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    AB General Calcuation

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    Lit Kwok Keung
    This document provides summaries of common calculations and principles in chemistry and biochemistry. It defines key equations for molarity, moles, mass, pH, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Beer's Law, SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, electrophoresis principles, and HPLC analysis. Key variables and their meanings are identified for each equation.

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    AB General Calcuation

    Uploaded by

    Lit Kwok Keung
    64 views2 pages
    This document provides summaries of common calculations and principles in chemistry and biochemistry. It defines key equations for molarity, moles, mass, pH, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Beer's Law, SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, electrophoresis principles, and HPLC analysis. Key variables and their meanings are identified for each equation.

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    This document provides summaries of common calculations and principles in chemistry and biochemistry. It defines key equations for molarity, moles, mass, pH, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Beer's Law, SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, electrophoresis principles, and HPLC analysis. Key variables and their meanings are identified for each equation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    64 views2 pages

    AB General Calcuation

    Uploaded by

    Lit Kwok Keung
    This document provides summaries of common calculations and principles in chemistry and biochemistry. It defines key equations for molarity, moles, mass, pH, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Beer's Law, SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, electrophoresis principles, and HPLC analysis. Key variables and their meanings are identified for each equation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    General Calcuation

    1. M1V1 = M2V2 M1 = Molar concentration 1 (M or mol/l)


    V1 = Volume 1 (l)
    M2 = Molar concentration 2 (M or mol/l)
    V2 = Volume 2 (l)
    2. No. of moles = concentration (M or mol/l) x volume (l)
    3. Mass or amount (g) = concentration (g/l) x volume (l)
    = concentration (% = g/100ml) x volume
    4. Mass (g) = No. of moles x Mr
    5. Initial Concentration = Diluted Concentration x concentration
    factor(10x)
    = Diluted Concentration ÷ dilution factor
    (10-x)
    = Diluted Concentration x (x-fold)
    6. Milli (m) = 10-3
    Micro (μ) = 10-6
    Nano (n) = 10-9

    pH calculation

    1. Ka = [A-] [H+] Ka = Ionisation constant


    [HA]
    2. pKa = -log Ka
    3. pH = -log [H+] [H+] = concentration (M or mol/l)
    4. pOH = -log[OH-]
    5. pH +pOH = 14

    Handersson Hasselbalch equation

    [A-]
    pH = pKa +log10
    [HA]

    Beer Lambert Law (Absorbance)


    1. A = abc A = absorbance
    a = absorptivity or Molar extinction
    coefficient or Molar Absorptivity
    b = pathlength (cm) – usually 1cm
    c = concentration (mol/l)
    AS = CS
    2. Au Cu As = Absorbance of standard
    Au = Absorbance of unknown
    Cs = Concentration of standard
    Cu = Concentration of unknown

    SDS page analysis

    Rf = Distance by protein
    Distance by dye
    Plot graph of log Mw (y axis) vs. Rf of
    marker (x-axis)
    Cross Rf of unknown for log Mw value, shift log (anti-log) for Mw

    Fluorescence

    Quantum yiled (Q) No. of photons emitted =


    No. of photons absorbed
    Electrophoresis
    1. Felectric =qE Felectric = Force
    q = Charge
    E = electric field
    2. Ffriction = vf Ffriction = Frictional force
    v = velocity
    f = frictional coefficient
    (Newton’s third law = every action there is equal and opposite
    reaction)
    3. qE = vf
    4. = = μ μ = electricphoretic mobility or band quality
    q V
    f E
    (Assuming infinite dilution at non-conducting solvent,
    determining factor = charge, size, shape)

    HPLC analysis

    1. K = C K= Detector Response Factor


    A A= Area
    C= Concentration
    (K is constant for a one-time analysis on the same machine)

    2. K = CS = Cu Cs = Concentration of standard
    As Au As = Area of standard
    Cu = Concentration of unknown
    Au = Area of unknown

    3. Area = peak width at half height x peak height

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