, 6, 1.

C. C i clio rill s, WlpT. 1 I!l 2. 4 TaM me, TWpT. 10, 12, 14 M lip.

5 XO,l noounrax neiicTRlllI 1I0,1POOHO H;J,IOmeH y C. P II t s C L, Der Krill! pf um den Donauraurn unter ])0111 itian and Trajan.

6 3'1'0 e ncveptn.ruatomcii HOJIIIOTOii: cno.iano l(ItXOPl1yCO~1 11 IlcrepceHO.I! (c~l. C. C i c h o r Lu s, Text.hand, II ·ITI; Petersen. Trajans Dakische Kriege, T. I-II. Lpz., 1899-1903; TH""\(' G. A. T. D a vie s. Topography and tho Trajan Column. JUS, 1920, X, crp , 1 c.r.).

64

lWTOPOO ~OJlih:HO 6hl:1O CBlI~eTeJlbCTBOnaTb 0 TOM, 'fTO (iOrl! IlOJ{POBHTOJlbCTBYI0T pllMdHllaM If oupeu.uaueror lIX I\POB3UbIC )l;eJIa.

IIOlllIMUlI, 'ITO Y nero HO xnarur Clm OCTaHOBliTb HaCTYIIJIeUlIC Pl1MJIlIlI, ,LJ.eu()oa,[ nutipa.r ocofiyio <fJOP),IY BC;.(OlllIlI noiunr. Oil lie UPJlIUlMUJl IJCIIIHTC~lhllhIX cpa/I'CHIlii, U orcryrraa, aannetcau npara nr.~lyoh crpauu. :JCTY'flIO OTJ!HJrhl natcon (puc. 27) IlOeTOHlIlIO TpCno.xun n PI1M;1HI!, BhrOl1pUH CUYlhlC HCOiJOI;\allllhlC MO:\leHThl )\:1f1 lIanU,J;CHl1H, lie iJ,anun npary JIOl\oH II ;~OplT\3 cro TIOCTOHIIHO

nacropoacc. 1{ (UOIIHa Tpunua OTOO pail\UCT ory noeunyio ra In Jill\y, XOTll, l>Olle'1I10, C;IC)\YOT j'YHTblHaTL BeChJIU o.tuocropounnii, TeHj\OHl(IJ03Hhlii xapairrcp ;\HIIIIOJ'O II(~TOTIHH1\U.

H U PC';I hCqlUx IWJIOHII hi nCT 1)O'weTCH JJ306PUil,CHlIe (IW pl. j 8) Jlcaa)la'I,'IIIIlOl'O ;(ulwiiclwro pU3nC;l.'IIIIW, II ouanmcro n pyrO'r npara. ;ho uOPO;IUThTii, ;J::II1JIBOIlOJlOChlH napnap n ;l.:UIIllILIX urranax H pyGal!lI\c ;\0 IW:IOH, IWT()POl'O eo eBiI:WHJlhI!\IH IIU CITMHO P.VIW;vll1 plDlel\1I0 (,OJ1;l.aTbl ramar au 1l0:IOCI,1 1\ lUlllepaTOpy. lIa ;IpYl'mt pcru.erpo (uapr: 11) 1I0P:'W(lKllBaoTcH rrOCTOHHlHlH HaCTOpoaHlHHOClb 1)1"".:'1 HII , B :1100)'10 ~1I1 II yTy rOTOBhlX OT pa;HIT h naua;WlI110 naxou, repOll'lOCRII OTCTal111aIOII~ITX eBOIO ~IC~WJ(). Tapu aaon , C.l1;OI~l1fr B I,POIIOCTI1, I1ymilaoTcH n IIIIThOBO{! 110;(0, no TU" I,UI, PI1MCl{OM'y cO";laTY o uacuo C".VCTJ1T['CH I; rrporeicaroutcvy BHl1:~y PY'!T,IO, I10TOMY 'JTO;la )WII(;:r:hIM "OJlOpOTO~! :\10jl,OT cupuuarr.cu HpHr,o;J:Ul[ Pl1M:IHlUUI orupau.urorea aa BO;IOi1 no.t oxpanoii Tpex llOOPY'''CIIHhIX ~Iel'n()"cpoB. (hpllilhl ;[lIiWH 'laCTO ll:lOopuil;aloTcH c pcnu :18POBI,(>ll.

5 H. T Hpyrcrareona

~aIOl n.{lIBYT B JIeCaX, oruyna, HOnll)l;lIMhlC plIMJIRHaMU, MOrYT IIX DOCTOrrUilO TPOBOilUITL 1.

1I0, HeCMOTprr na TPY;rJ:HOCTh )1;JIR plfMJIRH aroii, naponnor o rnna, noinu.r , TpaHH Me;VlCII1IO, HO BepHO DpOJ(Dl1ranCH nnepen. Tal, OH J(ollleJI )1;0 nxona II ropuyro 30ny ~aIUIH, rne Y Tallo npoJ130m:lO, 11 uicoucn, nepnoe H pynnoe I,POBOll pOJIl1THOe c pamoH 110, B pe3Y:ILTaTe JWTOpOro )1;aJ\aM I1[JJ1nIJlOCL OTCTynI1Th. Pl1MCJ\I1{1 CJ\Y~lbIlTOp aanexarrron na pcrn.cqiax lWJIOHHLI OJll1H :113 :HB130}J,on aroro OTCTYIlJIOHJffl; MLT BI1P;I1M, KaIl: pllMJlflHO IIOilOi!,rJIM nepennnnue noxa ]l;aIWB 11 no pnaJII1Cb aa uepnyto lllWIJJHlOlO orpany nanniicxoro DOCeJIOIII1H, IIOIHIHYToro ItUneJIHMlI. Ha 3ap:IIC'M naane u306pamcrr Ol~PYiI,CIll!htii PlIOM II Im110IlIIOli CTClIOii, yuopHO 060- pouaesrsui )1,al,111Inmii aKpOIIOJIb C nO;l,1,CMHI.IM MOCTOM Y BOPOT llXO)J,HOH oamH.u. Ila-aa CTCHbi na DhlCOI,IlX uiecrax B.I1JlHOIOTca xeperta y6UThlX PI1MCHUX W10HHbTX 2 (CM. pl1C. 28). BI1P;Hbl p,alUI1ICIU1" suauon B B11}J,C :lOTYlJOrO npanona n narimonareasuan numxa aa CTO:16ux. Tenopr, BOltCIW Tpaaua }J,Bl1iHeTCH yxce K cm,lOii CTOJIIIT(e naxon - Capxunereryae. ,n:eueoa:l BLJHymp;oH nocnarr. )lJIJI ncperonopon nOCOJIbCTllO (xapr: 37), HO Tpas ay 01Tl0 pallo 3aHJlIO'Ian. MI1P, eTl\e CJ1I11I1IWM MaJIhI pe3YJIbTUTbI noiilJbI II lWOll(,Ynn1hI oe BLlrO,'.\bl. IIOll; npertnor-ov 1I0p:OCTaTOlJHOii 3I1aTIIOenl npncnauarax JlOCJIOfl, Tpaun OTI\a3aJICH C Hlll1fl1 rOnOpl1Tb II nponormcan HaCT)narecn.usnr Mapm cnotrx BOlICH, llPO;n,O;IaWH 3aXBUTJ.IJlaTb AaIH1llcicae JlOCCJICHllH I1 aatinpars B unou OCTalllITl1XCH TaM craprten II mellIHl1II (xapr. 29). BOeHHbJe p;eHcTBHfl npCl\paTllJII1Cb JIllIIlb C naCTYTJ:ICIII1CM 311Mbl, If TpaHII, paauecrun apvuro na 311MHl1X xsapr apax, B03BpaTlfJICH B PIIM.

BOClIOij 102 r. noennsre JI:CHCTnI1fI navnnaiorcn nnons. IIa 3TOT paa MH IUll1anIDY 60pOT geu:c6aJI. OH J_(eJIaeT nOTJbITII:Y, upopnan npaBIJH <pJTaHr pI1MCHOrO <ppOHTa, uaHOCTH ynap JIO IlX l'JIaBnoti onoparusnoii 6a3e. B OTCYTCTBI1C Tpanua, :lalw1OQI1R C0103 C capaar aaa 11 YClfJICIIHblH HOIIHHDOM r-apvrarcxoi-o nJIOMOHII PO[\CO,laH 3, OH lICpeXO]l;IIT no Jlh)(Y J(YHaii 11 ocaisnaer narepa

1 C. C i C h 0 r ius, l{apT. 24, 41, 47, 1:3;)

2 I1HTCPCCIIO, 'ITO apxeoaor-nvccxnc lfC(':W,10BaIllUI nO,!{TRCpmlWIOT 111' TOpl1'IeCl\YIO J(OCTOBCPHOCTh 6apc;ILc<f)OIJ KO:rOllllhl. Parrcornra B 11011llfl .-l,I(,BHi\eTCJ1hCTBOBU;1lI OO!.I'Hl ~ jTUIBlliCrO 3;.ICCb lI:re~ICT1l! RhICTflBJ111TL v BOPOT noce.;JCJlHH HJIlI Y BXO;(a B mlIJmmc JlOOCnHTCJHI or pcan HlIhte l'O:IOBhl nparou. C1!. 11 ot E. V 111 P c. Los Ion i llos de POiUIlH, fTP 3i,H Fr-po.ior (IV, 10:1) OnHt'I.IBtWT :nOT oi3LI'wii HUH CBoiiCTB('I1Rhlll TflJlpa~1 II pit P1l( ]{OIIl,aX [fUCHY;IliP:J:JHIHl Tome 6hl:l Haii;(t'Il OT(,(,'1CHHIJH 'ICPCII, 'HO Il\1C(~Te (' J1(,(,IWJlhl\J.f~1H <Jepcnd:.m, OOllUpY;IIClIHLlMI'I B IiOflHC, l'f CBl'f;lCTl':lhtTJlO\l PP"hl'l~()B HO,'IOllllhJ TpUHJJa 1I0aBO.:lfll'T ~"TDep»qaTL 0 CYIIlCCTBOBa 1111 11 '1"111;01'0 x.e 00r.1'11I11 Y ruro,..(ijJ\HMl'l;I'U lI;lC~leli

3C.Pats('It, Yr;u~.cO'I,CTP, 67,C Cirhorius, ,WpT. 27 II ~1.

66

PHM;1flH D HHiImei1: Me3HIl 1 (uapr. 37). OqCBIl)l.IIO, .IJ;en:e6a;r pacClJl1TbTBan na rtormepxmy rCTOD M J(pyrltx Jl:TC\teII, HaCC';WBillIIX Manyro CmI<Inno; B aTOM, nODIIJ(I1MOMY, JI CJIC;(yeT IfCHaTb npwHllIy ero rropnonavam.noro YCIIcxa, 110 6hlCTPO IIOJ(OCIICDIIIIIii: C peucpBaMII TpaHH orpaann nauaacnne. Torna ~e[(o6a;r erno paa 1I0C;JaJI CIOJ(a CDOIO apxmo, H npoaaomno llTOpOC T\pyIlIlOC cpairconao. ,r.t:nOH HaCCHii COOOln:ae1', 'ITO B ;:noif 6lITBO Or.T.:1O Tal, ~{H()ro parroHIJX, 'ITO Y pmnran He xuaruno nepeBl130'IIIhiX CPO;(CTD IT 1l0:nO~Iy 6YJ(TO 6bI caM TpaHH rropnan CDOli O;1:eil\;-(I,I na nopeanaounraii :\Iarepaan 2. -

Tcnopr, T pann 1I0::IY'I11.'1 nO:IMomHOCTh ucpuyrscn H cnocxry ncpnonavarn.rroay I1;IaUY nCil,CI1HH noiiuu: Oil OTX()]J.IIT B ;l PO- 60Ty J1 3aTeM OIlBT}' nnor rta cencp, na :nOT paa no ;l:O';lIlHe p. CllCPHhI H r. TuoyCI\y. Hrupan '!aCTh ero Boiicl\a nnuranacr, JlO c ra poii nopore, 11 Tnfiycrc, aaa\aTi>IIl c nByX CTOPOII, na.r: nopora ua Capxurnereryay OTW3a.;yaCh OTI;:PIATOif. Onacuucr, aa CUOIO CTOJIlIT\Y, .rt;cn:c6UJI DUODL OTllpaUl1JI IIOCJIOB, 1IIl ;)TOT paa yil\C H3 3lHITUhIX, HOCfJIIUfX 1I0RJIO'lHhlC tnaruca, ;J:al;:QB ('";(:\'1 -;-;~).,)';,6f<.U'I) 3, npe.taaran aUH;J[O'IHTb 1\1I1P na :TTO()y,JX ycaourrux. lIa /)lllf()!l-l 113 PC.rrbCq10B 11306pamCHO, I\aR l(UHU iiCJ\lIO uoaour IHi Iw;rCHH x y~IO.:lmOT T panna nOltTiI na ycrYIU'11. 'I'paun COrJIaCll;ICH noc.rurr. ~:Irr I1CperOHopOB .D;ByX BOCHa'Ia.nLHHI\OIl, 110 l~cr~c6a::I B lIOC.:1e;UIJOIO xnmyry IICpClI.YMU::I 11 ua YCJlOllJlCIIIIOC M(,CTO He HBIIJICII.

CrpCl\IHCb YllnQTO;IHITh nCHTp conpo-nm.ronnn nauon, 'I'pauu ll.GI1UYJI apxmro I( CapmmCI'CTY3C. PC"'lbC<phI UCCLMa OTHPOBCHlIO 11306paiIWIOT, 1\31, (HlM/WIlO OCCI[OIHa;(lW ncrpccnruor COnpOTl1BJImOIT(HXCH narcou 4, IWI, rpY;llUIII ::ICiKaT re.ra y61lThTx5 II 1'0.:1- nasnr aaxnaruuarorcn B 11;,'IOH l(al,l1iicl\l1C Mya,'IHlIh[ G. 110 TI ;(aJar rte OCTaI0TCn II rr:O.'II'Y, OBI'! corrpornnrrnrotcn C OTQUflIIIILIM MyJlWCTBmr 7. PV1l'vmrrllaM C OO.'1hIDHMII nOTCpHl\U1 npllXO;~HTCH IDTypMODan. n:amllIcHHc "PCIIOCTII 8. ;~amfifcl\]lO ncennuruu MCTHT npary aa CBOI1X Mymcii. IT a PCJIr.C<p3X IW::IOHlIhI 11300 paiI\CHO, HaH OHI1 if\ryT oOHamCHIJI.IC rena lIJl(,UIII,TX pI1M/IHII roprrlIlllMl1 <paHe.rrUMII (xapr. 45). ~lcrn,naJIHUIl B noiinax, xopotno nncuu-

1 C ororo c06wnm nasnnaror 31'nfR10IO liu:vmaUIlIO :1. O~IO (yr.a«.

CO'l., crp. 456) 11 A. HCl'HOfTO.1 (e Histoiro des Hou muins .... », crp. 43). ORU ocuonr.rnatorcrr Ha IIIUTHTIII1IW 113 Anaxncraccn, rcoropr.ni 6r.1., Hlw6bl noCraBJICR B 'IeCTh noGe;v.1 nan Aar\a~nr II poncoxanasnr. 1\. IIaTq (YIW:l. COq., crp, 67), OIlI1PallCh na icapr. 31, 33, 37 11 38 1;0.:1011111.1 Tpaana , C'lHTHCT, qTO nananonao capanros IIPOIl3(lIlI:W ;{O :nB!TJ.

2 Cas s. D i 0, LXVI II, 8, 2. 3 Cas s. D i 0, LXVIII, 0, 1.

4 C. C i clio rill s, xa pT . :H, 20. 6 TaM mc. napr. 40.

6 Ta~1 mc. IWpT. 62, 70, 40. 7 TaM iKe, l,apT. 71.

8 Tnxr »ce, tcnpr. 71

68

nnaanponauaan pHMCHaH apMIHI, llOCM(JTJHl WI yuopuoe coupornn.il0HHe .ll:aHOIJ, lIaHOCllT 11M pellUlTCJILIIOO IlOpamOIBiJO. ;)Ta nOCJIO.ll:lIHR OI1TBa 1 aalJO'-IaTJIClIU na pern.ediax lWJIOIIllhl Tparnra (xapr, 72). l~lfon Hacclti;( COOOII(aeT HaM 0 cypOllJ,]X YCJ10UlIRX ~lllpa, na J.{OTOpr.1O lIIHlHYiR;:r:cu OWl cor:laCI1TLCH ;~cl(e6a.'l: TpaRH IlOTpe6oBaJI OT nero BT,);:.(a '-III plHl.'IHllaM OPYiHI1H, uoeuuux MaTOpl1aJ10H, MalIUIIl II :\WeTCPOIl (:J.'r.ZavY.:J.!X,,;'l. ,;ou; ";~ p:1)X('.(VO;;O~OU~), nOJIY'JeHHbIX OT M0:\-IIIUHUHa, noaupara ncpeOCa,'lHnOB, pa3pYHlClHIR yxpenzreJIT1U. I\pOMC roro, l~cIIcoa:I )(O:lmCH OWl YCTYUIlTh PliMY CapM:U:lwrcryay, ::mal,Yl1pOUUTL 3axualfOHHYIO pYlMJIHHa:\-1H reppuropmo 11 11:'.H'Tb C PtHIOM 0611l1lX npyacii H uparou 2, T. e. nO.'lmeH GLI,I JIOMoraTh TpUIiHY Il na.n.nciiumx oro noxouax. ,l];0I~c6aJI aa 3Tn yCJIOIllHl COraaCH.:lCH. OCCHL]O 102 r. Tpauu, ocraunu apvuro B CapMHHCI'CTY:1e 11 pa.crecruu 11()1l(~IOiIY B crpauo rapIIlfaOIII,I, BCPHYJICR B PIf!lt 3. OH YCTJlOIt.:j upa.cmecrno B 'lCCTb nofiensr U nplUIHJI THTV.'! «Dacicus», T. c. «1I00C',1)ITO;;}b AaIHfl1» 4. ITa pcascqiax IW:IOHHhl 'I'paaua llMCIOTCH 11300pai1\OIU1H J!,UnOB, yXO,l(HIIlllX C 3aXBa'lCHHhlX IllDI.:Jflua:\ll1 3C'Ml\'Il.: j"OHIIU111hl H l\lyiI\'lHlILi C nCTbMH na PYI<aX, ],OHHT ncpon co6oi1 crana 1I yxonur, OCTaBJlRfl rrYCThlo ilUIJIUlIla 5 (pnc. 24). TaH 3aHOIl'lI1;JCH IIOPBLli! I10pllO)~ namliiclwH BOHHbI 'l'parrna (101-102 rr.).

OJluaIW CBOOO)IO;;}J(JOURLIe ):(alurHClnlO Il;JOMOHa HO X o TCJUI npuuaparr.cn C 3aIlUCBaTCJlO:\1. B IIX pyr.ax cute OCTanaJIaCb 3Ha'lUTO.il r.nan rcppuropun, 11 ,n;cIIc6aJl HCUOJIb30IJa:1 3aI(JII0'lOHHIJU C plfMJllIHaMIJ MUP, '!TOOhl cnoua cofiparr, Cl1Jlhl. Ou cncrexarnlfOCJ\II na pyura.r oro YC;IOUIW, BCTyna.'1 n COT(\!lhI C cocenuxur, npaHH:\la:r rrepefieaouncou, oOy'lUJI I10;ll\rClI.lIOIIlfH u. IIoHI1MIln nauepe- 1Il11l ~leue6a.ila, Tpauu TOil(C' rOTOIlH.iICH K J)(,III1lTC~lhIIOii cxuarrce. q rofiu o6JrOl''lHTI. ucpeu paHy 'lCpe3 POJ'Y noiicuav H uOCCne'lHTb 6c30nacHocTh C HomcHlIrI C 'j hIJIO"'f, TpaHH IlU PY'HI.i1 <lIHUICIIUTOMY apXl1TOl,TOPY AIIO:I:lOJIOpy 11:1 ;~a~wcJ\a nOCTpOIiTL MOCT uepea ~YIlIlH, OIW':JO ) ~ po6cTJ.1, TOJlOTI}j(:b I]()MCnIUTh IIPIIl'OTou.'rOHlfHM naHOB, TpaHJI aacraua rrer ceuur B 104 r. OU'I.HBHTL BHOBb BOHHY p:a"aM II OTBeT HIl aUXBaT H\1W aCMCJ]" H3L1I'OB 7.

B 105 r. BOHHa nauanar-r, C nauancuun ](aJWIl na lIYHaHclm:e HpOnOCTll. ,l];0lIc6a,r X(}Tl'J1 CHona aac ra n, PUM:IHlI l:paCIIJlOX, n eMY ynanocs BepHYTb Capxiuucreryay II <lIlU'lltTO:JJ,lIYIO '1aCTI> reppnropna ,Uamm. Il pauna, TpaHH nO;(OCIIC'JI OhIC'fPO, HO, nauauan BOMHY, na 3rOT paa HC MOl' JlUIITI! lIpHMO I{ CapMHI(CrO'fY3o, a rrplrHymJ!,eH

1 C. C i c 11 0 r i \I S Cr. l l , rTp. a39) c"IIiTUCT, 'ITO OHa npoacxonana

B :\O:lI1He p. :\[YPCIII >tPilqy CHp~1I1llereTy:30H M Anynoxr. 2 Cas s. I) i 0, LXVIII, 9, 5-6.

3 TaM me, LXVllI, 9, 7.

4 TaM mc, LXVIII. 10, 1-2. 5 C. C i c h 0 r i 11 s, "apT. 76.

6 Cas s. D i 0, LXV III, 10, 3. 7 TUM me, LXVIII, 10,4

69

OT:JJI Ii30paTJ, HOllbrW nyTb xepea Il apnenu ], p (\1TY, na BYPpHnaBY, Hacrpa 'I'panaa, H yll\C:JblO HpacJIol1 oamHII, ocnofioxcnaa no nopOI e ocanmennste ).laHa~ll1 II:PCllOCTI1 Broparr BOHlIa npaofipena erne fioaoe OiKCCTO'IOmIf.Tii xa parrrcp, Hemc;rH nepnaa. ,IJ;110Il HacCMiI: yrnepmnaer, '[TO f(C1(COa!I, He nancacr, n060il11TJ. rpoaaoro pmrcicoro I1MJICpaTOpa, IlhITa:JCH nOJ(OCJlaTI, R nc'Wy y61Iifi(, HO 003- ycneturro Bence ynu'lHoll 01{a3aJIDCb 1I0nhlTlW aaxnarun, pnxcnoro oqllI:uepa R aCCHR J1 OHrlIHa 1, ROTOPblii arran nJIaII HaMCqCHHOH traxrnarnrn Tpaaaa, JIO nee era paJIlUI BhlDC,'WTb Y JIOI'O 3TOT IT.7JaH OHlI- 3a!IIICI. T1HeTHhIMH, a Tal, l\a" _rt:l'Ttc6a:I npennoaurn Tpanuy aa ocnofioxmcmre mf omcynupouanaof 06;rac'fu ornycrurr, Jl ouruna , II OCJl ertn 11 II 1I30aBl1JI IIMllcpaTopa 01 pcmCIIIIH 11 nonou-nur il\H3Hh caMoYOHiic,TBOM, nr.mnu Hll 2

no pCJlbeqlaM xoaonnu 'I'paaua !llOilmO npOC.TICJ(IITb, HaH PUl\Irraae, nponnarascr, JlO 1I01l0'WY nyru, P) 6Wf crcc, <'TpOnT B ropax noporu 3 BHOBh nponcxonnr iIWCTOhllC HPOHOHPO;01THbIC CXHaTlHI C MymecTBOHIlJ.J:\1 nparoxr 4, nOCTOHlIlIOO Oilm;laJlIlC oro Jlana;'J,eIHIH B03MOil\IIO, 'lTO PI1:v1MIHC, TpcnOiT\I1MhW )leliCTBHlDIlI HamfiicJUlx OTPfl)lOB, JfrllhlThlBa:1 H 3U Tpj J(IIOHHH C }.lOL ra BJwii npononozn.cruua , TaR na OJ(JlO~I H3 POJlbCtPOB 11100palhOHbI pnMCI,l1e COJliWThl, IWTopbTe caxu ihUYT TIIIrOlUIIly IIOllUJla;rCHY OT uoanuuiaromoroon na ropo PJ1MCJ{OlO naropn , npn ;:nOM c601\y CTOHT noopyaeenurao nemonepn, oxpaHHIOII(IIC paOOTaT<lllU1X 01' ncnrcnx HCOilaJ;~aIIIIOcTeif (puc. 2).

