BEAMPASK
BEAMPASK
BEAMPASK
,
_
t t 1 2
2
4 , 3 , 2 , 1
r
These roots are all either complex conjugate or real, depending on the magnitude of with respect to unity.
The integration constants C and D factoring the positive exponential term in the solution of the homogeneous
equation are identically equal to zero on the conditions that the deflections of the beam must remain finite far
away from the loaded area.
2.2.1 Subcritical Deformed Shape
When the flexural stiffness of the beam prevails over the shear stiffness of the soil, then < 1 and
i r t t
4 , 3 , 2 , 1
where
+
1
1
The solution of the homogeneous equation becomes
[ ] [ ] x D x C e x B x A e y
x x
sin cos sin cos + + +
2.2.2 Critical Deformed Shape
When the flexural stiffness of the beam is about equivalent to the shear stiffness of the soil, then = 1 and
t
2 , 1
r where 2
The solution of the homogeneous equation becomes
[ ] [ ] Dx C e Bx A e y
x x
+ + +
2.2.3 Supercritical Deformed Shape
When the shear stiffness of the soil prevails over the flexural stiffness of the beam, then > 1 and
t t
4 , 3 , 2 , 1
r where
1
1
+
The solution of the homogeneous equation becomes
[ ] [ ] x D x C e x B x A e y
x x
sinh cosh sinh cosh + + +
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 5
2.2.4 Unitization of Deformed Shape Functions
The above equation can be expressed analytically in terms of hyperbolic, polynomials or circular functions
depending on the rigidity ratio , i.e. whether or not the shear rigidity of the Pasternak layer prevails over the
flexural stiffness of the beam combined with the spring stiffness of the Winkler layer.
function 0 < 1 = 1 > 1
) (
0
x f x cos 1 x cosh
) (
1
x f
x sin
x
x sinh
) (
2
x f
2
cos 1
x
2
2
x
2
1 cosh
x
) (
3
x f
3
sin
x x
6
3
x
3
sinh
x x
) (
4
x f
4
2
cos 2 / ) ( 1
x x
24
4
x
4
2
2 / ) ( 1 cosh
x x
Those functions are more conveniently represented here by their series development
) ( x f
n
( )
0
2
)! 2 (
i
i
n
n i
x
x
! n
x
n
( )
( )
+
0
2
)! 2 (
1
i
i
i n
n i
x
x
Figure 2-3 High Speed Track of the East TGV
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 6
2.3 Forces and Deformations Along an Infinitely Long Strip
The forces and deformations along the continuous beam (x 0) at the point of load application are
( )
1
1
1
if
cosh
cos
) (
2
0
>
<
'
x e
e
x e
x f e x
x
x
x
x
( ) ( ) [ ] x x x
dx
d
+ ) (
( )
( )
1
1
1
if
sinh cosh
2
1
sin cos
) (
2
1
0
>
<
'
1
]
1
+
1
]
1
+
1
]
1
1
]
1
x x
e
x e
x x
e
x f
x f
e x
x
x
x
x
) ( 2 ) ( x x
dx
d
( )
1
1
1
if
sinh
2
sin
) (
2
2
2
1
2
>
<
'
x e
x e
x e
x f e x
x
x
x
x
) ( ) ( x x
dx
d
( )
( )
1
1
1
if
sinh cosh
2
1
sin cos
) (
2
1
0
>
<
'
1
]
1
1
]
1
1
]
1
1
]
1
x x
e
x e
x x
e
x f
x f
e x
x
x
x
x
( ) [ ] x x x
dx
d
) ( 2 ) (
2.3.1 Concentrated Force
The concentrated load P is counted positive when directed downwards.
The local origin is set at the point of application of the load.
Figure 2-4 Concentrated Load
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 7
Because of symmetry only formulas for x 0 need to be considered.
( ) [ ]
) (
) (
2
) (
4
) (
4
) (
8
2
3
x P Q
x x
P
V
x
P
M
x
EI
P
x
EI
P
y
2.3.2 Uniformly Distributed Load
The load intensity is constant equal to q over a length 2a and zero outside this area. It is counted positive when
directed downwards.
The local origin is set at the center of the loaded area.
Figure 2-5 Uniformly Distributed Load
Because of symmetry only formulae for x 0 need to be considered.
