Free Space Laser Communication

SEMINAR
ON
FREE SPACE LASER

COMMUNICATION
TALK FLOW
 Basic overview
 System overview
 Introduction
 Multi- path laser communication
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Security aspects
 Safety aspects
 Application
 Conclusion
2/18
INTRODUCTION
 What is LASER?
 It is a source of coherent EM waves at infrared
& light frequencies.
 Operating range is from 430 to 750 THz.
 Information carrying capacity is immense.
(3/18)
What is Free-space LASER Communication
 Data is transmitted by modulated laser light

where the laser beam travels through the
atmosphere.
 It’s a wireless connection through the
atmosphere.
 The laser light across the link is at a
wavelength of between 780-920 nm.
 Two parallel beams are used, one for
transmission and one for reception.
(4/18)
Basic overview of free space laser
communication
 Runs in infrared spectrum.
 Optical signal is in the range of THz
(5/18)
System overview of free space laser
communication
 The system consists of two transceivers, each
capable of simultaneously transmitting &
receiving either analogue or digital
information.
 User selects between either analogue or
digital information via means of two switches.
 In normal operation, the system is a full
duplex analogue/digital communicator.
(6/18)
7
Hardware:
 It is divided into two main categories:
 The analogue transceiver-including VU
meter.
 The digital transceiver.
 The design incorporates three circuits
which perform analogue modulation,
digital modulation, and signal strength
display.
 The completed system houses all these
modules as a single unit, sharing the
critical input & output components. 8
9
Free space multi-path laser communication
systems:
 All laser beams hit the target point(optics & photo-
diode of the receiver)coherently.
 This is achieved by phase control analog circuit.
Advantages of multi-path laser communication systems:
 Robustness in performance(not all beams are
interrupted simultaneously).
 Better safety.
 Easier design and built of stable laser sources and
optics.
10
The degradation effects can be categorized
as:
 Propagation effect:
 Due to presence of heavy fog, snow or smoke
blocks the line-of-sight between the units.
 Sun is interfering the laser beam.
 Mechanical insufficiencies:
 As the optical beam is narrow, the link
performance is sensitive to vibration, wind
sway, and thermal expansion of the
equipment.
11
Advantages:
 Eliminates the need of buried cable installations.
 No need of Govt. licensing.
 No spectrum fees have to be paid.
 No radio interference.
 Systems are quickly deployable.
 High data rate & security.
 More highly directional then RF communication.
 Extremely high bandwidth.
 Large information throughput that is many times greater than
RF communication.
 Small antenna size.
 One third in mass.
 Half in power requirement.
12
 Security aspects:
 Due to narrow optical beam paths, they are not

accessible unless viewing directly into the
transmitter path.
 Existence of laser beams cannot be detected with
spectrum analyzers.
 Safety aspects:
 Do not require certification for handling or
operation.
 Although the emitted laser beam is invisible to the
unaided eye, it can cause eye damage if viewed
directly at close range for extended periods of
time.
13
Applications:
 Transmission of digital computer data
(LAN interconnect) video, voice,
multiplexed data etc.
 Provides bitrates up to 1.25 Gbps at
shorter distances.
 Suitable for temporary connectivity needs
such as at conventions, sporting events,
corporate & university campuses, military
operations etc.
14
15
16
17
Conclusion:
 Laser-com technology on path to be operationally fielded
in space in next decade
 Revolutionary increases in capability and reductions in
size ,weight & power.
 Telecom-like interoperability standards should help
keep costs down.
 Continued R & D to achieve ultimate potential

 Laser-com to/from aircraft
 Multiple users per terminal(multi-access)
 Advanced technology for high sensitivity and high data
rates.
18
“Thank u”
…..all…..
19

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SEMINAR

FREE SPACE LASER

 Data is transmitted by modulated laser light

 Due to narrow optical beam paths, they are not

 Continued R & D to achieve ultimate potential

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