TeM He l\ICHCe nacTyn:ICIIItC PII\I.UIII npono.iznanocr, OT Rpacpoii 6UlUHJl TpaRH HanpaB:IHCTCH T\ Any.ny 11 aareu R CapuunereTy~e 5

ABTOp PP!IherP0n iTmBO 11:100pa311J! ocany J(ahIJilclwii" CTOlIHHhl BOJ1hIIIOll. ropon naxon, 06HCCCJIllf.rii MaCClIllHOH .ly6qa roil cTenoii, CJIOmClllIOH n3 xasnm pa3:Jl1QHOU: q)OPMbI II uornrsuara, npoTHHYJlCH no seprmnre rOpf,I II D Mom)lyropho 011 3UIlHfII(CU 3C.\I:IfIHhDf IlaJ10M (puc. 29). Paxtnnne nrrypayror ropon co ncox ('TOPOIJ, no.u.ayacr, OCap;HlJMl1 MamliHaMn Ii ;IOCTHHHaMH O,'lHaRO naror pCml1JIlI )1;0 ROHua ynepmasars CBOIO CTOmH(Y OllII ocsnraror pnMJfl1li HaMHHMH,

1 C a s s D 10, LXVITT, 12, Pat erse n (Y"U3 CO'!, T IT. CTP 5)

rosopnr 0 pomr Jlonr-ana, OCTllBJleHTlOrO Tpaaaoxr B Capvnnoreryae 2 Cass DIO, LXVIII, 12,4

3 eel C h 0 r IUS, rcapr 92

4 TaM me, KapT 94, 95, 96, 111. 112 II ilP

5 TIIM me, xapr 112, 117 n l~lfxoplfyc (T lI, CTp 3:-\9 <::1) T(OW13hIaaer, 'lTO :JTO He CllpMll1lereTY3a, 11 HOD1HI CTOJIIUla. 1I()('TpO(,lIHaR ;(aK3MII nOCJIe lIepBoi1 1l0iiuLI If ;W,fWI.L(HH j{1l.1eIW ITa llO(:TOJW (CTp ;'0:3) ;)TY nepCIllO uonropaer .:1 0:11"0 (YIW3 co-r , CTp 459) Mrronao 1\ Il uxopnycu onponopr-aer 1\ Iloropcen (yHa;J CO'!, CTl' 6-7). r.o ro puui , c.ronya J\lWHY I\accl1lo, YIW3hIBaeT, 'ITO CTO.1.lfl\Cll ([ho"tAEtQV) 61.1.,.-1 11 II uepBYIO l[ BQ nropyro ROHHhl Cap:IH1I.(CreTY3d 'I'anoro me MITClllfli upnnepxcasarorca A Hcenouon II It l lars

70

CfWThTBalUf nil 1I11ypMyJOIlUtX rpoxanm,re xaxtcnnuo rm,16hl, YCTpaHDalOT BhJJla3KI1 Ho MytHCCTllO lie MOrJlO UX CIIa<':TH, If npcnunn Capxmuercryaa cra.ra ;1.0ULIlJciI PUM;tI1IJ Hanpacno JJlaTHhlii na« ua IW;IOHflX MO.:H1T y Tpanna Mn.:lOCTII 1. rroiuanu ne 6yncT, nparn Tpe6yJOT JJO~IIIOi1 IWTIlITYJlllJOUf. Ho fI\C;JaH ornanai h pM!>f.lInHaM CROIO CTO:IMHY, JjalW l'BOI1MM PYIWMI1 nOJ(iI\l1rmOT ropon, rrpozrcto lJPM oro JIOI,l1I1YTb 2 lla axponoao BonCUI llpail\J~e611J,Tx

Puc 28 l'C:lbC!fJlJ hO;rOIlIIJ,I Tparma ,[(UKII aammnaior CBOIO CTOJIIIJ\Y Capvmtoreryay

PHMY naxniicnux IJ:lC\ICH, BHU)!, '1TO crracennn HeT, cotipanmacr, B TIOCJICJ(THftl paa B rcpyr, TIbfOT H)1; U3 ofiutero Hy6J,a3 (puc 13). PI1MJIHTIC, !(OCTI1nryn llo6c!jhl, rrpncryiraror 1\ rpa6omy; Memf{aMH n 60lIOIJlWMH OHM ClIOCl1T B naropr, 60raTCTBa, aaXBaQOHUhW HO D:lHTO~1 1'01'0)1;04 (puc 1), 'lT06hl nOTOM, naur.io-mn aa .rouranes , nepeuearu ax Il PI1M (pnc 5) 6.

Ol1.HUHO ca:lfOMY ;J;cllcoaJlY Y)1;aeTLH uemaTb B ropu H: Jt HO:VIY no 1aihrhl"'l nO(:HhIM TpOflHUKaM COOJlpaTOTCH TTOC~leJJ:H1lO OTPl1JJ:bI BCIlOIW POHHhTX na i.o Il 6 Erne HOROTO pOO HpeMH II pOl(OJ1iHaJl acs napra saucxaa 1l0HlJa, no, BHUH xpyuronao cBoeii B:laCTH If rl16e"'Jh

I (' C I C h o r r u s, rcapr 118 2 T/l~t )KO, napr 1ll)

3 THM xcc, HapT 120

4 Taw )KO, HdpT 121

5 I aM mo, xa pT 1:IR

b TaM ace, HapT 102

71

ncex CBOnX na;:r:cm;(, AeJ(eoa;:I l<OH'll1~1 ,1-\11311 b caMoyuuifcTBOM 1, IJPOfl:IIIB ('('on Jlll"IOM 2. OonUPYIiHIB CI'O TO:IO, pm\I:0lJIO, ITO CJIOna:\1 ;lllOlla Ii accuu , OTPYOWIH rU.'IOIlY llcl(coa:w, a aaTOM ITOCJlaJ1H co II PI1~[ .1. Mnoruo ThleR'l!! rrnouusix ;(aHOI1 Or.I~IH YBO)(Onr.r H3 CTpaJlhl 4, ThlCll'll! coxreii , uo ,ho;rrUfI 1I0;I'lllllflThCH pIIMJIHlIUM, norcuuy ~H,[ PO}IHhle xrecra 5, '1TOOI>I II PO;(OJIFtWTh CBOOOJ(II() nmTh n ('OCO;UlIIX OO;;IaCTHX.

Hropau II 1l0cm~~mIJ1 namUfCIWH noiina 'I'pauna 6hl~la aauou'WHa lliO(j 1'.6, M B peay.n.rarc 00 gUT,1111 Ohleta JI[lII(,OCJ(HHeHa H PUM(,[,OM uxmopaa. D PYIUI plnmmr ncpcruarr or'poxnu.te 601'aTCTHa. ;}"('O 6bJ:1I1 He TO:1hIW MaCChI patios, PY;UIl1I01 ueu u !.IX :o.WTU,I:JOB, J(OXOl(hr C HOTOPblX CJWpO cra.nr nocry narr, n IHlMcl\yro icaauy , 11 ne TOJl"IW CO.:lhCIWXo;-)f1iicTnOllIIaH IIpO.lyf-\IHIH, 110 IJU1100:lOe OhlCTPhlM Cpl'J(CTIlOM I101l0JIHeIIlHI PU;1O pennon P IL\I('IWii rmalll,I" o r..rJ I aaXJlUT PJ1M)JHHaMII coxpouum, eoopuIHlhlX }Uml1iielWil n~IOMOllllOii 3I1UThIO. Burne YiKO yno:'.1lfIla.loch, [\a], XY,:J.OlI\lIIfl', ue:lhlO IWTOP0I'() Ohl~IO llOCXlla:HIT1, PHMCIWC opyacno H noeHIIOC ncxyccrno Tpauna , no ·11101' uco mc HC orxrorurt, :)'('01'0 llaiI\IICiiml'l'o ;VIH PlI:\Ia noc.roncruuu uoiiir, - BOCCTanOIWl'JH1C En:mt.1. ~T ,'(l1olla h'aCCtffl :)1'0 JlUUI.TJO orpaarenuo n COOOIllOfllHI 0 UUX();(I\C rHDt:IIIIIUI\111 1'.:Ja;~a, aa pr.rroro ;\OUl'oa:IO~I 7.

DH:laIlTl1ilcro1il nncare.n, HoaHH JIIf,:..(Hiit.:I'IJii, uocx nannrr IOCTlInuana aa PI'O ycnexn IJU j(YHac, cpamrnuacr eI'O C TpaHHoM, IWTOPblH, (6Y:lytlJl nepnua, 1\T0 IWOC;:J,II;:[ rr-rou II nx napn J(ouefiazru, lIpl1BO:1 n Pnxr DOO paa ITO 10 Tblel!'r (jI)'Hl'OIl :lO;;IOTa II HllOii:Hoe lwn (;I'IC(,TIlO ocpefi pa, He (~tHITaH 'J 11C;W lla:l II paan H'IHOH IT,OHH()(,Tll1,y6I\OH, CTa;:!, opyatun , II OO:ICO ijO paa no 10 Tl.ICHtl x pafipnx llO IIHon c IIX 0 PY""l eM» 8. J (l1q) phI 1:1 a ne pm,Iii B:3r;llI.l HUil\.vT(~fI HC:1eITI,IMII, HO napIWJlllHO 9, paaOJ1parr paa~II1'lIlr.ll' (·II(·TeMI.1 rpC'I('CIOiIX )(CCHTI14IlhIX H300PUIIWIHIll, lJIJIIXOJ~nT 1\ BhIBO;(Y, 'ITO ~loaHHJIJ1J1.Hiicicuii , 11CnO~lb:l'yJJ ;(aHIIJ,re Ii pnroua, npaua Tpanua, 6h11l1f[0I'0 C HHM U l~amlll, oumtiouno YBC;:Jll'II1JI nee I(I1<ppr,] B 10 pus. E(:,:111 UPOH3-

1 Casso D io, LXVIlI, H.:3. 2 C. C i c h () r i 11 S, rcapr. 145.

3 Cas S. J) i 0, LXVTII, 1ft, 3.

4 C. C i c h 0 rill s, ,;apT. 150, 152. 5 TU~f me, IWP1'. 155.

6 «Dacia », T. VlT--VIII, CTp. 3:12-333. H. J(aiirwnll4l1y CQI1TaC1', 'ITO noiiuu oIWII'rM:WCL :JCTmr 106 r. 06 JTOM cmrncrcru.crnver uuxo.uca D r. 110- PO:IIH'ce ;.tlfll.lmHI 0'1' 11 aBrycTa 106 r., nponocrau.uunnoro npana rpamaaaCTRIl r o.i.un axr BCIIO}lOraTe:lT,HblX BORn, - co.r.nu y 1;01'OP1'I>' I Brittonum rni lliutia Llpia Torquata Pia F[idcliJ civium Hornnnoruru, IlPMIlIfMURllH~ii yuarruo DO 1l1'0POfi ;lH f;HRt:JWM Boil HC.

7 Cas~. IJ i 0, LX VIII, 14, 1t-5.

8 1011 II. L Y d .. De Maglstratibus ... , II. 2R.

9 C. C 11 r cop i II o. Los rlchossos des Daccs et lo rcgressement de I'Ern plro. «Ducia», T. I, CTp. 31 c:r.

72

HOCTH COOTHOTCTBYl011l0e YMOHbIIJOmIC, TO J(U<PPhl He OKamYTClI HOllpaBNlllo,n:oOIIIJMH. 3nr ooraTCTUa }(amr BO;lMOifOIOCTb Tpaauy paancpny'rt, ofinrupnoe CTpOI1Te,:]hCTBO, traxarr, rrapdunrcxaii noxon, ynC.'IJI'IHTb q ucno .'1CrJIOHOll 11 T. 1-(. BJlarOJ(3 px Il~r Tpaarr CMor npOff3B0;1JITh BHOOTWpeXl.Uhle paanasu PMMCKO:\fY napo;J.Y nnanmu nocno Ra)li;(oii If;) HaJ,IIM(;I\f1X ROJI II , n 102 11 n 107 1'1' 1.

Tal\11:'Ir ofipaaov , II lOG r. CaMaH: 60raTaH na COCOJ(Hl1:X rtyrraiiClil1:X ofinacreii ncpenr.ta BO B.'IaJ(OHIle pJ;E\IJHIH. B 110 r. T panu UhIBOJI na ,r~al\l1H 60;:1 i.rny 10 qaC'lb BOMCn 113 TOX, r.oropue yxacruoBaJIIl B nauniicuax noiiuax 2.

B CUOCl\1 cTpeM~IOJ[(IlI pacurupurs nnancnun Pnacrcoro rocynapcrua M :JaB~IU~(OTh OOraThgnr 3eM;;Ifll\Hl CBo60;l,HhIX panee naponon PlI:\IJIHUC ne:II1 MHOilWCTIlO l,pOROnpOJII1THf,IX pa300HHU'lbHX uoiiu, .L!:aIuHI B JIaUUO!\1 cay-rae ne npencrannana JICWIIOtWHlIll. 1I0 TOJIbIW OT }(a IWMC1Wii "1l.\WaUHH Tpasrra coxpaarrnocr, rarroa H pxoe CUHJ(OTl'JIbCTllO 0 x a par.repc PHMCIUIX BOMn, l\aK peJIbocphl lWJIOIIlIf.l Tpanna , IWTOPbJe, R COqeTUIIll11 C p:pynnul OTPhlBOlJuuxru cunnerc.n.crnaan HCT01JHlIHOn, II03BO;W10T ROCCTaHOBHTb oOII{Hii xapanrep flllMCIOIX aauocuannii ~~mnllI.

3axBaT aroii IIpOBI1H1U1l! P1IMJIHHaMll 6bm no,n:rOTOBJIPII BHyTpCHJJ 11M COllHaJIhIIO-oIWlIO.\HPIOClHlM pU3UJlTnOl\l :~aIOHf, TOM pa3- nuruen I1pO~WIlO}l,IITO.:1blILIX CMJI, rcoropoe 111\10;10 cnoux 1I0C.:10P:CTBIIOM )(a;IOI\o aamc.uueo COHllaJIbHOO paCCJJOClIHO narcou. qacTb naxniicuoii ponouoii apHCTOI,panIIf, nenonccn.aau YCM,'1l'IIlIOM n:apCH:OH: BJiaCTlI ~eHeGa;;Ja, 1I3~IOHHJIa O:\IY, nopofieraa na CTOPOHY Puxta. OHa, B rcoaue IWHI{Oll, npcnaaa /(OI~ooa.la, a OllHH 113 npa- 6.1:l1iReBHJ.IX ~OTll'6aJIa Bhl;W:1 ero CORPOllMIl(U pI1MJIHHaM, meJIaH 3ac,:-rYiIOITb 11X paCJ(O.10il\OHHO 3.

He cJIY'laii:lIo nepuue P:BU IIOCOJIbCTBa, IWTOPbIO ~eIleOaJI OTuparuur C J\fl1pUIJl\1l1 IIpo,n:JIOi-HeHl1HMlf I{ plIMJIHTIUM, COCTOHJIlI Jl3 npocroro napona. B oOPb60 aa ncnrpa.uraannro ynpaBJlOHMJI II YCMJIenMe cnocii BJIaCTII l(olloGaJI J1CI\aJI, OqOBIJ,1IIO, OIIOPbI HO Y CTapoir POJ(OBOW U pnCTOHpaTlIU, a y IIpeL(CTaBI1TeJIOM lllIOllb aapoxrnaromeiicn J1:\IYUlCCTBOHHO{' aepxyrmnr 11 y npocroro napona, Bhl::lblllaH arnxr 1I0;rOnOJIbCTBO l(alUlllClwii p0,10nOlI 3uaTM. Oficranourcy Tl ,IJ:alulH HIll,aIIyue puxrcrcoro aanoeuauun MOJ-HHO cpannan, c nOJIO/IWIIIIOM Jl,o;;r B rrpyrux IIPOHHI1I~HHX: uanpmrep, c faJJ,"merr B IIOPII0P: ee aanoonaaan U03apoM lfJIU C Epuraunoii T B. H 0., rne OTCTa,n,Ie n ne;(HblO IIJleM.OUa ccncpo-aauana, iWll1IlIHO eI!W poJJ;OBhIM crpoex, OIW:JaJIIf PHMY omeCTOTleIlITOO COIIPOTIIBJIOHIIO 1I He OLIJI» 11M OI;:OII'laTO."TbHO nOROpl'HJ.I, TOl"J(a I,al\ y 10rO-BOCTOqHIJX, 60Jlee pa3UJlTI,IX B COIUIaJJhIlo:\l OTHOmeIl11l1: II.leMOH CYlIleCTBOBaJIa

1 L. II 0 m o. I.o hi! ut-cmpl I'P, CTp. 4.37. 2 «Dne ia», T. VlI--VJII, crp. 3:~3.

3 Cas s. D i 0, LX VIlI, 14, 5.

78

CllJIbHaJI a pnCTORpaTll'lCCJ\aJI npopusrcrcan nUpTl'IH, 'lTO 06.nerQHJIO pHM.JIJIHaM aaxnar JOrO-ROCTOlJHOll 'faCTlI l) I.HlTaUI1H.

TaI\I1M otipaaov, 3aROC13aHMO ~(UIWM OOYCJlOI3JIJ1Ba;rOCb TeMU ilW npuaaaaxnr, 'ITO H 3aBOOBaHI1e ;(pyI'IlX npoununuil. Ho ,n:aRHH 6hlJIa saXBa<JCHa :ma'lI1TO;JbUO JI03HIICe npyrux , 1I0;)TOMY H IIOJlnTllHa PI1lIVHI H B l(uHlln }1ME.'JIa cnon OCOOClIlIOCTl1, HUH B nepuon 3anOCnaIIIIJI, ra f\ II noca C 00 pa 30BUUl1H TaM rrponnrrruur.

IIOCJlll aanoenanwa ,D;aJUHf H npHf'OCAMHClII1H ell 3CM0J1h H PMMCIWMY rocynapcray pnMJIHHC npUCTYIlI1;'lH K UHIPOlWiI IW.'IOHH- 3UTOPCIWi! ;JClITC;rbJIOCTI1 R 3TOii HOIlOj:i n pouuuun It. TIOBIJJ]:U~fOMy, 81'0 Ou.'IO nuauauo CI1;'lbHf,li\f OilYCTornCUHC\1 crpaut.i H pcay.n.rare aoiin, a n03MomHO n yXOL(OM 113 I1CO lJaCTI1 IIaCO;[E.'llllH II ropu , aa rrpOJ(CJlLI PUMCKoro rocynapcrna.

HeIWTopJ,Je ynear.re, HaR, nanpnacp, P. Poanop 1, A;lb¢eJIbll:ll 2, Il upuau II JJ;p., caararor, 'ITO pUMJIJIHe JIOJ1HOCTbIO l1arUaJIli )J;aHIfucmri1 napon M3 ero ponunsr II 3anOBO aaCeJIM;IM aanoenamryro cTpaHy. ,IJ;PYI'HO iJW, M TaIUIX 60JlLllIHIICTRO, Jl(lJIaraJOT, 'ITO 60JIbmoo ROJlIl'lOCTllO naxon OCTaJIOCh n CTpaHO 3, XOTfl, HOlW'IIIO, II OIlH HO MorYT OTPIIllaTh, 'ITO iIWCTOl\l10 If HPOBOllPOJIUTIIble nOi1IIIJ Tparnra I1cTpe6HJIII xaccy HaCOJIOJIJW, rnauuuv 06pa30M MYIIPlIlH 4.

BOHHLI T'panna ,!lOHCTBIfTeJ'bHO OIIYCTOJUIImI jl;al\l1lO 11 CIWhHO YMeUhillHJIH ee HaCeJIeHIIe - B 8TOM ue MOiI\CT 6hlTh COMUCHlffI. M HO nanpacao UBTOP oaponbccpOR naofipaman YXO;U1lI(liO rra CCJIOlItHl TOJIIIhI: JI neperinro , If ynoneno B ll':IPH, If ynrcio I1a (;TpaIILJ:

MHOiReCTnO narcon 6. Ho CJICJJ:yeT H:\fCTh lJ Ul1)lY TalOHe II TO, '-ITO n;em.re lIJJO'l1CHa OIT~c n xone nOHHLJ: JIepOIDillI na CTOPOHY pnMJIHH. TOJIhlW nacrr, naCeJIeIU1JI, no raane C ,II,0I~e6aJIO~f, conporannanacs JJ;O KOHUa 11, rcorna ymo He OCTUJlOCh nanOiHJ([,I II .IJ;cqc6a;r CO CUOH;\Hf rrpJIOJIIIiI\oIIHTJMH UOIWIPIlWlf caMoyo11llCTI30M, OCTU;JhHhTe ymJIlf B ropu. Il OI3VIJ(IIMOMY, HMeHHO IIX II naastnacr ~MOH HaccIfH «(',BO- 60JJ.Uhll\fJf .n:al\aMI[» - Ax'Y.o~ 7t"fOt;OfO\ 6. 11 3nOCTHO necrconsuo JJ;aI{IIMCKHX nncxen, naXOJJ;HUillMXCJI HOC;JC 06pU30uaHIIH nponanJIfHI ,D;aRIIII aa 00 rrpOL(eJIaMH; TaR, nanpnxrop , HCTOlJIII1H11 coorimaror 06 Y'IaCTHH ROCT06orWB, HBJ1HBml1XCll, 1I0Bl1JlIIMOMY, O)J;HIIM 113

1 n. n 0 e s I e r. Dacier und Hornanen. Wien, 1866, CTp. 70.

2 A. A I f 0 I d i. Dukok es Hornaiak Erdclybcn. Budapest, 1940, CTp. 31; e rOlf( e. Dacians on thc southern bank of the Danube. J fiS, 1939, T. XXIX; A. K ere n y I, crp. 293.

3 C. D a i C 0 vic I u. La Transyl vanio dans I 'antiquit6. Bucarest, 1945, CTp. l1G; N. lor g a. llistoire des Roumains ... , T. I, 'I. 2, CTp. 205 11 Ap.

I ~L R 0 s t 0 v L z o f f. The Social and Economic IIh;Lory of Roman Empire, orp, 229.

~ HeJJb311 COI','T3CMTbCll C MlleHHCM H. Ilarua If n. l\armOBHqrry, qTO na peJlbe¢aX xo.tonnu H306pameHhI BO:lBpalL(3RHl.l;llCCH 11 HOByiO IIPOBlIHJ."IIIIO ~alUr (eM. C. ]) a i C 0 vic i u. "Yl\a3. COq., CTp. 124).

6 Cas s. D i 0, LXXII, 3, 3; LXXVIII, 27, 5.

74

.llaRHMCfnfX IJJTClI1eH 1, no UTOpilWHIUI na Ba.'II,anCfOlii IIOJTYOCTPOB cencpnux HapO/LOU n 1G9-171 rr'. II 0 OOPhOU llPOTI1U nux Mapxa Anpenun 2. HOROTOPf,lC Y'ICHhIO OTIIOCRT J\ l(manlCIUIM JJ.)ICMCIIUM rarorce xapnon, rrOCTOHIIlIO JIHITa;(HUIJII1X IIa PH!\lCHYIO 11M.IIOPllIO u III B.a,

Pile. 30. Tpo<peii Tpauna y r. A;\aym:mcclI. (Perconcrp yrrrmn.)

Cynrocrayer MHomre, 'ITO TaI{ naar.macxran JTUIJHD;I{afl HyJIhTypa, rroaaanrnaacn n paii one nepxuero TO'JClIl1H p ,UHCCTpa Jl IWUIIe .rraTCJICIWM anoxn , I1PIlIWLJ)lOiJ\I1T rOTo-;l_amdicl\llM IT,'!C;"IcuaM. B03- M01HIIO, 'ITO nacrt, ;:raHOB nepcce.ucracr. TYJl.a nocno aanoeuamru ,UaRIUf T'pannoxr. Marcpnanra paCHOITOI{ CIlJ1i(OTOJlhCTIlYIOT, 'ITO H3CeJIOHlIe, ocrauunnrce IJaM!1THUl{H JII1ITI1I(l\()H: I,Y:Tb1yphI, UM0.:10 MHoro ofimcro C rOTo-;J,HRl1iicRI1MH IIJTOMOHaMI1, i:IUlBmIDfU Ira reppnropaa ,Uam1l1 4.

1 P to!., Ceozr., lIT, 8, 3.

II A. Pre mer s t c i n. Untcrsuchung zur Gesrbicbte des Kaiser Marcus, «Klio», 1912, crp. 145 cn.; O. U. It y.II p a B ~ e B. Bropaceaae ltOCT06oTWB. BJI)'!, 1950, .Nl! 3, CTp. ;)0 crt.