The formulae below are derived from the integral ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] u u du u
1
The shear force in the Pasternak layer is
2
4EI Q
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 8
section 0<x<a
[ ] { }
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] ) ( ) (
4
) ( ) (
4
) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 2
8
2
3
4
x a x a
q
V
x a x a
q
M
x a x a
EI
q
x a x a x a x a
EI
q
y
+
+ +
+
+ + +
[2]
section x>a
[ ] { }
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] ) ( ) (
4
) ( ) (
4
) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
8
2
3
4
a x a x
q
V
a x a x
q
M
a x a x
EI
q
a x a x a x a x
EI
q
y
+
+
+
+ + +
[3]
2.3.3 Triangular Load
The load intensity is linearly increasing from zero to q over a length a and equal to zero outside this interval. It is
counted positive when directed downward.
The local origin is set at the start of the loaded area.
The formulae below are derived from the integral ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1
]
1
+
1
]
1
u
u u
u
u u du u u
2
1
The shear force in the Pasternak layer is
2
4EI Q
section x<0
[ ] { }
[ ] { }
[ ]
[ ] ) ( ) ( ) (
4
) ( 2 ) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( ) (
16
2
3
4
5
x a a x x a
a
q
V
x a a x x a
a
q
M
x x a x a a x x a
a EI
q
x a a x a x x a a x a x
a EI
q
y
+
+ +
+
[4]
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 9
section 0<x<a
[ ] { }
[ ] { }
[ ]
[ ] ) ( ) ( ) (
4
) ( 2 ) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( 2 ) ( ) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( ) ( 2 4 ) ( 2 ) ( ) (
16
2
3
4
5
x a a x x a
a
q
V
x a a x x a
a
q
M
x x a x a a x x a
a EI
q
x a a x a x x x a a x a x
a EI
q
y
+
+ +
+ +
[5]
section x>a
[ ] { }
[ ] { }
[ ]
[ ] ) ( ) ( ) (
4
) ( 2 ) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
8
) ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( ) (
16
2
3
4
5
a x a x a x
a
q
V
a x a x a x
a
q
M
x a x a x a x a x
a EI
q
a x a a x x a x a a x x
a EI
q
y
+
+ +
+ + +
[6]
2.3.4 Concentrated Moment
The concentrated moment C is counted positive when applied clockwise.
The local origin is set at the point of application of the couple.
Figure 2-6 Concentrated Couple
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 10
Because of symmetry only formulae for x 0 need to be considered.
( ) [ ]
( ) [ ]
) (
2 ) (
2
) (
2
) (
4
) (
4
2
x C Q
x x
C
V
x x
C
M
x
EI
C
x
EI
C
y
+
2.4 Beams of Finite Length
2.4.1 Soil Layer Deformations Outside the Beam
Whereas the 4
th
order differential equation [1] prevails within the inner domain 0 x L covering the finite
length of the beam, the deformations of the semi-infinite soil layer outside the beam (EI = 0; outer domain) are
governed by the 2
nd
order differential equation
0
2
2
+ ky
dx
y d
G [7]
which admits the solution
1
1
]
1
G
k
x y y exp
0
where
x = absolute distance measured from the extremity of the beam
0
y = deformation of the soil layer just outside the beam edge
Figure 2-7 Semi-Infinite Beam on a Pasternak Foundation [from Ref./ 3/]
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 11
The program assumes that the soil deformation y
0
is only a fraction u of the deflection at the edge of the beam
where 0 u 1.
The restraining effect of the Pasternak soil layer on both sides of the beam can therefore be reduced to equivalent
linear springs by reference to the vertical deflection at the edges of the beam
kG uB
dx
dy
y
GB
u H
x
S
0 0
2.4.2 Boundary Conditions
The most general elastic restraint provided by the supports at either extremity of the beam are expressed by a
linear elastic, symmetrical stiffness matrix
at end (B)
1
]
1
B B
B B
B
K J
J H
K
at origin (A)
1
]
1
A A
A A
A
K J
J H
K
where
- H
A
, H
B
shear spring terms,
- K
A
, K
B
rotational spring terms,
- J
A
, J
B
coupling spring terms.
