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    Paorb Pa PB Paand B Pa B Pa PB Pa B: N N N XX X

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    Bhen Calugay
    1. This document defines and explains various statistical formulas and concepts including binomial probability, central limit theorem, confidence intervals, correlation, covariance, degrees of freedom, empirical probability, linear regression, mean, probability, standard deviation, variance, and more. 2. Many of the formulas presented relate to descriptive statistics like measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability concepts, and inferential statistics like hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. 3. Over 40 statistical topics, formulas, and definitions are covered in the document.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Paorb Pa PB Paand B Pa B Pa PB Pa B: N N N XX X

    Uploaded by

    Bhen Calugay
    31 views4 pages
    1. This document defines and explains various statistical formulas and concepts including binomial probability, central limit theorem, confidence intervals, correlation, covariance, degrees of freedom, empirical probability, linear regression, mean, probability, standard deviation, variance, and more. 2. Many of the formulas presented relate to descriptive statistics like measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability concepts, and inferential statistics like hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. 3. Over 40 statistical topics, formulas, and definitions are covered in the document.

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    Original Title

    Statistics 2

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    1. This document defines and explains various statistical formulas and concepts including binomial probability, central limit theorem, confidence intervals, correlation, covariance, degrees of freedom, empirical probability, linear regression, mean, probability, standard deviation, variance, and more. 2. Many of the formulas presented relate to descriptive statistics like measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability concepts, and inferential statistics like hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. 3. Over 40 statistical topics, formulas, and definitions are covered in the document.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views4 pages

    Paorb Pa PB Paand B Pa B Pa PB Pa B: N N N XX X

    Uploaded by

    Bhen Calugay
    1. This document defines and explains various statistical formulas and concepts including binomial probability, central limit theorem, confidence intervals, correlation, covariance, degrees of freedom, empirical probability, linear regression, mean, probability, standard deviation, variance, and more. 2. Many of the formulas presented relate to descriptive statistics like measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability concepts, and inferential statistics like hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. 3. Over 40 statistical topics, formulas, and definitions are covered in the document.

    Copyright:

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    1

    Additional Rule
    ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
    ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
    P A or B P A P B P A and B
    P A B P A P B P A B
    = +
    = +

    Binomial Coefficient
    ( )
    !
    ! !
    n
    n
    n x x x
    | |
    =
    |

    \ .

    Binomial Probability
    ( )
    ( )
    !
    ! !
    x n x n
    P x p q
    n x x


    Central Limit Theorem
    x
    =
    Central Limit Theorem (Standard Error)
    x
    n
    o
    o =
    Chebyshevs Theorem: At least
    2
    1
    1
    k

    Combination
    ( )
    ( )
    !
    ,
    ! !
    n
    C n r
    n r r
    =


    Complement Rule ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 P not A P A P A = =
    Confidence Interval for estimate for proportional,
    p

    ( )
    2
    p q
    x
    p Z p
    n n
    o
    ' '
    ' ' =

    Confidence Interval for mean, (o known)
    ( )
    2
    X Z
    n
    o o
    | |

    |
    \ .

    /2
    x E x E where E Z
    n
    o
    o
    < < + =

    Confidence Interval for mean, (o unknown)
    ( )
    , 1
    2
    s
    X t df with df n
    n
    o
    | |
    =
    |
    \ .

    /2
    s
    x E x E where E t
    n
    o
    < < + =

    Correlation
    ( )( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    2 2
    2 2
    n xy x y
    r
    n x x n y y

    =




    ( )
    1
    x y
    z z
    r
    n
    =


    Covariance of x and y

    ( )
    ( )( )
    ,
    1
    x x y y
    covar x y
    n

    =


    Degrees of freedom for error

    ( ) df error n c =

    Degrees of freedom for factor

    ( ) 1 df factor c =

    Degrees of freedom for total

    ( ) 1 df total n =

    2

    Depth of sample median ( )
    1
    2
    n
    d x
    +
    =
    Empirical Probability
    ( )
    ( ) n A
    P A
    n
    ' =