8 N. t o r c a. Yr<l1.3. co-r., CTp. 322.

, M. S.m i s z ~ o. Osady kultury lipickiej. B xmrre: Przyczynki do Poznania cpoki cesarstwa raymsklogo. Lwow, 1934, CTp. 1-32;

7iS

Ho napnny C lleIIpn~B1pllMblMJI D OTIlOlllOIB1ll], PI1MY 1IJ10MeHaMH cpcnu ;(aHlJiiclatX nJIe\IOII 6hWTI 11 oOJlce Cl\J10HHhIe H COrJIallleIIJIIO. IlOBJ1J(I1MOMY, aro TO I1:lC~teIIa, rrto 6hwa OC06eJlHO CII:IJ,lIaH rrpoPHMCT\f[ naCTpOOIIHan apnrrorc paTJIlJ, T. e. nJTe~'(lHa D COlllJaJ1bHO<lJWIlOMJI'IO('JWM OTHomCllIlH 6o;roo paannrr.rc. Tarcnvu 6hlJIH na- 1U1I1CHl1C ll~lCMCIW, 06WfUIlIIlllC n fioraroic npuponnraxnr uciconaeMhll1Hf TpanCJI:lhBalTIfI1. ;~OTW:WTC;:TbCTIl()M roro, uro 'laCTb ;(aI\OB ocranacs B Wl'lCCTBC CB060JlllhlX jJmTl~:1(~i1 IJPOIlIlllJ{JfI1, CJ1Yif,UT oyruecruouaanu CO II n. )laIU1I1CRJlX ncnoworarrcn.uux nOI1CI{ (aux il ia ) 1, a T111m;:c JIOHll.1CIIlIO n ,I:{al\IIH B 1\0111(8 IJ-uaTJaJW III nn. II COMhHX, lJ,'I8HhT }\()TOPhIX 1I0CI1.-JH PHMCIWC llMcna, IfMeH ,uelleOaJla n Pcrcfian a. ,name y3ypmnop Pcra.muan n III D. IfpCTCl!;:lyCT Btl nnacrr, II Jl.aHlIll, OCHOBT.JBUfi CBOlf npana Ha nee PO;(('TIlOM C ,Il,Cl\C6a:IOllL Ii poxre TO],O, xapal,TcpHO, 'lTO nOC:Ie ~HlO rOlllfe;rCIIIloii cepuu ~1()Jl OT, 1I0I\a:H,IUa 101Il IIX )'PYIllCIIIlC ,f(aRJIll, Tpann IlbmYCJ\IWT pHJ( ~l()I1C'T, lIPC';1CTUBillJl()TlllfX LJ,aWlln, rear: 110- Horn 1JJICIIU PIIJ\(('I\()J'O xrnpa 2. T'arcouu, uanpnvep, ;r:eJlarllH 107 1'. (' .rcronnoii: Trajan-e Uanuvius», ncua puii 111 r. C JICreII)loi1: Trajan-eVia Trajana» 3. 311:IOTafl MOIlCTa 01.' 110 r.4 C 11:100pamemICM Il}W;ltTUU:1CIII1H lUII,a TpaHllo~1 B C('IIaTC. Hannncs: S(enalus) P(opulus) q(ue) H(OIllUllllS) Optima Principi. lIa HeM C:TenaQH1rypa 'I'panua II uoennoir O;(C,hHC, cnpaua - CTapJIH:, onerrair B Tory, IlCPOllTIIO, CCIII\TOP; B eL'pC;(IITll" IIPC'I,;TOHlIBmaH ROJleUO, c II POTHHYTJ.nur n npoci.tie pyI\a~Ul, ~Ja:TCI1 ""aH qll!)'ypHa JJ;aRa. ();~eJl;J(a 11 TIm nnoanc CXOJ{Hhl C 1I306paaWIIHbnII1 na pe.rscdiax 1,0- ;JOJlIIf,J. 8TO ue ,[O,ILRO Cfll\fllO;J nonoii IIpOBIIH1Um, IWI,}fa JJByx npeNJllyn01X J\lOlICTl\X, no H 11:106pamcnne o.uroro 113 i1H1TC;)!cii oroii npcmnnmn, IWTOPhTO 6hlilU I(ViTmJ.T Jll\1JrcfHB1 l.:al, pafio-ran Clf;r[a B CC:JJ.(,I\OlIT X0311iiCTll(' H I,al\ o(j-J,l'ln Jla:IO]"OBOI'O 06J1011,CUlfH. IIoCI\Oilh"Ky OCIIomWH vacca OCTanTTHIX('}l Il npOBHTTJUHf )(aJWIl mu;ra II raym» nopencm., ;)fHlrpa(~II1JCtl;l1C 1I11\1 11 TIl 111,11 , nonanamonian TJaCTh ROTOjlhlX G"l~la uaunena l\ roponax unu I\O;:Tl1;m HUX, UU'ITl1 He rOXpaHlI:TH ~BlI;(eTeJJJ,CTfl 00 ;nOIi narorupuu 1I1rC'fJJoro HaCC'ICIIHJl. Il oarouy l\paillIHfl ~fa;IO'IlICJleIlHOCTh 11 ;IJIHrpa<f!H1ICCKJIX naMflTUHHHX 11~ICH, n03BO:JllJOHlHX Cy.uHTI> 0 HfJ.lllTJIIIl JJ HOBOi', prtvcuoii npoBI1HIlIIH MCrTlIOro nncc.rcnaa , ITC \lOi1>C'T cnyacnrr. !WI;naaTO:1bCTUmt ero OTeYTCTBHH. Ocrarnucccn n Aal\IHf CC.lheIWC HaCC.i1eHIIC Gl.WO nerpavm II 1,1 M • Y Hero IIC 0),1:10 npucymero pnxr.r» HUM 06hl'IaH CTanun, naxrpofinuc lIaMJlTHHIOf IIa Morll:lRX yvcpuurx , a .taitu , ilmn-

M. 10. eM 11111 I, o. PamrernaBflll(,Wlli 1\\,.lhTypa l lo.nrecrpousn II CIIE-Te nonux apxt'o.'101'I'I'1eCIUlX ;{ilII""IX, I{CIII'I.\11:{, IJt.In. X 1.1 V, 11)52, CTp. 74. 1 CAll, XI, crp, 231; ClL, vi. :3191

2 H "Ill L tin u: I i. I\oman coins from the earill'st times to the fall of the Western empire N. Y., 192H, CTP 154.

3 Ta~t me, T(\D.l. XXXV[ll, .'\~ 4, 5.

4 TU~I me, TaG:!. XLIII, oM 12

76

nnte B r oponax, It era pan ;!aRHHCHafl auari., ucpcmenmau na CTOpony pmWHII, crapa.nrcr, nplfHHTb pIlMCJ01C uxrcna , 11 HlPI(':\1 He lIanOMI1HaTL 0 CBOOM npI1IIu;r::IeiTarOCTJI ), Y rrroreruroxry U3 PO;lY.

Hurcpocno , T!TO B Me.nur MhT TaR/IW 1I0~iTH 110 HaXO)l)fM HaT(IlHCOM nCIWIJlIhlX eo 00 IITUTO;lCij, X()TH 00 OCOOCHIIO 11IITOHCl1BHOii cc HO:IOUJl3UUI1H npmunuv HatC;JOTIJ1eM, Ital{, uaupmrcp, ;)'[0 MMe:IO MeCTO B Am,HI!, ]\((,{ n;a;laTh HC :lfOil(C\f,

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2

Puc. :\1. PC,lbCtPLI l1~\HlTHlH\a 1l;1 A;\H\m:lIH'nl. 1-2 1I3()(jV~iHCJlHH «uapuapo n-, H'3fTihIX B n~leH Pll:\Y:HlIl:l\fII.

OJJ:l!a 113 panco aauocuannr.rx 06"anOHl1MllOPllH - ,n:06PYJJ:lHa, 003YCJ]01lIIO, cox pannaa CIlOC irpcauioo nopenencuoe nacc.rcmre, o6'[,e.!lIIUOHTTOO Il TpIIGhI, no aro naCO;JOllIIC P;O:Iil,HO OhlJlO rcuepr, ilUlTh II CTpuxe IlCPC;( CBOl1M 3UlIocnUTO:IO\I, ;IO,:IIl\TIO 6r,wo nccrna novnari, () xrot'yntoorne If ncecrcran pn:l1(~ImX XOJHPn, 0 'IC::I1 nar:IH;IHO CBlf.!lCTe.:ILCTBYCT HnaVlcHIlTwM rra~IHTlIlII, n~ Ai(aMHJlIICCfl1, H"lCIOII.J;HU npnxyro cuuar, C )l.U101MCH.ll:\11l nOlllluMM Tpauna

H a pannnnc Jl:06 pyJl.il\H, IH'J(a:ICTW OT ; (ynarr, nfi;:m:l If ropona TpOlIOYM 'I'pamnr 6hT,;1O noanuur-ny ro T parnrou rpallJJ:Ho3HOO coopyaternte, IWI, nall1HTTTI1I{ oro TIOOCil uan nplfJJ:YHaiiclUIMH «aapuapaam (pIIC. 30). 0"]"0 IW\IOIlUaH I;:pyr.'Ian nor.rpoiiun C IWnycoofipaaar.nr BepXOM, lJ J~ClITpO rcoroporo na m,Ci(CCTa.:lO n03B1,I-

1 O. 13 e n n d 0 r f, G. l'i i o m a II II, G r Toe i I esc. o. "Y "a~. CO'I.) CTp. 14.

i7

maJICH Tropaeum, T. e. 11306paawIIHo OTIWTOro y npara noopymOH.I111, CII;Vlllo;;r noficnu. Y llOJ(HOIRUH aroro TPOtPl'H CIIACJIli 11 CTorr:HI <pl1rypI>! n:ICHUWX «1J11pnap01.l) CO CBH3aUIIWMl1 na CIUIHe PY1WMIL Bcp).mtii lJOH\; RpyrJlOH l.J:aCTU naxaruaica 6hJ;;r IlOHPblT i~llyMH pH;(aMH necr.xa rpyoo llIJIIO;:IHCIIHhIX oapo.'lb0<P0Il: H11lliHlIll pHil I.lOCllpOHaUOLl:HJI lWPTl1l1W J-Hl1wi1ClHIX noiin 'I'panna 1 (pIIC. 21 11 31), B nopXHCM OhIJHf n;lOupall\cHbI naennrae napuapra B pa3:lHl.J:IIIJX I103aX (puc. 22, 1). Haucpxy naaaruuna noucuianacr, HaJJ:IlHCb Il qOCTb MapCa-MCTllTO;;rH (.\-lars Ult.or) 2. C TOl.J:l{I1 3PCHllfI CTllJIH IT TCXHIIIW 11 CIlO:lHemHI , <lTOT IIaMHTHHR Ma:1O IIOXO/fl: na IWJIOHHY Tpanua l.l PIl:\1C, HO HaJ(O npl1HHTh no I3lHIMaHl1e J(OJIb, ~lJlH rcoropoii Oil OIJ:l coopyaceu. B }{YJlbTypnoM IlCHTPO 11Mnepnu HO:IOII1lU J(O.71iKlla Oh[:Ja 61JTb np0113BCIlOlIHCM l1CI,yccTBa, f)oraTJ.l~l YHPUlIICH.I1CM qlOPY.:\IU T'panua , CU.I1J(OTc;n,CTnOM 0 noenIII,JX ra.iaurax nurteparopa , a Il J(aJIclwii I(YHall:CIWH np0B1IIII1l1H na'fHTIIIfI{ jW;J)J,cn 61.1:[ Jla][OM.I1.IIaTb nOKolJeIIHOMY HaCe~[OIIl1l0 o HIIY·IOfI\CCTIW J[oocm;WHIlbIx, 0 6e3HaAClRHocTII BCHIwro couporun.reuuu 11 () nCC(,.I1:lIfH n06(,;~lITC.:TOii, J[o'{eMY rpaH,l1;.I1031IOCTb IJa:\IHTIIllRa ;l0.TI,KUa 6rJ.ila nOi\aB;IHTb apuro.rn.

n pIIHa;VIOn\IIOCTh aroro JlUMHTll.l1I{a anoxo Tpaana ironrnepml(aOTcrr, "POJ\!O ;lfllW:lUTe:lbCTIl, IIPI1ll0JIl!"hIX TOl.J:U:JOCKY, O~W II JIp., erne O;UHIM apxco.roruuccrcna ('.Bl!p:CTeabCTBOM. Il pa pacuourcax H' aIJ.I11(aBbI 3 6hl;1 Haii)(OH nycoic pe.n.eqra. H a HOM M3061)amE'Ila HCpXHHH l.J:aCTh tPl1rypl>I 10HOml1 II Oi(O,KIlO C ;J)IlUlIIf>IMH py"auaMll, B unauie, aat.rcruy'roxr HU JIpanO;\I n.reue HPYIIllOH <pH6y;;roii; y J{)lIOlUH I(JIllHTJI>IC llOJIOCIJ J1 na rO:IOIlO oro maurca. Cnpana OT nero OIlUJTbHOii qiOP'1I.1 unrr, I10XOiI\I1M na ;~aRI1MClutiL <D"OPOCKY ;r:Y\IaOT, 'lTO ::lTO l.J:a(;Th peJIbC<pa, naofipazuaroutero BOMny C Jl.aIWMll. On )101,aaJ.TIlUeT, 'lTO IIO upcvcua STOT pCJlbC<p MOihHO OTHCCTH TO;II>I(O I{ ncpI10JlY TpaHIIa H 'fTO OH IIpCLl:CTafl:llIOT COOOIO l.J:aCTb npyroro na~lIITIIl1I,a CO cxonnoii TC~lOj,j. no xapaicrcpy nsrnoanenuu pe;ILe<p ouein, T!UXOiT\ na I(OTU;;J11 IlU~IHTHIII\U 113 AIlUM".;mcc.I1, '{TO :\[OiT\eT

1 O. Hen II d () r I, C. 1\ i em ann, G 1'. Tor i los c o. ¥Ha3. cou., erp. 72; T.,L\ ::I JI a r rc 0 n en a H. ~leal!H B I-II nekax aarueir JPW, CTp. 79, pnc, 8 M CTp. 81, puc. 9.

2 Iloxremeua v O. T3enndorf, G. Niemann, Gr. Tor.iIesco. ~'Ha3.rO'l., crp. 1021111 Cl L, Ill, 14211t. 0 upexrcun noanmuronenaa ~TO],O MOll(noro coopyzeeuua mleeTCH O'l(,IIL xmoro pa;l:II1'JHLIX BrpnlH. 1\. 11 DTq oruocnr ero H 3110xe Jlmrl11lMan3 M nO.1i1I·aCT, 'ITO a;(erL M:lOopaN\Cna 60phua C POHconanairu: M. <]JypTBenr:wp r'JVlTaeT, '!TO ;)TOT lIaMHTHVlK coopymeH Anr-yCTOM; <.D. CTY;..(HHHIW, 1'. 'J'O'll1.:JCt'I\Y II ~r. O~lO IIPlflllH'hlDHIOT oro BO;lBe;Wlllte 'I'paauy, a II. Hopra YTBepiK;(<leT, 'ITO on nOnpOl'H D anoxy 13a:I(,IITa. Csr. C. Pat s C h. ¥I>aa. ('04., crp, 13 C.l.; F. S t II d II i C z k a. Tropaeum Trajani , Lpz., HJ04; L. II 0 III O. ¥Kaa. co-r., crp, 4.')6, "pHM. 135; J. G u I y. Le «'I'ropacum 'lrnjani. est-I I I'ocuvre de I'cmperour Valans? , «Revue des etudes anelcnnes», 1!J38, .\2 4, np. 387 eJI.; HA, 1904, IV, nfl. 1:)1-152 11 421.

3 «Dacia», T. 111--1 V, 19:13, np. 513 en.

78

flBJUITbCH HOCBCIIHLIM CBHP:CTCJIbCTBOM apexean IIOCrpOeHIfa noCJICp:IICro. CJleP:YCT eme OTMeTHTb, 'ITO naMHTHHK H3 AllaMIWHCCH YHaaLTBaCT na I1aJII1'IHe pa3JJl1'HILIX nJIeMCn, uacenanm ax ~amno. Hco lICCJJeUOBaTCJll1 CXOJ(flTCfl na TOM, 'ITO na naMflTHIIHC JI306pa»ceaa nofiena HaJ( llapllapaMIl. Ho cDypTBOnrJlCp naasrnacr IJooefHAClIIlLTX (iacrapnaxia, Ilars, - pOJ,COJIaHUMlf, TO'HfJIeCHYnanamr 11 T. n. lIOBlU]JIMOMY, anccs 11306pam8Hhl npencrauarena sccx TCX n.TICMCH, IWTOPblC Y'laCTBOBaJIH B 60phGC npornn PUMJIHH B COI038 C ~CQe6a;lOM 1. H ano orverirn, HPO'l1C roro, 'ITO 4>urypLI JIJleHHLIX napnapon, r;;}aBHLIM 06pa30M uepxaero puna pem.e<pOR, ofiaapymanaror CXOI1:CTRO CO CJIaUfllIClUIM TMllOM.

13 PC3YJlLTUTC HPOBOIlPO;;U1THbIX noirn 'I'parnry YUU:IOCb aanoenarr, 06IlIIIPlIYJO rcpparopuro na ;leBOM ocpcry ~ynaH. Iloficna IIpnHCCJla pHI\WflHaM 60JlhIlIHe BLIrOilLI, D pm.reHYJO "a3HY HOTeH:111 3Ha'U1TeJlbHhIC 6oraTCTlla, narpafinemnre B ,D;amm. 13 PC3Y.i1bTaTC DOHIILI 6LJJ10 aaxuaxeao MHoro llJICHHhlX, JlpCllpaITlClIIILIX n pa- 60ll, nOHllHJIHCb aonste I1CTO'IInlRII noxona B RI1ll:0 aanoron, }{OTOpLIO CTaJIll nocrynarr, C RODOM npOBllHlUIH. BOJIbllIHe 3eMCJlbHhle fiorarcrna, paapafiorxa eCTOCTllCHIIhlX HCIWnaCMIJX HCPCIlIJlII B pyror puannu. MorYII\CCTllO rrouoro rOCIlO;J:llHa JIOi:pwpIUlBa.i10Cb rpanlUW3IlhlMII naxiarmrxavn , R03BCll:ellHbIMH B <{CCTb noficnr.r nan na}{a'IH.: IW;JOIllIOIt 'I'paana B PHMe If Tpo<fJeeM Tpanna B6JlH311 A,n;aMH,IlICCH II Me3HH.

1 O. Ben n U 0 r f, G. N i em ann, Gr. To C i 1 esc o. YKaa. eos., CTp. 95, pac. 116; CTp. 96, puc. 117; CTp. 100, pIIC. 122; CTp. 67, pRC. 95; CTp. 9:1, plfC. 114; CTp. 94, puc. 115; CTp. 95, pac, 116 II np,

r:IusuIII

JJ;ARI1JI, J{AR PJBfCJ\AH IIPOBMHQlIJI BO 11-11l BB.

§ 1. JIWHOMIf11ECIWE J10.~rmREHnE fJ;AKIrJI

a. CeJIbCKOC X03HiicTRO

.II:o IHlMclwro 3anOenaHIHI J{al\lll1 Oh!.'!U eO;JlbCl,O\.03IIlIeTBOIIHO{r OCl,;,aCThIO. Ha PU:JIH1THC TU~I Ce:lbCIWro XO;1}1i1CTlla Y[\3;II.IIWIOT JlUit,'lOllHhle na co rcppnropun copm.r, OTHOCHTlllfCCH orne " OPOl-!- 30!l())IY BOllyl, U TUH.iKe mO.~Il';mr,lo C('·PITh!. mO;IC:IHhlii" "('MOX rr.tyra, PY'l II 1.10 ?l1l'.TlhH IflU.I, OTHOCBlIlTIeCH J\ (JIH)XC, IWIT()(' POJTCTHPHIIO npe"liIICCTflYTOlI18ii PJilMCIW)IY aa noenaruuo, J1 C.VIIleCTlJ01WHUe n ,Uamm LJ:enoou"a no Hpe~1H BoiiTlhl C pm.l.:I!!HmHI (j(fHllllla.'1hUf,IX JIlIn, nOCTUBJIf'lIIIhIX )J,JlH IHI6"10;lf'Hl1fI aa BC;Il'IH1C!lI co.:I['C}wro xoaaiicrna 2. PUCl\OllRJiI n POIlO;l,];fBmnOCH B I'po.m mru MYlf40;;IY:I.y.ii, TI1HoeY:10 11 ~IP. li03BOJlU;JlU YC,TUUOBI!Th ()('·T!OBBhle 3"al,fl, npoI1;\pacraunnre orne B Il.O-Pl1MCIWii ,Ual\I1H, U 11.\ll'1I110: H'lMCIIIo, pOr"!', rrpoco , IWH()II,lIO H IIp., 0 'IN! yme ruuopu.rocs nuruo.

Ho HO 1l\~H ,llamTl-l 6bl:m U;(IITH\I\Ono npuronna ;l,Jlfl :WMJleaO.'IIW. IO,mluli H JOl'O-Il()CTOlJHUH eo uarru , T. e. BO~I"lUaH H Ma.ra» Banaxua H J;U:I1WU p. Ccpcr, f10,]HJlEleb ooaye.:loBIJO 30.\I;le;tcJlI.lJCCI>rlMI1 puilioHaMH, 110 cenopo-aauannue paiioru«, rile TIn CH;;}Onax rop II H Y1cm;(yrophf!X I1MC:I Heb 11 pc" pacuuc Ry ra 11 ITUeTOl1lTIa, xror.ur OhlTh OO"bmo I1cnO:lb30BUHhl ;Vlff iKl1 I!OTIJOBOnCToa , PH\f;aHue G[,T;1I1 na ItTlTCpeCO uanu B paaunrtru CO,'lbCIWl"O xoaniirrrna l(awlII, JjOTOMY 'ITU concpacaauc MTIOl'OlJHCJIOHHbIX BueUHhIX rupIII130HOB, C,TOiH1IJIl1X n nyuatiexux npUBI1HI~HHX, Mor;1o 01>11'1> B03- Romono 1'0:11,1;:0 na 31'11 me canuo U ponmnui 11.

1 «Dac iu», T. I, CTp. 318 err.

2 06 3TOM CIlI1;\CTe:lhl'TDYCT coxpuntrumnacrr OTPhlDOH Fl3 « I'ernror» "PlfTOHa, r.t« coofiuraercu, 'ITO 0;\ II If IIpeJWJ"aIlI1TC.'J1f apurrouparn« GhWIt 1I0l'TIIR,]Cllhl lHl,'l; ce'lb('.IHI.\I xoaniic-rnov , npvrue paCllpe;\C'.·IH.lI1Ch no I;PCIIOCTH.II.C. M ii 11 C r. Fragments Hlstoricorum Graecorum, T. IV. cpp. :~. C1'p. :ri4.

80

COJlhCIW8 HUCOJlOmW HOBOH nponnuuna ;~amm OO'hO;J;I'IHH;IOCh H viei n pagi, no rnanc ROTOPLIX CTOH;'JH magistri , praclocti lI:IJf quaestorcs. 111 noma ;lfal'UCTpU:\IH, JI.;m CTapOCTaMM, HII\UX ce~lhcHMX r eppuropuii OhTua.ll1 ncrepuuu , 1l\).:IY'lI1Bllll1C ;IC:\fNlhlTI>W Ila:(C,OIl.1 H :l1lHI1_\JaBIUIICCll CC,lLCh:!1~l X()311iicTUO.\1. Tare, ncrep au .:lcrHOIIa V Macedouica lO:mii Ba.1CllT, O,V,lY'lff crapocruii co.ru Bcpotipm-ranuana , BU3;lUHI' a.rrupr, 1 cmlI0-lIOHpOIH1Te:no aroro co.ra 1. ~fo;)\c'f 01.1'[[" ncrcpartuxnt Ol.T:JIf ~IyJlHii ;).-nJii: (})aycTIlH JI Mapr: ),:JILllllii POMHH, CTapOCTJ.r na ra Micia, nO:1;.(BllmlIlC anrnps IOnI\TC'PY 11 lOHIJHO 2, Tll6epni-'1 Al1pC;Hlii Il pnwan , crapocra nara Micia , (,OGPY;(I1I1J1ll1ii u.rrapr, 1"(,]1l1l0-JI01'POBIlTO.'1I0 nroro IJara3 Il I'aii 10" 11 ii '1apluw:T, Of)fBIIIlIii .10-I;:ypll0[[OM ]W;:TOJIlllI 11 ]IPC<iJCHTOM nara Aq ucnsls, r:;\e:lulIlIlllii 110rBHII\OHHC reHI1l0 nroro nara+,

0;\11<1 113 ua.tnucoii, uaii.iorrnaa B coconrreii JlPOBIIIIIUII1 Mi:i:lIllf, Cllll;{OTC;JhCTBYOT, 'ITO i.pecrt.aue rauoro CC.'hCI\Oro OHPYI'U HHUr;\U coofirua B03I{Ultra.lI1 Il 'IC(',Tb lLv11lCPUTOjJU uavarrnn: (' TTO(,HI1Tf1- Tc:n,IIOH ua.uurcr.io- (1;:111;:, nanpuncp, mI1TC,-II! vicus'u rop. Il crpaa). I'opo.m, HOTOPhlO, l;al, l Ioraucca , Hhl!loe:Hl 11:\ ('0.11><:1>01'0 1I0CCCll'HHfl, H'\lO:fIT nOl\pyr eOilI>cI>y10 Tep]lI1TOI)!1l0, HUCO.:ll~HllyIO, UCPOHTIIO, M(JCTnhl:\fI[ mWfC.'IIHll1. I'opo.ta f1,(I, Hi,IPOl'LIIJlO 113 BvCIIlII.IX aarcpoii, 1lOCTenCIlHO npcnparu.m Olqlyil\allmylo I1X ;larcpllYIO TOpPI1TOpI110 B cnoro CO:II.l'''YIO oupyry, lIaC('.'lCl1l1Y'O BCTC'pana\UI 1I I\V:IOuucravn. C ;l.pyroii CTOPOHhl, B :(aEllll, TT01JI1;unro\ty, eYII«'(,TlIOBa;;]U n ('.(';JI.UOtc I 1 t ) CC;'JCHl III , ne ('.IlH:lUl1llhIC Co l'OpO;UnIlI If lIMC'llllIIe Ca\1()CTOITTC:fhlTYIO ce.u.crcvro reppuropuro. J'l HIT,\! OTJfOeflTCn: CO:TeIlI1C CUM,YM M oro TOPPII'l'VPI1H, r;J,G, BlI;Ul\1II, T1aOllpa:ll:H or pn.t ~10CTll()ii Ml1"lI1111U16, ynO\HlI1UC:\larr ua :\l!1.'1l'1I0M l,a\lllU III B. CC:I['C"HII MC'CTIIO('Tb, nocnman lla31!3I!HC v icus .Vuurt orum ",

1 iC\, 1\101, T. X.X\:\'tll, rrp , :\34 .. \"21\1: Genio vic i Veroln-itt ia n i C . Julius Va lens veterunus Ic~iolli.-; V .vlar cdunir ae mfl~·i~lpr vici voturn solvit liben.., merito.

2 C t L, I [I, t;\;')O; ITa.11l Ifrb 1T,10XO co cpumr.raes II TpaJI(,I,pIIOHpYCHII pa3J1lI'IIlO.

3 'I'uxr mc. 1t\()j: Geni(o) pn.g(i) Mit:[ial'j T. AUl'(clius) Prim[ajnns IlIrn]g'(istcr) pa}.t(i) eiusdtcm) .. _

4 TaM lite, 1-107: pro salute. .. C_ 1111. \Iilrr:iilnus (1Pt'(urio) coltouiac) prucf'(ec tus) pil!!(i) A(q)uellsis Genio ('1)1'(11111) posuit: IIIa;_:btrr vui II 1Ill<I('slol' vic i ynovun.uorcn U ua.mucu If;) ilooPY;(llW, uoxrcrneuuon n i:THThP U)aoPP('J;v (<Dacia,), T V - VI, CTp_ 11~7),

5 «Duria», T. 111--1 V, r.rp. ItO!), l l a.tunr r, B 'l(,rTh l1:1fllepH1()pa I'0P;IHilJIn, 6 Cl L, 111,827: Dcao :'Iiemesi rozinno Valorius Valontinus bendidarius r onsu laris, IJI i lcs leulonls X I I I (;(,111 i nne Cnrd ianne, acd i lis ro loni ao Na pocac, it (,(,II:;i bus suhslgnnvit Snrnurn cum rcg-i()nc trans va II um iurperatore doniiuo nostro ,\1. Ant.ouio Gordiano Augusto et Aviola consulibus X ka l. - lIa;(II1'1('L ~;)H L

7 TI1~1 flW, BOGO, ,\fll:ICBOii Ha,ICllb I' 1I11J(TTTIn,ro: milia '(\'1 11 R_ .. III vico AII(rtrtoJ'um), Wli1;(CIIIIIJii IJiI cenepc ,-(al;Jnr II OTIIOI'Hfllllii"H " IIPpIJO:lY 1I0C;W ~;l() L

6 fl. T, I\P.fr:JH ,,<' tla

-;1

oHpyr CIWPT(lfC}{On, na ROTOporO npoacxonnn COJI)).aT Anpcnaa TI accap 1. Beropaura II connarra, rrpOIIcxo.a;UBIIII10 TI3 ,L{amm, 60Jlhmeii: 'laCTLTO YHaSLllw,m, Hal{ na MOCTO cuoero pom;J:811JIH ropona (AUFI, CapMIIIiCleTy~Y, Harroxy II T. n.) 2, no imorna aaaunann lfPOCTO: nations Dacus 3, ex provincia Dacia 4 U;HI nationo provincia Dacia 5. (hu, IIOBlIi\HMOMY, I(O;mmO oananart., 'ITO OWl npOU30II!JUr B3 COJIbCIWii: MOCTIIOCTlI, HO npunacauaoii H ropo)],y.