The most general boundary conditions at the beam extremities are therefore expressed by the equations
- end (x = L)
,
_
1
]
1
,
_
L
L
B B
B S B
B
B
y
K J
J H H
M
R
- origin (x = 0)
,
_
1
]
1
,
_
0
0
y
K J
J H H
M
R
A A
A S A
A
A
where
R
B
= -V
L
-Q
L
= vertical reaction applied by the end support B to the beam
M
B
= -M
L
= moment applied by the end support B to the beam
R
A
= +V
0
+Q
0
= vertical reaction applied by the start support A to the beam
M
A
= +M
0
= moment applied by the start support A to the beam
It ought to be noted that
the reactions applied to the beam by the end support B have opposite sign compared to the shear and moment
in that section,
the vertical reactions R
A
and R
B
are the sum of shear forces in the beam and in the Pasternak layer
respectively.
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 12
2.4.3 Elements of Reduction at Beam Extremities
The elements of reduction in the section just ahead of the end of the beam (x = L-) are
( )
( )
,
_
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
+
+
,
_
,
_
+
A
A
B
B
L L
L L
L L L
L L L
L
L
L
L L
L
L
L
L L
C
P
C
P
kB kB kB
kB kB kB
y
M
Q V
y
M
Q V
2 2
3 2 4
2
2
0
2
0
2
1
4
1
2
1
4
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
The elements of reduction in the section just past the start of the beam (x = ) are
( )
( )
,
_
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
+
+
,
_
,
_
+
A
A
B
B
L L
L L
L L L
L L L
C
P
C
P
kB kB kB
kB kB kB
y
M
Q V
y
M
Q V
0
2 2
0
2
1
4
1
2
1
4
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
2 2
4 3 2
2
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
where a bar designates the elements of reduction associated to the infinite strip computed at the extremities of the
finite length beam and
/ ) 0 (
) (
/ ) 0 (
) (
0 ) 0 (
) (
1 ) 0 (
) (
L L L L
L L L L
2.4.4 Boundary System
2.4.4.1 General Solution
The auxiliary forces P
A
and P
B
and moments C
A
and C
B
are the solution of the system
[ ]
,
_
+ + +
+ +
+
,
_
0
2
0 0
0 2 0 0 0
2
2
kB
y
kB
M
kB
y
kB
Q V
kB
y
kB
M
kB
y
kB
Q V
C
P
C
P
A A
A A
L B L B L
L B L B L L
A
A
B
B
S [8]
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 13
where
( ) B A
kB
K
kB
J
kB
H H
S
,
3 2
+
[9]
and
[ ]
1
]
1
A lA
LB B
0
0
S S
S S
S [10]
[ ]
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
0
0 0
0
2
0
0 0
0
2
2
1
4
2 2
1
0 B B B B
S
[ ]
1
]
1
+
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
L L
B
L
L
L L
B
L
L
B
L
L
L L
L L
LB
0 0
2
0 0
2
2
0
0
2
2 4
2 2
S
[ ]
1
]
1
+
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
L L
A
L
L
L L
A
L
L
A
L
L
L L
L L
LA
0 0
2
0 0
2
2
0
0
2
2 4
2 2
S
[ ]
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
]
1
+
1
1
1
1
]
1
0
0 0
0
2
0
0 0
0
2
2
1
4
2 2
1
0 A A A A
S
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 14
3 VARIABLES AND UNITS
Text Program Description Unit
3.1 Input Data
EI EI flexural rigidity of the beam KN*m
2
B B width of foundation m
u u deflection ratio
k k modulus of subgrade reaction KN/m
3
G G shear stiffness of soil KN/m
Np number of concentrated forces
d d distance from member origin of concentrated force j m
P P intensity of concentrated force j KN
x x distance of section from member origin m
Figure 3-1 Mudmats on a GoM Jacket
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 15
3.2 Default Values
u = 0 [] (no load transfer to soil outside the beam)
k = 10
4
[KN/m
3
] (soft to medium clay)
G = 0 [KN/m] (Winkler foundation)
3.3 Output Data
M M moment in section x KN*m
V V shear in section x KN
y y vertical deflection of section x m
0
[-] 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
H [-] 4.3 4.3 4.5 5.4
Table 4-1 Recommended Dimensionless Product H [from Ref./3/]
The accuracy of this product is estimated not to exceed 10% as long as the ratio of the loaded length L by the
depth of the layer remains within the limits
0 . 5 / 1 . 0 H L
Figure 4-1 Comparative Settlements of Winkler and Pasternak Foundations
4.2 Residual Shear at the Free Edges of a Finite Beam
The boundary conditions at the extremities of the finite length free beam defined in Section 2.4.1 yield the
peculiar result that shear at the edges of this beam is not identically zero in general. In particular when the
deflection ratio u is set equal to zero, shear forces in the beam and in the inner Paternak layer balance each other,
i.e. V + Q 0, and no force is transferred to the soil outside the foundation.