    Equation for line of best fit
    0 1
    y b b x = +
    Estimated for variance of slope

    ( )
    ( )
    1
    2 2
    2
    2
    2
    t t
    b
    s s
    s
    SS x
    x
    x
    n
    = =


    Estimated variance of error

    ( )
    2
    2
    2
    t
    y y
    s
    n


    0 1
    2
    2
    2
    t
    y b y b xy
    s
    n

    =



    Experimental error

    e y y =

    Factorial ( )( ) ! 1 2 3 2 1 n n n n =

    Mann-Whitney U test

    ( )
    1
    1
    2
    a a b b b b
    U n n n n R = + +

    ( )
    1
    1
    2
    b a b a a a
    U n n n n R = + +

    Mathematical model

    , ( ) c k c k c
    x F c = + +

    Mean
    x
    x
    n
    =


    Mean (binomial)
    n p =

    Mean (frequency table)
    f x
    x
    f


    Mean of Discrete random variable ( ) x P x = (


    Mean square for error

    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    SS error
    MS error
    df error
    =

    Mean square for factor

    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    SS factor
    MS factor
    df factor
    =

    Multiplication Rule ( ) ( ) ( )
    P A and B P A P B A =

    Mutually exclusive ( ) ( ) ( ) P A or B P A P B = +

    Paired differences

    1 2
    d x x =

    3

    Pearsons Correlation Coefficient
    ( )
    ( ) ( )
    ( ) ,
    x y
    SS xy covar x y
    r
    S S
    SS x SS y
    = =


    Permutation
    ( )
    ( )
    !
    ,
    !
    n
    P n r
    n r
    =


    Probability ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    n A
    P A
    n S
    =

    Range H L
    Sample mean of paired differences

    d
    d
    n
    =


    Sample size for 1 o confidence estimate for

    ( )
    2
    2
    n Z
    E
    o o (
    =
    (


    Sample standard deviation of paired differences

    ( )
    2
    2
    1
    d
    d
    d
    n
    s
    n


    Slope for line of best fit
    ( )
    ( )
    1
    SS xy
    b
    SS x
    =

    ( )( )
    ( )
    ( )
    1
    2
    2
    n xy x y
    b
    n x x




    Spearmans rank correlation coefficient

    ( )
    2
    2
    6
    1
    1
    s
    x
    r
    n n
    =


    Standard deviation
    ( )
    2
    1
    x x
    s
    n


    Standard deviation about line best fit
    2
    t
    t
    s s =

    Standard deviation (binomial) n p q o =
    Standard deviation (frequency table)
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    2
    2
    1
    n f x f x
    s
    n n
    (
    (

    (

    =



    Standard deviation (prob. Dist) ( )
    2 2
    x P x o
    (
    =
    (


    Standard Score
    x
    x x
    z or
    s

    o

    =

    4

    Sum of squares due to factor ( )
    ( )
    3 1 2
    1 2 3
    2 2 2
    2
    error
    C C C
    x
    SS
    k k k n
    (
    (
    = + + +
    (
    (


    Sum of squares of x
    ( )
    ( )
    2
    2
    x
    SS x x
    n
    =


    Sum of squares of xy
    ( )
    x y
    SS xy xy
    n


    Variance (shortcut)
    ( )
    2
    2
    2
    1
    x
    x
    n
    s
    n


    Variance (binomial)
    2
    n p q o =
    Variance for a probability distribution (easier
    computations)
    ( )
    2 2 2
    x P x o
    (
    =
    (


    Variance for a probability distribution (easier to
    understand)
    ( ) ( )
    2 2
    x P x o
    (
    =
    (


    Variance of discrete random variable
    ( ) ( )
    ( )
    2
    2 2
    x P x xP x o
    (
    = (

    (



    y-intercept for line of best fit
    1
    0
    y b x
    b
    n

    =

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