Ocnomroe MeCTHOO 3eM'Ie;rl.C:1btICCRoe lIUrC':WIHIC 06IHaJIO,

nonnmoaoay, B paiiouc Banaxnu, n;IoJ\opO)])II.IO 30:\I:TH 11 IIaCT6I1TI~a ROTOPOll npHB:10I\a;:]U CIOJl,a, IWllO'lHO, II PJ1:\IC],I1X IW;IOHHCTon. 3;J:£'Cb cyntecruoua.ro , llOPOflTHO, :\w;;moo H cpennoo 30:\1;10- BJIUnOHHO. ::ho nO;J.TBepiHi\aOTCH. oO;ILlUoil pocn.ro II MymnumaJlLHO:\,[ ynpanJIOIIHII Jlamm uercpanou, rcoropue, U OCHOBJlOM, npuna;L:loma;1H ], I\aaccy CPOi\HllX aexaennanenr.nen. Ha cymecruoBaIIIIC MO.IIWI'O H cpenncro 30:l1.'ICR;;W)1.CHHR 11 ,n;aWIH YRa3hmaOT JI pacnpocrpanenuo TaM I{YJIbTa CUJIJ,na na 6, annaumeroca OOT,I'lIIO nOI{pOIHITO.IOM IIpOCToro mona, II o cofietmo nowanraero CII:ILllaHa (Sil vanus Dornost icus) 7, C'lIITanmOrOCH XpaHIITeJIeM MemOBoro 3RaJ\a yca):{h6hl. TIOBII"LUMOMY, MeJIRIIl'.lII HJIII CJ-!C;lHl1Mlt 3()M,IOB;rane.n.naxn: HKIH.1HCh IbIPY;llJII, na none rcoroporo OLm rrocrauneu IIaMHTIlll" C 1I0CBHII~elll[eM CWlhBaHyB, II BOTopaH, oriocaonaunmcca B 1~am111 9. I-\ aTOM;I\O );aTel'OpIII130M;reB:IaJ(e~Jbnen npnuanneaeann, BOPOflTHO, UOOIIIIOC:IymaIIlHo10 11: npyr-ao Cno60;lIThJO znnta , rrO'lIITaHmne Cn.n.aarra 11. Haxonon, OC,[H CTaTb na nyTb auaaornri, TO nexoropoo nOiLTBepmJ(eHUO aamero T0311Ca MOiTmO 113U;rellh 113 annr-padurrecxax lIa:\IHTHHTWll Me3lIn, npnponm,ro n ;)IWIIOMlI'IOCH11:0 yc.ronun reoropoii 6LIJIlI O'JeIIb 6JI1'13Klf ;LaKUiic]'l1M. PrrJL ;)]111- Ta<pI1H, naiinemnrx n Me3lIH, MOiReT CBI1;J:OTo;rbCTBOBaTl, 0 nann-

1 Cl l., VI, 2698. Aur, Passar mil. coho VIII pro Hilariani domo

Uac iac regiono Scodriheso.

2 Ta~! me, VI, 269, 2386, 32624, 32634, 32640 If np, 3 TH~f me, XIII, (j824; VI, 2495, 2696.

4 TaM me, VI, 2602.

6 TaM me, VI, 2425.

6 Ta~f iHe, Ill, 1142-1155; 1359-63; 12565; 903; 7637; 12564; 130;)-6; 6247-8; 7772; 7827; 7921; 7628; 7773-5; 7840-1; 7859-62; 1377(); HA, 1903, T. 1, CTp. 330, .N'~ 60-1; 1H12, T. XX, <:Tp. MH,

.\~ 305 lr .rip. .

7 CIL, III, 1147-51; 1361-1363; 7859--62; 621\8.

8 TIU! me, 6247 - Silvano sacrum pro sal(ute) Cirulrn jill a]'2TO eiusdemo h coacanenmo. ara Ha.'lIlUCb unoxo coxpanu.u« r., lIoqc~ry 11 TJHIIiCKPll- 6UPYCTC If rmouxo. C~1. .\'2 7637.

o Ta~t me, Ill, 1155.

10 Ta~i ace, III, 1142; 1149.

II Cperm ,1111(, nocnruuanrnnx HB;(IIRCIf Cnasnany, ol.l;m 11 pa6LI (Iibrarius t.abuln r iusque - CI L, lIl, 13(5). EC.lIR IJpJ71;.!nHTh JlPUBllJlbnOH rpan('('Pl!IrllVIIO nanrrac n CIL, Ill, 7637, TO pa60M 6101;1 u Myrus,

82

'lJIIll TaM Mommx 1I CPCJ];HllX 3CMJIeU.rIaJ];OJlhIlCIJ I, Taxona uaupuxrcp, HaJ];IIHCb na xrorune nexoero HOI,HClI Buraaeca, »mnmero Il CBOCM CO.1bCI\oM nOMC (Cocccius Vit ales ... et Cocccia Iulia. , • obit.i ad villam suam, Cl L, Ill, 13737, TaWlW Coco Elius ••• , TaM mc, 142142D)2.

IT onncpxcxa J\1C.iTHoro II cpenncro aC~I.:]CD.;laJ(CIJIfH B ,D;aRlilf co C10POHLI pllMCJWl'O npUBI1TCJIhCTBa, h:P0:lW UOll\OIlOJIHTlPleCKHx cootipaateaufi , o(J1,nCHfI.:1aCb rarona mC,jlaIHICM aannrcpeconars ncpCCC.iTCJTUCB, qTOOhI CJWpOC 3aCelIJ1Tb onYCTOllIcHHYIO BOHHOll:

CTpaHY. PH;::J:J.I cpenn I1X 30:l1JlCllJlUnC;lblleB n0)10JIlllI,1I1Cb aorcpaHaMH, ]1();'lYQI1Bmll1\11l 3CMCJlbHhIC nancau H CC.rII1BIUI1MI1Crr aa reppMTOpHH 1{al\lll1. Jihl('HlJO BCTcpaUId BMCCTe C nepeccaennasnr H3 poxaauaouaanux panr.ruo IIPOBMlIIULii flBJIflJlI1C[' OCllOBlIhl~U1 IIOCl1TNIflMI1 PO:ltaIIII3arlJm ne TO;:JbIW B I\YJIhTypHOM, no 11 B col(I1U.rrhJlOM CMhIC.'lC. OHM npnuec.nr C C060H rocuoncrnyrouraii B Plllllelwii: I1MIIepllH cnoco6 npoaanoncrua II COOTBcTcTByJOn,l1e CMY pationnancar.uecrcno OTIIOmCnJ1H. MUOflIC 113 JJ:aHJ1iicJ\IlX HaJ];TIllCCH CBI1110TC.lbCTllYlOT 0 nerepanax-pafionnanezn.nax, R:W;\ClOIlUiX pa6aml 1IJ1U ornycraunnrx na Homo cnOI1X pariou 3, TPYJI IWTOPhlX OHM, BOPOJITHO, HCIIOJlh30BaJIlI ).(JUI otipatiorxa CUOIIX 30MC,IbHI,IX yqaCTIWH. Hououao, B TC'l(,HHC lI,HYX BCHOR nO;;]OIR£;HIIe He ocrana.rocr, HOH:nlCHlIhJ.\1. Pa3J31tTlIC TOllapHO-).(CHOmIIJ,lX OTHOmomtii cnocoficrnouano 6hlCTP0:l1Y POCTY J1:11YlllCcTfleIlHoii ;.HHpcpepemntanua M 06C3BCMOJIlIllalI11fo I'peCTbHHcTua. IT panna, nponecc paSOpCHl1H MOJlJ01X MeCTUblX 3CMJlCRJIa)IeJJbllCll ,B,OJ1lHeU 6LIJI B ,D;ar\I1H npOTOI\UTb MC;I.10HHOO, '10M 13 pancc 3UllocnalIIILIX llPOBHHIIMHX, IW" 6JJ.rr0 crcaaano BJ,IIIIC. ITo, IIOHI1)l,I1MOMY, npouecc ;)TOT nee FI,C IIlIIO:! :MC(:TO, H 1,aH IJPOTI1BOiteiicTllJlo l'MY RcnhIXMBaJIH BOCCTa THIll HPCCThllll, 1WTOPhi x lIU;1,ITI1 ClI HaSh! na lOT «paaOOHHllHaMH» (Iatrones) 4. BepOHTHO, B ncnrpam.nux paiiouax l~awIl1 cymeCTBOBaJII1 OTJ(e.:lbHhIO irpyrtuuo 30M:WJ(O.lhQCCI\110 X0311iICTBa, J~CHTpa~m IWTOPLIX Hnmr:II1Ch CCJlbCKHO BI1JIJfbl (villae rust lcae), BCTpC'IaBIUlICCfl H ]I npyr-nx PllMCKUX llpOBHHnMJlX: faJIJII1II,

1 0 IWJmqlUI qUeTlIOH C06CTBPIIIIOCTH H3 3CMJlIO B Mcam( CM. T. )(. 3 Jl a TK 0 R C Han. Me31UJ n I-I [ uetca x JlalllCll apsr, CTp. 86 CJl.

2 0 cexn.e HOI,I(erB, "pOl1eXO,1;HfUCll OT serepaua, JlOCe:'llIBlTlCrOCR.

B Harmnaue ITa py6c;(w 1 If II IlB. H. a., n ° nU;_(IITfCllX, OCTaBJlClTlTblX ero noTOMHa:ll 11 , lIpoiw;JiI\auJUITMff T3;\( 1I\lfTb BIJ;JOTI, ;(0 liT B. II. a., or. Gr. F I or C s C 11. 0 noua inscrlptie rcfcritoare la familia Coccei lor de lei Capidava. SCIV, If, 1950, CTp. 126 ('.'1.

3 cu., Ill, 110!), H2tG 5, H2164, 7893 If np,

a cn., III, 158J-H(l21, 1;)79, 1.'):>9 (HOO!)), 8242. Boccrannrmnr HpCCTbRIT3MlI I1X t'IlIT:JCT ,\1. H. ]>OCTOHllCB (Ccsel lschaf't und Wirtschaf't irn rornischen Kuiserzult. Lpz., iuao. T. I, eTp. 3;~9; T. II, CTp. 65). Bec lIa!(lTlICII 1I0CTIlB:IPIlIJ B IHlMJlTh y61fTlJX naTpOII<lMl1. H:lBCCTHO, 'ITO nam-poriaue 1I3MHTIUlI,n 061>1'1110 CT1IHHnlI, I'JlaBHIJM OGpU;IO~I, IIpe)[CTUBlITCJlII 60ruTblx H.!IaCCOB. 11 B ,[(UJI HO~I c.ryune I'lfGC;]" II pe.tc-ruuarcnea :JTllX J\;IIlCCOH MOlReT nO,1;TBep,[(J'lTb npc,;:jIlOJJOlliCJlIfC 0 BI.lcTynJlCHl1H ~IC(,THIJX llillTeJlcii: - xpecrr.an - II o pacupase J!X C IWJ1()ITIfCTa~IH, 3UXBIITHDlllffMH JIY'lUlIfC 3CM'-HJ.

G*

83

Aq,PHIW, IIa Peano JI T. n. B ,Ll;aI01H OHH rpynrmpyiorcn B6J1113H rOpO;J;OB n zrarepoii PUMCI01X ;;IornOHOD (y Capwanereryau, ;\1J;[CIUI, I'epuaaa pu, Anyna, B.rraU.LJ:IIUUhl :1'1 rtp.), r;ilaBIIhlM OOpa30:\1 no CpOP;HO~y TO'lOIIUIO p. Mypeur l1 II J1.0aUIIO Crpea. 8nI BIfJlaLJ Hn;UIJIHCb X0311MCTBeUHhIMH l(OHTpaMl1, C J1.0MO:\I, rno iT'll.'l B:ra:\O;;IOU; IIJI:I'I ynpaurruroutu i1: 30MO;ILIIhI~H BJlaI1:0IU1H~1I, C ca pa Innl, axfiapaun, CWTa;WMI1 II npyrmnr X03fli1:CTneHHhIMII COOpYil{OHJ;[flMlI, B IWTOPhlX conepucanucr, pariu, CJ~OT, CO,;I hCIWX0311iiCTII01lHhllf IIHBOHTaph, 30pHO cofipanuoro ypoacaa II .rpyruc C('.·fhCl'oxo:wiiCTBeIIllhW nponyirrra, 3arOTOB;WII1I1,[0 ;VIH 11()(J;(aiIHL

O~Ha :1'13 raxux 1111.'1;1, pacno.roacounux nonanorco OT Capvuu;orOTY3J,l, OhIJla pacuonaua D oO.1aCTI1 Xofinua n 1!..l-'±8 1'.1 Ca.\la nnana M cupyatauunrii 00 xo:mi1cTuoHIIhli-i: nuop , lI:IOII\a;\LIO 5850 TW. \1., Ohf.'Lll OUIIOCOllhJ J,a\r(,IJlIo~i crouoii, TOJlIT(fllIa W)TOPOH: nocrnra.ia O,~lJ 1\1. C BUYTPOlIlIeii (;TOPOIIl,[ I, CTOHO OhI.l11 npnCTPO()JlhI nati.nonaro.n.ua» oamllH c l,aMOIIIlf,[\In curry l,aT'y penHI,DHf BIIYTPlf crcuaxnr H ;\I:a .1::1I1HI1I.IX .topeumuru x capau, lIH;IHIJIIH1XCH, IlOa:\H.liTO10 , cTol1.'1a.\1I1 ;Pll c IWTa JI:IIl 1\:1 a;(OIlI,OIIL B tryrpu uuopa IIaXO~~J;WCll il\J;[:lOii ;~O:\I, TWTO pJ,di liMO.: [ 1I0t:l'U.::IbIW ] ,0 ,\11 ra T, I'Ph[ThIH nnopnu, MOII(OIlJ[hIi1 <JOpOIIl1QIIJ,lMll 1I.:I1lTa;:\HI, II oa[lIo. B BOPXIIOH CIl()O~[ QaCTI[ ;'.(O:'l[ 61.[.::1, 110 B 1t;:(lnImfy , ;~eponHlIlIhUI, D mmnreii rcaxrouuuxr. B rrcurpa.u.uoii TIaCTlI ;Ulopa IIlLXI);UI:laCb cmo o.ura uotio.n.ruaa J\U:\reIIIIaH orpana, JJH'yTIH1 w)l'opuii coxpaIIU:rlt<.:b OCTaTlOl il,ByX J(OpOBnImf,IX IIOCTpOOI\, IHJ3:\IOiI\IIO, HI::IHBrnnxcn rrovoutcmrrom ;(:]J] pation. CPO;-(I;[ BOll~Oi1:, naii.rciu: hIX 1I P II paCT\oJIRaX nJIJIJlhI, 6hIJUI: iIW;103Hhl i'l icryr PUl\ICIWrO TUJla, Pl1:VICRIlO cncrir.n.nurm , oo.lo~mf cocy.tou, i[\oJl03IILle H3;'I,0.::rUH, TIOpOnana, ],ycrm pacrrucuoii IllTYI\UTYPI\l1, a rarcne ;UlO :'IroneTh! (ARTOHHIIU 111111 11 ::.bara6a:ul), na OCl[OnaUlIH reoropu x :'IWil\lIO YCTanOBlITh npexur eYIILOeTBollauIIH .rarnroji BIl:I.lhl, a If\1(,IIIIUnropan no.iouana 11 II ucpnarr rrO:IOIlHllU III u,

BOPOHTHO, H11.'I:ro rar.nro ihP rnna Jlpllrra;l.lOiJ-lHT J[ ()CTaTl\l1 nocrpoainr, otiuapymerunrc Il 11 Of III a Ce.·loii 2 n 3-4 I,M OT Capxuru;eroTy3r.T. TaM na XO;J",W Iwii;\CII 1.[ ocra nur Ha.\I(\HlIOii eTOHI,I 01\0;[020:\1 ;-(:lllUOH II 1,3-1,J \'1 ro.rnunroii, 'WpCHlO! rperco-puuCIUIX Ba3, ccperiparroo acpua.:o , mo;:rO:lIIhlO lWI01Ht, l'ItHOJlWeTBO sepcnan H npyrno BOlT{lI. 'I'aicuo mOBII;[JIhI OW;llI OOHa P'y;'l{OHhI MOJHJl:Y pp. Mypcm II Covcm n B ncp xorn.nx p. COMC!I!. HfliK;\all M3 IIllX npencrannuna P;OOPOTIIJ,Jll Im:\1CHHI.Jii: ;:1.0M, COCT()lIIlll1i-i: 113 3Ha'H!TO;[hIroro HO;[J1.QOCTlla JlOMOIl{OlIl1ii, JII)llQe::'l1 ueico ropuc U3 IIIlX llMOJJ l1 X0311HCT 1l0HHOe Ha311a TTeTIlIO. 11 ()!l1CIl~OfIIm H:\W:UI ClIeU;Ham,HO yCTpOOTlHylO ororurre.u.uyro cnCTO:\IY (rHHHOKaYCT),

1 O. Flo c a. Forma (Villa rust ie a) din opocu sl'l;l\·al.l'i~t:, ro run na.

Mnterialo urhcologicc privind isloria vorhc a H. P. 1\., T. l , 19;)0, HlIl'Urcsti, CTp. 7,'\:) c.r.

, 2 «Dnc ia», T. I , ('Tp. 2GI\ C;1.

84

OtJOIIT, pacnpocr panennyro II PHMCIOIX nocrpoiixax COnCpHblX npomUJIUIU 1. CYITlCCTBOBUlwe II ono 0 Hl,f X unztn YHU3LmaO'l' ua uana'lite :3JIalII1TO;JbHI>IX 3e~IC,'lblILIX 1l.:IU;r:ClIlIli, o6c.rrynulBae:\,(,rx patiaxa. Ho JW.Hl'reCTBO rarcnx mw:r B ,I~UI"'IH 1I03IIatJIlTC",bTIO.

I' UT)lI;(Y C MCJlmnl 1I CPCiVlI1:vr aC.\J,:ICB';W;(ClIJICM II <J!0P:MHPYIOJJllnJCfI l\pyI1III,L\1 tlaCTllhnt B .D,amlll ;\lOrml OhlTL 11 nsrnoparopClaw CU:lJ,ryChl, ;J:'::Hl 00 paaouuuna IWTO pu x TUM cyntecruoua.ur nee YC..10BHlI. 110 IICTOlJHlIl:\1i no )..(UIOT B03MOiHHOCTll CIW:3UTh 06 3TOM 'ITO-III10Y;((' on jll'JlC:ICHIIOO. If ~ICOTCfI HCC1W.;JhIW namnrceii , y II OM 1Inarouurx JJ:.IIICPUTOPCI,HX PUOOB II UO'::ILHOOTIlY"leJIlJl1lWB, !I]1::tflIOJIlIIXClI yupaunrcnnxru l1M01I111[ (dispcnsalor-CIL, 11 r, 108.:i, 1301, Kcrcnvl .J\~ 1959) JI,:111 JIal(Cl\IOTP"l}ITWMll aa X03J1 H.(;TBOAI If paoa~1I1 (actor) 2; ClTII nu.trrucn 1I03JJO:WJOT npenno.rararr, ]1[\:111'1110 ]I J~al\l"l HaJ\IIX-TO 11;\1lJ('paH)p(;I\I1X H.la,r:r:eHI!IH. Bl\ICCTO C TeM, IL\I('IOTClI ::JlIIll'l)UqHI'ICCJ>JW CBlI;[CTeJII>CTBa, JW;ITBcpil:;JaIOJJ\IfC npnH1l;l:reiJ,IIO(;Tb I'()CY;Wpt:TBY 1I,1JI uxiuoparopy nacrfimn , WJTOPbIO c;.(aBa:Ul('1, B apCIJ;\Y (CIL, Ill, 120H II 13G3).

Ha ~yJIIl!) BJlCIWhIe B PlIMCROH ucropun ;lf1>1 JWTJll'lIal'~lCH C tlpe3Ilh]lJaiiJl() J111TCpeclI(,I:\[ HU:ICIUIeM - nopcce.rcnucxr na PlIMCl:YIO TOppltTUPllIO He;JLIX n:JeMCH, pa3MelllUBUJIIXCH pauco BUC puvcunx B.:la;ICIUI if. CTpa60H (Ill, 10) paccxaauuaer 0 1I0pc(;e;JOlII111 JJ() cDpal:luo .:i0 T]'I(,ITt{ rCHW. vb ua.u-porinoii HUi1:lIliClI URMeCTHIIl'a :\103m! 11:laBHll1 Cu.u.naua ~lbI Y;lJIal'M 0 JJopece:WIHfII 11M B \'iC;1I110 <q,:rrr YIf:WThI nauu. 6o.:Jce lull Tl,ICJ1l1 ;M;IYHaifcIiMx napnapon C if,CHa~111 If ;(OTI>Mll, a raiono co crapcinuunaaa 11 I[3T)lI"11 3. 8Ta TCIf;IL'HlllflJ ()co6cIIJIO YCII';ll1naOTCJI upir Mapuo Anpo.uur H c",C;I:OlJallJllliX :la lU1:.1 nsrucparopax. ~Il()" J\aCCllH: paccrcaaunaer 0 ncpccc.rcmur Catinuuanoxr "PH 11MJlOpaTOTw I{OMMO;lO 12 TLICfP{ fiYPpoll ua TCPPIITOlJl11O ,[(31\111'14. BO;lMOIl\IlO, t{TO rai: me cacnycr non 11.\laTL 113JJeCTlIIT 0 IIO",Y']CIII1J1 lla3.'Ill'JIU>lMU nnevcaavu nocao Mapnoxiauucuoii noiiru; 3C.\IC':I(' B ;~a"IlH, ITaHHOIHIII, Me31T1f 11 T. ;1.5

I'aiure noceaennra-diencparu HY,I\II]'1 6blaH PJilMY ;VlH 3311111TIJ oro rpaUI111 OT nco YC11';lIwaHHI(eI'OClI lJaTlICIW coucpnux H llOCT()'IHTJX HapO:lOB. lIo, I,POMO TOI'O, OIlU npe;tCTaU';IiI:IM ,(.;Ill pnv.unr ranoii )I\C, OC:I11 He OOJll,llIllii: 11I1TepCC II IWI, patio-ran CII:la no HllOIlL ofipa- 3YIOIIllJXCH OOJIIIlPULIX uorpauuunr,rx uxmoparopcuux InWlllIH.X 6.

1 J)olgozalok, \'11, 1915, CTp. 48 C;],; Ta~1 lnl', T. V, 'f, I, 1914,

CTP, ;,:; (,,1,

2 Kcrenvi, .\~ 9~i8, TOil,C .\; 2:379a. :1 CIL, XIV, 3608.

4 C 11 S S. J) i 0, LXXII, 3, 2.

5 Ta.\! il'C, LXXI, 11; LXXI, L-). 0 ~IHOI'OqI1CJlCIlIlI')X nepcce.tonaax «nn pua POB» 1111 PlnlC HIre 3CM,lll B I V B. piI('<:IW;!LJUaCT A~u!Hall IHa pI\C,r.rI1H, XXXI, 4, 1; 4, 5; 4, S.

6 311l1l1TCPCCOBIlIlIIOCTh usmeparopon U tjie;{CpaTllX, nOCaiHCITTlhrX na PUMC!(YIO ,lC:IoI:1I0, C ro-nor apenarr YJl;JUTJ.J rum HaJlOrOB, JlO;J;'WpWfBilCTCJl H AM-

85

It B TO npeua H:aK DO DCOM PIIMCROI1 JIMnOpll11 rrpOMCXO)J;J1T nponecc npunperrneuan 30M,leJ~( ... m.ncn I{ Y'laCTKa~I, npOl(OCC npespameaux ax II 1\0"'011011, II )_(alOfl1 HaOjIJO;caOTCll HlrropOCHOO, xapaxrcpnoo )l:1}1 lice I1B.;101l110. 3)lOCh npenpamaror U IW:10HOB nenste nlIeMCJlU, canran 11X ua 3C:\1JIIO. Paannruo aroro ocotioro Bll.n:a IW;rrOlIaTU OO'hllCHHOTCJl cTpaTOBl'1CCI01!\l rrO:IOiKOlII10M J1amm II eo «napnapcruno OI'pymCTITWM. OCCRUInC na 3C:\1:110 rrJIC:\fCHa npO;~CTaRJIH:JJI c060ii nonotino PUMCI\IlX IW;'lOIIOU (quasi coloni). TaKMM otipaaox, ::>TOT 11l1MClmH: HIICTIITYT, 1I0PCHOCOlIlIhlii aa .iaKI1M CHYTO IIOlJllY, rro.1YlJl1.1 () p Hl'l1HalIh ByIO <P0PMY.

h. PYAHmm

,Tl;aKlur nanauna czrauunacr, CROHMIiI ropuuxnr ooru TCTBa;\1Ir.