This residual shear actually causes the slope discontinuity observed for the Pasternak layer in this section.
Imposing V 0 at both ends of the finite beam would create two additional equations incompatible with the
degree (4
th
) of the constitutive differential equation [1].
This residual shear remains nevertheless of comparatively small magnitude, and its perturbating effect on forces
and deformations in the beam dies out rapidly away from the extremities.
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 17
4.3 Infinite Hinged Beam
Because of symmetry the concentrated load P is equally split between the left and right side of the beam.
A portion of the half load P/2 is directly transferred to the shear layer as a result of the slope of the beam being
non-zero at the vertical of the load.
The boundary conditions at the hinge are therefore
2
0
0
0
3
3
0
2
2
P
dx
dy
GB
dx
y d
EI
dx
y d
x
x
x
The forces and deformations along the beam hinged at the point of load application are
( ) ( )
2 1 4
4
+
+
x x
EI
P
y
( )
2 1 4
3
+
x
EI
P
( )
2 1 2
2
+
x P
M
( )
2 1 2 +
x P
V
( )
2 1+
x P
Q
Figure 4-2 Infinite Hinged Beam on a Pasternak Foundation [from Ref./ 3/]
The load P is transferred to the system in the respective proportions
2 1
1
+
to the beam
2 1
2
+
to the Pasternak layer
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 18
4.4 Finite Length Beam Equivalent to an Infinite Strip
4.4.1 Semi-Infinite Beam
The forces and deformations along a semi-infinite beam subjected to concentrated loading at its (left) free
extremity are found under the assumptions of zero deformation ratio (u = 0).
4.4.1.1 Concentrated Force
The shear, moment and deformation of a semi-infinite beam subjected to a concentrated force P
0
at its free edge
are derived by substituting P with 2P
0
in the expressions in Section 4.3 for the infinite hinged beam.
4.4.1.2 Concentrated Moment
The shear, moment and deformation of a semi-infinite beam subjected to a concentrated moment C
0
at its free
edge are found by expressing the boundary conditions at this extremity
0
0 0
3
3
0
0
2
2
x x
x
dx
dy
GB
dx
y d
EI
C
dx
y d
EI
yielding
( )
2 1 2
3
0
+
x
EI
C
y
( ) ( )
2 1
2
0
+
x x
EI
C
( ) ( )
2 1
2
0
+
+
x x C
M
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
2 2 1
2
2
0
+
+
x x
C V
( ) ( )
2 1
4
0
+
x x
C Q
4.4.2 Equivalent Stiffness Matrix
A semi-infinite beam on an elastic foundation can be exactly replaced by an equivalent stiffness matrix.
The terms of this matrix are directly derived from the deformations at the (left) free extremity of the semi-infinite
beam subjected to a force P
0
and a moment C
0
at this point
( )
,
_
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
0
0
2 2
2 4
0
0
2
1
2
1
2
2 1
1
C
P
EI
y
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 19
Equivalent stiffness matrices can therefore be defined
at the left extremity of a semi-infinite beam extending forward right
1
]
1
+
+
2 2
2 4
2
2 2
EI
B
K
at the right extremity of a semi-infinite beam extending backward left
1
]
1
2 2
2 4
2
2 2
EI
A
K
Any infinite strip subjected to an arbitrary loading can hence be replaced by a beam of finite length with left and
right boundaries defined by the stiffness matrices K
A
and K
B
respectively. As long as this equivalent shorter beam
fully encompasses the loaded zone, the forces and displacements in any section are rigorously identical to those in
the infinite strip, and are also independent of the position of the extremities A and B of the beam outside the
loaded area.
4.5 Beam in Tension Resting on a Winkler Foundation
Hentnyi (Ref./ 1/) derived the following homogeneous differential equation for a prismatic Euler beam subjected
to the constant axial tension N and resting on an elastic Winkler foundation.
