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    Gunn Diode in Motion Detectors

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    Dilip Kumar Vignesh
    Gunn diodes are used in motion detectors to emit microwave energy and detect movement. A motion detector using a Gunn diode consists of a power supply, oscillator, transceiver, mixer, amplifiers and a signal indicator. Gunn diodes have advantages like low noise and high frequency operation. Motion is detected when microwaves emitted by the Gunn diode are disturbed by movement in the detection area. While microwave motion detectors can penetrate walls, they may have issues with metals and give false alarms from other sources of motion. Pairing with other sensor types can help overcome some disadvantages.

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    Gunn Diode in Motion Detectors

    Uploaded by

    Dilip Kumar Vignesh
    153 views9 pages
    Gunn diodes are used in motion detectors to emit microwave energy and detect movement. A motion detector using a Gunn diode consists of a power supply, oscillator, transceiver, mixer, amplifiers and a signal indicator. Gunn diodes have advantages like low noise and high frequency operation. Motion is detected when microwaves emitted by the Gunn diode are disturbed by movement in the detection area. While microwave motion detectors can penetrate walls, they may have issues with metals and give false alarms from other sources of motion. Pairing with other sensor types can help overcome some disadvantages.

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    Gunn diodes are used in motion detectors to emit microwave energy and detect movement. A motion detector using a Gunn diode consists of a power supply, oscillator, transceiver, mixer, amplifiers and a signal indicator. Gunn diodes have advantages like low noise and high frequency operation. Motion is detected when microwaves emitted by the Gunn diode are disturbed by movement in the detection area. While microwave motion detectors can penetrate walls, they may have issues with metals and give false alarms from other sources of motion. Pairing with other sensor types can help overcome some disadvantages.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    153 views9 pages

    Gunn Diode in Motion Detectors

    Uploaded by

    Dilip Kumar Vignesh
    Gunn diodes are used in motion detectors to emit microwave energy and detect movement. A motion detector using a Gunn diode consists of a power supply, oscillator, transceiver, mixer, amplifiers and a signal indicator. Gunn diodes have advantages like low noise and high frequency operation. Motion is detected when microwaves emitted by the Gunn diode are disturbed by movement in the detection area. While microwave motion detectors can penetrate walls, they may have issues with metals and give false alarms from other sources of motion. Pairing with other sensor types can help overcome some disadvantages.

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    Gunn Diode in Motion Detectors

    Name : B. Dilip Kumar Vignesh Roll No : 108110025 Date : 08/11/2013

    Table of Contents 1) Motivaton 2) Introduction 3) Operating Principle 4) Devices Used 5) Block Diagram 6) Current State of the Art. 7) Drawbacks 8) Conclusion 9) Reference List

    Motivation:

    The purpose of this report is to give an idea about how Gunn diodes are used in Motion detectors. The report focusses on how microwave devices are being used in a wide range of devices , especially as Motion detectors. An Introduction On Gunn Diode:

    Gunn diode uses the property of Negative resistance where a increase in the current entering a electric circuit results in a decrease in voltage. This property is in contrast to a simple ohmic resistor which exhibits an increase in voltage under the same conditions. A Gunn diode is a transferred Electron device(TED) , which is a form of diode used in high frequency electronics. Gunn diodes are used at microwave frequencies and above because of their high frequency ability. Applications of Gunn diode oscillators include Motion detector, Airborne collision avoidance radar, Car radar detectors, Anti Lock Brakes etc. Advantages of Gunn diode include Low noise, High frequency operation and Medium RF power.

    Operating Principle:

    Motion Sensors developed using Gunn Diode emit Microwave energy to detect movement. These sensors send a signal alarm when they detect motion. The Gunn diode emits microwave energy in the X Band region (8 to 12 Ghz) . The system emits microwave energy that completely fills the area which is to be detected, similar to the way Ultrasonic sensors are used for motion Detection. Therefore, any disturbance in the area of Detection activates the alarm system. Devices Used:

    The Microwave motion detector consists of 1) Power Supply Unit The Power supply used for this circuit requires +9v to +15v DC. The Power Supply is responsible for biasing all the stages of the system. Using a battery for power supply makes it as a portable device for motion detection. 2) Oscillator An oscillator is used for generating the required microwave frequency . A crystal oscillator is used to generate

    the required frequency of 1GHZ. A Crystal oscillator is used for its compact size,low cost and availability. 3) Transceiver The microwave RF energy that is developed by the oscillator is radiated in an omni-directional pattern from the antenna. Then the redirected waves are also received by the same antenna. 4)Mixer The received frequency is mixed with the transmitted frequency using a Mixer. 5) Buffer Amplifier Frequency generated by the mixer is amplified and buffered in this section of the circuit. 6) Band Pass Amplifier Frequency filtered by the mixer is amplified and buffered in this section of the circuit. The band of frequencies passed from the stage is between 10Hz to 40Hz. 7) Output drive Amplifier

    This is used for amplifying the output stage.


    8) Signal Indicator/ Interfacing Circuits The detected motion is indicated in the form of an LED glow or can be interfaced with an interfacing signal that could be some alarm system,camera etc.

    Block Diagram:

    (Block Diagram generated using Paint and Not copied from Internet. Aproximate Block Diagram)

    Current State of the art:

    One of the state of the art devices are being developed by Ducommun technologies where motion detector modules

    are being developed using Microwave devices. The SMD series K Band Motion detector Modules developed by Ducommum technologies are designed for short-range motion/speed detection where the cost is essential. The modules are constructed with a T/R duplexer , a single ended mixer and a frequency and power adjustable Gunn diode oscillator. Its features include High reliability, High sensitivity, Compact size, low harmonic emission and low cost. Applications for the module include intrusion alarm detectors, Automatic door opener, Speed measurement, Traffic signal actuator, Automatic Illumination system.

    Drawbacks :

    Even though microwaves can penetrate through most of the regions, they fail in the case when metals are used. Due to this, the sensor may detect motion when it is not desirable and not detect motion where it is desirable. For example, large metal objects in the area of detection can create a shield behind them, thus creating dead Zones where sensors cannot create motion. On the other hand, since the beam can penetrate walls, it is capable of detecting motion behind walls even if such motion is normal. These sensors are extremely sensitive to motion due to which they are prone to give other false alarms. For Example, Objects blowing in the wind may trigger alarms. The

    other example being Fluorescent lighting which emits detectable light particles, thus causing a False alarm. Overcoming Disadvantages: Pairing Microwave sensors with other sensors like passive infrared radiation sensors which are more sensitive to lateral motion help in overcoming these problems . Since microwave sensors are more sensitive to forward motion, these two types of sensors compliment each other . Therefore, the alarm system is activated only when both the sensors detect movement.

    Conclusion: Usage of Microwave Devices such as Gunn diodes for various applications are increasing everyday. They are preferred for their Low cost, Compact size, High sensitivity and reliability. Difficult detection problems can be easily solved when Microwave devices are used for motion Detection.

    Reference List: 1) Home security Guru. A guide on Microwave Motion Detector Guide. 2) Ducommum Technologies . Motion Detector modules. 3) Wikipedia ( For information on Gunn Diode) 4) Ukessays.com An essay on Microwave motion detector

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