Ta:\I UMO.'1IlCb ooraTcihmlO 3aJlelI\U 30JlOTa, cepcripa , MCJI:H, OJlOHa, me:1e:3HLIX pyn, COJll1 11 MpaMopa, paCIlO;'lOiI\CIIHhTC, rviauuusr oripa- 30M, B ropax TpalICIfJlbllaHI1I1: B GaCCCI1HO pp. l\epelU (l\plImyJJ), COMem, Apauonr, 110 TOl.fOlH1l0 p. Mypom 11 3aTe\1 IOil\H08, B paiione llCTOIWU p. TIIMHIII H no TO'lClIHIO p. MYHarr. If 0 UOJlbme ucero CJIaIlH:JaCb AaI{J1a CllOI1MIT 30JlOTl.IMM: PY;I.HI11WMH.

IJ aI160:I8e TIl\aTCJ[LIIO paapatiarsrnacauo B pnxcnoe BpC~lH, :30.'10TI>IC pY,l1mum aaxomrnucr, B ropax 'I'pancicn.namnr, II paiioue CODPOMOHIIbIX Bapoumarorca, PYl(3 II 3J1UTHhl no p. Apanorn If co npI1ToJ\aM, rne 30JIOTOHocm,re JIOPO;(T.I usrxomr.ur nO'lTM na nonopxuocr». 1\pO:\fC roro, 30.rIOTI,Te PYil:IIHHlf HlIW/InCh D ropax y lIOPOnazra I, pacrroii 6amHlI 11 na p. OJITO Y I\OMIIOHI1. CI\phITOO D uenpax 30M:I1! 30:101'0 6hTJIO OAHOM II3 rrpH'II1H, aacranuurnax PI1\IJUIlI onuyrmponarr, JJ:aJIeHYIO II cyponyro aanyuaiicuyto 06aaCTb. o I(OHlIOCTlI llJIH PI1MJllllI ::JTRX PYJJ:HIlKOB ronoprrr II ra nocncurHOCTI" C HOTOPOM oun noa06HOBII:III )lOOhll.fY 30JTOTa, KaI", rO.:tLTW 3aXBUTH:IM ,IJ;aIUIlo, ir TO BHHMaIIIIO, HOTOPOO )'LI:e:m:1 PHM npotinoxro ImaJB1(pl1l(llpOllaHIJOH pa6oQcH: CIJ:Ihr: B gUI,1110 GIJm! JI:OCraD:10HhI cnOlum;lI1CTI,I - ropHOpaOO'I118 II3 npyrnx npOBHIIIU1U. Pl1:11CIWO rrpaIJHT8:ILCTBO 3aOOTI1,'lOCL 0 TOM, 'ITOUf>I HWITO IIO npOTIlITCTBOBa.'lO 6ocrropcGoMHoii pa60TC PY;(HI1JWB. Onacancr, BOlfHCTBCIIHbIX aarranuux COCOJJ;OU, llOpOHTHO, naurou, pnMJII-IIIO YJ{pOIIUmr UyTh nnepx no J(o.lHHe p. MYPCIII, IIOCTaIHIIl RPClIOCTII II YCThlIX 00 npuTOROH, llOAylI~IIX H paiiony ropur.rx pa3paOOT()1{. Ofi.racru paapa60TOR aociora cnonaarn.ao OXpaHHJIaCb nOCHHLT:\ll1 QaCTHMI1, CTOHlI(llMH n PUCllOJIO/IWlIIU,TX 1I06:I1130CTlf I;:P ClIO CTfI X , HUK, nanpavcp, n IWCTOJIJIO A6pYLI: 1. 3a LI:06WWH ao.ro'ra, B03MolIniO,

MllanOM ,uapUCJIJIllnOM (XXXI, 4. tI), rWI',:(a orr paccrcaar.rnacr, qTO o"aroJJ;apH 1I0eC;WlIIlIO I'lMrrepaTOpoM Ba:rCHTO\f n75-378) napnnpoB aa npanoa 6cpcry pcicu, n PHMCHYJO Ka:lny 6y,~YT CTeWlT(,CH orpovnue eyMMhl (<<Lhesauris accederot auri cumulus magnus»).

I «Dacia», T. VII -VIII, crp , :~OO.

86

Ha6mo.uaJI OTpHiJ: co.mar (m ilites Osrohocnorum aurariarum Dacicarum) 1.

TO'IHoe paCnO;r0lf\eIIJ10 pnvcrmx cepoopHlIhlX PY;{HI1ROB He M3110CTIIO, HO n pynmucax I-\OH:IIemI 06I1Upya,eH cO;:J;cpaWlIU1I1 cepe6po J\1e~lOllOii lW:JI'Il'J(UH. IIOP01{hl ilpyrl1X PYJllJJ1IWH 'I'panCJ1:IbBaHllH 11 ucpxoui.on p. Te:'lhl raioue COJ(CP,I,UT B eerie copc6po. BepolITIIO, PJ1MJIflIIO PWJlM oro ,n06hlBaTL nepoa nopenaam.y. 00 ::JTOM cnu;,!:OTl'.:II,CTUYOT rpovannoe IW:Ill'lCCTllO III.'1aIWBl,IX HY'J, nomcnnmx OT puxcrcoro npeweua 2.

I-IpoMe 30:lOTU 11 coporipa , 13 ,D;amlM ;J:06hTBa:II1Ch MOl{", CRUIICH II /IW:Ie30. II allOO:lOe 31Ia'll1TC.:lhllI,lC me;le3lIhlC py~UllIhl1 0"""1 paCnOJIOIJWHJ,I B .uO:UllIO p. 4(,Pll"l. inCJI03UYIO Py;(y II:OOhIUU:1H TaRIHO n paiiorre IIOTUIICCJJ J[ Xyncnoapa. Mo.urue PY;{HlIhIl MMo;rnCb no Te'leIII:1TO p. Illy.n, II II Iianaro 3.

Il px aauocnamur ;~aI\JHI If npoupameuuu 00 n plnlCI,YIO npouuunIlJO nee nal100JIOO auauurern.aue M ;{OXO;IUblO 11;1 00 PY.ljJHflWB nopcrrr.nr n COOCTneIIIIOCTb I1MIlepaTopa. IT..'f! vrrpas.romor I1MH 6hl;T coanau IlO;[J,IH: auuapar '1111l0BHHT'OB. Bo ivrane oro CTOHJI procurator aurar iarum - no:u,IIOOTTlYIllCJIJIlm liMITCpa-ropa 4. Ou ocyntccrn.rnn T,OJITpO;rb I1 'lCP03 el!OHX JIOUQJllICIIJlf,lX cotinpa.r vectigaliu C OTHYlllIUIIWB H apclI;WTOPOB PYTI;HIIRon. qacTo OH neDOCPOJ{CTBCUIIO PYIWHO;J:I1:1 PYJl:Hl1J\al\fIt, oco601lI1O OC:IH TaM pafioTa:111 pafira JWM noeuuonaennue 5. Era MOCTOM IIU1TC:JIbCma 6hIJI a,ll;~1I1HHCTpaTI111HhlH nearp pymnrsuoro paitona - ropon AMnOJl. BmmwiiwHMII nOMOIllHI1HaMI1 npoxyparopa OhlJUr subprocuratoros aurariarum 6 - route Ii3 T1MuepaTopcRIIX BO:IhllOOTI1),II(ClUlIlHOB. MllOr01lIICJlOHHhlO 'lMHOBHHHII - tabul(arii) aurtariarum) dacicarum 7 Ii adiutoros tabulariorum" COCTan:WJlM oro IWHllOJlHpHIO.

Bo MHOrJ1X pymrnxax .upyrux 'laCTOH PUMCHOll IIMIIOpllII J1CIIOJlb30naJICH rJIaBHblM ofipaaox Tpy,ll; pafion; U:lBCCTHO rarone JlP"Jl1eHCHIIO rpyna coanar 1I npacrynuaxoa. ,IJ;.:'JlI l~aI01I1, Uapflj(y

1 An, ep., 1911, .M 36.

2 O. J) a vie s. Roman minos in Europe. Oxford, 19.35, CTp. 206.

3 F;o:TOO rronporino 0 pa3Mell~OIII'III PI1MCI{lIX PYi-lHl1lWB CM. Y O. ]) av i e s. "Ylta;). COt!., crp. 198 en. Yf snpra VI.

4 CIL, III, 1312 (M3 r. Axneaa): M. Ulpio Aug. Jib(ertus) Hermiae

proc(urator) aurariarum. .

O'lOH1f;.(flO, Mapt( "YJ.!bIllIB: 6bIJ.! Ha3HaqeH eznc TpaJlHO~f. C~f. TUHJfW CIL, III, .1\2 1311.

I) O. D a vie s. "Y1(a3. r on., CTp. 11.

G C,I L, II I, 1088, (M3 r. Asruen): Avianus Aug. libertus subpro(curator) aurarinjrtumj].

7 'I U~I me, 1297 (1I3 r. A~moJI): Neptunalis. Ero me lfMfI CTOIYT B nanlTMeR CIL, III, 1313,110 TaM OII aucrynacr yme IWR procurator aurnrium . ailoeb MJ.! MMeOM neno, nepoaruo, C 1l0BhllIlOHIIeM H J(o:nnHOCTM o.uroro II TOI'O me qrrHOBIIMRa.

8 TUM: me, 1305; AEM, 1882, !'Tp. 106, .'\2 41.

87

C UCnO;If,30nanUeJII D PYJ(HI1I<aX :HIlX Bll;J:OB panoucii CH:(J,I, xa parcTepUO upuxunicuuc Tpy;~a CU()OO.lHhIX no.n.uonacanux paGo'HtX 11 c.taua p.v;l!l!lTWB B apOH,TJ:y. BOPOflTIlO, raxr cyutccrno na.nr 1\al, rcpynuuc UPOIJ:WTOjlt,[ n:nr o'THYllWUtUI, TUI\ H )'IC';II,lre CBOOOJ(HhlC apennaroprr. O:lHa na.muci. H;J Axnrena lIUCTaKJeJla U 'JOeT" J1\lrICpaTp!lllLT ~JYIlH.:I;J1'1 Men'llY 161 It 167 IT. 1I01·aBtlI Iibtcrt i) et familia ct Iq~1I1i aurariar (C1L, Ill, 1:~(7). B ;lpyroli H<UlIlICU RCTPO'IaCTCH M. Aurcl ius Maxirnus legulus (Cl L, 111,1260). Il pumUla}! no BJllnWHJ1C, 'ITO no rnauo ynpaB.;leHIIH py;1,lIl1l\a.'.tl1 c:rOH:UI BO:JhHOOTlJYlllOIIHlIJ\H, l\ILI MOIJ,eM II pe;lHO:IO,fWTh 1, 'ITO lihort i et familia - 3TO J-;uul\czmpclmo tlllllOBlIlHm 113 no.u.uoornyurcuII1llWH If paOOH, CTOfiBITTllO BO r.rano rO(:Y;lapCTHCJlUJ,IX PY;lH![T\OU. qTO J;aCaeTCH OIlpe;\C:18H11H leguli, TO 3n,oeb cymccruyer lleCI\O;lh);O MHCIlIJii. lOHI' 2 1Ia31>1 uaer !IX :IJO;(L~IH, IWTOPhlC (;06(,TIJCHlI hHIII pyrcaxnr ;lOO hIBa.-1I I Tl3 pel, 30;']OToi1 nccoic: J{(;eLIOIJO:I C'lIITaCT HX paGm,lll, l-;OTOPhlC llCllo:rh;lona:IIIC[, na paoOTax u PY;(Ul!h:UX 3; POCTOUUCB 4 tnl;(11T B III1X xre.rxux OTh:YJIIlUHWU. Ilouunauovy, loguli noiicrnurc.n.uo HB:III:IlICh apon.tarnpaxnr IIoGO:II,JlIIIX yuacruou. BOpOHTHO, 06 apcunaropax ~l.lll ()Tr-;YU11llIIWX ,1'0;103- HhIX py;I)IHlWB oo;ree 'I;:PYITIIOrO xtucurrafia r()UOp!lTCH u namurcn Jl3 Cap:.tHucrCT),81,1 5, O1'HOCITIneiicfI II: lJOPIIO;W 212-217 ]'1'. A13Topa1111 ce llB.lIUHCb conduct.orcs Icrrariarum I'aII pllii. I'anpuan 11 (J);wllllii Corcpine. H3Ul'CTIlhl uaxi 1'alO1,C 11 ()'mynnIHl,u eO,'IIIHhTX py.nnn.on: conduct orcs pascui ct sal inarum (CIL, TII, 1363, 120!)). 8TH OTl{YllIIlH"U cnananu PY;J,lllUW u apeuny OO:ll'C :lfC.ll\IIM C1,C:\lJlllII\U_\f, 1\OTOPI,IC ;)w:n,lyaTilpOna;w PY;..(l{f!II>11 Ca!\HI, C Jl()~f()1I1hIO cnoux noxraunuix, a T(\1\,I\O HC:I<lH()l'I1X paoo n II.1H clloGo;nll,IX pafiounx.

B 30:101'hIX PYIl.IIIIJ,ax TpaHcH:If,BaHlIH 61.1:111 naif;loHl,T I!OrnClILIO ;lOIIIOtIf(H, conopzsamuo J(OJ"OUOPhI () rraiivo pa6U'IOM ('.u:nJ (Cf L, 1]1, tah. ccr., IX, X, XI). Onun 11:1 HHX OWl 3aI-':!TOL[CI[ U 0I\Ta6pe 163 r., ;\pyro~ B Mae 164 )'.; Y TpcTI,eii ;\OIfl.C'-II\1i{ ClI:lbHO nonpen.neuo ua-rano TC"(~1'a, M OHa naT!1 rOBlW lie nonJWCTCH. Bee ::>Tf]" TpH norouopa COCTaB.l0HhT CJll'I(llaJlhllhnIH uucuana no onnoM lPOP!\lC C lIl'HOTOphl~UI napnauraxur B eY)IMaX, cpouax OJIJIaTLI H 1IllWHaX . .JlY'IIUO BCCr() coxpanunacr. 1'ao:1114);:a M to 6.

1 ~l. VI. Poe 't 0 D l~ e B. Hcropn» rocynnpc'ruenuoro OTHylHl II 1'11)1-

cnoii H:\mCpI1H. Cl lfi., 1899, CTp. 1~5.

2 J. J un g. HOllwr und Homanon in Donauliindorn, CTp. :117. 3 A. D. Xc nap 0 I. YIW:3. CO'I., T. 1, ("fp. 88.

4 ~J. 11. P o r; T 0 n 1\ e D_ Y'W1. COq., np. 125.

[, «K l io», trJO!) , CTfl. 375-37G.

6 Cl L, Ill, CTp. 9/18, tau. ccr , X. Oua on~-G.1H1;0J1aHa -ramr;c C 1l0B"I~1H I<OM~Jm-ITapJllJMII D Jf3,la1lfBI V. A ran g i 0 II u i z , Fontes luris Homani an to Iust.ini ani , pars Ill. Florent iae, 1943, np. 4G6: Macrino et CeLiO cos. XIII Kal(endas) Iunias. Flavius Secundinus scripsi rogatus a Mcm mio

88

Ona nasuuacrcn c YI,uaaHIIJl IIU nary ee cocran.rorrwn: B I\OUCy.lhCTllO Marcpuua II l Icrn.ca. 3aTCM nnceu (J):lamdi CC"YJI;( coofimaor, 'ITO OIl HanIlCU;;J CO 110 np()CLO() narununomcrocn i\1l'~n1l1H, csrna ACI\;;JCHIIH, "()TU pl>rii tint I!(~rjJa:llOTL'JI; :1T01' noc.re.muii 01',;1,aOT teo}! J1 eB()ii 'lpY;1 II Tla('IIOPHiI,CIH10 JlPl'tlllpHmnIUTo.:llf, apcnnaTOpU 30:loT01'O py.uuuca Aupcnan AJ(hIOTOpa, 11, IHl'HIHUlf C .31'01'0 ;'J,Hl1 no 6JlJ-li),aiiIUJLX 1I0f:OPh('],I1X 111(, no.nseu no.lY'I11T1> B TC'IOIllW nainroro npoxtcnu IUflTY ill'll r.rav 11 , B cyM:\le 70 IlCHU pucn, 11 t1,CCTHbIC upunacu. .IJ:clIl·l1mHII cy:\I:\la O~';lOT yu.ravonu JlO OT';OH'laHBI! cpor.a .ior onopa. 3a aro :\lc:\D1l1ii, C['IH Arl\:loIIHH, J(o;nfWII 6LT.1 J I pe;wcraBI1TJ. numena ;1I1a IlTlO:\lY II pCJO I P HIIllM UTCcllO C lloi1 rpy.t ;J;J,UPUIlLIM 11 CIVlhIlI,[;\I. 13 e';I)"WC, OC':W, IIP()TJIB ll().;JII npcnn pHlUWaTCJllJ, on 3UXO'ICT orrcaaan.cn 1l:1H n por.pnrnrr. pafiory.ou ~lU,jljIWH aarurarun, JlPC;(lfJHITlInlaTC;1I0 aa Hum;U,l"H: nco r pafioraulfr.Iii ;lCIIh 110 ;) rec1'cpJUICB, IlbIYI1'[UC~lLIX 113 0611leH cp.nH,1 OIT:WTI.r. B cay-rae, ec.ur pa60TO JIO:\WurUC1' nano.urenuo, cne.tyer npouaIlP1:TJI pacscr ua 3al,OJffIO:\[ OC[[OBamm. EC:JJf il\O rrpc.tupnunvarenr., 110(".1 n TO 1'0 I{a"h If poii ;WT Il PC\! H, ;Iarr:cpm 111' YlI:Ia1'Y C;J C;(yc~l(jru llo:nrarpumJ[cIIJlH, ou 6y,c(l'T 1].-'a1'111'L Ty mc cy:\ll\1y IICYCToiilm, aa 11CI'.~IIO'Il'IIHel\1 rpex npocI)()'ll'l[[[bfX nucii, 3UTC1f C;J1C/lYOT YI,a:lURHO na MeCTO aaRJlJO<fCllHH norouopa , II CTOH1' IIOJ(ITI1CI1 uannxratoniorocn pafiouero - Mp:"I1MVlH, cuua ACI\J]CllHH, 11 )~llyX eBlI;te1'CJIcir, Il.lH J(OBCr)(\lIHhIX : 1111 ( IWflI1MaTe;JH. HtliIl;U,IM H3 nO;1,lH1CUIlIUHxeH eBJIJteTPaoi1, IWlI JlOllOl)OHHhlX ;JJlU, n CHOIO O'IPPC;J:L. HBJI}lJ]C H apCII,laTO P0:'I, ]Jonll,c(T1~lO:\1y, COCC:UWl"O PYll.TIIIlW. B Ta6- :1U'fI\O 9, cocranacnuoii B COCl'J[IlC:1l pynnur:o A I huruo Ma ior i HcelW;U,liJl:l1Jl lIIt'CHlunll! pansmc, '1C:\1 1'aO,lIl'u..:a J 0, R h:a'lCCTf30 rrpCJ[npllIHD1aTO.CIfJ, lIUHII:YlaIOIIlOJ"O patiosoro JIYHlIH Y:TblflIH BaJIePHI-I, nr.icryrraer Coupar, Chill Coupara, all TaO:JllqKe J\~ 11, nara I[ :\lOCTO COCTaB:fcnHa icoropoii lIO Jf3ll0CTHI.I, Tal,llM HUHI1:'.1aTO.leM 6"1:1 TIlT, cr,TH BCB3uHca, OIl mo Ilpanya. B 3TII.':: noronopax 1Ia1l1-1- MaIOnUIHCH m,reTj'lfaC'f I\al\ J(lP")llPICCIWO .uuto. OJ[ HB:IfleTC}{ CBOOO;(IlLf:\l '1e;JOJl('I\UM, Tal{ ;I\l' l,a1\ II npyrnc ;HIUU, 110iUlVIcaUIIIlIC (lTH ).(0 I,YMCIIThf . B noronopax orcnopcuu 1I11TCPOChl OOCIIX CTOPOII, <popMa noronopon (,)(HJlU, II, nounnuxroxry, I1X COCTaH:lH:Ill cuonua.u-

Asclcpi , quia se Iit ltcrlas scire J1rQ'llyit, it quod dixsit so locnsl sc] ot locavit ' operas sj ua ]s opere aurario Aurelio Adlutori ex ha]r] din [i n j. idus NOHTlIbros proxsimas r(dcnfll'ii~) sc lntuaglntn c ibarisquo. l\lcl'('nucJrn per [te lmporn accipere I do hohit. Slllla~ operas sanas va lcntos [ede lre dcbobit conductori fs(upra) s(cripto)]. II Quod si invito eondulcltorc recedere aut cessaro volucrj lt, da jrc I do bebit. ill dies sinculos l l S V numoratos de suml rnn m lercedl is. Quod si] I fluor, impedicrit, pro rata computare dcbehil t ]. Conrluc lto lr si tcmj po lro peracto mercedorn solj vjcndl moram Iecerit., ead] em I pi oena ] I lenehitur except is cessatis tribus.

Artum Iurrncnoso .Uaiori.

Titus Beusant is Socratio

qui et Bru d ua Soc rat ion is

[~J]cITlmius Asc icpi.

UMe IJIICJ(hl IIJlI1 MOJIIOIO 'I JIIHOBIHIIUT , CJIYiIOIUIIIIIO B ail,MI111HCTpaUJUI PY.D.HHIWB 1; OIIn I101\10ram1 apeunaropaxt PY;\IlI1IWU uaIHU1aTb paGO'IflX II3 CBOOO,lUbIX ;nOJ!.eM II, BU3\lOil\IW, O<;YU(OCTn:IH:III }1:01Irpo.n, nan paooroii.

Toproauc noronopu 0 }{YWIO II npO:WiHO paOOB }{ lIO,JOnI1UbI ,!lOMa 2, nUW;leIIIlhle n PYJJ:UJII\aX, CUl1i-1,OT(':lbCTBYIOT 0 PU;lUIITOH: 9IWHO;\UfQOCIWH iIHI3IHr I3 PY1~Hf14IILIX IIOCO.1IWX M 1lOlWJhIBalOT upuuanacmuocrr, IIOC:IOJlIIHX CROOO;\IlhlM a p<'ILlaTopuM, [wa;\cumUM JIOCTpOMHaMH 11 PUOU:lnt. 8nnlll cnofio.uu.rxu aponnaropavu, llepOITTHO, HBJU-IJlH(;L ;\IHOrO'IIfC.:JOllllhIO 1';0.10 IHICTbl, npucxunurnc HJlH npHB030UIIhlO B paiion ;u:almi:icJ\lIX py,'lIJI1IWIl. HCC.lPi-I,OBU- 1II1O InIOH, HCrpeQUIOIlUIXCH IIU 1l01HelJf,fX ;lOIlW'IRaX l! ITa 1IU;lrpUOIILIX na:\lII1CHX IJ:l TpUnCI1JILHaH.l1lf, JJ;OI\U:Ja;JO, 'ITO MIIOnIl' rupuopafio=rue OhWH UPHB030IIhI CIOf(a 113 n UHIIOIII1H II l~aJL\1UUIIJ[ 3. 8TH mOl1:l1 H3 ropusrx OOJlaCTetl 01>1.111, ncpoaruo , lIOTO:!l-lCTnellHhlMH ropHHRaMH, H nx aanaueii OLJ.:JO Ha:W){HTb ropuoe I1.l'JIO n ,il,UHHll. HPOMO CBOOO)]:HbIX patiosax, B .n;aIOfiicRHX PY;J:HIIRax MOrJII:1 pafiorarr, TamIW paOLI, RaR 'IaCTHblO, TaR II rocvnapcrnenasre, a TURiRe npOCTYUHlIRll, aucnaamae ad metall a II pafio'ramnno non HaJI,30pOM BOCllHbIX RapaYJlOB 4. Ilannpyc Pridianum, }{aCaIOmIIMCH IWrOpTbI I Hispanorurn vcterana, anxcnanmeiioa B IIaQa.:Je II B. B HJ1ilml:lU Me311II, a 3aTeM nepeBCI1.CUHOM B ~a}01IO, coofimaer 0 TOM, ':ITO nna COJI,[(aTa 6hlJIII OTIIpaBJIeHbI in Dardanis ad met.alla (CTR. 58) 5. 8TO, BMeCTe c ynoxaaa am aaca nsnne OTpflJJ;OM militum Osrohoenorum aurariarum Dacicarum, IIOnTBepiRJJ;aeT Y'IaCTl1e B pa60TC PY,[(nIIROB 6 xnaprwpoaaarnax B ,n:aRlIII BOHCR. IIpHMeHeHHC rpyna pa60B II BOJlbHooTuymenHI1ROB IIpH paapariorxax ,[(aKl1iicKIIX 30JIOThlX nplIHCIWB IIO,[(TnepiR~aeTCH naxonaoii B nenrpe pairona 30JlOTbIX PYJl.IB1l\OB B Alburnus Maior BomOHoH J{OIue'II,H, B }WTOpOR cootimacrca 0 pocnycxo norpetiansuoa Ro:menmiovisCerncni, cpena q;ZenOB ROTOPOR OblJIH patisr II BOJlhHOOTuyJI{eHIIHRH 7.

TeXHI'fI{a ropaoro nena Y pll.MJIITn CTOHJla na 3Ha':lIITeJIbH01I DhlCOTC, H OIIII mapoxo rrpIIMeHHJlH ee B J(aRI1HCJ<MX pynuarcax.

1 A. B e r 14 e f. A labor contract of au 164, Classical Philology, XLIIr, X~ 4, 1948. CTp. 231.

2 CIL, III, CTp. 944, tab. cor. Vl l I, mIll: 159 f.

3 TaM me, CTp. 214 II .\1<\'2 122:-1, 1262, 131n; tab. cor. VI Il VIII, a ratoree ca~UI" uaauaturrr MerTHOcTt'M: Alhurnus Maior i, vicus Pirustarum.