0
2
2
4
4
+ kBy
dx
y d
N
dx
y d
EI
By analogy with equation [1], the shear resistance GB of the Pasternak layer can therefore be regarded as
equivalent to a fictitious tensile force N in the beam. Owing to the range of values customary accepted for the
shear modulus G, the order of magnitude of this equivalent force generally exceeds the tensile capacity of the
beam cross-section.
Figure 4-3 Infinitesimal Element of a Beam Under Tension on a Winkler Foundation [from Ref./ 1/]
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 20
5 ASSOCIATED ROUTINES
5.1 Upstream
BEAMPASKcalls the following program as subroutine
- BEAMWINK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Winkler Support
5.2 Downstream
None
5.3 Related Software
None
Figure 5-1 Overturned Buildings After the 1964 Niigata Quake [courtesy NOAA]
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 21
6 REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY
6.1 References
1. HETNYI, M. - Beams on Elastic Foundation / The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI [1946]
2. PATIL, V.A., SAWANT, V.A. & DEB, K. Use of Finite and Infinite Elements in Static Analysis of
Pavement / Interaction & Multiscale Mechanics, Vol. 3, No 1, pp. 95-110 [2010]
3. TANAHASHI, H. Formulas for an Infinitely Long Euler-Bernoulli Beam on the Pasternak Model / Soils &
Foundations, Vol. 44, No 5, pp. 109-118 [Oct2004]
4. TEODORU, I.B., MUSAT, V. & VRABIE, M. A Finite Element Study of the Bending Behavior of Beams
Resting on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation / Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy, Vol. LII, No 3-
4 [2006]
5. Van CAUWELAERT, F. Pavement Design and Evaluation The Required Mathematics and its
Applications / Federation of the Belgian Cement Industry, Brussels, Belgium [Dec2003]
6. VLASOV, V.Z. & LEONTIEV, N.N. Beams, Plates and Shells on Elastic Foundation / Fizmatgiz,
Moscow, Russia [1960]
Figure 6-1 Loadout Skidway of an Offshore Jacket
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 22
6.2 Bibliography
7. AYDOGAN, M.- Stiffness Matrix Formulation of Beams with Shear Effect on Elastic Foundation / J.
Structural Engrg, ASCE, Vol. 121, No 9, pp. 1265-1270 [1995]
8. BARROS, P.L., PAVANELLO, R., NETO, E.M. & MOROOKA, C.K. SCR-Seafloor Interaction
Modelling with Winkler, Pasternak and Kerr Beam-on-Elastic-Foundation Theories / Proc.28
th
Intl OMAE
Conf., paper OMAE2009-79459, Honolulu, Hawaii [Jun2009]
9. CHIWANGA, M. & VALSANGKAR, A.J. Generalized Beam Element on Two-Parameter Elastic
Foundation / J. Structural Engrg, Vol. 114, No 8, pp. 1414-1427 [1988]
10. DUTTA, S.C. & ROY, R. A Critical Review on Idealization and Modeling for Interaction Among Soil-
Foundation-Structure System / Computers & Structures, Vol. 80, No 20-21, pp. 1579-1594 [Aug2002]
11. EISENBERGER, M. & CLASTORNIK, J. Beams on Variable Two-Parameter Elastic Foundations / J.
Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 113, No 10, pp. 1454-1466 [1987]
12. EL-MOUSLY, M. Fundamental Frequencies of Timoshenko Beams Mounted on Pasternak Foundation / J.
Sound & Vibration, Vol. 228, No 2, pp. 452-457 [Nov1999]
13. FILONENKO-BORODICH, M.M. Some Approximate Theories of the Elastic Foundation / Uchenyie
Zapiski Moskovskogo Gosudarstrennogo Universiteta Mekhanica, Vol. 46, No 3, Moscow, Russia [1940]
14. FILONENKO-BORODICH, M.M. A Very Simple Model of an Elastic Foundation Capable of Spreading
the Load / Sb. Tr. Mosk. Elektro. Inst. Inzh. Tran., No 53, Moscow, Russia [1945]
15. GULKAN, P. & ALEMDAR, B.N. Exact Finite Element for a Beam on a Two-Parameter Elastic
Foundation: a Revisit / Structural Engineering & Mechanics, Vol. 7, No 3, pp. 259-276 [1999]
16. HARR, M.E., DAVIDSON, J.L., HO, D., POMBO, L.E., RAMASWAMY, S.V. & ROSNER, J.C. Euler
Beams on a Two Parameter Foundation Model / J. Soil Mech. & Foundation Div., ASCE, Vol. 95, No SM4,
pp. 933-948 [1969]
17. HORIBE, T. & ASANO, N. Large Deflection Analysis of Beams on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation
Using the Boundary Integral Equation Method / Intl J. Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series A,
Vol. 44, No 2, pp. 231-236 [2001]
18. KARAMANLIDIS, D. & PRAKASH, V. Exact Transfer and Stiffness Matrices for a Beam/Column
Resting on a Two-Parameter Foundation / Computer Methods in Appl. Mech. Engrg, Vol. 72, pp. 77-89
19. KERR, A.D. Viscoelastic Winkler Foundation with Shear Interactions / J. Engrg Mech. Div., ASCE, Vol.
87, No EM3, pp. 13-30 [Jun1961]
20. KERR, A.D. Elastic and Viscoelastic Foundation Models / J. Applied Mech., ASCE, Vol. 31, pp. 491-498
[1964]
21. KERR, A.D. A Study of a New Foundation Model / Acta Mechanica, Vol. 1, pp. 135-147 [1965]
22. KERR, A.D. On the Formal Development of Elastic Foundation Models / Ingenieur-Archiv, Vol. 54, pp.
455-464 [1984]
23. KERR, A.D. Application of Pasternak Model to Some Soil-Structure Interaction Problems [May1985]
24. KERR, A.D. & COFFIN, D.W. Beams on a Two-Dimensional Pasternak Base Subjected to Loads That
Cause Lift-Off / Intl J. Solids & Structures, Vol. 28, No 4, pp. 413-422 [1991]
25. MA, X., BUTTERWORTH, J.W. & CLIFTON, G.C. Static Analysis of an Infinite Beam Resting on a
Tensionless Pasternak Foundation / European J. Mechanics & Solids, Vol. 28, No 4, pp. 697-703 [Jul2009]
26. MORFIDIS, K. & AVRAMIDIS, I.E. Formulation of a Generalized Beam Element on a Two-Parameter
Elastic Foundation With Semi-Rigid Connections and Rigid Offsets / Computers & Structures, Vol. 80, No
25, pp. 1919-1934 [2002]
27. NOGAMI, T. & ONEILL, M.W. Beam on Generalized Two-Parameter Foundation / J. Engrg Mech. Div.,
ASCE, Vol. 111, No 5, pp. 664-679 [1985]
28. ONU, G. Shear Effect in Beam Finite Element on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation / J. Structural Engrg,
Vol. 126, No 9, pp. 1104-1107 [2000]
29. PASTERNAK, P.L. On a New Method of Analysis of an Elastic Foundation by Means of Two Foundation
Constants / Gosudarstvennoe Izdatelstvo Literaturi po Stroitelstvu I Arkhitekture, Moscow, Russia [1954]
30. POOROOSHASB, H.B., PIETRUSZCZAK, S. & ASHTAKALA, B. An Extension of the Pasternak
Foundation Concept / Soils & Foundations, Vol. 25, No 3, pp. 31-40 [Sep1985]
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 23
31. PRONK, A.C. The Pasternak Foundation: An Attractive Alternative for the Winkler Foundation / Proc. 5
th
Intl Conf. on Concrete Pavement Design & Rehabilitation, Vol. 1, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Indiana
[1993]
32. PRONK, A.C. & Van Den BOL, M.E. Winkler - Pasternak - Kerr Foundations : Notes on Boundary
Conditions / BCRA Conf., Trondheim, Norway [1998]
33. SHIRIMA, L.M. & GIGER, M.W. Timoshenko Beam Element Resting on Two-Parameter Elastic
Foundation / J. Engrg Mech. Div., ASCE, Vol. 118, No 2, pp. 280-295 [1992]
34. TANAHASHI, H. Probability-Based Prediction of Differential Settlements of Structures Using Timoshenko
Beam on Pasternak Model / Soils & Foundations, Vol. 34, No 1, pp. 77-89 [Mar1994]
35. TANAHASHI, H. Two-Dimensional Analysis of Ground Surface Displacements Using Pasternak Model /
J. Struct. Constr. Engrg, AIJ, No 530, pp. 85-91 [Apr2000]
36. VALLABHAN, C.V.G. & DAS, Y.C. Parametric Study of Beams on Elastic Foundations / J. Engineering
Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 114, No 12, pp. 2072-2082 [Dec1988]
37. VALLABHAN, C.V.G. & DAS, Y.C. A Refined Model for Beams on Elastic Foundations / Intl J. Solids
& Structures, Vol. 27, No 5, pp. 628-637 [1991]