, 0 BOCHnO~1 nanaopo Ha;{ pa6oTHflKa~lIf B PY;{IIHKaX CM. « K iio», 1910. ,:\1 1, CTp. 500, CM. TaHllW J. J un g. ¥Ka3. CO,!., CTp. 35 H O. J) a vie s. YKa3. COq., CTp. 15. TIO;:(06HWii BoerrHwii: KOHTPO:Jb Ha,,!; py;{HIlIWMIl 6WJI a B Bparaaaa.

5 G. Can t a C u zen e. Un papyrus relatif a lao defense du bas-Danube. «Revue bistorique du Sud-Est europ eon», 1928, .J\~ 1-3, CTp. 5:1.

6 G. Cantar uzcne B YKa:laHHOM conaueuaa npasouar pHD; npyr ax nanHWX, CBffneTeJILCTBylOInI'lX 0 pO •• 1I BOeOlllJX B paanasusrx pynnnxax PUMCKOU l1Mneplln.

7 CIL, III, CTp. 927, tab. cer. r.

90

TaM naiinono MIIOIRCCTBO PHMCHHX IIHCTPYMCHTOB: RJIHHoBII;.J,IIbIe 3y6~ma, KOlloTyrnIUI H lWMCHHhlC MC.'lbIlHl(bI ;J:;IlJ pa3:vICJIh'lCmm ropuofi noponsr, IwpLITa p::rH UP0:vIhIBI\H PYPJ'I. HaHp:eHO JI.{Horo OCDCT.uTC~lbHIJX JlaMU, KOTOPhle neruanacs B aamax rasrnepeii, rI'I).(paBJl114eCKI1C rconeca 11 IlCJlhllI pHA i-lpyrux ltHCTpYMeHTOD II upnCIIocoO.'leHHll 1. L~J1H Hpm.lblBKH py)~h[ na B[,ICOI01X MeCTUX: PH:vIJIlIHC coopyncazra aKBC:n:Yltl1 (KaI{ aro HMC,10 MCCTO na MC;J;HhlX pynnaxax TII30Dl13a H vly6oCII1'l1Y na p. ,u;YHae).

30;101'0 ]l;OGhI na,IIt rJIUBIlI,I:>l 06pa30M ll3 ropULIX nopon, npoRJIULI:hl DaH ranaepo Ii C rrOMon~I,IO Ol'HfI H;J II meilC3HbIX l'IJlCTP YMeHTaB. llame nccro no 6LI;[H npnuoyrom.nue raJIJICpCH 1,22 M BIJcoroir H 0,76 M illHPHlIOH, a nuorjta H 60JIce xpyrrnua 2.

MeTUJIJIhI, p;o6hmaCMblC B )~aKIlur,lmx: pynuaxax, nhIB03l'IJlIlCh B pa3HhIC MeCTa, II ;:J;aIUIHCI01e ropuue 60raTCTBa, 1'aKHM 06pa30M, cnOCOOCTBODu;rH pa.mar aro MC1'aJIJfypnl'ICCKOro pexecrra B npyr ax Pl'IMCRIIX npOBllHIlHHX H B ca:\IO~I Pnve. XOTFI MOCTHoe MOTaJIJIYPrn:'lOCIWe peMeCJIO lIMe;ro l'JIy6olmc ROpliH B xcraarrypr aa )J,O-Pl'IMCRaM ,f(aRllH a coxpanano npexmac narcaiicxae Tpa)J,HlUIH, OHO B TO me BpeMlJ naxonaaocr, non CMJIbHblM DJIMlJHlWM PHMCROii MeTam:ryprI:Ul. CllJIbHCe DCerO aTO BJIllHHllC cxaaunanocs na npoH3BO)J,CTBe npe)J,MeTOB POCIWllll, aoropua ):(OJIIRH hI OIJRH YAOBJIOTBOpars nxycax fioraroa npopaacxn nacrpoonnoii pa60BJIU;:J;eJIJ,qeCROH nepxymrm nanaacxoro OOIIleCTBa.

c. TOprOBJUI II peaeeao

PnMCRHe xyrrnsr aannanena P:aIUIHCI{oll ropronneii eme 3a]J;OJIro P;O nOROpeHHlJ AaIHIll. OHR BhlB03RJIR OTTY;J;a cstp se l'I CHaO,RaJIH mHBUHIe TaM naponu 1I3)J,eJIl'IJlMH: csoero peMCCJIa. PllMJIHHC l'IMeJIII CBOII <PaI{TOPMll, naxonaanrnecn na rpauane. IIJIn naa:e na ):(aI{RMCl{Oll TCpPIITOpl'Il'I; OlIU CRYiIOlJIl'I MeCTaMU omUB;reHHOll TOPl'OBJIH C JI1eCTHbIM HaCeJICUl1eM a OhI;rn rropenaTO'lIIIJMH nYHI{Ta)IU ;l:ilH nam.noiimero pacnpocrpaneaaa ronapou. POJIb raxnx ropro nux q>OPIIOCTOB arpann Ap06e1'a - na JlCBQ)[ Gepery AyaaH Ii ,u;I1110reIlHH (oonpox. I'apasn) na HHiKHCM Ayuac. nOCJIe noiia Tpauaa, Ror]J;a AalulH cnezranacs pRMCKlIM nrianeHHCM, BCC ce ropona cramr nenrpaua roprorom. B03MOIKJlOCTl1 xynuon HOM3MCPl1MO B03POCJlH, npOiT\;:J;e nccro nOTOMY, 'lTO ,n;aRHH HaXO~l,I'lJIaCb ua rcrannox ropronoxr nyTII 01' l{opnoro Mopn K AnpuaTU'lCC.ROMY. HPOMC roro, QCPC3 nepona.tu B Hapnarax nenacs TOprODJIH c concpO-BOCTOQH['lMI1 rcpMunCKuMll, c;raBHHCKlIMII II capMaTCl{IIMR IWCM:eHaMlI. Haxonaa I,;-raJJ:OB PlIMClU'[X MOllCT HMneparopcuoro nepnona TflHYTCH urapoxoii nOJIOCOH 01' ItapnaT I{

1 O. D a vie s. ~'"a3. COq .• crp. 201-204. 2 TUM me, CTp. 202.

!ll

cpenneuy ,IJ;HOl1py 11 nam.ino I, UepXOBhHM ,UOHua. (hm nCTpOqaIOTCH ,numo n II1!30IlhI1X 3aIJaj(l!oii J~llllllhI '. ,I1;a H 113 caxioii ;~UlUIII ",lOIlmo 6Ll~1O BhlBOaTIl MlIOmeeTllO npo;:.(YHTOB, Heo6xoJ(lIM&IX HUK JI)IH PIIMa II llTaJH1M, Tal, II )(;IH pm.ICI,I1X npounnnm].

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B,rlH. 1951, .:''' 4, CTp. 244. 2 CIL, III, 1!i00.

3 Tim )Iie, 1351; 7853. 4 cu., v, 1047.

5 CIL, JII, 20R6.

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, Ta~t me, 1553.

6 TaM me, 1209; (,Darin», T. lII--IV, CTp. ;,4R.

6 «Klio», 1910, CTp. 490, .\~ 11; CTp. 496, J\} 13; crp. 504, J\} 2; CIL, Ill, !J7:J, 984.

7 FIOI'cSClI, erp. 29, ~\~ 23.

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aarranaoii 'laCHIO ;1:aI,l1HCIWrO OTp03l\a :3TOll IIamIOno-IIOHTHMCIWH )J:opOI'l!l. 1\ AT1y~y me nO;'lBO;'lVlJIa noporn, B0.J:ymaH lJJ paiioua 30:IOTLIX PY;:J.HUKOB. KpoMe aTIlX OGHOBIIhlX ).furl1cTpaJ1oif, n l~aluIII 6h1;'l0 MIIOiKeCTno MX OTBOTDJIeIHIii:: B;::{OJIh pp. COMOfII, Hpnuryzr H Mypem (aa ]lOCTOI~ OT Anyna), ]\ ropasra npoxonaxr D;J:OJlh r-paunn II T. n.

,n;JHI oti.icrucnnn CBH30ii C garmolI plI:\I~f1f10 B03BO.::Ilf HPYITHhIO MOCThT sepca ,u;yuaii. EIlLO no orWJlQWIO:IhHOrO aanoeuanrru aTOll IIpOBllIITII1l'f TpaHH nopyua.r ~yIHITeM'y apXHTornopy roro BpOMeHJI AnOJJ;10,J:0PY ,n;aMUGC]\OMY BO:1Il0CTf:I IWMOIIIIhI1i MOCT xepea ,u;YHaii y ,n;pooeThI. ,[(HOH HacGuii. nocxnmacrcn 8Tll:\1: rparrJUf03IJblM COOpYJlWHHOM Jf COO(IJlWOT, 'ITO l\IOCT COCTOH:T lI;l 200LIhOIl, CnOJIaHHhIX 113 'lonlpoxyrO.:IhHhIX rcaxnteii, uucoroii ()O:IOO 45 ~l, HO C'lY1TaH OCHOBaHI1H, 11 mupuuoro 01\0;'10 18 \1. i"hlT 6hmn 6bT.;:rM OTLtaJlCHb] npyr OT ;J,P.\ ra paCGTOIIHIfO\I OHOJlO 51 \1 ]I CBlI:lI,]Bu;:-mCT, upI~aMll1. bo;rhlllOi'[ MOGT ua lOnfel1HhlX crn.ifiax O,l:IIOI'O n:l pe.n.cqrou Tpal1l1ODOH I\OJIOHUbl (rcapr. !J!:J) 1IIlJIHCTCH, B03:\lOiHHO, lI;306paiKoIIne~1 :noiI nocTpoiiJ,H 2. Jlonotinoro me T11l1a ,J:pyroll MOCT OLIJI, ITOBl'I)J.mWMY, y r. :::lGI<U. Ero "1H:';r:~lOCTIH)e yl,pE'lI~leHI10 naiinono na 60;rrapCHml (Jopery )_{YlJal1 11 ofiuapv.rceuu IW:'IIeHTILle ocnonaaaa ObmOB OI\O.TJO p. II ('I\LI pa, J I a ;t\"1Jao 11\0 Ohl;la RaH:;}Ona 60Jlhmall 6pOH30nua 'lOThl pcxvro.n.aan CJ\Ooa ;(;:Il'IIIoii: 60.'100 90 CM, CJIYiK11Bmarr ;'lJIH CBl! aunannn JW :'ITOHIJ ux -racreii MOCTa 3.

~JIH yl1,emOB:IOHHH ToprOBhIX 1I0P01l0301, JI OO:IOr'fOUY1a CHUO'HORlIH apvna TpaHH nencn npO:IO/l\IITb na ro:ronOl\PY,I,I1TeJIhIIOii BhICOTe nopory B;J:O.:Ib zrenoro roplloro Gopera ;[Yllall. Oua Ha'll1- HaJIaCh OT iROJIe3IIhlX BOpOT JI ruuv.racr, nil paccrnuu ae OIW:IO 100 JOI, oyny'lw 'laGHI'IHO BhICE'tl8flllOi! B cxa.re 4, '1aCTlIYHO coopyareaaok B BI1;J:e BIICH'lOrO I1,OpeflHHIJOl'O OUJII\ORa. 0 ua )J;OJImrra 6hI;;Ia CJIyml1Tb n.;:rH 6YHcliponaHHH narpyaccuuux Iwpa6JIeif, rar:

Ea]\ MHomeCTBO rroporon rrperpaaotamr B no.\{ MeCTO ,n;YHaH: 11

1 Cas s. D i 0, LX VITl, 13, 1.

2 C. C i c h 0 r i I!S. TCXUJdnrl, crp. t;:n. Hpoue.tctmr.ro ll~ 1858 r.

JI3hlC1Wnlom orcono J(POOCTlJ IJO;ITBep.IlT:IIT 1I<I:IIl'l1TC Ta~[ ()CTHTI(()R oo.rsuroro fm~1('HHOrO MOI'Til. C\1. T31GfW A. )) e (~C i. Podul lui 'I'rajan dela TurnuSeverin. A I SG, I, 1932, CTp. 11iO.

3 C. S c II u c h h II r d t, Y"IICI. CO'I., e rp, 229-230. Cyurocrayor MHCJUre, 'ITO <lTOT :\IOCT OTHOC'IIT,'1l l{ GO,lOC ll(n.(IlC)lY npevon H, lIO, C npyroir CTOPOIIT,I, CCTL nee or nona IH1H n pe;(lIo:Jll ra rh, 'ITO Rilrt(lf('iiIllall aopora, cenauna amas (Ilp:mmo c J\al,nd1 II na.ice c Ila nnouacir tl l"a.'1.'JIIPll, H.\1C'Hl, npo-rmuii wnlcllllwif ~lOCT rrucoro mc nnw, 1{31WH O!.I:l Y ;~poGeTl.r; R TOMV mc 9TO 6r"'l I,paTqai1nlll~l II.'Hh ;.IMI 111'\)('UO;I<I B Ilruuno, B r ayune 1I1l;.lOOIlOCl'If, paCl\Bil pTfI ponannu X B II !f;RIf0M '" (;.mll ;H~nIOHI)R.

4 J.1:lOGpameIlIJC orpo.n:a aroii IlO)!OrIf, 3 Jr)WHTlO eo IWIIC'lIlOii 'WCTIf OKO.1JO r. Op.ionu, MO;!,HO nn.rcrt, B "11111"(' V. D II]' U y. ll istoiro des Homuins, T. IV. Paris, 1882, CTp. 719.

9G

M.emami CllOKOHHOMY XO;:(Y Cy;::t:OD 1. B Hau60JIcc yakoii 'laCH1 yruC:IbH coxpauanacr, BbICC'ICmIarr B CIW:W HaJJ:IIIICh, CBHJJ:CTC;lhCTBYJOmaH 06 aroii IIOCTpoiiIW 2 •

Bee aTH KpynHhlc eoopyaceuan, Tpc6yIOuVIe orpounsrx 3aTfJUT, ;:(eJIa,U!t:I, C I\C,IbIQ OOJIer'lHTb 3anOCBaHMC gaKI1I1, CIIOIllCHUil C HeIO II aI\CIwyaTaIJ;l110 CO 60raTCTB. OUU nOT-W3LI BalOT, KanOC 60IIbmoe 3Ha'lCHMe npnzranana plnmHIIC caoexry rOCIIOJI;CTBY 1I nroii IIPOBIIHI.\UM.

§ 2. HO.10HIf3AIUUI .IJ:Almn 11 CIOa\EUIIE HOShlX COI~I1A,,1hHhlX OTIIOIllEHIIM

3aXBaTMB ,lJ;aIUiJO C 1I0MomhlO OpyJI\Mll, pInI;JrrHC OCTaBJ:lJIU TaM HPYIIIlblC noenuuo CH;JhI ActH ycwtrpemrn nOJWpOlIlIOro nacoIIOHMH II IIpc;::t:oTnpUII\CIIJHI B03MOilalLIX MHTCil,oii. ]3oeIIHOCJIYiKaII(He M nercpauu eOCTaDII,lH 3Ha'1l1Tc:lhIIYIO 'JaeTb iJ\I1TC,ICH HOBOii npOBlIHI.\JIM, 110 "poMe roro rnnpruco npUBJICIW.'Wt:b B nee 1I 1W.10- HIICThl.

l\onOlI1I3aUIIll 6bwa oruioii 113 ocuonusrx OC060HHocTeii poxraauaanua gaI\lIII. Oua npoBOJI;I1JlaCh n 60JIhml1X paauepax. II ano 6b1JIO 3UCC.IHTh ouraTbIir, JlO CIUlhHO OIIYCTolUeHIIbIii: U ooe3:nO;J:cnIIHIM: upair, C;'(C:IUTh era ;(OXO;(HhIM, o6ecnc'l UTh 1l0cTYUJIellllC uanoron D xaany . .H ThICR'll[ KO;JOIIUCTOB 1I3 pa3IIbIX 'lUCTe!"I HMncpun HaCO:Iu:m ary CypOBYJO ,i:.\UJICRYIO CTpaHY, npnnnotcasnryio CBOIIM 60raTCTBO~1 H 06I1J!IIeM 3CMJlU 3. MnomCCTDO ;:I:OrneJJ;lliI1X 1\0 nac IIU;t;rpOOHbIX, nOCBaTl1TeJIhlIbIX II npyrux JI ann nee I! 113 ,il;aRI1J1 nOIW3hlBaeT HaM, 'ITO anropasra IIX IWH 061>OI'Ta:.vm 6hI:IH He MTa:I11 101, a IfH030MUbI, crantnrre PHM('hIIMII rpaactanaun. CYll\CCTBOBa;r, IWI, H;IIIeCTHO, ofiu-raii, 'ITO He-plIM;JHHI1H "PlIllHMa:I MMH (nomen) xrar acrpara, n aycnUU)1IO xoroporo OH 110:i1Y'll1JI npana pavorcoro rpaamaaaaa (OC06CHHO 4aCTO BCTpC'lalOTCH I1MCHa I1MIICpaTopon), a cognomen :IUOO ocrananocr, crapoo, JIn60 OpaJIOCh OT naasamta ero PO;VIHbI IIJlI! roro MeCTa, rne Oil noceJIH.'lCH. 8TO OOjICr'laCT aanasy OIIPC;\C:i1CHHff 3THU'ICCIWrO COCTaDa nacenen au aonoii PIHICIWii IIPOBIlHU)m, TCM 60JICC, 'ITO f)O;'[hIlIIIHeTDO nafl;(CIJHbIX J1a;(lllfeeii - aa naruucxou H3hIIW; rpelJCCHIIX nanrnrcoii o-reus MaJIO, a BOCTO'lIlLIX conccsr HeT.

,IJ;aluliicImc Ha;\T1J1CU, cofipaua ste n Corpus Inscri pt ionum Lat.inarum , T. III, TUI{ iI\c l,aK n HaM:AeHHbIO n03AHce, neCTpHT

1 ;~ o c cay (Geschichtc der Homischen Ka iserzcit , T. II, Berlin, 1930, CTp. 531) ClJIITal'T ee nocrpoonnoii TlT6cPJle~!, HO 60;lbIlUlJlCTBO YlJeIIhlX upunucunaer co nocrpoiisy TpaHHY.

2 CIL, II I, 1699.

3 Traianus "ida Dacia ex toto orbc Romano infinilas eo copias horninum transtulerat ad azros ct urbes rolcndas. Dacia enim diuturno bello Uccebali "iris Iuorat exhausts (E u t r o p., 8, 6).

7 II. T. l{pyr;ml<oBa

!l7

11MOHa~1II ncnar ancuoro npOHCXOif\;:WHlIfI 1. ~13 2600 :IH'IHhIX 1111:011, RCTPC'IUIOll\lIXCH B ;~aI,llnCIHIX HUP;II ItICflX , l\cpeHI1 aaC'H!ThlHaCT 1860 ;1i:l.TlllfCl\l1X 11 I1Tu:nrifcl\l1X, 355 rpC'reCl\lfX, 184 11.1JIl1pl1iicl\HX J[ 1\C.::IbTClnIX, 67 BOCTO'fHhIX, 51 CPPUIWIIC[WC, 7 J100I1pC)~OJICIIHhr.\ II W; q)pan1eWrapllhlX 2. Ho, l,aK yilW yrcaauua:IOCb, :1U1'I1I[(:[OlO 111\1811U IIO ncerua 1IIOr\,1' HBJIfITbCH llOIW3aTCJ1ClIl 3THnQCC[W ii II P llHU;l:lCiI\l!OCTlI IlX I!O<:1I'~8:10i1. 60,1 hUI lJlICTBO 3Tl[X HMCH el\[J},lJIaCT aa coooir ROI1IIOB 11 sercpanou, nC;(anHO nO."1Y'I1IBHI HX PUW:I\OC rpaJl',J;HHCTBO. CPCJ(11 HUX MaCGa (>:IncB H ABPC:IHOB, OCTh N':I r.nurr, l\JIa 1lJ(1111, COIITlIMIHf, T. C. I1MOHa, II pHIIHTblO IIOBI,I.\III rpail\;:I,UHalllll B 'lCeTh 'lJleHOB nxnreparopcunx ¢allImIHii. Hcr pe'WCTeH TaIGI,O MIIoro liMO II , IIpnTlHThlX B 'Ie(',Tb HalllOCTlll1lWB :~U"lIIl. Hce :lTO ue :(301 naxr nO;W!.o1l'1I0C:TII CY;(IfTb 0 rrpOI1CXOIf\;(CflHH :IJO;J:cii, HOCHBUUlX rraruucrcue ITlIlOlIa 3.

Iio.n.nroo Ko:rrPIOCTBO JlCTpCI[UO~lhIX B HU;(IlHClIX rpesecuux

.. ..

HMeH lIlOil,eT CKPl.IIlUTh B(,TXO;1Uen 1I:3 pa:1.:1ll'IHhIX 'ICl.CTOU PV1111CHO)t

lIMllep 1111. unI 11l\lCHa )'lOrml HOGIIT t.: oa:ll{aHo-qlpaKJ1ii 1\1,1, MaI,e;(OHflIIO, coficr neuuo r paxn, :ua:IOUJlliil(LI, CJIPl1ih~hI, erl1IITHH8 II np. Xaparcrcpuo, 'ITO O'IeHh PU:1HOOOpa3eJl COUJIa:1LIIJ,lij- eOCTaB nocrrroaeir l'jle4CCl\lf.\ IJ).10H: 1 ceuarop, 17 nca.nnucou, 27 noemrux , 26 QJIOllOB ropo.tcuoro coner a, 27 Amycra.ron, 3 ropronua, 31 llOJlhHOOTIlYIHCHIUIh:, 3:3 pafia n T. iX,

O'lCHb llOI,3:1UTeJ]hHO, 'lTO cpcnn InIOII, ncrpe-raroruuxcn

B HHJ\IITleHX, OQCIlh MIIOl'HO npuna.taca.ar ~IHI(u)'1 BOCTO'lIIOrO IIpOIH:XOJI\;lelIlTIl, IIPIIIllC;UTlJf.\I B ,IJ;aluno lf3 PU3:Ilf'IflhIX IlpOBlJHunii pHMCHoro Hocroxa n xarue urer o 113 Cupan. 113 67 :lIIU, ImOIOII~llX H)'leHa BOGTO'lIIOrO npOlICXOII>)1;enIIfl, OLI;IO OIW:ro 26

1 C~1. VliHiI ('0'1. A. l-\ o P C 11 If, r.re eoGpam'l see ;umJ!JfCI;JfC IHI.lHl[('lI. (,O;{CPrh1HI[IIC ."1I1'1I11JC nxrcua, II ;lUCTCIl ITO.lpOOlll>lll UHIlJTIt:l InrCl! C TO'lI>I1 ;qH'II1U1 nx ;]THIPICl'IWii II COHllll:lb1l0ii npnlla;{:WiI\lIlll'TlI. flo Bhlllll;lhl aBTopa ];paiilll' Tl'Il;ICIIIIIIO;lIi1.! II lIC ~!OryT GIUTb npuunru. n pa60TC I. H \1 S S \1. Onornastiron Dari;ll'. ,\ ISC, IV, 1!ltjl,_, crp, 186 ('.'1., BHOCflTCll cyn\<'l'TBCII- 111.18 uoupanrsu 1\ BI.IIlO;lil\r l-\CPl'lIIl.

2 A. K l' r e n y i. :-'·WI:~. CO'l., crp, 29:~; II. Pycry ynC;]JflJI!BaCT IW:Ill'1C(,TBO ,11lTIlIH' Jinx IHIl'1l ;(0 11l7g, It,puIW-;jill\lliinwx ,'\0 67. y~Il'lIbTIIUH, nxicc re e TC\f, f-:O.lll'lC(,TBO UOCTO'IH('IX rrxrerr :(0 ,jj, a 1f:I:mpJliin,(fx II r;C:!LTCI>HX ;(0 167. Jlo ;)TI1 If:nrl'Hl'1II1fl He lIapYlJIllJOT 06lUCr! IWPTlllllJ ('oonlOmCIIITfI !lMClI B ;IHhllurlWX InqllI1CllX, 1I0;-lT<nIY ~II.[ C'lJlTUC~1 BO;D!ONOIIJ~I IlO;]h30- 1l1lThCH ;(HllllhDIII 1\. j,rpl'lIl1, y-um.rsaa JlClIpaIl:WlIllfl, IJIlCCl'lIl11,1e JI. Pyccy (p,a:;. CO'!' rrp. 195--2kS).

3 C rtpyr-oii l'TOPOIll.I, O'leHh 1IlITepl'CHO orsrorrrn., 'ITO 11~ 7;) CCII1ITOPOB 73 HOCHT .'IIITmICR!lC JDfCIW. II:! 131 H( a;(umw, IWTOpr.[(' JlUX();_[I!:mCb B ;(UIOllf IWI> tHlIlODHIfHIl n:m olPlIW·Pr.r, 116 I;OCHT :HlTIIIIClmc ImCIlU. To me COOTIIOmCHHC ~1I.1 Bll;J.lHI n y 4;Jl'1l0B ropo.u icoro ('OReT1I 11, ocofieunn, y BOCllllhlX. 110 nponopnnrr PC3hO ~!(,III1CTCH B IIMCHax npocroro ;]IO;'IU, BO.ibHOOTIIYiI(CIlIImWB II PUriOB, '1'11_\1 IWJIIf'ICCTBO Ifj\H'H ;]llTlfll('I;orO nponcxoacremrn OOhl'lHO 1I0'ITlI lie IIPCBhlllI3CT 1I0.'lOBllIIW.

98

nocunoc.rvmautax, 15 rpaxrnaucunx ;1111(, cpena rcoroprax 5 qJIeHOD )IYHH1~HWJ:Jblll,IX COBCTOR (;~YY~113HI)QH 11 )J.CI'ypHOIlOR ropono a), 4 Aurycra.ia, 4 al[)cI(a BOCTO'l11hIX 60iJ-,CCTD, ;) pe~1CcJteHlnfKa, 1 BO:lhROOTJlYIIlCHIHll" 2 pafia. Counaat.uoe nO;IOiI;en:ue OCTaJIhIILIX HOCI1TC.;WH nocro-mux Ily(()I1 IIC Ollpe:~CJlIHI(). H03MOil\1I0, cpe;:(ll nocnenuax OLI.'II1, rJlaUlihly! OOpa30.M, rpal1\,:{aHCIOfe I\OJIOHHCTL! 130CTOllIlOro npOIICXOm;(CIIIHl. 11 11K nOT()~lI'H. 1£:\ IlOCTO'lHhlX MMeu IHll160JICC XapaJ;TC{)IJ},l: Bassus 1, Bassi anus," Harsirnsus 3, Boraoas 4, AJdcbar 5, Gora 6, Bolhas 7, Hasirnsus 8, Bassinus 9, Iarse 10, Hubibus 11, Syrus, Syra 12, Syrillio 13, Surus 14, Snrilla II SUI'US15, Mar inus, Mar inianus+", ~11l1lIlCIJSI7, Tiiadmes 18, ThomcnL ianus 19, Thoimcs 20, Thcmaes 21, Zahd i hol 22. Cpe;(l!I 11\lell iHlITCJlCH gaRHl! II-II I nn. H. 3. Pyn:y llaC'IIfTf>WaCT 5:) HMeII HOCTO'/HOrO rrpOI1:('X())J,r(CIHJH, 113 HI1X Ito HPUHC1\!lX, 3 crI1IJeTCI\MX II 48 CCMHTllqCCI\!lX i:l. IIO('lITCJIlI npaucrcux 11MCH MOr.:1H OhITb 11 capaaraxnr. xa«, uaupuxiop, (I)apHaHe (Furnax) 2\ 1l0CeJII1BIUUMl1CH 11 J~aJ\1'l11.

BOCTOTlRhlC IHWUU, J3C'rpc'JaC.\1hfO B ;raI\Hiicf{UX Htl,l;IIVICR x , CI3HJWTC,lbc:mYIOT 0 60;I&JnOM JW.1H'ICCTBe flOlTC:wii ;~amlH UOCTOl[H01'o npOIH;x'Oi[,nCHI1:H 25. CPC;UI TIlIX 6bl;111: If BOI1l1hl CTOHBtlIl1:X Il J~al\Hll COC,:{I1IlCHlIiI: 11 h:O;IOlIlICTIJ. Maor ao llpl1:m;rH 1f3 Ma.'Io}r A;lI1H. Htl;~JlIICU :taIOT HaM tIMeR a )1\1fTe;rCH j(al{l1l1, ponmroii I\oTOPhlX

J cn., 111, 142165: 1.'570; 1131; 908; 1395; 1432; 7756 If np. 2 T~nI i-l,C, 862; HiS.

3 cn., XVI, ;'-.'2 107.

4 Cl L, I II, 14216.

e TU1t ;J\<', 13()1 b.

6 «Dacia», T. J, c rp. 250. 7 cu.. III, 7(j93.

8 .-\rc". 'Ert. 10tZi, CTp. 110. o CI L, r II, W)Il.

10 Ta~l me, 799i:l. J 1 '1'3:\1 xco, 7!HW.

J2 T3:\f me, H7fi; l1G2.

13 Dolgozatok, VII, 'l. 2, HllG, rrp, 7,;]. 14 CIL, III 1 ill!!, G21l7; J(Pf<'lld, ,\: 2174.

15 CIL, iiI, 62li7. .

16 TaM <Ke, 7!:lOO; 1301 b; see. 9S9, H/176. 17 Ta\{ me, 8:~8

18 Ta\{ me, 7H9J.

19 TiI\! me, 801.

20 'l";nr ;{W, 12,)87; if):J4; 1172; iHf)G. 21 Tn:'1 ifle, 801.

22 Tl.nf mc, 1421(;; t2,,)H7.

23 1. Hils S u. Onoruast icon Dnc iae. A ISC, T. I V, 1944, CTp. 222 ca. 21 cu., III, \186.

25 B ropo.to ;)('.J(C 6hl,1<l HlIii;~Clla xrpaxroparm roaona qC.'lonCI,a JlBHO

1I0t.:TO'II-1UrO JIPUlICXO)K;:(()HJHT, OTIIOCIlIl(UnOI Ii I II II. H. ;~. (AA, 1927,

vrp. 2:3).

7*

99

(iblJI Ilcpra» 1, ra.;rUTI1H~, (j_)PHI'l1H 3, I3mIH1HHH 4, Il adinaroHIIlJ 5, HapUH 6, I1aJIhMIipU 7. Mnorue UPJlOhI:Il1 Mil CIiplH18• 8TH BOCTO'-lllhIO JJ:\MToml np aneanu C cofioii uepy D cnonx oorOB M 3)J,eCb, B.lUJICIW OT PO;:UIJIhl, ofipaaona.ui PC;IlIl'UO;lHhIO TOBapMutccma - IWJI.;JcrI1II. B 3aBT1Cll:\!OCTH OT De;Ul'-lHllhJ, STa IW:T.;JerMlI CTpOI1JIa xpaa (Uill! AU/ne HCCRO:lbIW) CHOC:vry oorY-llOl{pOllllTe,llO, no;t:l;cpiI\I1BaJla oro I,Y:lhT, noanuarn.ra JIOCBHTlITe,1 hHLle a.rrapa. Tax, naxr IJ3BCCTHbl: collegium Iovis Taviani 9, collogium Asi anorum 10, collcglum Galatarum Il, coHegium utriclariorum OOrJ111H A;:q)aCThI12, collegium Isid is 13.

HaplJil:Y C IWJlOTTI1CTaMII C nocrotca B ~ahIlIO ncpecennnaos II mI1TC;:1I1 II;! H:I;:rIlI)l11l 14, U rarca:c ILl (Dpaw[[l 11 ;\IUIW;:J:OHlllI 15. l)LTJIM nepccenenuu II 113 llTUJUlIl (AIlY:IUI1 11 .il yuannn), no II 3Ha 'lUTe,1 hlIO :\lCIILIllOl\1 IW,[J1'leeTne 16. C P0;l;H iIU1Te;:rei'r IlHMcl{Olr ,r:t;aImn ObI:IJ!! n JW:ThTLI. l\'O~lhTCIOle Jl:\1CIIU B(',Tpe'-laiOTCH y co.mar ncrroaor-arensnux «oropr II y rpUiI,;U1IJCI,flX .1HU. TaR, lf3 rerccra HlilJ;J:eHlIhlx n ,r:t;alUm mmnoxon, IIplllIa;(;:rerr,a B1l1l1X, J[OBH,cJ:lIM()~I~', nerepanux, IJOCO.;rHBIIlIlMCH 1I0 OIWti'IaIIIIH cnoeii noenuoii CJIYII,6r.1

] Cl L, TI I, 13G6 (Aclius Pcrgarnin IlUS).

2 llOCnfTll(CHJiUI 60ry JOTTlITCPY TaBl1nH(~lw~ly 11:1 r. Tnnna n I'a.urnnr nocraeunrr ranaru, 1l0(,P.iTIDIU!!P('fT n 1'. 11<11101,11 (CIL, ITI, HfiO) 11 ABI1,lH, lJ~fIIcpnropnn:di uom.nonrrrymeumnc, yrrparrtanuuni :'IO,IOT"11111 PY;J;III1I;<DII1 (TaM me' .• V! 1088).

3 «Duria», T. V-VI, CTp. 1125 - UBTOP II1qllnn! 1I0('I1T <pPllrTliicIWC HMfI Sumhatis.

4 Cl L, III, 1324 - ciycs Bithi nurn: nO(,Ilf!II~CIlI1C ;lpncy Hmmnl'lIY, BH<pIIIIcI;mry OOi'y - «Dacia», T. VLI-VlIl. crp. :101, .\'2 8.

5 Cl L, 1021 II 1022. Hocumnsnnc Gory r.1111-\OIIY m r. Abonit lchus D Ha<p:Iaromfll.

6 'I'a11 ace, 859. I10ClIHule'IIl1e Knnrropy 3pIl;ICIIC(;o~Iy ILl r. 3pl!~a D I\apm!.

7 TaM me, 7954, 7693

8 AEM, 1882, np, ion, 7 (syri negut.iatores Gaius Gaienus). CIL, III, 976: !la,lIllIe!> 3cl;yaallY n I'nrnoc, IWTOPYIO coopy.ui.r P Ael Syr us:

Ta~{ me, .M 135:1 If 1354 IOIII1TCPY I'cnuouo.nrraacrcovy 11:1 r. i'e,11l0110Jlh B IImhHei1: Cnpmr; IOIlI1TCPY Typ aar raay, (,IIPIli1l'IW~ly 60ry - «Dacia», T. IX-X, crp. 113 II T. XI--XII. np. 271. C~I. TilWIW HlI;lIlHrI1 (Cl L, III, 873; 13(1), D rcoropu x H ;III'III('[C I1MC[W (Syrus, Syru) 11 [nIH 001'a (deus Commajrenus) t:nH;:(CTe,ILCTBYIOT 0 CI1Pl1llCKOM npol1cXOm;~CHJlII aDTOpOD.

9 ClL, n I, tWO.

]0 Tasr me, 870 - rtoznmcrr 42 ce 'weHon. 11 Ta~! xce, 1391.

12 TUM me, 911.

13 TaM me, 1182.

u Taxr me, 1223 11 1262. AlITOP!.[ ;)TfIX nanunceii npHqHCJlHJIJI ('e6H 1\ 110- TOMhaM :mBOU (dorno aequoj ; a TImme ,\~ 1:{22, 132311 t.a h. cor. \ Lir YIlI, l",lC ynoMHHalOTCH vicus Pi rusturn 11 ('01. Dalmatia. Cp. 11MCila " I1a;IIIHCHX «Dacia», T. VII- -VIII, crp. 302, :{ n crp. :101, 9.

15 «Dacla», T. VII-VIII, crp. 3011, 11. 16 Ta~f me, crp, 306, :3.

100

B oroii ,nyIIaii:cIw~i npORI1HIIIIM, 113BeCTHO I, 'ITO B ;(aI\HH naxo,:J: 11(."1 IICb BCIIOMOraTC~lbHhIO qaCTH, COCTonRlIIlle 113 ra::I,TOU, a TaI,iI\O cyniecruonana CIICIIMaJIbHan )J,aKUHCIWH JWfOpTa ra.rrron (cohors Gall orum Dacica). HeWIIl 110JIHOMa P H3 raJI::IhCIWrO TI';ICM8HII rpenupon Obl;;r )lOKypIIOIlOM aarepnoro uoce.txa 2. Il oceneuuu xeasrcuoro npouCXOil;)(OHI1H OCTaUa;lIfCb BOPH"I CIlOIUI ooraM 3, Tar, me xax 11 uepucencnun II3 nanoxoii A(PIJlmu, ua rrnrcu KOTOP"IX TOil;8 BeTpCqarOTCH B ,I(amrl1 II Me;HHI 4. CPOJ].H ;;1111(, C,'IC::IaBIJIJfX 1I0CIlHIHelBIH 60ruM Ccpauncy IT 113HJ,o, OLIJIU 'lOTLlPO CO:lJ(aTa 5 II Tpl1 il,Olllf(IIIlhl 6. IlOC;;IO;l.IIl1C TpII Ha,'IIIIICH MOl'yT CBIf;lCTC:ILCTHORaTh 0 ncpOCO;;lOH 1111 n ,LJ;aI011O iI\l1TO:wii: 1I3 Efl1JTTa. OT,(CJIhHLIC llpOJ(CTaIlI1TOJI H BCIIO.\lOraTO;;lLHhIX qaCTel1 HClIaHIIon RaMuarOIILI7 If 6pnTalllll'1l8 Tal,II,O UO:lIlOJI)I:TIf Jla;J,IIHCIl B 'lOCTb CDOIIX GorOR I!O!{P0 RIITO::Icii. X OTH HO:JOIIltCTI>I CTa pa;II1Cb ;rOpmaThCR rpvruraa n, po.tc'rncanuxnr 110 lJPOI1CXOII\,neHHIO, 11 I\OIIIICHTplIpona."111C r, norcpyr x paMOB eBOIIX 6orOB, BCO if\C He l\1OL'IO HO II POHCXO;lJ1Tb CI\WIIJ onn H II a pO~1I OCTOil, B 0c:06c1I HOCTH II OC penCTBm1 6paHOB. HUllPI1:\WP: 1Il'IWH lulia Afrodisia crannr nanr pofim.ui IIaMHTIlIIIX na 1\1Orl1;;1C CB08l"O Myma, nocuurero -rncro pnacrcoe I1MH - C. Longinus Mn ximus D, a Liz iniu Cally-tichena I\lOrll.;ro Myil\a, IHIlI uo roporo Titus Liz inius 10. ECTh raroxo Ha)J,nI1Ch 30('nllI aq)pm;allEII, meHhI H:BI1Cra (Quieti) 11. MYIf\, 110 11l\IOHH Eucharistus, craBI1T lIal\lHTlIHI\ /I;OHe Candidae (Cl l., III, .\1> 1;)2~J). Hcropau BOCTO'lIlO[O lIPO.IH'xOm,'l,Plll1l1 Aclius l lolhus IIMe~1 mcny C pl1MCmlM IIMCHOM Aclia Domcst ica (nul IHO, 7693). Tpcsoexnc IIMeHa O'lCIIb 'laCTI>I B ;J:aJoliicKHX .1ClTlllh·I\IIX Ha;(IIHCHX. KPOMC ymo YIIOI\lHHYT&IX, :vIOil\110 OnIOTlITh: CIL, III, 1504 - Quintus lanuarius Agat hangolus: .;\1> 1573-Simonlns: .\1 1022 - Thcodot us: TO me IIMH n CIL, lIT, rrp. 959, t ah. ('01'. XXV; Claudius Xcnophontus (1\E'\I, 1879, CTp. 41); Ulpius Domitius Hermes (e Dacia», T. III-IV, CTp. 547) 11 np. 12

J r.LI., Ill, crp , 870 11 882 Priv. milit., XXXIlT II XL. 2 Tnvr me, 1~14.

3 lI:lIlrCTlln na.tmrcr- B qP<:Th He;[bTC]WrO 60mecTlln Iupitcr Bussu mnrus. cn., lIT, 10:1:1.

4 Cl L, TTL 7();IV -- I ust ina Af'ri. AE:\I, 1 H82, CTp. 23, 4;) - ~i'l"G[~ Ayr!x'l.v'X 'Jou),;~:J 'A:rp[%~vou. Hu.nr-nre UtPPllliUHCI;HX ]W;[OIlI!('TOB 110;(rnopnt.raorcrr pacrrporrpaucurrexi I-;ym,roll HuprpnrelfClnIX 6oroB. Cl L, lIT, 993 II .tp.

5 CIJ., Ill, 881, 7770, 77M), 802£1. 6 Tnxr mC, 1:~24, 13<'\1, 7D08.

TaM me, 1342 - ala I ll ispanorum Carnpagonum. Tn~I me, 1\21 - col.ors 1 Hr it a nicn .

9 Ta~1 me, 1536 10 Taxr )1(<', 1535.

II AEM. 1H82, crp. 23, .\'2 4;).

12 C~L KCJ"!!JI}d, yrcaa. ('0'1., np. 15:! C.1., H 1. Russu. YJ-;i1.1.

CO'!., CTp. Hili C:J.

JOl

!\O:IOIlHCTLI CC.aJ1JIHCb r;lanHbrM oopaao\, B ropozax: aaecs OHI1 1\Wr:HI OO'hCJ(HHHThCH B JW:WCI'IIH, ;l;'Wt.b OHI:l ;JUIIlIMU:lIfCb pCMCC.'laMI1, YYUeTUOHU:IH II U;J:Ml11! I:lCTPUT I1lJHml ynpanncu IHI II T. )\. l lo Tal, l\al' ropo.ia pacuonaraancr. IIU JlcpCeC'iC1Il1l1 CT parerlI'iCCI\IIX II ropronux nopor-, )[0 J{PYIIIlr.JM pOIW.W, pOMUmtaaUIHI pacnpocrpanuaacr. HC IJ<lBHoMepno no nceii CTPUHO, a OXRUTlWa, II OCII()llB()~l, .'111111 h ;:J.OJUfHhI pOI\. BII POlIO:\f, IW.l0}( I1CTLI ;l,O:liIalhl ObI:JlI JlUXO;(!lT bCII H C PCi\11 3eM;rr0;.le:J r.IWB, TU" l\Un DO'] cpausr IIH030:\lllhIX JWJ'OPT It .ier !IOBOIl 1I0.i1.\''la.i11i 30\10';1 un hIe H a;~e:lLI Il gUlOlH. BepUHTIJO, IIC!\W.'IO IW';!OIHI<:TOU GI,rao 11 CpC;l,H UpeH;\aropou. 13UpOIICM, JlOIW euto ncr HHlta[,JIX nunnncoii, ]-\oTOPbIO Mor.;JH 6bI IIO,,\TIlOP;(llTh ;)TO 1I0.iIOII,eIIllC. 130 BC}! IW\, c.'I,\"WO, J-lO.iIOHHCTOH B .J;UI{HJU MOrJIll: npI1B.'Iel'UTL TO:ILIW MUTepna.lhllhlC Br.l1'u,1J,I: ;IHOO OIB! nu;{Cn:Hlch HUi'ITH .1Y'-lill 11 ii C6hIT CHOII\! u~~.J:e:ma~I, ,m60 MOI'.ll1 :lilcCh rrer-te HaiiTI1 JljHlMCfWIHfC CBOOIJ CllelUHUhHOCTH JWIf cuoexy TP.Y;'\Y. ,t(0I,u:{aTo.1hCTBOM aroro C.'Tyil\J1T TO, 'ITO UpO(reCCI10Ha;lbIlhlO l'OjlIlHI,l1 Ir.l ,J,U:IM:UUIII cocrauna.nr OCHOBHhro Ha;_(jlLI paOO'H1X narcuiicnnx :lO.:rOThlX PY;(II!IJWB: 1IX uopccecur.rocr, CJO;la Tal, MHOl'O, '-ITO OH It oopa:30Ba;;t11 Ile:Ii>r~i 1I0cc:rOK vlcus Pirust.arum. Hco UUJ(llI1CI1, YI\UahlBaIOIl(lIe uu Ilp0I[CXOIr;;J:oHHo IW:TOHIlCTOB ILl ;(a~[:\rarH1I:l, BCTPC'-IIlIOTCH B paiiouc ),OPlIbIX P y;..r:H Ificon.

'1'a101\1 ()Opa:30M, D CHOO.>I CTpO:\I:WIl!Ilf na cCnOPO-BOCTOn aa HOBhlMlI :\eM;IHMIf, 1I0Bbr\!II ooraTeTBaMH 1I HODhI1\Hl TOpI'OH"I~lH cuaauxru PI1M:JHIIO nOHOlO H!)()}WIlPO;rHTJlhIX noiiu llO,1Q!lHI1J1II e060 n nanane II B, H. n. napO;11.1 .rcuoro Gcrora Hmnlloro ;~yllarr. l Ipacoouunun J\ pance 3UHOCHUHHOIl 11 ynmpclllloii IIPODHHHI1U Me31111 cc ccncpuyro coce.ucy - ~lal\HlO, OBI! lIpJlCTYIlI1:1!11{ YCM:rCHnoii ce pOMalll1:3aUHI1. llx :lU;.lU'-IU oJ,I.ila OO,lCI''-IeHU TOM, 'ITO, 6:1uronapa 1'.1YOOIW :lUWC;l,LUCIt COUHa:rLIIOlr )~I1r{ltPopOlIIIJ1aIlIlU ;.I:UWtltCKltX II;]eMelI, aplfeTOnpaTJ1rr, Bbl).(C:IUBlIII1Ch B ocooLJii C.~lOfI OOIllOCTDa, aerrco M OXOTIIO JlOPCHHMU:W PHMt.KlIO 1l0pJI;llW II I\y:rLT'\"fJY, 'ITO ypODeHL pa3BHTltrr MCCTHhlX H:rCMen, CII(O aa.ro.rro ;1O npI1XO;(a TYilU PHM.;JHH, OOC('.lIe'!l1Jl pa31111THC lII~lpOlnlX ToprOIlJ,{X CBll:lCll CO Cpe.uU3811HOMOpbCM. IJ,OHTpUMll POMUH1I3unlI11 Obl:Il1 r opo.ra, HOCJ1Te:IHMII co HBJIH.;JIICh IW;IOHffCThl, OO:lhIIIYJO po.n, IIrpa:IO BOlklw JI DOTepaHhI, OCTanunilHIOCH D nonoir IJPOIHlTll~II11 no (lI\OIl'IaIlIU! cnoeii CJlymOLI. OcooeHHOCTl1 pOMaTIH:laIlIlH Aalmll O(h,HCHfWI1(~b '[0:\1, 'ITO OHa uoiuna B ('.OCTaB PH~te"oii: IfMIICpIIll uosnuec l(P}Tl1X npouannuii, «orna OOIltaH JlIfllHJI IHIMcl\o1'o npanureru.crua II OTHOmCHl1l1 IIpOBHIIJ~l1i1 CU;lbTlO 1I3~1CHI!.IUCh. npynnr,JC IJPOJlIlIInl1a:ThHLIO nO('.CHIBJlJ1 I n. 3UCTanl1:1l1 IHI:\l('IWO ITpamITC~Ir.CTno nOTIhlTUThCH pacmupart, COn11U:IbIlYlO oa3Y !1MTlCPI1l1. ~ho n puJIC:rO I\ TO:\IV, 'iTO no II B. P l1:\1 lICIWJI nonux cnocofion ::lI{('II:! varaUJ1H IIponlf~U11ii. BepOHTJlO, HO;)TOMY Y IJa(~ HCT cnc.tcmui 0 na.ur'111M B ~al\HH KPYUIIbIX paUOBJlalJ.C:JblIeeIWX naTuq)YH;.(Hii, rcpvun srx

]02

3eMOJIbHbIX MarlIaTOB 11, uaoriopor, HMOIOTcn )J.aHIl sro 0 :maQMTO;1bHOM nIJIO ~10,[[{Oro If cpe.mero aOM;ron';Ja,'.(oIIIfH, 00 IICIIO;lh30nUIlIfM ("BOOO;(llOl'O uaexnrorc T p yna 1, 0 IIHiPOIWIi IW.10lHI3Ul(IHI ~~am1l1, o lW;W.iIeH fIU 3CM;lOii UCTC[>a IIOB M 0 OO:IbTTIoii PO:HI TUM DOellHOI'O :J.'IO.\18IlTa. Mwm':OCTBO lW.'rOHHCTOD, lIaBO,l)LI1BmHX HOIl,YJO npo- 1l11Hl\IHO, IIpn6bl;ro CO ncox CTupon. ~)TO Obl:lO, D OCIJODIIO.\I, yaw P(HIUIIH30nUIi1I0e HacC;ICHIIO crapux, 60:100 ],1:11( sienec poxrannaouauuux pnMCIOI[X IlPOBllHI\llii It r-opo.tou, HMOlOml1X PII:-ltl;OO npano. Tare, roporr ;.hwcca, orrcyna JIIH1WO:I )'Y.lhT Az iz is, 0[,1,1 [HI'\IC1Wii IW:IOIIUOli C HTa;[IorlfCRI1M lIPUllOM, TaK 11,0 l\aI, II rO;II10nO:Ih, orxyna npumo.r l\y;rhT IOmlTopa rO:IIl0I10,H1raIlU, J'opo.r TaFlIJU, o HOTOPOM rODOpl1:IOCh BblllIO, 6hf:I OO:IhllHM TOI)f'OBJ,I.\1 IlCIITPO\I, rno n\11,ro .\IlIO/I\CCTDO IH1M;]HH, a ropoa ::.hmYY:-1 B ;~a:I.\13l1;1ll1 HD,IlWCf! puxrcrcoii H0;10III1eii. IIo:no:\IY 1I3 BCCX CI,pC'IIU1BaIOIlI,l-1XCH II ;~ClI\l1H nnenunrx KIIIHIIUii uanfionee OlllyTlt:llbL\1 OhT.tO [lII:IICI.oO.

O;::uroUP0:\WIIIIO C pmtaHI13all118lf IIPOBI1HlI,l1H H C pa:IBIITIICM B Hell ioponcuoii jl{ll:\IlH IIICJl npouecc pacc.iocnwn l'0PO;\CI\Ol"O naCO,101U1H. ;~aHII"1O apxcozroran II JJHlrpat{)fII\H JlO.IHO.lHJOT 1Ia:\1 rouoparr, 0 lIa:rJ1lUII1 n ;laI,l1iicInIX roponax paa:I1t'llIhIX 1,2luceOB II C()I~l1aabllhIX C.'10011 lJaeC:WIlI1H. n"IIIIO yaw Ob1:IO orMe'1CHO, 'ITO " ~10MOIlTy pJIIMC1WrO BTOPfI,CIlJIIH ;I:al\HlltIWC ofimecrno Ohl;.10 1I00;VIOPO:VILIM II COI~I1U:IJ,Hml OTllOIIIClIIU1. BoiiHhl Gl1peOHCTbl I[ npyrnx rCTO-;[aKUiicHHX lIoifC\cii ;IOCTaH:rlJ.'11I OO:lbUloe IW:I1I'18CTBO 1l0CHIlOll;;:[CHHbIX, IWTOPhlX :\lOil,H() Obl21O JIJ)cDpaIlIClTb II pa60D, H arpafiaemn.re ooraTCTDa eOejJC;I:OT()'1UBU;1 IICI. II P.\'1\aX D08IIHrJX uOiI-.:;l.eii I1lJX IIpnO;]lIiI\CHllhIX. COJ(l1a.'1hHOO II II.\I,nllCCTHCIIHoe n8pallOHCTDO YI':Iyli;IH.'10 llllyTpCHIIHC lIPOTIIIIOPO'II1H )1.a1'111icxoro OOIUOCTBU, yCIWPH:IO ooe;UIOII11e Jj OOC3:IC.\IC';::[IIDaIIIIC 4aCTU naceaeau» If IlpUnO;\H.:1O 1\ co 3ahuoa:18HIJIO. Onuar:o HCT oCHoBaHuii upcnno.rararr. Ha~IlI'1I1C D ~arnHI paanurux pafionaa.ten b48n.;HX OTHOUlCIIlIii ;1.0 ce aanocnuaun Pll:ll:Il1IHl1\U1.

UIUlrpacpl1'ICn01C lIa~If(THIUm J~al\1m ] I-Ill liB. coxpauu.rn CBII;lCTCnhtTUa () pafiax JI pationnanezu.nax , TJPOil\lIllaBUlIIX JJ :noll npOBHHlII1Ir. HMCIOTCff noronopu 0 I,Y1l.1C II np0;l,ail\C paOOB, narunrcu '. C llll;ICTC:lhCTByJOJTlllC 06 OCIlOOOi),;temHf pafiot: JI yrr.rare lI!\UI aa ;:)TO CIICUl1a;]hllOrO ua.rora. ECTb xmoro JJa;(rpoolll>IX IHIJ\nnccif, nocrauacnnux paOaMI1 II llO.CJI,HOOTllyIlLOHIUfI\a.\flf ua xrornaax CUOIIX xoaaeu n narporrou.

B Jl31lCCTJIhTX Jla.\![ JJ.amufcHIIX na;lITHC}]X yno:\1HuYTO OTW.10 90 rUWH pafion 11 78 BOJlbTlOOTUYITICUmmOIl. n pI! :nO:'1 116 pafion uhmn UMlIepaTopcmlMH, 23 npnH8:r;rcn-;a.'1H rpalIqaucTmM ;IHllaM

I eM. E. :'I!. III T a o p xr a H. PIlOCTIJO U III - TV BD II ;)[lIW;(fIIJX npoDIlIlI\IHlX PJII~ICHOii l')""Ppl'lH, CTp. 97-98.

103

(roprosrtan, OTI\ymTUlI\aM, 'l:ICHaM rOpO)J,CIWrO MYHlII\llna;IMTI:'Hl II T. :1;.), 9 6hl;1I1 pafiaxur JJOeIlJlblX II nerc pauon 1, lJa naanucoii , uoc-ranncnarax BO~lbHOOTlIyIUcIImlJ\aMJII 11 'l;lcHa:>.tl1 IlX CC:\WII, MOiHIIO YCTa1l0HlITl" 'IT 0 30 HB';I H:I1ICb uom.no o-rnymonmutaau JIIMllCpUTopa ~, 11-no:lhlloOTllYIllCIlIllU\aMM BOCHHhlX It IWTl'paHOB 3 J1 2U Ohl:111 BO,]blIOOTnYIIlCUHHJ\a:\111 rpUil,;(allCI>UX ';1111l 4. OO.'hIlII111CTBO H:\IllCPUTOPCI\lIX pa60H 11 UO:lhflOOTllynWHHllIWB, lIU;J,TIIICH IWTOPLIX neTpC'IaIOTCH n J_~al·mj[, HB:llI:IIICL. 'IIIIIOIlIIlmaMlf, C.cJYilm:lJf n Ta:\IO,I;lIH\", II J;a;ma1.JeiicTBC, II Yllpall:lCHIHI 30.TJOfJ,IMIf PY;UIllI\a:'1I1 (Sl'I'VllS vil icus stat.ioriis Pont. Aug. vcct igal is lllyrici (CIL, 11 I, 785:1), servus vi licus (rasr mc, 8U12, 51 n. 13283), sorvus ex arcario (Ta:'1 ;'1\0, 7U12), ad iutor t.abulari i (Ta!'.1 me, 13U5, 1468, 7922, (919), t abularius (Ta:'1 n:c, 128G, 14tH, 79:39), verna ab instrumontum tabularii (TU:\1 me, 131.'»), verna subscq uons Iibrariorurn (Tn:\1 il,C, 1314), procurator a ura r i arum (TaM nee, 1312), S('fVUS vicesimarius (raxt n.c, 13(98), librarius J( ercnyi, .;\~ 1098). B nU;(JlIICl1X YlloMHHaIO'fCI1 TaIOI;C actor, BepOHTHO, YIlPUllJlTC:lh J1MCHllfl 113 IIMllepaTOpCIll!X BO:lhHOOTnYJI1CIIHl1l\0U (Kerenyi, ,\1 2379a), dispcnsator (elL. III, 7038), verna vil icus (Til,\! il,e, 7H:37), vil irus (({Daciw), T. VII-VIII, crp. 323).

Cpe;J,II paooB 'IU(,THJ,IX Il~Ja;le"bI!l'B IltTpeqUIOTCH PUObl oorunix omYlllIIIII,OB .cu., m, 120!l, 1568, 1:128:3), l'T)YlllIhIX l\lyml- 11IITIa,:jI,IJhIX '1l11l0BHIfI;OB (TU;\I il;C, 12U8, 125!lO) II pUOl>1 pafion (TU:\l il,e, 7~138; «Ducia», VIl- V J 11, ("Tp. 32;); Kcrenyi , <\~ 1\)20). E(,Th lIa;tTIIICJ, uonr.uoornynrcmun:a GOI"aTOfO ;whIJiicIWl'O TOprouna (Cl L, HI, 1421Gll). Hccuo.n.r.o pan YIIO:'lUlllaI01Cn YITPUBIIT(,JIII 11MCIIIIII - ar+oros (Cl L, III, tab. ccr., crp. 9.')0 n .;\21181- 1182,1549, 1;-)73 a , Kcrenyi , ~~ 2U35). J;l!IOUU na.uutcu Yll():\UlllaIOT TpCX -'leTblpex pariou II:1H BO:lhIlOOTlIYJIIPlllll1liOB, npUIIU;l:ICiI\UBIIIIIX OJJ;IIO.\IY nnane.n.ny 5; 'laTHC mo BCTPCtlaTOTCll uxrena TO:ILI'0 O;IIIOl'O ll.'HI .uiyx pafion, 'lTO, liOJIC1.JIIO, orrnom, ne MOJl,OT CBll;J.CTC:II,eTIlOHUTb 00 OTCyTCTBlIIl Y nannoro xoanuna ;Lpynrx paOOB, J\po'\le YIIOMI1Hac:\I!,TX B IIU;IIH1CI1X. Ifo, nMCCTe C TC:'If, oro OTpaiT\uCT OOIllYJO xa p'ruuy paamrrun pationnancnsvccunx OTHOIIll'IIIIM. n II poHlIHUIHI, a llMPHHO: npe06:1aJ(aHUC CJ)(';UTlIX II MC:lI,IIX pafion.iaJLC:Jh'ICCl\IIX xo.unicrn.

I3CTpe'laTOTCH Ha;:rITl1eU pafion pa3:111'IHhlX CIICmWJIbHOCTCii; TaJ\, nanpmrcp, crpoure.n- Auronnii II JlYUlI:lbInlm l\OmM 1'I1T IIOCTanl1;:J11 HaJ(rpOUlTI,1 Ii llai\IHTTIlIK l'1l0C~1y XOaI1I1HY, CO:InaTY V

1 CIL, III, 1181, 1182, 78!1~, 1 '.·'1~2, 142168.

TaM me, 1088, 1297, 1399, 1466, 1622 If np.

T[I~I mc, 907, 1109, 1124, 1382, 1471, 1481, 142164_5.

4 Ko~!y npuun.t.reaca.ur OCTU:IhllhIC pa6hl I[ BonhIlOOTJ1yw;eHBHKH, 113 TCHCTa III1;:(nlll'eii Y(:TlI HOBIITh He y)(aCTC H.

5 cn.. Ill, 789;), 1609, 12:)0.

101

Mancnoucxoro ;!CHlOIIa 1, a B Il aHHOHlI11 naiinona Ha,!l,IIUCL II cperpnna - CarrOiJ\UIIHa, natca llO 11 POlH'XOil,;(l'IlI1IIl 2.

Cpenrr nxren pafiou l1ll0.:JhllooTIlYIHeJlIIJll>OB 81 JHITJIITCI,OC, 59 rpclJeCmlX, 3 BOCTOlJJu.JX, 3 11;1:111 1HI iicxux 11 2 <pPaJ\IIW<:JH1X. If 0 I10J( :WTlIJlCIUIMH II rpC'lCcI\HMH IIMCHallfll :\Ioral1 cxpunarr.crr paGh! II paann-moro npoucxoatneann. Tan, B na;UIlICl1X IT3 ilpyrHx IIPOlHIIlIIIU1 ncrpcuarorcn HMCHa pafion II non J.HOOTIIYlfICII H IIl,OB J(al\OB. C PP;lI1 nux n cperpnn 3, C:hOPIIO 4, A nnl1J1.'l 5, Caeca 6,

13 ~-_(aJnm paOCm'lM TPYJ-l JlPl1MCHfl;!Cfl B pU3JIUlJHJ,rX ()TpaC.;'HIX xoaniicrna: n CC~ILCI\oM X03flM:CTBC, B PCMCCJlCHIIOM II PUII:31l0!(CTHl', 13 p y.uuucax II T. .t. Pafion J(Op,l,a:1lI B l,a'I0('Tno ;LO~13llTIIeM lfC:JH;!:Il (familia urhana). MMlIcpaTOpCI-Hle paol.] JlcnO:Jb30BaJJllCb 13 <pI1C1,a,:JLHI,IX y'lpClRilE'HIIHX, na Ta~lOmCIIHhIX rra IIHIIHX, H a;(:\BIJlI1('TPU11l111 PYLI,IJlIIWIl. CY;(H no nanuncu», 1I0('TaIlJIOIIIIbnt ynpanurcanxnr lUleHl1ii n 'Jl'tTh CBOTIX rocno.t, B ,;lHI-\lU1 IIMCJlIICl, patiounanc.u.vcc rene xoaniicrua, rT!O pafiorano 3I1alJIITe:Il,l]OC ]\():m'Il'CTllO pafion, rpcfiouannrux cnenua.n.uoro nancvorpuunea , HOTOPhl!lI 11 fln:ffI;ICH actor, 8TO ][OJ("flll'pil-\;J:acTcH J[ apxco.ioru'IeCJ\I1~111 pa('I\OlI!\aMJI D ,flal,IlII, oGHapyiT\lIBUllnlll pH;!: aaropo.rHLIX Illl.'!;!, J-\()TOpJ>] e JI H Il.~l H.~Jl1 Ch, ncpo» THO, 11 t'IITpa:l-IH ra f"l x X03HiicTB', Ho, noun.urvovy , Tal\IJX x03flllcTB n ;~nHHII or.r:lo JIe;lHJOro. Cpennuo It xre.muc 3eM:TeD,~Ia;r:C:lLH"I J1~le;IH IIl'OO,:Jhl\lOC J-\O:llIlJeCTRO pafion, ofipatiar unannmx lIX ;Je~lt',:lhHLIC Y'IUCTlHI, nuorna, ncporirno, MaIl-\(' uxrccre C X03mIH()~1. Tare, naupiutcp , nannuci., J1()CTa H:TE'IIHaH na xior nzre 8:IHH Banouca , HOC lIBlIIOn) Tal\,I,C l1:\lfI 8COE'IIa, oro 'hE'nOli clIpllirlwii II Bo:rr.nOO'flIYIIIOHHIIJ\OM 8 noaBO,:-WCT mr.reri. B 8coelle, ]WTOPLllf, noaxroauro, Gr.I;!

1 ell, lIT, t;\ltnZ-TT:J CVUII:laBr.r. 2 An. ep., 192!J, .\~ 217.'

3 Peregrinus natlone ])'I(~us--An. cp. 1929, T. XXX,.\"~ 217 ("'Iilllll('h

II;) l\apHyHTa n Bepxncii IIIlHHOIlITIf).

4 Sroribus domo Uacus=-Cl L, I IT, j 3379 (lIa;11IITCb na Hcp xucii Ilaunouuu). 5 1'. Aquilllus libcrtus Dacus. Tnxr iRP, X IV, 35().1 (llaillllH'b 113 Tntiypa). 6 Sassa nnt iono Daca, Tim ihl', 111, 143;);)15. Hurepocuo. 'ITO II ca~IOH

;Ul1ilIlI He BCTpC'Ia.1l!Cb mqnHclI pation iliJlmii('JWfO IIpOIlCXO;J;:lPIIIHl. To.n.xo 0;1110 lUll! Dudes, IWTOPOC IIOCII:r actor lHIPIIHfI. IIP1IlIa:li]CiRHlllJICl'O, 1I0HIf.1H:~IO:\(y, o.rnoii n;l aanruux ce~lcM ;IDfwH, II. Pyccv e'lHTarT cppnrw-;:J;UlOlMcxnxr, II A. I{('remf OTllOCHT CfO 1\ H,,:lIlpo-l;e:lLTClilfYl, Bcponruo, anasuTC:JLIIOC 'Inc:JO ':WIWB 6Lf.'JO upcnpamcno n pation 1I0(':lC uoiin Tpannn )if H1,IBeaCHO nil npoBIlIIHIIII. B ;la:J1,llriiIllP~1 iKe B ;(amm 61,1:10 Y("T()MllllnO 06lUlIIIHoe 3C~IJIPB:la.1CII"e, 'ITO 3aTpY;jIIH.l0 npcupamouno xrcc ruoro lIa('(,'-leIIIIH n pa60B.

7 Talmr RJII:l:lhl 0611apYrKClIhl B lIORHa Ce:JCii (<Dncia», T. I, «rp. 204 CJI.), n 06:] X061I1J[1 (.\[atrrinlc arheolouicc ... , T. I, 85, 1!l;-):3, np. 74:3), B BCPXOBbflX PPI; \lypPIlI II CmH'111 (Dolguzatok. V, 1914, J\~ 1, CTp. 45; VI, 191;; .• \"£ 1, «rp. 4il). 1I0,lp06Hee 0 HlIX or. CTp. 8;;.

8 cu., III, 8()10; Florescu, np. 18, .\~ 11: D.:'II. Aol ius Ya lons qui et Eshonus v i xj it.) anmos) LXXX; Syra coniu x ot For tunat us l ibtr-rt.u«) patroruo) b. m. f. c BeT IIHKn1U1X OCHOll3HIIH nn.1l'Tb B 8c~Pllc hPYlll~()l"? ;JCM.'IPRnalle:IbUa, lWI{ aro Llc:-ra;'! I1wpllHII If nOIlTopuil ;1" I 1O.10P (SCI V, 1950, T. I, q. 1, ('Yp. ZOG).

~fCCTHr,IM flarreaCM, unanonr.na HeOOilhHIOfO ysacrxa ;IC:\I:IH, ,1\0- JII1BIIIcrOL:H lIU paObTIIC 11 ocnofionannrero cuocro pafia (VOpTYliaTa. Il axnrruan Hai1;(CH II ce:JJ,Clwi1 Ml'<:THOCTII Il paiiono CY'Ill,lHBhl.

'I'pyn paoon, UCPOllTIIO, WI1POHO HPIl~ICllH;[('H Il xo;wiil:TBUX HOTOpaIIQB, 1I0.:1Y'1J1ll1llI1X n ;~UI'liH aO:HC:ILHbW lla;I("lIJ. Muoruc 11:1 pafion 1I0C:IC CMOpTli ux XO;nHlIIa ):(O .. ·la:IIICI. 01"0 lIae.1C,lIlIII;:a:\Il[ II OTllyC "a:IIIC I. na lllJ:1l0. '1'a1\, ucrcpau V :\1 a IW,l()lIC l{Uro .rcruoua IO:uJii: flare ornycrn.i ua HO,1l0 11 C,lC:IU:I (:UI)II~ HaC.:1C;UIlfI\O:\1 r(,:Ir,ll[1;J:~II)Ha, 1I0:IY 4 11 BIlICf 0 11:\IH IO.:lHH 1. Beropan V 1'a:I.1hclwii jwro[lTr.1 II. ;):IlIH: ;~I1()(I)8TIT Q0.1U:1 cuocir HUC.1C;OUlIlCU 3:ullo EUTllXUlO 2, BCTcpan IV <I>:IanI10Ba .1cmOHU ;(o.'"lul1ii HHyaJHIii: ocuofioaua 11 cncna.t (·nOI1.\1 lIaC:W;UilIHOM ~~().\Hllll1}l 31111110;(a 3.

1 f U;J,1l Hel1 pafiou-cncnaanwcron - CTf)(H!TC:lll, ;1yO\I.1 hill 11I,a 1,l)m 11, cauoacnnxa 4 CBI1,,!;OTC.'1.LCTBYKIT 0 IIfHUlCIIClIllIl puonwro Tl'y;{a 13 PCMCC:iC. h'pO~1C roro, U ;~a]'llIl cymCCTBOJla:1 I(e.lf,di PH;( I'PYIlHI,IX PC:\ICC.1L'IIHI.IX xracrepcrcax , B IWTOPhlX i-(O.1Fhllf,] 01,1:111 pafio'fan, puo,,!. Ocrarxu TaIwii l,pYTlHoii xcpaxnrsecxoir ManOpCl\oi1: {)'mphlT]'[ 13 Cap:>.1l1HerCTY:IC: Ta:>'f oouapYii\L'lIa ne-u., U 1';()Topoii OOil,l1ra:I11 'ICjJOfll1UY 5. lLra;lC:lhU:CM MHnCpcJwii 6101.1 ~1aHllii CCpBllii ,lloHllT, lIMH IWTOpOI'O ('T()JU() na I,:leii;\IaX 'ICPCIIIIH, Ha urruxmc, uaii.tcuuoxr n llepL'lIII'lIWii ;\WCTOPCfiUii B Cap~H1JrCJ"CTy3e, a TaIOl,C Ha tP0P;\W p:ml C13CTH;lbHIIIWB, naiineanoii U Iluraucce 6. On npmICXO;(H:I \13 113BCCTHOl'O poaa , :IUUIL\laBIllerOCH "CIHnlll'lee"IDI npOIl:WO;lCTnOM. OP:IIH If:l CCPUJIOIl B.1U;le;I I\Opa:\lIJlICClWI[ ~taCTOpCIWii I: PJlMC, .J:pyroif H.1H;(O:f ~IaeTCpeI\JJ\1I1, l1al'Onm;IHB1II11!I1H «terra sigi l lat a» U la.r.unr, Bporauau H I'cpxraunu 7. :~()il]'I'Ia '-:111II"I, eo llbl:lIClllllllallIl8, i{lopMolll,a, 0011\111' -- nee ;)TO J:C:la:l()eL paoa:-'BI, HOTOPhIC 11 EPYIlHf,JX MancpClmx lIaC'IlITIoIBa,lIlCh ;{l'('HTRH:\ll1. l\pO:\1C Cap~IJ1110rOTY~lf,j I,Cpa~UI'ICCI,\lC ~WCTl'IH'''lJO InIC:[HCh 11 ,-(po- 60TO, PO.\lY.:IC, Cyunnauc S, a, Bo;nlOil,HO, 11 11 ;(PYI'I1X roponax.

1 Crt, II I, 142lfi5. Iia:\IIIICb II B. - CM. Flo res C u, crp, 15, .\' 3. ~ eLL, I II, 14216.1 (Hn;ullfcb [I B.).

3 D. T 11 1\ 0 r. Oltcnia Homnna. Burarest, HH2, crp. 35;), .\~ 23:1. 4 Cl L, Ill, 11492 IT All. ep.. 1929, .\1 217. !Ioc,lC:\IIHil lIa;llll1<'h IIpO-

HCXO;(HT l!3 1'. napllyIITa B Jl.unrouuu If l'BII;(CTC:IIoI'TBYCT T().~lbIW 0 roxi, 'ITO pao-canOilWIH; OWl no IIPOllCXOilqCIIIUO ;(fm. Oua ~fOiI\CT 61H!. IIPI1H.IC'1l'1I11 1m" ;(OIlO;JIIHIOll(HJl llcpn)'10 !W;(IIlfCIo, lIaiiJ(l'IIIIYIO B ;~m\l[II, norrco.tr.xy yr;-lOnITa 111'1I0:II,;IORaIJlIiI paOOB B COCe;(fIllX :.I),Il,tiIl'fmx IIPOBHHflllHX lie Mor:11I crr.n-no OT:IIl'IUTbCH. Hpmw TOI'O, ;~aHIIIJii paG xror 6WTb npnseacn II:; ,lalntH.

5 «Daria», T. IX-X, CTp. 439.

6 An. ep., HJ50, CTp. 179, .~2 18, 70, 79; «Dacia», T. XI-XII, crp. 275. 7 M. :\1 a C rea. Note au sujct des hriqucterics L'Il Dncie. «Dacia»,

T. Xl-XII, CTp. 275.

8 D. T 11 do f. Despre sclavaj in Ilacia inf'orioarn. SCIV, 1950, r. q. 1.

CTp. 210.

lOB

Bocnonue TaO.lHllbl C :~()I'()UOpa:\<ll1: 0 «Y[[;IO If nponaacc pafiou If Ha;(IIlICn nO:1 hTIOOTUYllleHHl1ROB 1, Hail:l<!HHblC II paiioue ;(al\11ilCIWX PY;(IUmOIl, cun;WTC;/hCTByIOT 0 npuxrencuuu ra vr TpY.I-(a pa6ou, :XOTfI OCHUUHbL'.1 IllI,J.OM paUllllcii Cll.1"1 B PY;{IIH1,ax 1)1.1.111 CllOOO;UII>lO pafio-nio.

IIo:lOiI;CIIIIC usmcparo pcrcux pafiou, paOOTUBIIlI1X cfio pnur-

I,a,"! naaurou, II rca auaueiicruo 11 na TaM()il,CIIIII>IX CHIHI[HHX, po.uco UT.llllJa.'IOCh OT JlU:IOihOHHfI pafiou y 'HlCTllhlX PUOOB:la:W:lhncn. llcpuuc qaCTO uxro.u: co6CTHeHHhiX pafiou 2 11 ofi.ra.ta.ur :1llalll1Tl':lhllhl:'IH conOHHlIH:.tH. O;UIH rauoii pao IlC:\W;HlaH (librari IlS) !lO:l;lBIll' na CHOI! ;(CIIhI'H X paxr II qCeTh Caelostae vi I'gi II i A ugustac 3.

,Llalmi:rclHlC TaO:1[1I1l>1, Hall;~CI!II"'O II paiiono :W.IUThIX PY:(HH"()B, cl!;J,epmaT IIHTepl'CJll.le .iautu.rc 0 UCHax ira pafio u 11 HaCMllbl\ pufiolJl1X no I[ B. 4. Ta«, ,,,cIIIlUlHy-paOI.IHIO B ;~alalH :'>10il\UO 6hl~[() "ynUTI> :la -'120 .rouapuou'', ~fa.-I1)'''I''a --;w fj()()6, nrccru.rcrtnoro :1ClIo'my aa 250 .rcnapucu 7, ror.rn J\al, H ;\rflJlIHW ueira pafia , II cperurext , onpcncnnorcn uccro 11 ,>0 .rcuapucn. CY:1Jl no rauovy COOTIlOIUCmno HClI, paOl>I ua ;~YJJaC nCHJ1:II[('j-, OllCH!> rtoporo 11, 1I0UII;(llMU.\IY, ne mtC:lll TaIWl'O pacupocrpaucuuu, I;:a" B lIPOIl11l11\lIHX, panoc 1l0IllC/(IJIIIX Il COCTau PUMCIWii mllWplHI; TPY:l jill' uacvuoro patio'ICI'o rra ,.ly uac 01'],1 ;lIIalJJlTl':1 hIJ() .tcurcu.ro. Ta 1\, ;w paficrry IIa J().~IOThl:X PY;lIIl[J,ax (' xrau III) JlOH6p" HaC:\lUhlii pa6o'IIJii lIo.:[yqa:l 70 ;(CIIaPI1C1l R, .tpyroii paooqllii pynnuxuu, JWpOIITHO, au nq (Tao.1J1lmall:lOxueoxpaIHl:tacb)no".y.lU . .1 150 ;(CnapHCB 9. Tpcruii paO()'1l1ll aa Ile:lhlil. ro.r pa60TI>[ y qaCTlIOl"O .1 I uta , IIOBI1)l)IMO\lY, llO.l)!tJa:J route 01\0.10 70 .teirapaeu 10 (TaO:lll'"\a nouponcrona, cy::\Hla YCTaHOIl.1CHa YC:JOIlHO). COIIOCTall.'lClIIle ;)TI1 x itCH C 01l:WTOlt rpy.ia 11 ;):1l1I,TC .1lUOT';ICTliana, no I,UTOP0:\IY CC;lhC"UXO:lHiicrucunraii HaeMTlhlii pa60TIIIm 11:111 nacry x TlO:IY'IU:J no 2;-, .teua [JIlOB H ncar., a pe:-'ll'C.-:ICHHHI\II - no 50 .rcuapucn II 1I01..:aaJ,waCT

1 Cl L, Ill. tab. rer. VI, VII, XX \. I! ,([I. lim mo. 1322 (Hll,J,lllfCb as

r-, AMlTe;IU).

2 Ta~! ~l\O, 79:3~; Korcnvl. ,\ol'J20; (,Dada", 1'. VII-VIII, np. ;12;-).

3 Kercuyi , ,\, 1091). •

4 If PI1JJO;WH II hI() "WKO (' paumrrcar.n hie ;J,U III1LIO Il:lil TLI If:! era Tbii

E. :\1. TU T U e p 1t a II. PaOCTBO B llI--IV BB. I!. J. Ii 3iHUqllhlX IlpUm!H~l1l1X Prrxrcrcoii lnUIOP 1111 , nil Hil.

a C1L, Ill, CTp. H;)9, tab. cer. XXV-OI\THUPb, 1001'. 6 Taxr If\{,, CTI'. 941. tab. cer. VII -1m", 142 r,

7 TUM me, CTp. 937, tab. cer. VI -1fUPT, 139 I'. S Ta1! mo, CTp. 918, tab. cor. X -lIIaM, Hi41'.

9 1'1111 me, CTp. H4!1, tab. cor. XI -,J,aTU IfOII:lDOCTlfa. ]0 TiU! mo, CTp. 94il, tab. cor. IX - OJ,THOpb, 163 r-,

11 E. :\1. III Tao p 1{ a II. PaOCTBO u auua.rnrax npoaaanan x ... ,

crp. 98.

107