38. VALLABHAN, C.V.G. & DAS, Y.C. Modified Vlasov Model for Beams on Elastic Foundations / J.
Geotechnical Eng., Vol. 117, No 6, pp. 956-966 [Jun1991]
39. WANG, T.M. & GAGNON, L.W. Vibrations of Continuous Timoshenko Beams on Winkler-Pasternak
Foundations / J. Sound & Vibration, Vol. 59, No 2, pp. 211-220 [Jul1978]
40. WANG, Y.H., THAM, L.G. & CHEUNG, Y.K. Beams and Plates on Elastic Foundation: a Review /
Progress in Structural Engineering & Materials, Vol. 7, No 4, pp. 174-182 [2005]
41. ZHAOHUA, F. & COOK, R.D. Beam Elements on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundations / J. Engrg Mech.
Div., ASCE, Vol. 109, No 6, pp. 1390-1402 [1983]
Figure 6-2 Test Vehicle for Airport Pavement
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 24
7 EXAMPLES
****************************************************************
* *
* BEAMPASK *
* *
* Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support *
* *
* 12:25:34 Version 11.11 04/11/11 *
* *
****************************************************************
Units : m, rad, KN
7.1 Infinite Beam
7.1.1 Concentrated Load
The runs in this Section reproduce the configurations investigated in Ref./ 3/ of an infinitely long concrete beam
resting on an 18m thick elastic layer represented by a two-parameter soil model and subjected to a concentrated
load P = 2.0 KN.
The soil layer is characterized by
Youngs modulus E
0
= 14.0 [MPa]
Poissons ratio
0
= 0.3 [-]
The coefficient of subgrade reaction is hence found as
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
047 . 1
0 . 18 6 . 0 1 3 . 0 1
0 . 14 3 . 0 1
2 1 1
1
0 0
0 0
soil
H
E
k
[MN/m
3
]
The shear stiffness of the soil is derived from Table 4-1 for a Poissons ration
0
= 0.3, hence
[ ]
1
m 300 . 0
0 . 18
4 . 5
and [ ] MN/m 63 . 11
300 . 0
2
k
G
The flexural rigidity of the rectangular concrete beam is
3
3
1750
12
H
BH
E EI
c
[MNm
2
]
where
21000
c
E [MPa] Youngs modulus of concrete
0 . 1 B [m] width of the rectangular concrete section
H [m] depth of the rectangular concrete section (varies with the configuration)
The beam is given an arbitrary length of 400m, the load being applied 200m from either extremity.
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 25
Supports : left Ho= 0.000E+00 Ko= 0.000E+00 Jo= 0.000E+00
right He= 0.000E+00 Ke= 0.000E+00 Je= 0.000E+00
1 Concentrated Forces
d = 500.0000 P = 2.000E+00
0 Distributed Loads
0 Concentrated Moments
7.1.1.1 Winkler Model
This example considers a 0.666m high beam having the flexural rigidity EI = 517.0 MNm
2
.
The soil is assumed to possess no shear stiffness at all.
This run is essentially presented for calibration purpose with the Winkler routine BEAMWINK.
Beam : L = 400.0000 EI= 5.170E+05 u = 0.0000
Foundation : B = 1.0000 k = 1.047E+03 G = 0.000E+00
The foundation parameters are respectively
[ ]
0
m 150 . 0
0 . 517 4
047 . 1
1
4
thus
1
]
1
t
t
5 4
4 3
10 734 . 1 10 327 . 2
10 327 . 2 10 803 . 7
K [KN, m]
The displacement ratio must under this configuration be set to zero (u = 0).
Beam : L = 14.0000 EI= 5.170E+05 u = 0.0000
Foundation : B = 1.0000 k = 1.047E+03 G = 1.163E+04
Supports : left Ho= 7.803E+03 Ko= 1.734E+05 Jo=-2.327E+04
right He= 7.803E+03 Ke= 1.734E+05 Je= 2.327E+04
It can be observed that the diagrams of forces and displacements are totally independent of the position of the
loading with respect to the extremities of the beam, and remain rigorously identical to those computed in Section
7.1.1.2 at the same distance from the concentrated load.
7.4.1 Concentrated Load at 1.0m from Right Support
1 Concentrated Forces
d = 1.0000 P = 2.000E+00
0 Distributed Loads
0 Concentrated Moments
Forces and Displacements along the Beam
x = 1.0000 p = 1.342E-01 r =-1.014E-09 y =-1.282E-04
Q = 1.179E-05 M = 2.982E+00 V =-1.000E+00
x = 3.0000 p = 1.245E-01 r = 8.154E-06 y =-1.190E-04
Q =-9.484E-02 M = 1.353E+00 V =-6.437E-01
x = 5.0000 p = 1.035E-01 r = 1.127E-05 y =-9.888E-05
Q =-1.311E-01 M = 3.461E-01 V =-3.783E-01
x = 7.0000 p = 7.941E-02 r = 1.141E-05 y =-7.584E-05
Q =-1.327E-01 M =-2.137E-01 V =-1.937E-01
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 44
x = 9.0000 p = 5.682E-02 r = 1.000E-05 y =-5.426E-05
Q =-1.163E-01 M =-4.723E-01 V =-7.433E-02
x = 13.0000 p = 2.337E-02 r = 5.933E-06 y =-2.232E-05
Q =-6.901E-02 M =-5.096E-01 V = 3.294E-02
7.4.2 Concentrated Load at 5.0m from Right Support
1 Concentrated Forces
d = 5.0000 P = 2.000E+00
0 Distributed Loads
0 Concentrated Moments
Forces and Displacements along the Beam
x = 1.0000 p = 1.035E-01 r =-1.127E-05 y =-9.888E-05
Q = 1.311E-01 M = 3.462E-01 V = 3.782E-01
x = 3.0000 p = 1.245E-01 r =-8.155E-06 y =-1.190E-04
Q = 9.484E-02 M = 1.353E+00 V = 6.436E-01
x = 5.0000 p = 1.342E-01 r = 1.463E-10 y =-1.282E-04
Q =-1.701E-06 M = 2.981E+00 V =-1.000E+00
x = 7.0000 p = 1.245E-01 r = 8.155E-06 y =-1.190E-04
Q =-9.484E-02 M = 1.353E+00 V =-6.436E-01
x = 9.0000 p = 1.035E-01 r = 1.127E-05 y =-9.888E-05
Q =-1.311E-01 M = 3.460E-01 V =-3.783E-01
x = 11.0000 p = 7.941E-02 r = 1.141E-05 y =-7.584E-05
Q =-1.327E-01 M =-2.137E-01 V =-1.937E-01
x = 13.0000 p = 5.682E-02 r = 1.000E-05 y =-5.426E-05
Q =-1.164E-01 M =-4.722E-01 V =-7.428E-02
7.4.3 Concentrated Load at 7.0m from Right Support
1 Concentrated Forces
d = 7.0000 P = 2.000E+00
BEAMPASK Finite Length Beam on a Continuous Pasternak Support Version 11.11
14/11/11 Page 45
0 Distributed Loads
0 Concentrated Moments
Forces and Displacements along the Beam
x = 1.0000 p = 7.941E-02 r =-1.141E-05 y =-7.584E-05
Q = 1.327E-01 M =-2.136E-01 V = 1.936E-01
x = 3.0000 p = 1.035E-01 r =-1.127E-05 y =-9.888E-05
Q = 1.311E-01 M = 3.461E-01 V = 3.782E-01
x = 5.0000 p = 1.245E-01 r =-8.155E-06 y =-1.190E-04
Q = 9.484E-02 M = 1.353E+00 V = 6.436E-01
x = 7.0000 p = 1.342E-01 r =-1.145E-25 y =-1.282E-04
Q = 1.332E-21 M = 2.981E+00 V =-1.000E+00
x = 9.0000 p = 1.245E-01 r = 8.155E-06 y =-1.190E-04
Q =-9.484E-02 M = 1.353E+00 V =-6.436E-01
x = 11.0000 p = 1.035E-01 r = 1.127E-05 y =-9.888E-05
Q =-1.311E-01 M = 3.461E-01 V =-3.782E-01
x = 13.0000 p = 7.941E-02 r = 1.141E-05 y =-7.584E-05
Q =-1.327E-01 M =-2.136E-01 V =-1.936E-01
Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.
Alternative Proxies: